EP4174377A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'un signal - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'un signal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4174377A1
EP4174377A1 EP22201658.6A EP22201658A EP4174377A1 EP 4174377 A1 EP4174377 A1 EP 4174377A1 EP 22201658 A EP22201658 A EP 22201658A EP 4174377 A1 EP4174377 A1 EP 4174377A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
heater
flame detection
heating device
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22201658.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tim Nettingsmeier
Marco Hahn
Carsten Wölfl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4174377A1 publication Critical patent/EP4174377A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/14—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors
    • F23N5/143—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermo-sensitive resistors using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a heating device, a computer program, a storage medium, a regulation and control device, a heating device and use of a detected temperature.
  • Gas-fired heaters usually have a flame detection device, often due to legal requirements, which prevents unburned combustible gas/air mixture from escaping in the combustion chamber of the heater. Flame detection enables the gas supply to the heater to be interrupted as soon as the flame detection device can no longer detect a flame, thus ensuring particularly safe operation of the heater.
  • flame detection based on UV light is often used in hydrogen-powered heaters, with an ultraviolet light sensor on the flame can be directed. If the UV sensor fails or becomes dirty, for example due to deposits of combustion products, it is disadvantageous that flame detection cannot be reliably guaranteed and the operating range has to be reduced or the operation of the heater even has to be interrupted.
  • the object of the invention to propose a method for flame detection (flame monitoring) of a heating device which at least partially overcomes the problems of the prior art described.
  • the method is intended to enable safe operation of the heater even after the failure of a first flame detection device.
  • Steps a), b) and c) are generally carried out at least once in the specified sequence in a regular process sequence. It is also possible to carry out step b) permanently or at different times, for example with a sampling rate.
  • the method is used to operate a heater, in particular to provide flame detection for (emergency) operation of the heater in the event of failure of a first device for flame detection (a first flame detection system).
  • the method can also be used to regulate the combustion process as part of emergency operation, in particular to regulate the proportions of fuel gas and combustion air in the mass flow of the combustion mixture to be supplied to the burner of the heater.
  • the solution specified here describes, in particular, a particularly simple and reliable way of ensuring (emergency) operation of a heater if a first flame detection system fails.
  • the heater is, in particular, a gas heater which is set up to burn a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas or, in particular, hydrogen, with the supply of ambient air.
  • a gaseous fuel such as natural gas or, in particular, hydrogen
  • the resulting heat can, for example, be transferred to a heating circuit or provide a hot water supply.
  • the heater usually has at least one burner and a delivery device that delivers a mixture of fuel (gas) and combustion air through a mixture channel of the heater to the burner.
  • the combustion products can then be routed through an exhaust duct of the heater to an exhaust system.
  • the heater can be operated in particular with pure hydrogen or a fuel gas with a hydrogen content of more than 90%, preferably more than 97%.
  • a first flame detection device can be based in particular on detecting and evaluating the UV (ultraviolet) radiation emitted by the flame.
  • the device for flame detection can include a sensor for UV radiation, which can be aligned in the direction of a burner of the heating device or a flame arising there.
  • the use of a flame detection system based on UV radiation can make sense, especially for hydrogen-powered heaters. During the combustion of hydrogen, only a few free charge carriers are created, which makes it difficult to use a flame detection system based on the detection of an ionization current.
  • a first device for flame detection can take place alternatively or cumulatively by means of at least one infrared flicker detector, acoustic flame detection and/or high-voltage ionization
  • a failure of the first flame detection device is detected.
  • a failure of the flame detection device can be detected, for example, by means of a comparison with stored reference values during operation of the heater at defined operating points, in order to verify the first flame detection device.
  • the first flame detection device includes a UV sensor for detecting UV radiation from a flame of the heater
  • a failure of the first flame detection device can be caused by a failure of the UV sensor or by contamination of the same. Contamination of the UV sensor would result in sensor drift, which can make the UV sensor signal unusable for controlling the heater.
  • a sensor drift can be detected by a signal evaluation of the sensor signal, in particular by inclusion and a comparison with other operating parameters of the heater, which allow conclusions to be drawn about the sensor signal to be expected.
  • a failure of the first device for flame detection according to step a) can be detected before the heater is started up or during operation.
  • a detected ionization current of the flame of the heater can be used to detect a failure of the first device for flame detection.
  • it may appear sensible to carry out step b) of the method presented here permanently or at regular intervals.
  • At least one operating parameter of the heater can be used to detect a failure of the first device for flame detection according to step a).
  • Various operating parameters of the heating device are advantageously on one level when a method proposed here is carried out Regulation and control unit of the heater already before.
  • the operating parameters can be, for example, a flow and/or return temperature of the heating system and/or operating parameters that allow conclusions to be drawn about the mass flow of combustion gas and combustion air supplied to the burner.
  • the comparison of the operating parameters with a detected signal of the first device for flame detection can, in particular when viewed over a longer period of time, enable detection of a sensor drift and thus also a failure of a first device for flame detection according to step a) can be detected.
  • step b) at least one temperature of the flame of the heater is detected.
  • a signal from at least one temperature sensor arranged in the immediate vicinity of the flame of the heating device can be detected.
  • any desired temperature sensor can be used to detect the at least one temperature.
  • a resistance-based temperature sensor for example a thermistor or PTC thermistor, a platinum or silicon measuring resistor, and/or a semiconductor temperature sensor can be used.
  • the temperature sensor can be an ignition device, in particular a hot-surface igniter of the heater.
  • a hot-surface igniter is an ignition device for a heater that has a temperature-dependent resistance and thus enables a temperature to be recorded.
  • the complexity of a heating device is not increased and no additional components are required to carry out a method proposed here.
  • the signals from a number of (different) temperature sensors can be included in order to record the at least one temperature.
  • step c) the heater is operated by means of a flame detection based on the at least one temperature recorded in step b). In this way, (emergency) operation of the heater can advantageously be guaranteed, even if the first device for flame detection has failed.
  • step c) If a failure of the first device for flame detection according to step a) has been detected when the heater is started by a missing and/or implausible signal from the first device for flame detection, it can now also be determined in step c) whether the missing or implausible signal from the first flame detection device is actually due to a flame detection failure or some other problem in the heater that may prevent a flame from developing.
  • the at least one recorded temperature of the flame according to step b) or also a recorded ionization current of the heating device can be used. This can be done as part of a further attempt to start the heater or also during the first attempt to start by carrying out steps a) and b) in parallel.
  • a temperature of the flame (and an ionization current) is continuously recorded in order to have as much information as possible about the state of the flame available at all times.
  • a rate of change in output of the heater when operating the heater in step c) according to step e), can be set in such a way that a change in the output of the heater (e.g. due to a lower heat requirement) is compensated for by the flame going out based on the in step b) detected temperature is recognizable.
  • a thermal mass of a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the flame according to step b) which can lead to a delayed reaction of the temperature signal from the sensor.
  • a suitable rate of power change can be stored in a memory of a regulating and control device that carries out a method presented here.
  • a reduced rate of change in output means that a new operating point of the heater, for example one based on a lower heat requirement, is approached at a lower speed, and operation of the heater with reduced output can thus be clearly distinguished from a loss of flame.
  • the heater can be operated by means of a flame detection based on the at least one temperature recorded in step b) in a restricted power range (modulation range) of the heater.
  • the power range can be limited in particular with the proviso that reliable flame detection is possible based on a detected temperature of the flame.
  • the restricted power range can also be stored, for example, on a regulation and control device that carries out a method presented here.
  • an ionization current of the flame of the heating device can also be detected when carrying out step b).
  • the measurement of an ionization current is a proven option for flame detection, but it is not used with hydrogen-powered heaters, since a hydrogen flame with low power and/or high lambda releases too few charge carriers to enable reliable flame detection. With higher power or sufficiently low lambda, however, flame detection of a hydrogen flame is reliably possible.
  • flame detection by means of an ionization current advantageously has a high reaction speed, so that a reduction in the rate of change in power, as described above for flame detection by means of a detected temperature, is unnecessary.
  • the threshold power of the heater can be defined in particular by the (hydrogen) flame of the heater releasing sufficient free charge carriers above the threshold power so that flame detection based on detection of the ionization current is reliably possible.
  • a threshold power of the heating device can be specified by various operating parameters of the heating device, which allow conclusions to be drawn about the converted power of the heating device. Suitable operating parameters can be, for example, a (consumed) power or a speed of the conveyor that supplies a mixture of fuel and combustion air to the burner of the heater, or a volume flow of the mixture of fuel and combustion air.
  • a value for the threshold power of the heater can be stored in a memory device of the heater, in particular on a regulation and control unit of the heater.
  • an ionization current of the flame of the heater can be (additionally) detected by means of an ignition device (ignition electrode) of the heater.
  • ignition device ignition electrode
  • the heater in step d), can provide or send information about the failure of the first device for flame detection.
  • the information can be provided or sent via a network, in particular the Internet.
  • the heater could automatically send information about this to a selected specialist company, which can then plan and carry out a maintenance appointment for the heater to restore the first device for flame detection.
  • the heater can advantageously be operated in an (emergency) mode according to step c), so that there are no restrictions in comfort for the user.
  • a computer program is also proposed which is set up to (at least partially) carry out a method presented here.
  • this relates in particular to a computer program (product) comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the latter to execute a method proposed here.
  • a machine-readable storage medium is also proposed, on which the computer program is stored.
  • the machine-readable storage medium is usually a computer-readable data carrier.
  • a regulating and control unit for a heating device is also proposed, set up to carry out a method proposed here.
  • the regulating and control device can have a processor, for example, and/or have it at its disposal.
  • the processor can, for example, execute the method stored in a memory (of the regulation and control unit). In the forefront of the memory of the control unit and operating data and according to Step e) the rate of change in power to be set for carrying out a method presented here is or is to be stored.
  • a heater having a regulation and control device proposed here.
  • the heater is in particular a gas heater, in particular a hydrogen-powered gas heater.
  • the gas heater can have a burner and a delivery device with which a mixture of combustion gas (hydrogen) and combustion air can be supplied to the burner.
  • the use of at least one recorded temperature of a flame of a heating device to operate the heating device, in particular for flame detection to operate the heating device after failure of a first device for flame detection is proposed.
  • the at least one temperature can be detected by a temperature sensor arranged in the area or in the immediate vicinity of the flame.
  • a detected ionization current of the flame of the heater can also be used for flame detection above a threshold power. Below the threshold power, the detected temperature can be used for flame detection, since reliable flame detection by means of a detected ionization current is not possible in the power range below the threshold power.
  • a method for operating a heater, a computer program, a machine-readable storage medium, a regulation and control device, a heater and the use of at least one temperature signal are thus specified here, which at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art.
  • the method, the heater and the use at least contribute to enabling safe operation of a heater after failure of a first device for flame detection.
  • no action is required to operate the heater, since the heater automatically switches to (emergency) operation and transmits information about the failure of the first device for flame detection, for example to a service company.
  • the invention can be implemented very easily and in particular without or with only very minor structural changes to a heating device.
  • the ionization current of the heating device is detected according to step b) via a device of the heating device, no structural changes are necessary on a heating device in order to carry out a method proposed here.
  • first primarily (only) serve to distinguish between several similar objects, sizes or processes, i.e. in particular no dependency and/or sequence of these objects, sizes or make processes mandatory for each other. Should a dependency and/or order be necessary, this is explicitly stated here or it is obvious to the person skilled in the art when studying the specifically described embodiment. If a component can occur more than once (“at least one"), the description of one of these components can apply equally to all or part of the majority of these components, but this is not mandatory.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary and schematic sequence of a method proposed here.
  • the method is used to ensure (emergency) operation of a heater 1 after failure of a first device for flame detection 4.
  • the sequence of steps a), b) and c) shown in blocks 110, 120 and 130 can change in a regular operating sequence set.
  • a failure of the first flame detection device 4 is detected.
  • the first flame detection device 4 can include a UV sensor that detects UV radiation emitted by the flame 3 and thus detects a flame 3 of the heater can.
  • the detection of a failure of the first device for flame detection 4 can, for example, based on the signal from the device Flame detection 4 itself or by comparing the signal from the flame detection device 4 with reference values for defined operating states of the heater 1.
  • step b) at least one temperature of a flame 3 of the heater 1 is detected.
  • the at least one temperature of the flame 3 of the heater 1 can be detected by a temperature sensor 5.
  • the temperature sensor 5 can be an ignition device, in particular a hot-surface igniter of the heating device 1 .
  • several temperature sensors 5 can also be provided, which can be arranged, for example, at different positions in or in the immediate vicinity of the flame 3 of the heating device 1 .
  • step c) the heater 1 is operated by means of a flame detection based on the at least one temperature recorded in step b).
  • the first device for flame detection 4 and the at least one temperature sensor 5 can advantageously be electrically connected to a regulating and control device 8 on which a method presented here is carried out.
  • the heater 1 has a regulating and control device 8 that is set up to carry out a method presented here.
  • the heater 1 has a burner 2 which can generate a flame 3 which can be detected by means of a first device 4 for flame detection.
  • the heater 1 also has a temperature sensor 5, which can be arranged in such a way that a temperature of the flame 3 can be detected.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example and a schematic of a parameter curve that can occur when a method presented here is carried out.
  • the abscissa of the diagram shown in FIG. 3 shows the course of time t, a first device for flame detection 4 failing at a point in time t A , which is detected in accordance with step a) (block 110).
  • the heater 1 can be operated in a power range (modulation range) 6 by means of the first device for flame detection 4 (here, for example, designed as a UV sensor), since flame detection by means of the first device for flame detection 4 is guaranteed in this power range 6 .
  • the heater 1 After failure of the first flame detection device 4 at time t A , as part of the operation of the heater 1 by means of a flame detection based on the in step b) (block 120) detected at least one temperature according to step c) (block 130), the heater 1 only can still be operated in a power range 7 in which control of the heater 1 using a detected temperature of the flame 3 is reliably possible.
  • a speed of change in output of the temperature-based flame detection 10 for operating the heater according to step b) (block 120) can be reduced in order to compensate for a reduction in the output of the heater (for example due to a lower heat requirement) caused by the regulation and control unit 8 to distinguish a flame loss.
  • the power change speed of the temperature-based flame detection 10 can be set noticeably lower than the power change speed of the first flame detection device 9 . It goes without saying that the power change speed for the temperature-based flame detection 10 should only be changed for a reduction in power, since there is no risk of confusion with a loss of flame when there is an increase in power.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example and a schematic of a parameter curve that can occur when carrying out a method presented here, after the failure of a first Device for flame detection 4 at time t A a flame is detected below a threshold power 13 by means of a temperature measured by the temperature sensor 5 and above the threshold power 13 by means of an ionization current measured by an ionization electrode 14 .
  • a power change speed of the ionization-based flame detection 11 that is significantly higher than the power change speed for the temperature-based flame detection 10 is advantageously possible in a power range of the flame detection using the ionization current 12 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
EP22201658.6A 2021-11-02 2022-10-14 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'un signal Pending EP4174377A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021128479.1A DE102021128479A1 (de) 2021-11-02 2021-11-02 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizgerätes, Computerprogramm, Speichermedium, Regel- und Steuergerät, Heizgerät und Verwendung einer erfassten Temperatur

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EP4174377A1 true EP4174377A1 (fr) 2023-05-03

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EP22201658.6A Pending EP4174377A1 (fr) 2021-11-02 2022-10-14 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un appareil de chauffage, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil de chauffage et utilisation d'un signal

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DE (1) DE102021128479A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3160197A (en) * 1964-12-08 Bummer safeguard control apparatus
FR2061441A5 (fr) * 1969-09-15 1971-06-18 Mayer & Wonisch
EP3825623A1 (fr) * 2019-11-20 2021-05-26 Vaillant GmbH Appareil chauffant à réglage de mode d'urgence

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19956395A1 (de) 1999-11-24 2001-06-13 Honeywell Bv Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung bei Gasbrennern sowie entsprechende Vorrichtung
DE10045270C2 (de) 2000-08-31 2002-11-21 Heatec Thermotechnik Gmbh Feuerungseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Regeln derselben

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3160197A (en) * 1964-12-08 Bummer safeguard control apparatus
FR2061441A5 (fr) * 1969-09-15 1971-06-18 Mayer & Wonisch
EP3825623A1 (fr) * 2019-11-20 2021-05-26 Vaillant GmbH Appareil chauffant à réglage de mode d'urgence

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Effective date: 20231030

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR