EP4102136A1 - Procédé de surveillance de flammes d'un appareil chauffant, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil chauffant et utilisation d'un rapport - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance de flammes d'un appareil chauffant, programme informatique, support d'enregistrement, appareil de régulation et de commande, appareil chauffant et utilisation d'un rapport Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4102136A1
EP4102136A1 EP22175400.5A EP22175400A EP4102136A1 EP 4102136 A1 EP4102136 A1 EP 4102136A1 EP 22175400 A EP22175400 A EP 22175400A EP 4102136 A1 EP4102136 A1 EP 4102136A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
heater
heating device
signal
ratio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22175400.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4102136B1 (fr
Inventor
Jochen Grabe
Bodo Oerder
Matthias Hopf
Arnold Wohlfeil
Fabian Staab
Michael Schumacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP4102136A1 publication Critical patent/EP4102136A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4102136B1 publication Critical patent/EP4102136B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/14—Flame sensors using two or more different types of flame sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/04—Gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/06—Space-heating and heating water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for flame monitoring of a heating device, a computer program, a regulation and control device, a storage medium, a heating device and a use.
  • Flame monitoring of a heater makes sense to prevent unburned fuel from escaping. It is also known to use a signal from a flame monitoring system in order to suitably adjust the mixture of fuel and combustion air.
  • a system for monitoring a flame of a heating device in which a first ionization signal and a second ionization signal of a flame as well as a first radiation signal and a second radiation signal are used to monitor the flame.
  • the US 2014/0212824 A1 discloses a method, in particular computer-aided, for flame detection of a burner. Information about a used Burner and a fuel are used to ensure safe flame monitoring.
  • the object of the invention to propose a method for flame monitoring of a heating device which at least partially overcomes the problems of the prior art described.
  • the method should enable detection of the influence of extraneous light for safe operation of the heating device.
  • Steps a) to d) are carried out at least once in the specified order in a regular process sequence.
  • steps a) and b) can also be carried out simultaneously.
  • the proposed method for verifying a flame monitor as part of an ignition process and/or during the operation of a heater can be carried out continuously or at (short) time intervals in order to ensure that the flame monitor of the heater is verified as continuously or seamlessly as possible, in particular a check for an extraneous light influence of the flame monitoring.
  • the solution described here serves in particular to verify a flame monitor of a heating device, in particular to check whether the signal from a sensor for ultraviolet radiation in the flame monitor is influenced by extraneous light.
  • the heating device can in particular be a hydrogen-operated heating device, but a method proposed here is fundamentally possible and useful for any flame monitoring that includes a signal from ultraviolet radiation.
  • the flame monitor monitors a flame in a heater that is at least partially produced by the combustion of hydrogen.
  • Influencing a sensor for ultraviolet radiation of a heater by extraneous light could cause the regulation and control of a heater to regulate or control in a critical area, and thus lead to a failure of the heater, up to and including a risk of explosion and danger a leak of unburned fuel.
  • the method proposed here advantageously offers a simple and reliable way of excluding or at least minimizing such risks.
  • the heater is in particular a gas heater that is set up to burn a fuel gas, in particular hydrogen, with the supply of ambient air and to generate heat energy, for example to heat a heat transfer medium of a heating circuit or to provide a hot water supply.
  • the heater can be a condensing boiler.
  • the heater generally has a combustion chamber and a delivery device that can deliver a mixture of fuel gas and combustion air into a combustion chamber. The combustion products can then be discharged through an exhaust system.
  • the heater has a flame monitoring device.
  • Flame monitoring of a heater can be used to detect and prevent the escape of (unburned) fuel gas. Escaping combustible gas poses, among other things, a high health risk and a risk of explosion, which is why flame monitoring devices are required by law in most countries.
  • Flame monitoring of a heating device can be integrated, for example, in what is known as a gas burner control unit, which can often also be used to regulate and control the heating device.
  • a flame monitoring device can detect at least two (different) flame signals, a first flame signal for or relating to (visible) light and/or in particular ultraviolet radiation and a second flame signal for or relating to infrared radiation.
  • the flame signals can be detected or determined by means of sensors of a flame monitoring device that are suitable for the respective radiation.
  • a flame signal of an ultraviolet (UV) radiation can be detected.
  • the ultraviolet (UV) radiation can be detected using a suitable sensor.
  • an ultraviolet radiation sensor can convert photons in the ultraviolet spectrum into an electrical current via a photoelectric effect.
  • suitable sensors are often very sensitive or sensitive. This results in a high susceptibility to the influence of extraneous light.
  • an attempt is made to rule out the influence of extraneous light by arranging the sensor, for example by arranging it in the air intake line with direct alignment to a flame.
  • a constructive solution to the problem is not always possible, and the influence of extraneous light due to damage to the heater cannot be completely ruled out either.
  • UV radiation from the flame is often detected anyway.
  • the method proposed here can be used to verify the detected ultraviolet (UV) radiation, in particular to check whether it is influenced or falsified by the influence of extraneous light.
  • UV radiation can occur in particular in a wavelength range of 300 nm to 325 nm [nanometer], which is significant for a hydrogen flame.
  • a second flame signal of an infrared (IR) radiation can be detected.
  • the infrared radiation can be detected by an infrared sensor of the flame monitoring device, in particular in a wavelength range from 700 nm [nanometer] to 3.5 ⁇ m [micrometer].
  • Steps a) and b) can be carried out (alternately) one after the other and/or partly simultaneously.
  • a ratio of the ultraviolet radiation detected in step a) and the infrared radiation detected in step b) can be detected or determined.
  • the ratio can be a parameter that includes the flame signals together or in relation to one another.
  • the ratio can include a (mathematical) division of the flame signals, the result of the division being such a ratio parameter. It has been shown that, in particular when hydrogen is burned, radiation is emitted that has both ultraviolet and infrared components. During combustion, the ultraviolet and infrared components can only be emitted from (intermediate) products of the chemical reaction of the combustion. With a largely constant composition of the mixture of fuel and air to be burned, there is a (fixed or specified/known) dependency of the ratio of ultraviolet and infrared radiation solely on the output of the heating device.
  • a step d) it can be determined on the basis of the ratio of the flame signals of ultraviolet and infrared radiation determined in step c) whether there is a fault in the flame monitoring. For example, an error can be detected if either only the ultraviolet signal or only the infrared signal returns a value. In particular, an error can be determined, which can be based on the influence of extraneous light, if a (significant) change or deviation in the ratio determined in step c) can be detected. In particular, an error can be detected if a (significant) change in the ratio determined in step c) can be detected independently of the output of the heater.
  • a reference value of the ratio of the first flame signal to the second flame signal determined in step c) can be included as part of the determination of a fault in the flame monitoring according to step d).
  • the reference value should be determined in relation to the properties of a heater, in particular with regard to the fuel, the sensors used to record the first flame signal and second flame signal, the arrangement of the sensors, etc.
  • a reference value can be determined, for example, by comparing the ratio of a (proven ) error-free operation of the heater is determined.
  • Including the reference value in determining a fault in the flame monitoring can consist in a comparison of the reference value with the ratio determined in step c), in which case a tolerance can also be included in the comparison to compensate for system-related inaccuracies.
  • the reference value can be selected depending on the output of the heater.
  • the reference value can be provided in particular as a (discrete) function or characteristic diagram.
  • the reference value can be selected depending on a lambda value of the composition of the mixture of fuel and air.
  • a (current) lambda value of the composition of the mixture of fuel and air in the heater can also be recorded.
  • the reference value can be provided in particular as a (discrete) function or characteristic diagram.
  • step d the heater can be switched off in step e) because safe operation is no longer guaranteed.
  • step e it is also possible to block starting up the heater after an error has been detected, which can only be reversed by a service company, for example.
  • a message about the detected error can also be sent to a service company or the owner, for example by means of an acoustic or optical display or also via a network such as the Internet.
  • the above actions can be provided or initiated individually or cumulatively.
  • the first flame signal and/or the second flame signal can be determined by a number of sensors. By comparing the determined signals, a sensor failure can be detected, for example, while the heater can be left in operation. Equally possible is an averaging of the recorded values for the first and second flame signal.
  • a regulation and control unit for a heating device is also proposed, set up to carry out a method presented here.
  • the regulating and control unit can have a processor, for example, or have it at its disposal.
  • the processor can, for example, execute the method stored in a memory (of the regulation and control device).
  • a reference value of a ratio of the first radiation signal to the second radiation signal can also be stored in a memory of the regulation and control device, for example in the form of a characteristic map including a power of the heater and/or a lambda value of the heater.
  • a heater with a closed-loop and open-loop control unit presented here is also proposed.
  • the regulation and control device is often part of a heater of the heating system.
  • the heater is in particular a gas heater with a gas burner and a conveyor capable of conveying a mixture of gas and combustion air (combustible mixture) to a gas burner.
  • a heating device that includes flame monitoring (or a flame monitoring device) and means that are suitable for carrying out the steps of the method described here.
  • the “means” can in particular be sensors for detecting the first and/or second flame signal, a computing, comparison or analysis unit for sensor data (e.g. also the regulation and control unit), a data memory, data connections, electrical connections, a detector for detecting the Lambda value of the composition of the mixture of fuel and air, circuits of the heater and / or a message sending unit or more.
  • a computer program is also proposed which is set up to (at least partially) carry out a method presented here.
  • this relates in particular to a computer program (product), comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the latter to execute a method described here.
  • a machine-readable storage medium is also proposed, on which the computer program is stored.
  • the machine-readable storage medium is usually a computer-readable data carrier.
  • a ratio of a first and a second flame signal is used to verify a flame monitor of a heating device.
  • the first flame signal can in particular be ultraviolet radiation from a flame of the heating device.
  • the second flame signal can in particular be infrared radiation from a flame of the heating device.
  • a method for flame monitoring of a heating device in particular for verifying flame monitoring of a heating device, a computer program, a regulating and control device and a heating device for carrying out the method and the use of a ratio are thus specified here, which are described with reference to the prior art at least partially solve problems.
  • the method, the computer program, the regulation and control device and the heater as well as the use each contribute at least to ensuring safe and trouble-free flame monitoring of a heater.
  • the method can be implemented without significant changes to a flame monitoring system of a heating device and is therefore inexpensive and simple.
  • first primarily (only) serve to distinguish between several similar objects, sizes or processes, i.e. in particular no dependency and/or sequence of these objects, sizes or make processes mandatory for each other. Should a dependency and/or order be necessary, this is explicitly stated here or it is obvious to the person skilled in the art when studying the specifically described embodiment. If a component can occur more than once (“at least one"), the description of one of these components can apply equally to all or part of the majority of these components, but this is not mandatory.
  • the heater 1 shows an example and diagrammatically of a heating system 0 with a heater 1 proposed here.
  • the heater 1 can have a burner 3 to which a gas mixture (mixture of fuel gas, in particular hydrogen and air) can be supplied via a mixture channel 11 .
  • a gas mixture mixture of fuel gas, in particular hydrogen and air
  • Ambient air can be sucked in via an air intake pipe 4, to which combustible gas can be added via a gas supply pipe 8.
  • the fuel gas can be introduced and dosed via a gas valve 5, which can be electrically connected to a regulating and control unit 7.
  • a delivery device 2 can be arranged in the mixture channel 11 and can deliver a mixture of fuel gas and air to the burner 3 .
  • the conveying device 2 can, for example, be designed as a blower and alternatively also be arranged in the direction of flow after the burner 3, in the exhaust gas duct of an exhaust system 9.
  • the burner 3 can be arranged in a combustion chamber 12 which has an ignition device 6 and a flame monitoring device 10 .
  • the flame monitor 10 may include a sensor for detecting ultraviolet radiation and a sensor for detecting infrared radiation.
  • the flame monitoring device 10 can be arranged outside the combustion chamber 12 in order not to be exposed to the wear-promoting conditions in the combustion chamber 12 (influence of high temperatures and combustion products).
  • the flame monitor may be located behind a burner door and directed toward the flame through a translucent portion thereof.
  • the method is used for flame monitoring of a heating device 1, in particular for verification of flame monitoring of a heating device 1. Signals from sensors of the flame monitoring device 10 can be used to carry out the method. The method can be carried out in particular by the regulation and control unit 7 .
  • a first flame signal of an ultraviolet radiation of a flame of the heating device 1 is detected.
  • step b which is to be carried out in particular at the same time as or in parallel with step a), a second flame signal of infrared radiation from the heater 1 is detected.
  • the first flame signal can be detected by a sensor for detecting ultraviolet radiation and the second flame signal can be detected by a sensor for detecting infrared radiation, both of which sensors can be part of the flame monitoring device 10 .
  • a ratio of the first flame signal (ultraviolet radiation of the flame) detected in step a) and the second flame signal (infrared radiation of the flame) detected in step b) can now be formed.
  • the ratio can be formed by dividing the first flame signal and the second flame signal.
  • a fault in the flame monitoring can now be detected.
  • the ratio determined in step c) can be compared with a reference value of the ratio.
  • the reference value of the ratio should have the same dimension as the ratio determined in step c). If, for example, the ultraviolet radiation signal was divided by the infrared radiation signal to determine the ratio in step c), the reference value should be given using the same arithmetic operation in order to ensure comparability.
  • a tolerance can also be included in a comparison of a ratio of the first and second flame signal determined in step c), for example that a deviation of 10% is considered permissible and no error is detected. Such small deviations can be due to fluctuations in the fuel quality, signs of aging in the sensors or other components.
  • the method can advantageously be carried out permanently or at short time intervals, for example every minute.
  • the incoming signals namely signals of the flame monitoring device 10
  • the incoming signals are already available to a process-carrying regulation and control device 7, so that a permanent process performance appears possible without any problems and without additional use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP22175400.5A 2021-06-07 2022-05-25 Procédé de vérification d'un dispositif de surveillance de flammes d'un appareil chauffant, appareil chauffant, programme informatique et support de stockage Active EP4102136B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021114482.5A DE102021114482A1 (de) 2021-06-07 2021-06-07 Verfahren zur Flammenüberwachung eines Heizgerätes, Computerprogramm, Speichermedium, Regel- und Steuergerät, Heizgerät und Verwendung eines Verhältnisses

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EP4102136A1 true EP4102136A1 (fr) 2022-12-14
EP4102136B1 EP4102136B1 (fr) 2024-07-31

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EP22175400.5A Active EP4102136B1 (fr) 2021-06-07 2022-05-25 Procédé de vérification d'un dispositif de surveillance de flammes d'un appareil chauffant, appareil chauffant, programme informatique et support de stockage

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2188416A (en) * 1986-03-25 1987-09-30 Airoil Flaregas Ltd Flame condition monitoring
US5339070A (en) * 1992-07-21 1994-08-16 Srs Technologies Combined UV/IR flame detection system
US20140212824A1 (en) 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 Safe-Fire, Inc. Systems, methods, and computer program products providing flame detection
KR102051068B1 (ko) * 2019-06-13 2019-12-02 주식회사 대성엔지니어링 산업용 보일러 및 산업용 버너용 이중 화염감지장치
EP3663646A1 (fr) 2018-12-06 2020-06-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Moniteur de flamme

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104566516B (zh) 2013-10-16 2017-06-06 光宝电子(广州)有限公司 具有火焰检测功能的瓦斯炉
DE202020106475U1 (de) 2020-11-11 2021-01-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flammendetektion für Verbrennungsvorrichtungen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2188416A (en) * 1986-03-25 1987-09-30 Airoil Flaregas Ltd Flame condition monitoring
US5339070A (en) * 1992-07-21 1994-08-16 Srs Technologies Combined UV/IR flame detection system
US20140212824A1 (en) 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 Safe-Fire, Inc. Systems, methods, and computer program products providing flame detection
EP3663646A1 (fr) 2018-12-06 2020-06-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Moniteur de flamme
KR102051068B1 (ko) * 2019-06-13 2019-12-02 주식회사 대성엔지니어링 산업용 보일러 및 산업용 버너용 이중 화염감지장치

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Publication number Publication date
DE102021114482A1 (de) 2022-12-08
EP4102136B1 (fr) 2024-07-31

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