EP4321638A1 - Procédé d'élimination du fer d'une fusion d'aluminium - Google Patents

Procédé d'élimination du fer d'une fusion d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4321638A1
EP4321638A1 EP22190250.5A EP22190250A EP4321638A1 EP 4321638 A1 EP4321638 A1 EP 4321638A1 EP 22190250 A EP22190250 A EP 22190250A EP 4321638 A1 EP4321638 A1 EP 4321638A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
liquid phase
aluminum melt
liquid
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22190250.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Metzler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rauschert Heinersdorf Pressig GmbH
Original Assignee
Rauschert Heinersdorf Pressig GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rauschert Heinersdorf Pressig GmbH filed Critical Rauschert Heinersdorf Pressig GmbH
Priority to EP22190250.5A priority Critical patent/EP4321638A1/fr
Publication of EP4321638A1 publication Critical patent/EP4321638A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/066—Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/068—Obtaining aluminium refining handling in vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
    • C22B9/023—By filtering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for at least partially removing iron from an aluminum melt.
  • iron has a consistently negative effect on the technical properties of Al alloys. Depending on the application, this can be more typical Certain concentrations of Fe can be tolerated without deteriorating the properties of the Al alloys too much. This tolerance limit can range up to around one percent by weight, but can also be significantly lower for more demanding applications. With an iron content of more than 1% by weight, Al alloys are unsuitable for most applications. That is why the market price of Al alloys is directly linked to the Fe content. The higher the iron content, the higher the discount on the price of primary aluminum (typically ⁇ 0.1-0.2% by weight of Fe) is usual on the market.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to reduce the iron content in Al alloys in order to increase the technical utility and market value of the alloy.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved method for at least partially removing iron from an aluminum melt.
  • the present invention solves the problem of separating iron by the action of centrifugal force on a thixotropic mixture of liquid and solid aluminum contaminated with Fe.
  • a thixotropic aluminum melt which contains a liquid and a solid phase
  • a morphology of solid iron phases that is favorable for the separation process is first created in a residual melt that remains liquid.
  • Liquid components are then separated from solid components by the effect of centrifugal force. A large part of the iron remains in the solid portion, so that the liquid portion has a significantly reduced concentration of iron compared to the initial state.
  • the procedure according to the present invention therefore uses a thixotropic aluminum melt for iron depletion and can therefore also be referred to as thixo or rheo separation.
  • the solid phase is retained and the liquid phase is expelled by applying centrifugal force separated from the solid phase.
  • the present invention therefore does not work due to the density differences of the liquid and solid phases. Rather, the solid phase forms a structure from which the liquid phase is removed by centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is used to overcome the effects of surface tension of the liquid phase, which causes it to remain within the solid phase.
  • the solid phase is formed in a 3-dimensionally networked, in particular sponge-like structure, from which the liquid phase is separated by applying centrifugal force while the solid phase is retained.
  • the solid phase is formed in the form of particles and/or agglomerates, which are supported on one another when the liquid phase is separated, so that the liquid phase is released from the spaces between the particles and/or agglomerates by applying centrifugal force is separated while the solid phase is retained.
  • they can be three-dimensionally shaped particles and/or agglomerates.
  • the solid phase remains in a container or container area in which the aluminum melt is produced.
  • the liquid phase is separated into a second container or container area.
  • the liquid and solid phases are present in two different containers or container areas and can therefore be removed separately without any problem.
  • the solid phase is subsequently removed from the container or container area.
  • a retaining element is used which retains the solid phase while the liquid phase is separated off.
  • the retaining element is a container in which the thixotropic aluminum melt is produced and which has at least one drain opening for the liquid phase.
  • the container has a shape that tapers towards a drain opening.
  • the container has a bottom area surrounding the drain opening.
  • the tapered shape and/or the bottom region can form a retaining element which retains the solid phase when the liquid phase is separated.
  • the container is open on the side opposite the drain opening in order to remove the retained solid phase.
  • the container in which the thixotropic aluminum melt is produced is inserted into a collecting container for separating the liquid phase, in which the liquid phase flowing out of the drain opening of the container is collected.
  • the collecting container has a tapering shape.
  • the thixotropic aluminum melt is produced in a container, the generation of the thixotropic aluminum melt taking place with a first position of the container relative to gravity, wherein in the first position there is a drain opening of the container through which the liquid phase flowing out of the container in the separation step is arranged on an upper side relative to gravity.
  • the container is inserted into a centrifuge for separating the liquid phase from the container with a second position of the container relative to gravity that is changed compared to the first position.
  • the container has a lid, which forms a bottom region of the container when the aluminum melt is produced.
  • the lid can be removed from the container in order to remove the solid phase from the container.
  • the lid is arranged on a side opposite the drain opening of the container, through which the liquid phase flows out of the container during the separation step.
  • the container has a tapering shape starting from the side which is closed by the lid during melting.
  • the liquid phase is separated off via a sieve element whose openings are so small that the aluminum melt does not flow through the openings only due to gravity and without the action of centrifugal force.
  • the openings have a diameter of less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm.
  • the openings have a diameter of more than 0.01 mm, preferably more than 0.1 mm.
  • the size of the holes depends on the size of the centrifugal force used to separate the liquid phase, whereby the size of the holes can be reduced as the centrifugal force increases.
  • the diameter is more preferably between 0.5 mm and 1 mm. This size has proven particularly useful in the event that a centrifugal force between 10 G and 30 G, in particular between 15 G and 25 G, is applied to the melt.
  • the sieve element is inserted into a container in order to separate an upper region, in which the thixotropic aluminum melt is produced, and in which the solid phase is retained during separation, from a lower region for receiving the to separate the liquid phase.
  • the sieve element is removed in order to remove the liquid phase.
  • the liquid phase is preferably removed in the liquid state, ie without it solidifying after separation.
  • the liquid phase can also first be allowed to solidify in the container before it is removed from it.
  • the sieve element can be inserted into the container via an annular insert.
  • a retaining element which retains the solid phase while the liquid phase is separated, is inserted into a collecting container which receives the liquid phase.
  • the collecting container which receives the liquid phase, has a shape that tapers towards its closed end.
  • the solid phase is removed from the container in which the thixotropic aluminum melt was produced after the liquid phase has been separated off and preferably after solidification.
  • the liquid phase is removed after the solid phase and/or the separation element has been removed, preferably in the liquid state.
  • the solid phase and the separating element are therefore first removed from the container, and then the liquid phase, with the liquid phase preferably being removed by pouring the liquid phase out of the container.
  • the retaining element is a further container in which the thixotropic aluminum melt is produced and which has at least one drain opening for the liquid phase.
  • the further container has a shape that tapers towards a drain opening and/or is open on the side opposite the drain opening in order to remove the retained solid phase.
  • the solid phase is removed after the liquid phase has been separated off on a side opposite a drain opening and closed by a lid when the aluminum melt is produced.
  • the retaining element is a sieve element which is inserted into the first container in order to separate an upper region for retaining the solid phase from a lower region for receiving the liquid phase .
  • the solid phase after the liquid phase has been separated off, is placed on an open side of the container, which lies opposite a closed side in which the liquid phase is received, via a sieve element.
  • the container and/or the collecting container and/or the separating element and/or the sieve element has a ceramic coating and/or is made of ceramic.
  • the centrifugal force is generated via a centrifuge in which a container filled with the thixotropic aluminum melt is set in rotation.
  • a centrifugal force of more than 5 G is generated, preferably of more than 10 G.
  • a centrifugal force can be generated in a range between 10 G and 100 G.
  • the thixotropic aluminum melt is produced by cooling a liquid aluminum melt in a controlled manner to a target temperature.
  • the cooling preferably takes place at a rate between 0.1 K/sec and 2 K/sec.
  • the container with the aluminum melt is arranged in a heated area for controlled cooling, in particular above a gas oven.
  • the aluminum melt is kept at the target temperature for a holding time, the holding time preferably being between 1 second and 60 minutes.
  • the holding time is preferably more than 10 seconds. In an alternative embodiment, however, a holding time can also be dispensed with.
  • the liquid aluminum melt has an initial temperature of more than 850 ° C.
  • the target temperature is in a range from 575°C to 655°C.
  • the liquid aluminum melt is filled into a container for controlled cooling, which after cooling is placed in a centrifuge in which the liquid phase is separated.
  • the device comprises a control and actuators which are set up to carry out the method according to the invention, in particular to carry out the method automatically.
  • the control is programmed to carry out a method according to the invention.
  • the control preferably has a microprocessor and a memory in which a program with commands is stored which, when executed on the microprocessor, cause the device to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the device comprises a sieve element and/or a container with a drain opening, which can preferably be inserted into a container for receiving the liquid phase.
  • the device is preferably designed as already described in more detail above.
  • a thixotropic aluminum melt is first produced from the iron-containing aluminum, i.e. H. an aluminum melt with at least one liquid and solid phase.
  • the present invention takes advantage of the fact that solid iron phases initially form in a liquid aluminum melt during cooling from the iron contained in the aluminum melt, so that the iron content in the remaining liquid phase is reduced.
  • solid iron phases initially form in a liquid aluminum melt during cooling from the iron contained in the aluminum melt, so that the iron content in the remaining liquid phase is reduced.
  • the solid phase is retained and the liquid phase is released from the solid phase by the action of centrifugal force on the thixotropic aluminum melt.
  • the solid phase is formed in a three-dimensional structure for this purpose.
  • the solid phase in the thixotropic aluminum melt can be present either in the form of isolated Al-Fe phases, which get caught together during the extraction of the liquid phase and thus form a sponge-like structure, or in the form of a three-dimensionally networked structure, which is already present in the thixotropic Aluminum melt is present in a sponge-like manner.
  • the retained solid phase and the dissolved liquid phase can be removed separately.
  • the solid phase remains in the container or container area in which the thixotropic aluminum melt was produced, while the liquid phase is separated into another container or container area.
  • the two exemplary embodiments differ with regard to the correct procedure and the separation element that retains the solid phase.
  • an extraction crucible 1 is used, in which a sieve 3 is inserted.
  • an annular insert 2 is provided for this purpose, over which the sieve element 3 is arranged in the extraction crucible 1.
  • the sieve element 3 divides the extraction crucible 1 into an upper and lower area.
  • the extraction crucible 1 tapers conically towards its bottom.
  • the extraction crucible 1 in the unfilled state is shown in step a.
  • step b a liquid, iron-containing aluminum melt 4, which preferably has a temperature of over 850 ° C, is poured into the upper region of the extraction crucible 1 above the sieve element 3.
  • the holes in the sieve element 3 are dimensioned so that the aluminum melt does not flow through the sieve element due to gravity alone. Rather, the surface tension of the aluminum melt prevents it from flowing through the holes in the sieve element.
  • the holes preferably have a diameter between 0.5 mm and 1 mm.
  • the sieve element 3 can be designed, for example, as a ceramic element made of solid ceramic or as a ceramic-coated metal plate. In the exemplary embodiment, the holes are coordinated with a process in which a centrifugal force of 20 G is applied. If the centrifugal force is higher, the holes can be made smaller.
  • step c the liquid aluminum melt is cooled in a controlled manner in order to convert it into a thixotropic state.
  • the aluminum melt 5 has both solid and liquid components.
  • the thixotropic melt has an AlFe skeleton or AlFe particles or AlFe agglomerates as a solid phase, in and/or between which the liquid phase, which has a lower iron content, remains.
  • the controlled cooling preferably takes place at a rate of 0.1 to 2 Kelvin/sec. Cooling takes place to a target temperature, which depends on the iron content and the further composition of the initial melt. For example, can the target temperature is between 575 and 655 °C. In an exemplary embodiment, the target temperature may be between 600 and 603 °C. Cooling is preferably carried out in an oven, for example a circulating air oven.
  • the extraction crucible 1 is transferred to a centrifuge to extract the liquid phase.
  • a centrifugal force acts on the thixotropic melt 5 in a direction pointing towards the bottom of the extraction crucible.
  • the liquid phase 7 flows through the openings in the sieve element 3 into the lower container area, while the solid phase 6 is retained and remains in the upper crucible area.
  • both phases are removed separately from the extraction crucible 1 in step e.
  • the solid phase 7 is first removed from the upper container area.
  • the liquid, depleted aluminum phase 7 can also be removed from the lower container area.
  • the liquid depleted aluminum phase 7 is preferably removed from the lower container area while it is still liquid, in particular by pouring it out of the container. Alternatively, the liquid phase could also solidify in the container and be removed in the solidified state.
  • the exemplary embodiment used can also be used if the solid phase 6 does not have a stable structure, since it is supported and retained by the sieve element.
  • the solid phase 6 in the thixotropic aluminum melt is in the form of isolated globular or agglomerated Al-Fe phases, or the three-dimensionally networked, sponge-like structure does not have sufficient strength.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention, which can be used in particular when the solid phase 6 is produced in such a way that it has a stable, self-supporting structure.
  • An extraction crucible 1 with a removable bottom lid 2 is used here, as shown in step a.
  • the extraction crucible 1 tapers conically towards the drain opening 3, with an edge region of the base opposite the base cover 2 surrounding the drain opening 3 in a collar shape.
  • the extraction crucible 1 with the bottom cover 2 attached is arranged so that the drain opening 3 is at the top and the opposite opening closed by the bottom cover 2 is at the bottom.
  • the extraction crucible 1 is now filled with a liquid aluminum melt via the drain opening 3, which in turn preferably has a temperature of more than 850 ° C.
  • the bottom cover 2 therefore forms the bottom of the extraction crucible, while the drain opening 3 serves as an inflow opening.
  • the liquid aluminum melt 4 is now cooled in step c.
  • the cooling takes place in the same way as was already described above with regard to the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the controlled cooling produces a thixotropic melt 5 in the extraction crucible 1.
  • the solid phase preferably forms in the form of a solid sponge of Fe-rich phases, which holds together essentially unchanged during the subsequent centrifugal process.
  • the extraction crucible 1 is now inserted into a collecting container 8 with the drain opening 3 facing down.
  • the collecting container 8 is also conical and dimensioned so that below the extraction opening 3 of the extraction crucible 1 inserted into the collecting container there is a second container area in the collecting container 8 into which the liquid phase of the thixotropic aluminum melt can flow away.
  • the extraction crucible 1 is therefore rotated by 180 ° C, so that the drain opening 3 is on the underside, while the base lid 2 is at the top, thus forming a lid area.
  • the centrifugation then takes place in such a way that the centrifugal forces act from the extraction crucible 1 through the drain opening 3 into the lower region of the collecting container 8.
  • the solid phase 6 is retained in the extraction crucible 1, while the liquid phase flows into the area of the collecting container 8 remaining below the extraction crucible 1 due to the effect of centrifugal force.
  • the extraction crucible 1 is first removed from the collecting container 8 and, after opening the bottom cover 2, the AlFe sponge 6 is removed.
  • the liquid phase 7 with depleted aluminum is removed from the lower area of the collecting container 8.
  • the removal of the liquid depleted aluminum phase 7 from the lower container area is again preferably carried out while it is still liquid, in particular by pouring it out of the container.
  • the liquid phase could also solidify in the container and be removed in the solidified state.
  • the elements used in the two exemplary embodiments which come into contact with the melt i.e. in particular the extraction crucible 1, the insert 2, the sieve element 3 and/or the collecting container 8, preferably have a ceramic coating and/or are made of ceramic.
  • the solid Al-Fe phases produced in the context of the present invention must be such that the liquid Al can be "ejected" in high proportions.
  • the first exemplary embodiment is preferably used; for the sponge solution, the second exemplary embodiment is preferred.
  • Isolated phases can be in the form of globular particles or as sponge agglomerates that are not initially connected. In both cases, these are retained on the filter screen and get caught, but without blocking the flow paths.
  • the sponge solution preferably produces Al-Fe plates that grow together. These form something like a coral structure. The cleaned Al can then flow easily through this without the sponge structure being broken or carried away by the melt.
  • Both exemplary embodiments thus enable an effective depletion of iron from an aluminum melt and thereby make use of the properties of the thixotropic aluminum melt in order to separate the liquid phase from the solid phase.
  • the first exemplary embodiment is preferably used in the depletion of aluminum with an already relatively low iron content of, for example, less than 2% by weight or 1% by weight, e.g. B. for a reduction in the Fe concentration from 0.7 to 0.3% by weight.
  • stable sponges do not form, but rather 3-D skeletons that break during centrifugation or isolated islands with Fe phases. Hence it occurs during centrifugation to a migration of the Fe phases together with the remaining melt.
  • the sieve element retains these solid phases and allows the melt to pass through. A filter cake made of Fe-rich phases is created above the sieve element.
  • the second exemplary embodiment is preferably used in the depletion of aluminum with a higher iron content of, for example, more than 2% by weight, for example with a proportion of 2 to 5% by weight of iron. If the process is carried out appropriately, a solid sponge of Fe-rich phases is formed there, which holds together essentially unchanged even during the centrifugal process, so that a sieve element can be dispensed with.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
EP22190250.5A 2022-08-12 2022-08-12 Procédé d'élimination du fer d'une fusion d'aluminium Pending EP4321638A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22190250.5A EP4321638A1 (fr) 2022-08-12 2022-08-12 Procédé d'élimination du fer d'une fusion d'aluminium

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22190250.5A EP4321638A1 (fr) 2022-08-12 2022-08-12 Procédé d'élimination du fer d'une fusion d'aluminium

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EP4321638A1 true EP4321638A1 (fr) 2024-02-14

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EP22190250.5A Pending EP4321638A1 (fr) 2022-08-12 2022-08-12 Procédé d'élimination du fer d'une fusion d'aluminium

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102069147A (zh) * 2011-01-30 2011-05-25 南昌航空大学 铝合金熔体离心力场多种过滤介质复合过滤方法
CN110819822A (zh) * 2019-09-17 2020-02-21 牛强 一种电热炼铝的装置
CN113621823A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-09 西安交通大学 一种高效蒸馏法制备高纯金属或者合金的方法与装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102069147A (zh) * 2011-01-30 2011-05-25 南昌航空大学 铝合金熔体离心力场多种过滤介质复合过滤方法
CN110819822A (zh) * 2019-09-17 2020-02-21 牛强 一种电热炼铝的装置
CN113621823A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-09 西安交通大学 一种高效蒸馏法制备高纯金属或者合金的方法与装置

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