Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
  • C02F3/342—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the enzymes used
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
  • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
  • C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
  • C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
  • C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
  • C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
  • C12P7/6418—Fatty acids by hydrolysis of fatty acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
  • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
  • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
  • C02F11/123—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using belt or band filters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
  • C02F11/185—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning by pasteurisation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
  • C02F2209/02—Temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
  • C02F2209/44—Time
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for treating a heterogeneous mixture with a view to its recovery. More specifically, the invention relates, for example, to a biological process, such as anaerobic digestion, for separating a heterogeneous mixture containing bio-waste and undesirable materials such as inert materials.
• a biological process such as anaerobic digestion
• the initial mixture comprises in particular a dry material, that is to say a material from which water has been partially extracted.
• dry matter mention may be made of organic matter such as ground fruits or vegetables, ground meat, dairy products, ground agrofood waste, sludge from purification stations.
• This dilution has the major drawback of degrading the quality of the filtered mixture (or filtrate), which corresponds to the mixture from which the undesirable materials are extracted, in particular by reducing the methanogenic potential of the mixture in the case of recovery by methanization. It also has the disadvantage of obtaining a filtrate which has a volume greater than that of the initial mixture which will be treated subsequently. There are also no processes which can be easily deployed industrially and which have a satisfactory yield, that is to say which make it possible to obtain a filtrate containing a very small quantity, or even almost zero, of undesirable matter. .
• undesirable material is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, so-called inert materials such as pieces of glass, pebbles, limestone, metal plastics or any other undesirable materials for the subsequent use of a filtrate.
• One of the aims of the invention is to remedy the shortcomings of currently known treatment or separation processes and in particular to remedy the low filterability of the initial mixtures to be treated.
• the invention relates to a method for treating a mixture, the method comprising the following steps: a) introduction, into a reactor, of an initial mixture comprising dry matter and at least one undesirable matter, the being present in said mixture at a mass concentration of between 5 and 95%, and preferably between 10% and 45% relative to the total weight of the initial mixture, b) addition of an enzymatic reagent in the reactor containing said initial mixture , the enzymatic reagent comprising at least one enzyme at a mass concentration of between 0.01% and 20% by weight, and preferably between 0.05% and 5% relative to the total weight of the dry matter included in the initial mixture , c) bringing the initial mixture and the enzymatic reagent into contact at a temperature of between 10°C and 80°C, and preferably between 40°C and 60°C, for a period of between 5 minutes and 72 hours, and preferably for a period of between 30 minutes and 48 hours, to obtain a liquefied mixture, d) filtration of said liquefied
• the treatment process of the invention which may be similar to a process for separating a mixture, has the advantage of liquefying the initial mixture so as to facilitate its filtration to separate the dry matter from the undesirable material, in particular to effectively extract the undesirable matter, in order for example to be able to subsequently upgrade the filtered mixture (filtrate) comprising dry matter and/or the retentate comprising the undesirable matter which has not passed through the filter means.
• the filtrate may also comprise a portion of undesirable material, that which has passed through the filter means when, for example, at least one of its dimensions is less than the cut-off threshold of the filter means.
• the invention has the advantage of being adaptable both to low-viscous initial mixtures, but also to initial mixtures of viscous fluids such as pasty organic matrices, such as deconditioned bio-waste, sludge from treatment stations. purification treating domestic or industrial wastewater (commonly referred to by the acronym STEP).
• the invention has high filtration efficiency without impairing the quality of the filtrate, that is to say the filtered mixture from which the undesirable materials are extracted, nor that of the retentate (the undesirable material recovered after filtration ). Indeed, during the implementation of the process according to the invention, no dilution is applied, one is therefore freed from superfluous water consumption, and one controls the particle size of the filtrate and of the retentate by the choice of the appropriate filter mesh. It should be noted that with the implementation of such a process, a higher quality of retentate is obtained than that obtained with a mechanical press.
• step c) of bringing the initial mixture and the enzymatic reagent into contact makes it possible to easily fluidify the mixture so that it is more easily filterable later.
• the enzymatic reagent can be in liquid or solid form.
• reactor within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a device in which a chemical reaction takes place.
• step c) the temperature setting of step c) is carried out with one or more known heating means.
• the initial mixture may comprise water, an organic matrix and undesirable material such as plastic, metal, glass, an insoluble mineral material such as pebbles, or even pieces of limestone, etc
• the contacting temperature value can be defined according to the quality of filtration desired, that is to say the purity of the filtrate and/or desired retentate.
• the filtration step can be implemented using a filtration means such as, for example, a rotary sieve.
• the method may also comprise, before step b) of adding an enzymatic reagent, a step of sanitizing the initial mixture.
• a step of sanitizing the initial mixture reduces the pathogens in the mixture, with a view to limiting the proliferation of pathogens in the environment.
• the method may further comprise, between step c) of bringing into contact and step d) of filtration, a step of sanitizing the liquefied mixture. Such a step makes it possible to optimize the energy consumption of the process.
• the method may further comprise, after step d) of filtration, a step of sanitizing the filtered mixture making it possible to optimize energy consumption even more efficiently.
• one or more of said hygienization steps may include the following successive sub-steps:
• said at least one enzyme can be chosen from a hydrolase, in particular from a lipase, a peptidase, an amylase or a cellulase.
• a hydrolase in particular from a lipase, a peptidase, an amylase or a cellulase.
• step c) of bringing into contact can advantageously be carried out with stirring using at least one known stirring means.
• Figure 1 shows a diagram of a system implementing a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the system 10 represented in FIG. 1 makes it possible to implement a method for treating an initial mixture according to one embodiment of the invention.
• this initial mixture comprises a dry matter, for example mechanically dehydrated but comprising a residual water content.
• This dry matter can for example be deconditioned bio-waste.
• This initial mixture further comprises one or more undesirable materials which may be, for example, pebbles, limestone, glass, a mixture of metals, a hard plastic, a textile, a plasticized film.
• the dry matter is present in the initial mixture at a mass concentration of between 5% and 95% relative to the total weight of the initial mixture, for example at a mass concentration approximately equal to 23.4% relative to the total weight. of the initial mixture according to Example A (see below) and at a mass concentration of between 15% and 31% relative to the total weight of the initial mixture for Examples 1 to 9 (see below).
• the initial mixture can be ground to reduce the particle size of the mixture and therefore to optimize the operation of the process.
• the initial mixture is introduced using an introduction means 102, during an introduction step a), into a reactor 104.
• an enzymatic reagent is added to the reactor 104 stored in the enzymatic reagent storage means 106 and which circulates from this enzymatic reagent storage means 106 to the reactor 104 via a pump metering device 108.
• the enzymatic reagent preferably comprises a mixture of hydrolases, in particular a mixture comprising a cellulase, a lipase and an amylase. This mixture of hydrolases is added to the reactor at a mass concentration approximately equal to 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the dry matter included in the initial mixture, but this concentration may be between 0.01% and 20% by weight. weight relative to the total weight of the organic matter included in the initial mixture. It should be noted that to choose enzymatic reagents adapted to the mixtures to be treated, it is preferable to consider the following points:
• the concentration of the enzymatic reagent in the initial mixture can be adjusted according to the efficiency of the enzymatic reagent used.
• a next step c) the initial mixture and the enzymatic reagent are brought into contact, in the reactor 104, at a temperature between 10 and 80° C., preferably between 40° C. and 60° C., by example at a temperature approximately equal to 40° C. according to example A, for a period of between 5 minutes and 72 hours, preferably between 30 minutes and 48 hours, for example for 48 hours according to example A, to obtain a liquefied mixture .
• This temperature setting is for example carried out using heat exchanges engaged for example by the production of hot water in a hot water production means 110, then by the circulation of this hot water in pipes 112 introduced into the reactor 104 and which are capable of being in contact with the mixture comprising the initial mixture and the enzymatic reagent after they have been brought into contact.
• step a) of introduction has been carried out, in an additional step carried out between step b) and step c), it is possible, using a pump recirculation 114, for example, stir the initial mixture introduced beforehand and/or the mixture comprising the initial mixture and the enzymatic reagent after they have been brought into contact.
• step c) of bringing into contact It is also optionally possible to implement a step of sanitizing the liquefied mixture after step c) of bringing into contact and before that which follows.
• step c) Once step c) has been completed, a next step d) of filtration of the liquefied mixture is carried out to separate the undesirable material from the mixture and obtain a filtered mixture.
• a filter means 118 for example a rotary screen which can be placed downstream of a three-way valve 116, having a cut-off threshold between 0.2 mm and 40 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 12 mm, for example approximately equal to 2 mm.
• the filtered mixture and/or the undesirable material recovered after filtration can be stored, with a view to their use in methanization for example, or in composting, etc.
• the retentate can be stored in a first storage element 120, and the filtrate can be stored in a first storage element 122 which then can be extracted via an extraction means 124.
• each of the possible hygienization steps includes the following successive sub-steps:
• Table 1 presents an initial mixture, according to an example A, which passed through the system 10 described above, which was in particular brought into contact with a enzymatic reagent whose composition is presented above, and which made it possible to obtain the filtrate and the retentate also indicated in Table 1 below:
• a retentate which comprises undesirable material having a particle size of less than 2 mm despite the performance of step d) of filtration carried out with a rotating screen having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 2 mm.
• This retentate is explained by the agglomeration, before filtration, of the particles with each other or with particles of larger size.
• this table shows the effectiveness of the process insofar as the filtrate obtained is free of undesirable materials having a particle size greater than 2 mm.
• examples 6 to 9 which follow illustrate the implementation of a method according to the particular embodiment of the invention presented above, whereas examples 1 to 5 are comparative examples thanks to which indeed notes that the use of an enzymatic reagent facilitates the treatment of the initial mixture in particular by fluidizing it.
• the initial mixture comprises organic material of the biowaste type at a mass concentration of approximately equal to 20% and undesirable material whose particles have a dimension equal to or greater than 2 mm at a mass concentration between 0.2 and 2%.
• the treatment method which is then implemented only comprises a filtration step during which the initial mixture is filtered with a filtering means having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 2 mm, for example manually with a suitable sieve. .
• Example 2 is similar to Example 1 except that the initial mixture comprises organic matter at a mass concentration approximately equal to 31% and comprises undesirable matter, such as plastics, glass, metals, at a mass concentration of between 0.2 and 3% and that the filtration step during which the initial mixture is filtered is carried out with a filtering means having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 5 mm, for example manually with a suitable sieve .
• the mixture after dilution comprises organic matter at a mass concentration approximately equal to 14% and undesirable matter at a mass concentration of between 0.2 and 2% and comprising particles whose highest large dimension is equal to or greater than 2 mm.
• the initial mixture before dilution in water comprised organic matter at a mass concentration approximately equal to 20%.
• the mixture is therefore diluted in water to obtain a mass concentration of organic matter approximately equal to 14%, before being filtered with a filtering means having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 2 mm, for example manually with a sieve. adapted.
• Example 4 is similar to Example 3 except that the initial mixture before dilution in water also included organic matter at a mass concentration approximately equal to 20%. The mixture is therefore diluted in water to obtain a mass concentration of organic matter approximately equal to 11.5%, before being filtered with a filtering means having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 2 mm, for example manually with a sieve. adapted
• the initial mixture comprises organic matter at a mass concentration approximately equal to 15% for examples 5 and 8, 21% for example 6 and 23% for example 9, 31% for example 7 and undesirable material at a mass concentration of between 0.2 and 2% for examples 5, 6 and 7, at a mass concentration of between 0.2 and 0.7% for Example 8, at a mass concentration of between 0.2 and 3% for Example 9, the undesirable material comprising particles whose largest dimension is equal to or greater than 2 mm.
• the initial mixture is introduced into the reactor of the particular embodiment described above. Once this introduction step has been carried out, in Examples 6 to 9, the enzymatic reagent is added to the reactor as indicated in the particular embodiment described below, whereas in Example 5, no enzymatic reagent is added. is added.
• examples 6, 8 and 9 the initial mixture and the enzymatic reagent are brought into contact with stirring carried out using a recirculation pump configured to allow the recirculation of the initial mixture in the reactor, whereas in example 5, only the initial mixture introduced is mixed for about 22 hours.
• this recirculation pump can be configured to perform recirculation having a power volume density equal to 20 kW/m 3 .
• this step of bringing the initial mixture and the enzymatic reagent into contact, implemented with stirring is for example carried out at a temperature approximately equal to 55° C. and this for a period approximately equal to 22 hours. for example 6, 46 hours for example 8, 5 hours for example 9, after which the liquefied mixture obtained is filtered with a filtering means having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 2 mm, for example manually with a sieve adapted.
• Example 7 the initial mixture and the enzymatic reagent are stirred using a heated stirring table.
• This step of bringing the initial mixture into contact with the enzymatic reagent, implemented with stirring, is for example carried out at 55° C. and this for a period approximately equal to 48 hours, after which the liquefied mixture obtained is filtered with a filtering means having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 2 mm, for example manually with a suitable sieve.
• Examples 1 and 2 are considered to be control examples. It is noted that the treatment of the initial mixture is ineffective insofar as the separation undesirable matter of organic matter is not produced (the rate of recoverable organic matter only representing a rate less than or equal to 5%).
• Example 3 illustrates the fact that by carrying out a dilution, the separation of the undesirable matter from the organic matter is made possible (the rate of recoverable organic matter being greater than or equal to 40%). However, the associated retentate coefficient is still too high and the recoverable organic matter rate still too low.
• Example 5 Using Example 5, it can be seen that with stirring carried out at a temperature of 55° C., the level of recoverable organic matter increases significantly and that the retentate coefficient decreases slightly compared to the examples. 3 and 4 in particular.
• Example 7 highlights the fact that the use of an enzymatic reagent combined with the implementation of agitation carried out via the use of an agitation table allows, in comparison with Examples 1 and 2, to significantly reduce the retentate coefficient and at the same time to considerably increase the rate of recoverable organic matter.
• Example 9 highlights the fact that the use of an enzymatic reagent at a higher concentration combined with the implementation of agitation for less time allows, in comparison with the example 8, to have a suitable retentate coefficient and an acceptable level of recoverable organic matter.

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• 2021
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