EP4306678A1 - Method for producing a black and self-healing workpiece having a precious metal substrate, and workpiece obtained - Google Patents
Method for producing a black and self-healing workpiece having a precious metal substrate, and workpiece obtained Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4306678A1 EP4306678A1 EP23185064.5A EP23185064A EP4306678A1 EP 4306678 A1 EP4306678 A1 EP 4306678A1 EP 23185064 A EP23185064 A EP 23185064A EP 4306678 A1 EP4306678 A1 EP 4306678A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- patina
- copper
- gold
- anhydrous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 241001311547 Patina Species 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu].[Cu] LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000892 gravimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005733 Raphanus sativus var niger Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001636 atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000005049 Prunus salicina Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000155437 Raphanus sativus var. niger Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001970 Raphanus sativus var. sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper gold Chemical compound [Cu].[Au] QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000961 corinthian bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000469 dry deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009018 li Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000769 shakudō Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/58—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/52—Treatment of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
- C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
- C23C18/1216—Metal oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a black-appearing, self-healing part having a precious metal substrate.
- black bronzes is then found in other civilizations (Roman, Saxon, Chinese (Wu-tong), as well as in Japan, in the Middle Ages.
- the “Niiro” coatings have a “purple” black. Furthermore, they are traditionally made using a Japanese radish (for example daikon) to prepare the surface and with the addition of traditional Japanese plum vinegar in the patina solution which is difficult to compatible with a industrial production.
- a Japanese radish for example daikon
- a black coating for example by dry deposition such as PVD (“physical vapor deposition”) or DLC (“diamond like carbon”), or again by application of a lacquer.
- dry deposition such as PVD (“physical vapor deposition”) or DLC (“diamond like carbon”)
- such a coating generally causes an adhesion problem, in particular on a relatively ductile substrate, which leads to chipping and/or delamination of the coating, particularly in the event of an impact.
- An objective is to provide an alloy with a black appearance, at least on the surface, or even if possible a deep black, overcoming at least in part the aforementioned drawbacks.
- a precious metal here means an alloy comprising at least one of gold, silver or platinum. Here, it is more particularly a gold-based alloy.
- Such a process thus makes it possible to produce a part with a black appearance having self-repairing properties.
- the black of the patina obtained after application of such a patina bath is for example characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 50, more particularly between 30 and 50, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -8 and 1.
- the contents can be measured by any method.
- the gold content is measured by ICP-AES (atomic emission spectrometry - inductively coupled plasma), for example after dissolution in aqua regia (i.e. a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, for example respectively in proportion 1:3), or by gravimetry (i.e. by attack of an alloy with nitric acid and weighing of the insolubles which are recovered on a filter which is weighed).
- ICP-AES atomic emission spectrometry - inductively coupled plasma
- the measured content values can vary up to 10% for example, and sometimes even more.
- the method comprises a step of forming the substrate alloy.
- the step of forming the substrate alloy comprises a step of mixing, in proportions, of at least 45 g to 55 g, for example 50 g, of gold (Au) with between 800 g and 1200 g, for example 1000 g, of pure copper (Cu).
- the mixing step is configured to produce an alloy comprising between 4.5% and 4.8%, for example 4.76%, of gold (by mass).
- the gold content obtained is for example 4.57wt.% when measured by ICP-AES and 4.66% when measured by gravimetry.
- the method comprises a step of forming the substrate on a base.
- the base is made of stainless steel, aluminum, bronze or brass or other, of any desired geometry or dimension.
- the step of forming the substrate comprises a step of galvanic deposition or by spraying the alloy onto the base, in particular by techniques such as Cold Spray or Arc Spray. (arc projection).
- This step is for example configured to form a thickness of the substrate of at least 100 ⁇ m.
- the proportions given for the step of preparing a patina bath are for example for one liter of water, in particular distilled or permuted water.
- the method comprises, prior to the step of applying the patina bath, a step of stripping, also called stripping, of the upper surface of the substrate.
- the stripping step is for example configured to remove a possible oxide layer on the surface of the substrate.
- the stripping step is for example carried out with a solution of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) at a content between 0.5% and 10% diluted in water (H 2 O).
- H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid
- the process can optionally include a degreasing step, for example by a solvent, or by ultrasound, for example in the presence of a surfactant.
- a degreasing step for example by a solvent, or by ultrasound, for example in the presence of a surfactant.
- the method comprises a step of rinsing the substrate, for example rinsing with water; this step is for example implemented after the stripping step.
- the step of applying the patina bath comprises a step of immersing the substrate in the patina bath.
- the immersion stage has a duration of between 45 minutes and 120 minutes, for example 60 minutes.
- the patina bath has a temperature between 80°C and 100°C.
- the process may include a drying step, for example in the open air, and/or in an oven.
- the process may possibly include a step of polishing the patina.
- the process can also include a finishing step.
- the finishing step may include a step of applying a non-volatile organic substance, for example a protection, for example an organic material, such as for example a gum arabic, a wax, a resin or other .
- This non-volatile organic substance by impregnating it, allows the patina to go from an overall anthracite-looking patina to a deeper black.
- the finish thus helps to provide a deep black appearance to the room.
- This deeper black obtained after finishing can be characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 40, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -4 and 1.
- the finishing step is, for example, also configured to protect the patina and/or provide it with a glossy, satin or matte finish.
- the finish application step can for example be carried out by dipping, spraying, dabbing, application with a cloth or brush.
- the substrate addition element has a content of between 0% and 1%, or even between 0% and 0.01%.
- the substrate addition element comprises at least one of: silver (Ag); arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), or tin (Sn).
- the silver content is for example less than 1%, for example between 0% and 1%.
- the substrate alloy comprises 95.24% copper (Cu) and 4.76% gold (Au), particularly when the gold content is measured by ICP-AES. Such an alloy is then devoid of addition element (which corresponds to a content of 0%).
- the patina further comprises at least one element in trace form, for example at a content of between 0% and 0.01%.
- the element in trace form comprises for example at least one of: carbon, oxygen, chlorine, potassium, calcium, or iron.
- the patina has a gold content of between 5% and 15%, for example 13%.
- the gold content in the patina is for example measured by EDX.
- the part according to an implementation example thus presents a “deep black”.
- the black of the patina obtained after application of such a patina bath is for example characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 50, more particularly between 30 and 50, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -8 and 1.
- this black can be characterized in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” comprised more particularly between approximately 10 and 40, a value of “a” comprised approximately between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” approximately between -4 and 1.
- the total is 100%.
- Gold content can be measured by any method; preferably, it is measured by ICP-AES (atomic emission spectrometry - inductively coupled plasma), for example after dissolution in aqua regia (i.e. a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, for example respectively in proportion 1: 3), or by gravimetry (i.e. by attacking an alloy with nitric acid and weighing the insolubles which are recovered on a filter which is weighed; here, only gold is insoluble).
- ICP-AES atomic emission spectrometry - inductively coupled plasma
- the measured content values can vary up to 10% for example, and sometimes even more.
- the process may include a step of forming the alloy of the substrate comprising a step of mixing at least 45 g to 55 g, for example 50 g, of gold (Au) with between 800 g and 1200 g, for example 1000 g, of pure copper (Cu).
- a step of forming the alloy of the substrate comprising a step of mixing at least 45 g to 55 g, for example 50 g, of gold (Au) with between 800 g and 1200 g, for example 1000 g, of pure copper (Cu).
- the mixing step is for example configured to produce an alloy comprising between 4.5% and 4.8%, for example 4.76%, of gold (by mass).
- the gold content obtained is for example 4.57wt.% when measured by ICP-AES and 4.66% when measured by gravimetry.
- the substrate 10 is formed of an alloy comprising 95.24% copper (Cu) and 4.76% gold (Au).
- the alloy does not have any addition element; but it could nevertheless contain at least one, preferably in a content between 0% and 4%.
- Such a substrate 10 is for example represented figure 1 .
- This is for example a substrate configured to form a ring.
- the substrate having a surface 11, called upper surface 11, to which a patina 20, described below, is subsequently applied.
- the substrate preferably has a thickness of at least 100 ⁇ m from the upper surface 11.
- a thickness of at least 100 ⁇ m of the substrate makes it possible to better guarantee sufficient depth for anchoring the patina 20.
- the substrate 10 is here formed of a curved armature, for example a curved wire with a circular or truncated circular section, here having a diameter 12 of approximately 3 mm.
- the substrate here is a massive element.
- the substrate could be a coating layer (in the aforementioned copper-gold alloy), at least 100 ⁇ m thick, applied to a base of another material, for example stainless steel, aluminum, bronze or brass. or other, of any desired geometry or dimension.
- the method can for example include a step of forming the substrate comprising a step of galvanic deposition or by projection on the base, in particular by techniques such as Cold Spray or Arc Spray, of the alloy as described previously, this step being configured to form a substrate thickness of at least 100 ⁇ m.
- the method according to an example of implementation of the invention also comprises a step of preparing a patina bath 21.
- distilled or permutated water is heated to 90°C (+/-10°C).
- the copper acetate and half of the copper sulfate i.e. 5 g are added to the distilled or permutated water.
- This first mixture is stirred for one hour, then one gram (1 g) of salt is added as well as the rest of copper sulfate (i.e. 5 g).
- This second mixture is then stirred for about an hour as well.
- the method then includes a step of applying the patina bath 21 to the upper surface 11 of the substrate 10.
- the process includes for example a step of stripping, also called stripping, of the upper surface 11 of the substrate.
- the stripping step is for example configured to remove a possible oxide layer on the surface 11 of the substrate.
- the stripping step is for example carried out with a solution of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) at a content between 0.5% and 10% diluted in water (H 2 O).
- H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid
- the process can optionally include a degreasing step, for example by a solvent, or by ultrasound, for example in the presence of a surfactant.
- a degreasing step for example by a solvent, or by ultrasound, for example in the presence of a surfactant.
- the process can optionally include a step of rinsing the substrate, for example rinsing with water.
- the substrate 10 is for example immersed in the patina bath 21, as illustrated figure 2 .
- the patina bath 21 is for example brought to a temperature between 80°C and 100°C.
- the substrate 10 is immersed in the patina bath 21 for a period of between 45 minutes and 120 minutes, for example 60 minutes.
- the process may include a drying step, for example in the open air, and/or in an oven.
- the process may possibly include a polishing step.
- the process can also include a finishing step.
- the finishing step may include a step of applying a protection, for example an organic material, such as a gum arabic, a wax, a resin or the like.
- This organic, non-volatile substance can possibly intensify the black of the patina.
- the black of the patina obtained after application of such a patina bath is for example characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 50, more particularly between 30 and 50, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -8 and 1.
- this black can be characterized in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” comprised more particularly between approximately 10 and 40, a value of “a” comprised approximately between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” approximately between -4 and 1.
- the finish thus helps to provide a deep black appearance to the room.
- the finishing step is, for example, configured to protect the patina and/or provide it with a glossy, satin or matte finish.
- the finish application step can for example be carried out by dipping, spraying, dabbing, application with a cloth or brush.
- Cuprite is naturally red, but it appears that such a patina leads to a black tint thanks to the presence of gold (and/or silver) coming from the substrate.
- Such a part 30 thus presents a “deep black”.
- the black of the patina obtained after application of such a patina bath is for example characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 50, more particularly between 30 and 50, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -8 and 1.
- this black can be characterized in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” comprised more particularly between approximately 10 and 40, a value of “a” comprised approximately between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” approximately between -4 and 1.
- Such a part 30 also has a self-repairing property.
- the part 30 has been scratched to damage the apparent surface of the part 30 and form a “cut” 31.
- the cut 31 After exposure to open air and/or light, natural or artificial, for example for a few days or even a few weeks, the cut 31 has attenuated and forms a trace 32, illustrated figure 4B) .
- the patina 20 may optionally comprise at least one of: carbon, oxygen, chlorine, potassium, calcium, or even iron.
- the patina is for example present between 0% and 0.01% of the patina, i.e. at most in the form of a trace, but ideally, the patina is devoid of it. More generally, if the substrate includes an addition element, the addition element has a content of between 0% and 1%, or even between 0% and 0.01%.
- the addition element comprises for example at least one of: silver (Ag), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), or even tin (Sn).
- the spectrum has peaks that represent primarily copper and gold, as well as carbon and oxygen.
- patina 20 is therefore enriched in gold.
- the relatively low presence of carbon in the present example can be explained for example by the use of gum arabic for a finishing step of the part 30, and/or by pollution.
- the spectral resolution is in a range between 9 cm -1 and 15 cm -1 .
- patina 20 is mainly made up of cuprite.
- the invention thus makes it possible to provide a precious metal part with a black and self-healing appearance.
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Abstract
Procédé de réalisation d'une pièce comportant un substrat en métal précieux, comportant : une étape de fourniture du substrat en un alliage comportant entre 94% et 99.5% de cuivre (Cu), entre 0.5% et 6% d'or (Au), et entre 0% et 4% d'au moins un élément d'addition, le substrat présentant une surface, dite surface supérieure, et ayant une épaisseur d'au moins 100 µm à partir de la surface supérieure ; et une étape de préparation d'un bain de patine à partir d'un mélange comportant au moins : entre 3 g et 10 g d'acétate de cuivre (Cu(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>), anhydre ou hydraté, entre 3 g et 20 g de sulfate de cuivre (CuSOa), anhydre ou hydraté, et entre 0.5 g et 2 g de sel (NaCl) ; puis une étape d'application du bain de patine sur la surface supérieure du substrat. Pièce obtenue par un tel procédé.Process for producing a part comprising a precious metal substrate, comprising: a step of supplying the substrate in an alloy comprising between 94% and 99.5% copper (Cu), between 0.5% and 6% gold (Au) , and between 0% and 4% of at least one addition element, the substrate having a surface, called the upper surface, and having a thickness of at least 100 µm from the upper surface; and a step of preparing a patina bath from a mixture comprising at least: between 3 g and 10 g of copper acetate (Cu(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2 </sub>), anhydrous or hydrated, between 3 g and 20 g of copper sulfate (CuSOa), anhydrous or hydrated, and between 0.5 g and 2 g of salt (NaCl); then a step of applying the patina bath to the upper surface of the substrate. Part obtained by such a process.
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé de réalisation d'une pièce d'apparence noire et auto-cicatrisante ayant un substrat en métal précieux.The invention relates to a method for producing a black-appearing, self-healing part having a precious metal substrate.
Elle concerne également une pièce obtenue par un tel procédé.It also relates to a part obtained by such a process.
Des alliages d'apparence noire apparaissent environ 2000 ans av. J.-C.Black-looking alloys appear around 2000 BC. AD
Les bronzes noirs à l'or remontent à l'époque Egyptienne (1er millénaire av. J.C.) puis à l'époque romaine où l'on parle de bronzes de Corinthe (bien que cette appellation regroupe différents alliages), ou bronzes à l'or, qui ont notamment pour avantage d'être à la fois noirs, via une patine, et semi précieux du fait de la présence d'or.Black bronzes with gold date back to the Egyptian era ( 1st millennium BC) then to the Roman era when we speak of Corinthian bronzes (although this name brings together different alloys), or bronzes with gold. gold, which have the particular advantage of being both black, with a patina, and semi-precious due to the presence of gold.
Le terme « bronzes noirs » se retrouvent ensuite dans d'autres civilisations (romaines, saxone, chinoise (Wu-tong), ainsi qu'au Japon, au moyen-àge.The term “black bronzes” is then found in other civilizations (Roman, Saxon, Chinese (Wu-tong), as well as in Japan, in the Middle Ages.
Un alliage de ce type est encore présent de nos jours dans un alliage japonais désigné « Shakudo ».An alloy of this type is still present today in a Japanese alloy called “Shakudo”.
Pour former une surface noire sur cet alliage, il existe une technique de revêtements appelés « Niiro ».To form a black surface on this alloy, there is a coating technique called “Niiro”.
Toutefois, les revêtements « Niiro » présentent un noir « pourpré ». Par ailleurs, ils sont traditionnellement réalisés en utilisant un radis japonais (par exemple du daïkon) pour préparer la surface et avec une addition de vinaigre de prune traditionnel japonais (« plum vinegar ») dans la solution de patine ce qui est difficilement compatible avec une réalisation industrielle.However, the “Niiro” coatings have a “purple” black. Furthermore, they are traditionally made using a Japanese radish (for example daikon) to prepare the surface and with the addition of traditional Japanese plum vinegar in the patina solution which is difficult to compatible with a industrial production.
Il est aussi possible de former un revêtement noir, par exemple par dépôt par voie sèche type PVD (« physical vapor déposition » pour dépôt physique en phase vapeur) ou DLC (« diamond like carbon », carbone sous forme de diamant amorphe), ou encore par application d'une laque.It is also possible to form a black coating, for example by dry deposition such as PVD (“physical vapor deposition”) or DLC (“diamond like carbon”), or again by application of a lacquer.
Cependant, un tel revêtement engendre généralement un problème d'adhérence, en particulier sur un substrat relativement ductile, ce qui entraine un écaillage, et/ou un délaminage du revêtement, notamment en cas de choc.However, such a coating generally causes an adhesion problem, in particular on a relatively ductile substrate, which leads to chipping and/or delamination of the coating, particularly in the event of an impact.
En outre, en cas de rayure, il est très difficile, voire impossible de réparer la surface endommagée, surtout suite à une application d'une laque.Furthermore, in the event of a scratch, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to repair the damaged surface, especially following the application of a lacquer.
Un objectif est de proposer un alliage d'apparence noire, au moins en surface, voire si possible d'un noir profond, surmontant au moins en partie les inconvénients précités.An objective is to provide an alloy with a black appearance, at least on the surface, or even if possible a deep black, overcoming at least in part the aforementioned drawbacks.
A cet effet, est proposé, un procédé de réalisation d'une pièce comportant un substrat en métal précieux, le procédé comportant :
- Une étape de fourniture du substrat en un alliage comportant (les pourcentages s'entendent en pourcentage massique, aussi notés wt.%) :
- Entre 94% et 99.5% de cuivre (Cu),
- Entre 0.5% et 6% d'or (Au),
- Entre 0% et 4% d'au moins un élément d'addition,
- Le total faisant 100% ;
- Le substrat présentant une surface, dite surface supérieure, et ayant une épaisseur d'au moins 100 µm à partir de la surface supérieure ;
- Une étape de préparation d'un bain de patine à partir d'un mélange comportant, en proportions, au moins :
- Entre 3 g et 10 g d'acétate de cuivre (Cu(CH3COO)2), anhydre ou hydraté,
- Entre 3 g et 20 g de sulfate de cuivre (CuSOa), anhydre ou hydraté, et
- Entre 0.5 g et 2 g de sel (NaCl) ; puis
- Une étape d'application du bain de patine sur la surface supérieure du substrat.
- A step of supplying the substrate in an alloy comprising (the percentages are understood as mass percentage, also noted wt.%):
- Between 94% and 99.5% copper (Cu),
- Between 0.5% and 6% gold (Au),
- Between 0% and 4% of at least one addition element,
- The total being 100%;
- The substrate having a surface, called the upper surface, and having a thickness of at least 100 µm from the upper surface;
- A step of preparing a patina bath from a mixture comprising, in proportions, at least:
- Between 3 g and 10 g of copper acetate (Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ), anhydrous or hydrated,
- Between 3 g and 20 g of copper sulfate (CuSOa), anhydrous or hydrated, and
- Between 0.5 g and 2 g of salt (NaCl); Then
- A step of applying the patina bath to the upper surface of the substrate.
Un métal précieux désigne ici un alliage comportant au moins l'un parmi de l'or, de l'argent ou du platine. Ici, il s'agit plus particulièrement d'un alliage à base d'or.A precious metal here means an alloy comprising at least one of gold, silver or platinum. Here, it is more particularly a gold-based alloy.
Un tel procédé permet ainsi de réaliser une pièce d'apparence noire présentant des propriétés d'auto-réparation.Such a process thus makes it possible to produce a part with a black appearance having self-repairing properties.
En surface de la pièce, le noir de la patine obtenue après application d'un tel bain de patine est par exemple caractérisé par colorimétrie dans l'espace de couleur L*a*b* CIE 1976 avec une valeur de « L » comprise entre 10 et 50, plus particulièrement entre 30 et 50, une valeur de « a » comprise entre -1.5 et 1 ; et une valeur de « b » comprise entre -8 et 1.On the surface of the part, the black of the patina obtained after application of such a patina bath is for example characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 50, more particularly between 30 and 50, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -8 and 1.
Il est apparu que les couleurs rendues par une patine vont de noir « marron » (lorsqu'une teneur en or du substrat tend vers environ 0.5 wt.% (Au)) à noir « bleu/noir » (lorsqu'une teneur en or du substrat tend vers environ 5-6 wt.% (Au)).It appeared that the colors rendered by a patina range from black “brown” (when a gold content of the substrate tends towards approximately 0.5 wt.% (Au)) to black “blue/black” (when a gold content of the substrate tends towards around 5-6 wt.% (Au)).
Cependant, plus la teneur en or augmente, plus le noir apparait « profond », mais en revanche, il est apparu que plus la teneur en or augmente, par exemple à des teneurs en or supérieure, par exemple de 7.5%, plus la patine est difficile à obtenir et perd en densité.However, the more the gold content increases, the “deeper” the black appears, but on the other hand, it appeared that the more the gold content increases, for example at higher gold contents, for example 7.5%, the greater the patina. is difficult to obtain and loses density.
Les teneurs peuvent être mesurées par toute méthode.The contents can be measured by any method.
Selon un exemple privilégié, la teneur en or est mesurée par ICP-AES (spectrométrie d'émission atomique - plasma à couplage inductif), par exemple après dissolution dans une eau régale (i.e. un mélange acide nitrique et d'acide chlorhydrique, par exemple respectivement en proportion 1:3), ou par gravimétrie (i.e. par attaque d'un alliage à l'acide nitrique et pesée des insolubles qui sont récupérés sur un filtre qui est pesé).According to a preferred example, the gold content is measured by ICP-AES (atomic emission spectrometry - inductively coupled plasma), for example after dissolution in aqua regia (i.e. a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, for example respectively in proportion 1:3), or by gravimetry (i.e. by attack of an alloy with nitric acid and weighing of the insolubles which are recovered on a filter which is weighed).
En fonction de la méthode de mesure utilisée, les valeurs de teneurs mesurées peuvent varier jusqu'à 10 % par exemple, même parfois davantage.Depending on the measurement method used, the measured content values can vary up to 10% for example, and sometimes even more.
Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre, le procédé comporte une étape de formation de l'alliage du substrat.According to an example of implementation, the method comprises a step of forming the substrate alloy.
Par exemple, l'étape de formation de l'alliage du substrat comporte une étape de mélange, en proportions, d'au moins de 45 g à 55 g, par exemple 50 g, d'or (Au) avec entre 800 g et 1200 g, par exemple 1000 g, de cuivre (Cu) pur.For example, the step of forming the substrate alloy comprises a step of mixing, in proportions, of at least 45 g to 55 g, for example 50 g, of gold (Au) with between 800 g and 1200 g, for example 1000 g, of pure copper (Cu).
Pour un exemple de mise en oeuvre particulier, l'étape de mélange est configurée pour produire un alliage comportant entre 4.5% et 4.8%, par exemple de 4,76%, d'or (en masse). La teneur en or obtenue est par exemple de 4,57wt.% lorsqu'elle est mesurée par ICP-AES et 4,66% lorsqu'elle est mesurée par gravimétrie. Ces différences entre la valeur théorique visée (i.e. 4.76%) et les valeurs mesurées sont dues aux incertitudes de mesures liées à chaque méthode de mesure, comme indiqué ci-dessus.For a particular example of implementation, the mixing step is configured to produce an alloy comprising between 4.5% and 4.8%, for example 4.76%, of gold (by mass). The gold content obtained is for example 4.57wt.% when measured by ICP-AES and 4.66% when measured by gravimetry. These differences between the theoretical target value (i.e. 4.76%) and the measured values are due to the measurement uncertainties linked to each measurement method, as indicated above.
Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre, le procédé comporte une étape de formation du substrat sur une base.According to an example of implementation, the method comprises a step of forming the substrate on a base.
Par exemple, la base est en inox, aluminium, bronze ou laiton ou autre, de toute géométrie ou dimension souhaitée.For example, the base is made of stainless steel, aluminum, bronze or brass or other, of any desired geometry or dimension.
Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre, l'étape de formation du substrat comporte une étape de dépôt galvanique ou par projection de l'alliage sur la base, notamment par des techniques comme le Cold Spray (projection à froid) ou l'Arc Spray (projection à l'arc).According to an example of implementation, the step of forming the substrate comprises a step of galvanic deposition or by spraying the alloy onto the base, in particular by techniques such as Cold Spray or Arc Spray. (arc projection).
Cette étape est par exemple configurée pour former une épaisseur du substrat d'au moins 100 µm.This step is for example configured to form a thickness of the substrate of at least 100 μm.
Les proportions données pour l'étape de préparation d'un bain de patine sont par exemple pour un litre d'eau, notamment d'eau distillée ou permutée.The proportions given for the step of preparing a patina bath are for example for one liter of water, in particular distilled or permuted water.
Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre, l'étape de préparation d'un bain de patine comporte, en proportions :
- Une étape de chauffage d'un litre d'eau distillée ou permutée à une température comprise entre 80°C et 100°C ;
- Une étape d'ajout de 3 g à 10 g d'acétate de cuivre, anhydre ou hydraté, par exemple 4.82 g d'acétate de cuivre anhydre (Cu(CH3COO)2) ou 5.3 g d'acétate de cuivre monohydraté (Cu(CH3COO)2, H2O), et
- de 3 g à 10 g de sulfate de cuivre, anhydre ou hydraté, par exemple 3.19 g de sulfate de cuivre anhydre (CuSO4) ou 5 g de sulfate de cuivre pentahydraté (CuSOa, 5H2O), dans l'eau chauffée, produisant un premier mélange ;
- Une étape d'agitation pendant une durée comprise entre 30 minutes et 90 minutes du premier mélange ; puis
- Une étape d'ajout de 0.5 g à 2 g, par exemple 1 g, de sel (NaCl), dans le premier mélange ;
- Une étape d'ajout de 3 g à 10 g de sulfate de cuivre, anhydre ou hydraté, par exemple 3.19 g de sulfate de cuivre anhydre (CuSO4) ou 5 g de sulfate de cuivre pentahydraté (CuSO4, 5H2O) dans le premier mélange, produisant un deuxième mélange ; puis
- Une étape d'agitation du deuxième mélange pendant une durée comprise entre 30 minutes et 90 minutes, produisant le bain de patine.
- A step of heating one liter of distilled or permutated water to a temperature between 80°C and 100°C;
- A step of adding 3 g to 10 g of copper acetate, anhydrous or hydrated, for example 4.82 g of anhydrous copper acetate (Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ) or 5.3 g of monohydrated copper acetate ( Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 , H 2 O), and
- from 3 g to 10 g of copper sulfate, anhydrous or hydrated, for example 3.19 g of anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ) or 5 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSOa, 5H 2 O), in heated water, producing a first mixture;
- A stirring step for a period of between 30 minutes and 90 minutes of the first mixture; Then
- A step of adding 0.5 g to 2 g, for example 1 g, of salt (NaCl), in the first mixture;
- A step of adding 3 g to 10 g of copper sulfate, anhydrous or hydrated, for example 3.19 g of anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ) or 5 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 , 5H 2 O) in the first mixture, producing a second mixture; Then
- A step of stirring the second mixture for a period of between 30 minutes and 90 minutes, producing the patina bath.
Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre, le procédé comporte, préalablement à l'étape d'application du bain de patine, une étape de décapage, aussi appelée dérochage, de la surface supérieure du substrat.According to an example of implementation, the method comprises, prior to the step of applying the patina bath, a step of stripping, also called stripping, of the upper surface of the substrate.
L'étape de décapage est par exemple configurée pour retirer une éventuelle couche d'oxyde en surface du substrat.The stripping step is for example configured to remove a possible oxide layer on the surface of the substrate.
L'étape de décapage est par exemple réalisée avec une solution d'acide sulfurique (H2SO4) à une teneur comprise entre 0.5% et 10% diluée dans de l'eau (H2O).The stripping step is for example carried out with a solution of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) at a content between 0.5% and 10% diluted in water (H 2 O).
Avant l'étape de décapage, le procédé peut optionnellement comporter une étape de dégraissage, par exemple par un solvant, ou par ultrasons, par exemple en présence d'un tensioactif.Before the stripping step, the process can optionally include a degreasing step, for example by a solvent, or by ultrasound, for example in the presence of a surfactant.
Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre, le procédé comporte une étape de rinçage du substrat, par exemple de rinçage à l'eau ; cette étape est par exemple mise en oeuvre après l'étape de décapage.According to an example of implementation, the method comprises a step of rinsing the substrate, for example rinsing with water; this step is for example implemented after the stripping step.
Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre, l'étape d'application du bain de patine comporte une étape d'immersion du substrat dans le bain de patine.According to an example of implementation, the step of applying the patina bath comprises a step of immersing the substrate in the patina bath.
Par exemple, l'étape d'immersion a une durée comprise entre 45 minutes et 120 minutes, par exemple 60 minutes.For example, the immersion stage has a duration of between 45 minutes and 120 minutes, for example 60 minutes.
Par exemple, le bain de patine a une température comprise entre de 80°C et 100°C.For example, the patina bath has a temperature between 80°C and 100°C.
Une fois la patine obtenue, le procédé peut comporter une étape de séchage, par exemple à l'air libre, et/ou en étuve.Once the patina has been obtained, the process may include a drying step, for example in the open air, and/or in an oven.
Une fois la patine sèche, le procédé peut éventuellement comporter une étape de polissage de la patine.Once the patina has dried, the process may possibly include a step of polishing the patina.
Selon une option intéressante, le procédé peut aussi comporter une étape de finition. Par exemple, l'étape de finition peut comporter une étape d'application d'une substance organique non volatile, par exemple d'une protection, par exemple une matière organique, comme par exemple une gomme arabique, une cire, une résine ou autre.According to an interesting option, the process can also include a finishing step. For example, the finishing step may include a step of applying a non-volatile organic substance, for example a protection, for example an organic material, such as for example a gum arabic, a wax, a resin or other .
Cette substance organique non volatile, en imprégnant, la patine permet de passer d'une patine d'apparence globalement anthracite à un noir plus profond. La finition contribue ainsi à procurer un aspect noir profond à la pièce.This non-volatile organic substance, by impregnating it, allows the patina to go from an overall anthracite-looking patina to a deeper black. The finish thus helps to provide a deep black appearance to the room.
Ce noir plus profond obtenu après finition peut être caractérisé par colorimétrie dans l'espace de couleur L*a*b* CIE 1976 avec une valeur de « L » comprise entre 10 et 40, une valeur de « a » comprise entre -1.5 et 1 ; et une valeur de « b » comprise entre -4 et 1.This deeper black obtained after finishing can be characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 40, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -4 and 1.
L'étape de finition est par exemple également configurée pour protéger la patine et/ou lui procurer un fini brillant, satiné ou mat.The finishing step is, for example, also configured to protect the patina and/or provide it with a glossy, satin or matte finish.
L'étape d'application de la finition peut par exemple être réalisée par trempage, pulvérisation, tamponnage, application au chiffon ou au pinceau.The finish application step can for example be carried out by dipping, spraying, dabbing, application with a cloth or brush.
Est également proposée, selon un autre aspect de l'invention, une pièce obtenue par un procédé tel que décrit précédemmentAlso proposed, according to another aspect of the invention, is a part obtained by a process as described previously
Selon un exemple de réalisation, la pièce comporte :
- Au moins un substrat en un alliage comportant au moins :
- Entre 94% et 99.5% de cuivre (Cu),
- Entre 0.5% et 6% d'or (Au),
- Entre 0% et 4% d'au moins un élément d'addition,
- L e total faisant 100% ;
- L e substrat présentant une surface, dite surface supérieure, et ayant une épaisseur d'au moins 100 µm à partir de la surface supérieure ; et
- Et une patine appliquée sur la surface supérieure du substrat, la patine ayant une épaisseur d'au moins 5 µm, par exemple comprise
entre 5 et 30 µm, et la patine comportant au moins :- un oxyde de cuivre, par exemple sous forme de cuprite (Cu2O), et
- de l'or (Au).
- At least one substrate made of an alloy comprising at least:
- Between 94% and 99.5% copper (Cu),
- Between 0.5% and 6% gold (Au),
- Between 0% and 4% of at least one addition element,
- The total is 100%;
- The substrate having a surface, called the upper surface, and having a thickness of at least 100 µm from the upper surface; And
- And a patina applied to the upper surface of the substrate, the patina having a thickness of at least 5 µm, for example between 5 and 30 µm, and the patina comprising at least:
- a copper oxide, for example in the form of cuprite (Cu 2 O), and
- gold (Au).
Selon un exemple de réalisation, l'élément d'addition du substrat a une teneur comprise entre 0% et 1 %, voire entre 0% et 0.01%.According to an exemplary embodiment, the substrate addition element has a content of between 0% and 1%, or even between 0% and 0.01%.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, l'élément d'addition du substrat comporte au moins l'un parmi : de l'argent (Ag) ; de l'arsenic (As), du zinc (Zn), du plomb (Pb), du fer (Fe), ou de l'étain (Sn).According to an exemplary embodiment, the substrate addition element comprises at least one of: silver (Ag); arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), or tin (Sn).
Le cas échéant, la teneur en argent est par exemple inférieure à 1%, par exemple comprise en 0% et 1%.Where applicable, the silver content is for example less than 1%, for example between 0% and 1%.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, l'alliage du substrat comporte 95.24% de cuivre (Cu) et 4.76% d'or (Au), notamment lorsque la teneur en or est mesurée par ICP-AES. Un tel alliage est alors dépourvu d'élément d'addition (ce qui correspond à une teneur de 0%).According to an exemplary embodiment, the substrate alloy comprises 95.24% copper (Cu) and 4.76% gold (Au), particularly when the gold content is measured by ICP-AES. Such an alloy is then devoid of addition element (which corresponds to a content of 0%).
Selon un exemple de réalisation, la patine comporte en outre au moins un élément sous forme de trace, par exemple à une teneur comprise entre 0% et 0.01%. L'élément sous forme de trace comporte par exemple au moins l'un parmi : du carbone, de l'oxygène, du chlore, du potassium, du calcium, ou du fer.According to an exemplary embodiment, the patina further comprises at least one element in trace form, for example at a content of between 0% and 0.01%. The element in trace form comprises for example at least one of: carbon, oxygen, chlorine, potassium, calcium, or iron.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, la patine comporte une teneur en or comprise en 5% et 15%, par exemple 13%.According to an exemplary embodiment, the patina has a gold content of between 5% and 15%, for example 13%.
La teneur en or dans la patine est par exemple mesurée par EDX.The gold content in the patina is for example measured by EDX.
La pièce selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre présente ainsi un « noir profond ».The part according to an implementation example thus presents a “deep black”.
En surface de la pièce, le noir de la patine obtenue après application d'un tel bain de patine est par exemple caractérisé par colorimétrie dans l'espace de couleur L*a*b* CIE 1976 avec une valeur de « L » comprise entre 10 et 50, plus particulièrement entre 30 et 50, une valeur de « a » comprise entre -1.5 et 1 ; et une valeur de « b » comprise entre -8 et 1.On the surface of the part, the black of the patina obtained after application of such a patina bath is for example characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 50, more particularly between 30 and 50, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -8 and 1.
Si la pièce comporte une finition, ce noir peut être caractérisé dans l'espace de couleur L*a*b* CIE 1976 avec une valeur de « L » comprise plus particulièrement entre environ 10 et 40, une valeur de « a » comprise environ entre -1.5 et 1 ; et une valeur de « b » comprise environ entre -4 et 1.If the part has a finish, this black can be characterized in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” comprised more particularly between approximately 10 and 40, a value of “a” comprised approximately between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” approximately between -4 and 1.
L'invention, selon un exemple de réalisation, sera bien comprise et ses avantages apparaitront mieux à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, donnée à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 présente un substrat selon un exemple de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
figure 2 illustre une étape d'immersion du substrat de lafigure 1 dans un bain de patin, selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention ; - la
figure 3 présente une pièce selon un exemple de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
figure 4 illustre une propriété d'autoréparation de la pièce de lafigure 3 ; - la
figure 5 présente un exemple de spectre réalisé en MEB- EDX sur la patine de la pièce de lafigure 3 ; et - la
figure 6 présente un exemple de spectre Raman réalisé sur la patine de la pièce de lafigure 3 .
- there
figure 1 presents a substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; - there
figure 2 illustrates a step of immersing the substrate of thefigure 1 in a skate bath, according to an example of implementation of the invention; - there
Figure 3 presents a part according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; - there
Figure 4 illustrates a self-repairing property of the part of theFigure 3 ; - there
Figure 5 presents an example of a spectrum produced in SEM-EDX on the patina of the piece of theFigure 3 ; And - there
Figure 6 presents an example of a Raman spectrum produced on the patina of the piece from theFigure 3 .
Pour réaliser une pièce 30 en alliage précieux, comme un bijou, d'apparence noire, et présentant une propriété d'auto-cicatrisation (aussi dit « capacité auto-réparante »), un procédé de réalisation d'une telle pièce 30, selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, comporte d'une part une étape de fourniture d'un substrat 10 en un alliage comportant :
- Entre 94% et 99.5% de cuivre (Cu),
- Entre 0.5% et 6% d'or (Au), et
- Entre 0% et 4% d'au moins un élément d'addition,
- Between 94% and 99.5% copper (Cu),
- Between 0.5% and 6% gold (Au), and
- Between 0% and 4% of at least one addition element,
Le total faisant 100%.The total is 100%.
Les pourcentages désignent ici des pourcentages massiques, également notés « wt.% ».The percentages here designate mass percentages, also noted “wt.%”.
La teneur en or peut être mesurée par toute méthode ; de préférence, elle est mesurée par ICP-AES (spectrométrie d'émission atomique - plasma à couplage inductif), par exemple après dissolution dans une eau régale (i.e. un mélange acide nitrique et d'acide chlorhydrique, par exemple respectivement en proportion 1:3), ou par gravimétrie (i.e. par attaque d'un alliage à l'acide nitrique et pesée des insolubles qui sont récupérés sur un filtre qui est pesé ; ici, seul l'or est un insoluble).Gold content can be measured by any method; preferably, it is measured by ICP-AES (atomic emission spectrometry - inductively coupled plasma), for example after dissolution in aqua regia (i.e. a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, for example respectively in proportion 1: 3), or by gravimetry (i.e. by attacking an alloy with nitric acid and weighing the insolubles which are recovered on a filter which is weighed; here, only gold is insoluble).
En fonction de la méthode de mesure utilisée, les valeurs de teneurs mesurées peuvent varier jusqu'à 10 % par exemple, même parfois davantage.Depending on the measurement method used, the measured content values can vary up to 10% for example, and sometimes even more.
Par exemple, pour obtenir un tel alliage, le procédé peut comporter une étape de formation de l'alliage du substrat comportant une étape de mélange d'au moins de 45 g à 55 g, par exemple 50 g, d'or (Au) avec entre 800 g et 1200 g, par exemple 1000 g, de cuivre (Cu) pur.For example, to obtain such an alloy, the process may include a step of forming the alloy of the substrate comprising a step of mixing at least 45 g to 55 g, for example 50 g, of gold (Au) with between 800 g and 1200 g, for example 1000 g, of pure copper (Cu).
Pour un exemple de mise en oeuvre particulier, l'étape de mélange est par exemple configurée pour produire un alliage comportant entre 4.5% et 4.8%, par exemple de 4,76%, d'or (en masse). La teneur en or obtenue est par exemple de 4,57wt.% lorsqu'elle est mesurée par ICP-AES et 4,66% lorsqu'elle est mesurée par gravimétrie. Ces différences entre la valeur théorique visée (i.e. 4.76%) et les valeurs mesurées sont dues aux incertitudes de mesures liées à chaque méthode de mesure, comme indiqué ci-dessus.For a particular example of implementation, the mixing step is for example configured to produce an alloy comprising between 4.5% and 4.8%, for example 4.76%, of gold (by mass). The gold content obtained is for example 4.57wt.% when measured by ICP-AES and 4.66% when measured by gravimetry. These differences between the theoretical target value (ie 4.76%) and the measured values are due to the measurement uncertainties linked to each measurement method, as indicated above.
Dans le cadre de la description d'un exemple de mise en oeuvre particulier de l'invention, le substrat 10 est formé d'un alliage comportant 95.24% de cuivre (Cu) et 4.76% d'or (Au).In the context of the description of a particular example of implementation of the invention, the
Dans cet exemple particulier, l'alliage est dépourvu d'élément d'addition ; mais il pourrait néanmoins en contenir au moins un, de préférence selon une teneur comprise en 0% et 4%.In this particular example, the alloy does not have any addition element; but it could nevertheless contain at least one, preferably in a content between 0% and 4%.
Un tel substrat 10 est par exemple représenté
Le substrat présentant une surface 11, dite surface supérieure 11, sur laquelle est appliquée ultérieurement une patine 20, décrite ci-après.The substrate having a
Le substrat a de préférence une épaisseur d'au moins 100 µm à partir de la surface supérieure 11.The substrate preferably has a thickness of at least 100 µm from the
Une épaisseur d'au moins 100 µm du substrat permet de mieux garantir une profondeur suffisante pour l'ancrage de la patine 20.A thickness of at least 100 µm of the substrate makes it possible to better guarantee sufficient depth for anchoring the
Le substrat 10 est ici formé d'une armature courbe, par exemple un fil courbé à section circulaire ou circulaire tronquée, ayant ici un diamètre 12 d'environ 3 mm.The
Le substrat est ici un élément massif.The substrate here is a massive element.
Toutefois, le substrat pourrait être une couche de revêtement (en l'alliage cuivre-or susmentionné), d'au moins 100 µm d'épaisseur, appliqué sur une base en un autre matériau, par exemple en inox, aluminium, bronze ou laiton ou autre, de toute géométrie ou dimension souhaitée.However, the substrate could be a coating layer (in the aforementioned copper-gold alloy), at least 100 µm thick, applied to a base of another material, for example stainless steel, aluminum, bronze or brass. or other, of any desired geometry or dimension.
Le procédé peut par exemple comporter une étape de formation du substrat comportant une étape de dépôt galvanique ou par projection sur la base, notamment par des techniques comme le Cold Spray ou Arc Spray, de l'alliage tel que décrit précédemment, cette étape étant configurée pour former une épaisseur de substrat d'au moins 100 µm.The method can for example include a step of forming the substrate comprising a step of galvanic deposition or by projection on the base, in particular by techniques such as Cold Spray or Arc Spray, of the alloy as described previously, this step being configured to form a substrate thickness of at least 100 µm.
Pour réaliser la pièce 30 en alliage précieux, le procédé selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention comporte d'autre part une étape de préparation d'un bain de patine 21.To produce the
Le bain de patine 21 est par exemple obtenu à partir d'un mélange comportant :
- Entre 3 g et 10 g d'acétate de cuivre (Cu(CH3COO)2), anhydre ou hydraté,
- Entre 3 g et 20 g de sulfate de cuivre (CuSO4), anhydre ou hydraté, et
- Entre 0.5 g et 2 g de sel (NaCl).
- Between 3 g and 10 g of copper acetate (Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ), anhydrous or hydrated,
- Between 3 g and 20 g of copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ), anhydrous or hydrated, and
- Between 0.5 g and 2 g of salt (NaCl).
Pour cela, l'étape de préparation d'un bain de patine 21 comporte par exemple :
- Une étape de chauffage d'un litre d'eau distillée ou permutée à une température comprise entre 80°C et 100°C ;
- Une étape d'ajout de 3 g à 10 g d'acétate de cuivre, anhydre ou hydraté, par exemple 4.82 g d'acétate de cuivre anhydre (Cu(CH3COO)2) ou 5.3 g d'acétate de cuivre monohydraté (Cu(CH3COO)2, H2O), et
- de 3 g à 10 g de sulfate de cuivre, anhydre ou hydraté, par exemple 3.19 g de sulfate de cuivre anhydre (CuSO4) ou 5 g de sulfate de cuivre pentahydraté (CuSO4, 5H2O), dans l'eau chauffée, produisant un premier mélange ;
- Une étape d'agitation pendant une durée comprise
entre 30 minutes et 90 minutes du premier mélange ; puis - Une étape d'ajout de 0.5 g à 2 g, par exemple 1 g, de sel (NaCl), dans le premier mélange ;
- Une étape d'ajout de 3 g à 10 g de sulfate de cuivre, anhydre ou hydraté, par exemple 3.19 g de sulfate de cuivre anhydre (CuSOa) ou 5 g de sulfate de cuivre pentahydraté (CuSO4, 5H2O) dans le premier mélange, produisant un deuxième mélange ; puis
- Une étape d'agitation du deuxième mélange pendant une durée comprise
entre 30 minutes et 90 minutes, produisant le bain de patine 21.
- A step of heating one liter of distilled or permutated water to a temperature between 80°C and 100°C;
- A step of adding 3 g to 10 g of copper acetate, anhydrous or hydrated, for example 4.82 g of anhydrous copper acetate (Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ) or 5.3 g of monohydrated copper acetate ( Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 , H 2 O), and
- from 3 g to 10 g of copper sulfate, anhydrous or hydrated, for example 3.19 g of anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ) or 5 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 , 5H 2 O), in heated water , producing a first mixture;
- A stirring step for a period of between 30 minutes and 90 minutes of the first mixture; Then
- A step of adding 0.5 g to 2 g, for example 1 g, of salt (NaCl), in the first mixture;
- A step of adding 3 g to 10 g of copper sulfate, anhydrous or hydrated, for example 3.19 g of anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSOa) or 5 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 , 5H 2 O) in the first mixture, producing a second mixture; Then
- A step of stirring the second mixture for a period of between 30 minutes and 90 minutes, producing the
patina bath 21.
Pour le présent exemple de mise en oeuvre, le bain de patine 21 comporte plus particulièrement :
- 10 g de sulfate de cuivre pentahydraté,
- 5.3 g d'acétate de cuivre monohydraté,
- 1 g de sel (NaCl), et
- 1 L d'eau distillée ou permutée.
- 10 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate,
- 5.3 g of copper acetate monohydrate,
- 1 g of salt (NaCl), and
- 1 L of distilled or permutated water.
Par exemple, l'eau distillée ou permutée est chauffée à 90°C (+/-10°C).For example, distilled or permutated water is heated to 90°C (+/-10°C).
Puis l'acétate de cuivre et la moitié du sulfate de cuivre (soit 5 g) sont ajoutés dans l'eau distillée ou permutée.Then the copper acetate and half of the copper sulfate (i.e. 5 g) are added to the distilled or permutated water.
Ce premier mélange est agité pendant une heure, puis un gramme (1 g) de sel est ajouté ainsi que le reste de sulfate de cuivre (soit 5 g).This first mixture is stirred for one hour, then one gram (1 g) of salt is added as well as the rest of copper sulfate (i.e. 5 g).
Ce deuxième mélange est ensuite agité pendant environ une heure également.This second mixture is then stirred for about an hour as well.
Le procédé comporte ensuite une étape d'application du bain de patine 21 sur la surface supérieure 11 du substrat 10.The method then includes a step of applying the
Pour cela, le procédé comporte par exemple une étape de décapage, aussi appelée dérochage, de la surface supérieure 11 du substrat.For this, the process includes for example a step of stripping, also called stripping, of the
L'étape de décapage est par exemple configurée pour retirer une éventuelle couche d'oxyde en surface 11 du substrat.The stripping step is for example configured to remove a possible oxide layer on the
L'étape de décapage est par exemple réalisée avec une solution d'acide sulfurique (H2SO4) à une teneur comprise entre 0.5% et 10% diluée dans de l'eau (H2O).The stripping step is for example carried out with a solution of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) at a content between 0.5% and 10% diluted in water (H 2 O).
Avant l'étape de décapage, le procédé peut optionnellement comporter une étape de dégraissage, par exemple par un solvant, ou par ultrasons, par exemple en présence d'un tensioactif.Before the stripping step, the process can optionally include a degreasing step, for example by a solvent, or by ultrasound, for example in the presence of a surfactant.
Après l'étape de décapage, le procédé peut optionnellement comporter une étape de rinçage du substrat, par exemple de rinçage à l'eau.After the stripping step, the process can optionally include a step of rinsing the substrate, for example rinsing with water.
Ensuite, le substrat 10 est par exemple immergé dans le bain de patine 21, comme illustré
Pour cela, le bain de patine 21 est par exemple porté à une température comprise entre de 80°C et 100°C.For this, the
Par exemple, le substrat 10 est immergé dans le bain de patine 21 pendant une durée comprise entre 45 minutes et 120 minutes, par exemple 60 minutes.For example, the
Une fois la patine obtenue, le procédé peut comporter une étape de séchage, par exemple à l'air libre, et/ou en étuve.Once the patina has been obtained, the process may include a drying step, for example in the open air, and/or in an oven.
Une fois la patine sèche, le procédé peut éventuellement comporter une étape de polissage.Once the patina has dried, the process may possibly include a polishing step.
Selon une autre option intéressante, le procédé peut aussi comporter une étape de finition. Par exemple, l'étape de finition peut comporter une étape d'application d'une protection, par exemple une matière organique, comme par exemple une gomme arabique, une cire, une résine ou autre.According to another interesting option, the process can also include a finishing step. For example, the finishing step may include a step of applying a protection, for example an organic material, such as a gum arabic, a wax, a resin or the like.
Cette substance organique, non volatile, permet d'éventuellement intensifier le noir de la patine.This organic, non-volatile substance can possibly intensify the black of the patina.
En surface de la pièce, le noir de la patine obtenue après application d'un tel bain de patine est par exemple caractérisé par colorimétrie dans l'espace de couleur L*a*b* CIE 1976 avec une valeur de « L » comprise entre 10 et 50, plus particulièrement entre 30 et 50, une valeur de « a » comprise entre -1.5 et 1 ; et une valeur de « b » comprise entre -8 et 1.On the surface of the part, the black of the patina obtained after application of such a patina bath is for example characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 50, more particularly between 30 and 50, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -8 and 1.
Si la pièce comporte une finition, ce noir peut être caractérisé dans l'espace de couleur L*a*b* CIE 1976 avec une valeur de « L » comprise plus particulièrement entre environ 10 et 40, une valeur de « a » comprise environ entre -1.5 et 1 ; et une valeur de « b » comprise environ entre -4 et 1.If the part has a finish, this black can be characterized in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” comprised more particularly between approximately 10 and 40, a value of “a” comprised approximately between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” approximately between -4 and 1.
Dans un exemple particulier, L=28.16 ; a=-0.91 ; b=0.34.In a particular example, L=28.16; a=-0.91; b=0.34.
La finition contribue ainsi à procurer un aspect noir profond à la pièce.The finish thus helps to provide a deep black appearance to the room.
L'étape de finition est par exemple configurée pour protéger la patine et/ou lui procurer un fini brillant, satiné ou mat.The finishing step is, for example, configured to protect the patina and/or provide it with a glossy, satin or matte finish.
L'étape d'application de la finition peut par exemple être réalisée par trempage, pulvérisation, tamponnage, application au chiffon ou au pinceau.The finish application step can for example be carried out by dipping, spraying, dabbing, application with a cloth or brush.
Comme décrit ci-dessous, la patine 20 obtenue, d'apparence d'un noir profond, sur un tel substrat 10, qui est donc un bronze à l'or, est majoritairement constituée de cuprite (Cu2O).As described below, the
La cuprite est naturellement rouge, mais il apparait qu'une telle patine conduit à une teinte noire grâce à la présence d'or (et/ou d'argent) venant du substrat.Cuprite is naturally red, but it appears that such a patina leads to a black tint thanks to the presence of gold (and/or silver) coming from the substrate.
Plus précisément, la pièce 30 obtenue dans le présent exemple de réalisation comporte ici :
- Le substrat 10 en un alliage comportant, selon le dosage théorique susmentionné, environ 95.24% de cuivre (Cu), et environ 4.76% d'or (Au), ici sans élément d'addition ; et
- la
patine 20, appliquée sur lasurface supérieure 11 du substrat 10, ayant une épaisseur d'au moins 5 µm, par exemple compriseentre 5 µm et 30 µm, et comportant un oxyde de cuivre, notamment ici sous forme de cuprite (Cu2O), comme expliqué ci-après en lien avec lafigure 6 , et de l'or (Au), par exemple selon une teneur comprise en 5% et 15%.
- The
substrate 10 in an alloy comprising, according to the aforementioned theoretical dosage, approximately 95.24% copper (Cu), and approximately 4.76% gold (Au), here without any addition element; And - the
patina 20, applied to theupper surface 11 of thesubstrate 10, having a thickness of at least 5 µm, for example between 5 µm and 30 µm, and comprising a copper oxide, in particular here in the form of cuprite (Cu 2 O), as explained below in connection with theFigure 6 , and gold (Au), for example in a content between 5% and 15%.
Une telle pièce 30 présente ainsi un « noir profond ».Such a
En surface de la pièce, le noir de la patine obtenue après application d'un tel bain de patine est par exemple caractérisé par colorimétrie dans l'espace de couleur L*a*b* CIE 1976 avec une valeur de « L » comprise entre 10 et 50, plus particulièrement entre 30 et 50, une valeur de « a » comprise entre -1.5 et 1 ; et une valeur de « b » comprise entre -8 et 1.On the surface of the part, the black of the patina obtained after application of such a patina bath is for example characterized by colorimetry in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” between 10 and 50, more particularly between 30 and 50, a value of “a” between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” between -8 and 1.
Si la pièce comporte une finition, ce noir peut être caractérisé dans l'espace de couleur L*a*b* CIE 1976 avec une valeur de « L » comprise plus particulièrement entre environ 10 et 40, une valeur de « a » comprise environ entre -1.5 et 1 ; et une valeur de « b » comprise environ entre -4 et 1.If the part has a finish, this black can be characterized in the L*a*b* CIE 1976 color space with a value of “L” comprised more particularly between approximately 10 and 40, a value of “a” comprised approximately between -1.5 and 1; and a value of “b” approximately between -4 and 1.
Dans un exemple particulier, L=28.16 ; a=-0.91 ; b=0.34.In a particular example, L=28.16; a=-0.91; b=0.34.
Une telle pièce 30 a en outre une propriété d'autoréparation.Such a
Cette propriété est illustrée schématiquement
Sur la
Après une exposition à un air libre et/ou une lumière, naturelle ou artificielle, par exemple pendant quelques jours voire quelques semaines, la coupure 31 s'est atténuée et forme une trace 32, illustrée
Il a également été observé que suite à un contact avec de la peau d'une personne portant l'objet, par exemple en tant que bijou, l'effet cicatrisant était plus rapide (par exemple de quelques jours pour obtenir une même atténuation).It was also observed that following contact with the skin of a person wearing the object, for example as jewelry, the healing effect was faster (for example a few days to obtain the same attenuation).
Cette évolution s'explique, a priori, par un ternissement de la surface du substrat découverte par la coupure 31, et/ou une croissance de la patine refermant au moins en partie la coupure 31.This evolution is explained, a priori, by a tarnishing of the surface of the substrate exposed by the
De manière générale, la patine 20 peut éventuellement comporter au moins l'un parmi : du carbone, de l'oxygène, du chlore, du potassium, du calcium, ou encore du fer.Generally speaking, the
L'au moins l'un de ces éléments est par exemple présent entre 0% et 0.01% de la patine, i.e. au plus sous forme de trace, mais idéalement, la patine en est dépourvue. De manière plus générale, si le substrat comporte un élément d'addition, l'élément d'addition a une teneur comprise entre 0% et 1%, voire entre 0% et 0.01%. L'élément d'addition comporte par exemple au moins l'un parmi : de l'argent (Ag), de l'arsenic (As), du zinc (Zn), du plomb (Pb), du fer (Fe), ou encore de l'étain (Sn).At least one of these elements is for example present between 0% and 0.01% of the patina, i.e. at most in the form of a trace, but ideally, the patina is devoid of it. More generally, if the substrate includes an addition element, the addition element has a content of between 0% and 1%, or even between 0% and 0.01%. The addition element comprises for example at least one of: silver (Ag), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), or even tin (Sn).
La
Le spectre comporte des pics qui représentent principalement du cuivre et de l'or, ainsi que du carbone et de l'oxygène.The spectrum has peaks that represent primarily copper and gold, as well as carbon and oxygen.
Une analyse élémentaire donne par exemple : 67% de cuivre (Cu), 13% d'or (Au), 10% d'oxygène (O), 5% de carbone (C), et des impuretés : chlore (CI), azote (N), potassium (K).An elemental analysis gives for example: 67% copper (Cu), 13% gold (Au), 10% oxygen (O), 5% carbon (C), and impurities: chlorine (CI), nitrogen (N), potassium (K).
Ce spectre indique donc une présence d'oxyde de cuivre dans la patine 20, ainsi qu'une présence d'or.This spectrum therefore indicates a presence of copper oxide in the
De manière intéressante, la patine 20 est donc enrichie en or.Interestingly,
La relativement faible présence de carbone dans le présent exemple peut s'expliquer par exemple par une utilisation de gomme arabique pour une étape de finition de la pièce 30, et/ou par une pollution.The relatively low presence of carbon in the present example can be explained for example by the use of gum arabic for a finishing step of the
De plus, comme l'illustre la
La résolution spectrale est dans une gamme comprise entre 9 cm-1 et 15 cm-1.The spectral resolution is in a range between 9 cm -1 and 15 cm -1 .
Le spectre montre la présence de deux bandes à 219 cm-1 et 623 cm-1 qui sont caractéristiques d'un oxyde de cuivre I : Cu2O ou cuprite. On peut noter une absence de bande à 297 cm-1 caractéristique de l'oxyde de cuivre II.The spectrum shows the presence of two bands at 219 cm -1 and 623 cm -1 which are characteristic of a copper I oxide: Cu 2 O or cuprite. We can note an absence of band at 297 cm -1 characteristic of copper II oxide.
Cette analyse confirme donc que la patine 20 est principalement constituée de cuprite. L'invention permet ainsi de fournir une pièce en métal précieux d'apparence noire et auto cicatrisante.This analysis therefore confirms that
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FR2207267A FR3137924A1 (en) | 2022-07-13 | 2022-07-13 | Method for producing a part with a black, self-healing appearance having a precious metal substrate, and part obtained |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5160381A (en) * | 1991-06-26 | 1992-11-03 | Fumigation Maritime Ltee | Method for forming artificially and rapidly patina on copper, products thereof and solutions therefor |
JP2002191421A (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-09 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Method for making green gold-alloy ornament and its product |
CN103199072A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-07-10 | 江西蓝微电子科技有限公司 | Gold-plated palladium-copper single-crystal bonding wire and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-07-13 FR FR2207267A patent/FR3137924A1/en active Pending
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2023
- 2023-07-12 EP EP23185064.5A patent/EP4306678A1/en active Pending
- 2023-07-12 US US18/351,229 patent/US20240018677A1/en active Pending
- 2023-07-13 CN CN202310862083.4A patent/CN117403216A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5160381A (en) * | 1991-06-26 | 1992-11-03 | Fumigation Maritime Ltee | Method for forming artificially and rapidly patina on copper, products thereof and solutions therefor |
JP2002191421A (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-09 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Method for making green gold-alloy ornament and its product |
CN103199072A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-07-10 | 江西蓝微电子科技有限公司 | Gold-plated palladium-copper single-crystal bonding wire and manufacturing method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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MATHIS F ET AL: "HMTY-KM (black copper) and the Egyptian bronzes' collection of the Musee du Louvre", JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ET MEDICALES ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 10, no. 1, 1 January 2009 (2009-01-01), pages 63 - 72, XP025977258, ISSN: 1296-2074, [retrieved on 20090313], DOI: 10.1016/J.CULHER.2008.03.006 * |
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