Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
  • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
  • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
  • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10935—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin as a preformed layer, e.g. formed by extrusion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
  • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
  • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
  • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
  • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
  • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
  • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
  • G01S7/4813—Housing arrangements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
  • B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
  • B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
  • B32B2307/7376—Thickness
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles

Definitions

• TITLE LAMINATED VEHICLE GLAZING, ITS MANUFACTURE AND DEVICE WITH ASSOCIATED NEAR INFRARED VISION SYSTEM
• the invention relates to a laminated glazing, in particular a windshield, in a vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, a train in association with a near infrared vision system.
• the invention also describes its manufacture and a device combining said glazing and the infrared vision system.
• Glazing for autonomous vehicles and the associated technology are constantly evolving, in particular to improve safety.
• Remote sensing by laser or LIDAR acronym for the English expression “light detection and ranging” or “laser detection and ranging” (or in French “detection and estimation of the distance by light” or “by laser”) is usable in autonomous vehicles at the headlights.
• patent application WO20180153012 proposes placing a LIDAR operating in the near infrared between 750 nm and 1050 nm behind the laminated windshield comprising two sheets of extra-clear glass and an infrared filter.
• the performance of this vision device can be improved.
• the present invention relates to a laminated (and / or curved) glazing of a vehicle, in particular road (car, truck, public transport: bus, car, etc.) or rail (in particular at a maximum speed of at most 90 km /h or at most 70km/h, in particular metros, trams), in particular curved, in particular a windshield, or even a rear window, or even a side glazing, of thickness E1 given for example subcentimetric in particular d at most 5 mm for a road vehicle windshield, glazing comprising: - a first sheet of glass, in particular curved, intended to be the external glazing, with a first external main face F1 and a second internal main face F2 oriented towards the passenger compartment, if a motor vehicle with a thickness of preferably at most 4mm, and even at most 3mm or 2.5mm, - in particular 2.1mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - and preferably at least 0.7mm or 1mm - a lamination insert (s
• a second sheet of glass intended to be the interior glazing, preferably curved and in particular tinted, with a third main face F3 on the F2 side and a fourth internal main face F4 oriented towards the passenger compartment, if road vehicle of thickness preferably lower than that of the first glazing, even by at most 3mm or 2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - or even by at most 1.3mm, and preferably by at least 0.7 mm, the thickness of the first and second glass sheets preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4 mm, even 3.7 mm.
• the second sheet of glass in particular based on silica, soda-lime, preferably soda-lime, or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, preferably has a content by weight of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe 2 Ü 3 ) of at least 0.4 % and preferably at most 1.5%.
• the first sheet of glass in particular based on silica, soda-lime, silico-soda-lime, or aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, has a content by weight of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe 2 Ü 3 ) of at most 0.05% (500ppm ), preferably at most 0.03% (300ppm) and at most 0.015% (150ppm) and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%.
• the redox of the first glass sheet is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15.
• the glazing according to the invention further comprises:
• the through hole being (of size) centimeter (according to the surface of the second sheet of glass), hole delimited by a wall, closed or opening hole (notch) ( on a longitudinal edge in particular),
• a piece of mineral material transparent at least to a so-called wavelength working in infrared in a range ranging from 800nm to 1800nm, in particular from 850nm to 1600nm, in particular 905 ⁇ 30nm and/or 1550 ⁇ 30nm.
• the part according to the invention has:
• bonding main surface in particular bare or coated with a functional layer, bonded with a bonding thermoplastic film (sheet) possibly separate from the lamination insert (insert with any through hole in the insert) - in particular film bonding thickness distinct from the lamination insert and/or material distinct from the lamination insert - or bonding surface bonded with the main face Fb (insert with any partial hole in the insert on the Fb side)
• the part in particular glass or glass-ceramic
• the part is preferably at least 0.1 mm thick or at least 0.3 mm thick and even (if necessary) at least 0.7 mm thick and preferably at least more than 3mm, in particular part of size (width and/or surface) smaller than the through-hole, part with an edge in contact with or spaced from the wall delimiting the through-hole by at most 5mm, preferably spaced apart and by a distance of at most 2mm and even ranging from 0.3 to 2mm.
• the through hole opens onto said edge or said upper longitudinal edge or is closed (surrounded by the glass wall of the second sheet) in particular close to the upper longitudinal edge.
• the laminated glazing is selected:
• This solution is more efficient than that based on two solid extra-clear glasses.
• it improves comfort (heat in the vehicle), aesthetics and is more economical.
• Iron oxide present as an impurity in most natural raw materials used in glassware (sand, feldspar, limestone, dolomite, etc.), absorbs both in the visible and near ultraviolet range (absorption due to ferric ion Fe 3+ ) and especially in the visible and near infrared range (absorption due to the ferrous ion Fe 2+ ) this is why the iron oxide is reduced in the first sheet of glass. In the second sheet of glass, it is therefore possible to choose a higher iron oxide content.
• this part according to the invention is added in the through hole which, in order not to penalize the efficiency of the LIDAR, is made of mineral material transparent to the working wavelength and thanks to the antireflection element with a particularly high transmission.
• the anti-reflective element can be an anti-reflective coating or the interior surface which is textured (surface treatment, etc.) in particular nanotextured.
• the glazing comprising the first glass sheet, the lamination insert, the part with said anti-reflective element (anti-reflective coating or textured surface) has a total transmission of at least 90.0%, 91.0%, or even 92.0% or 93% at the working wavelength in particular 905 ⁇ 30nm and/or 1550 ⁇ 30nm in particular measured at normal (90°) or even preferably also at 60° or even up to 60° with respect to the (local) plane of the room, for example on the side of the anti-reflective element.
• the total transmission in the infrared is measured for example with a spectrophotometer such as the lamba 900 from Perkin Elmer.
• the glazing comprising the first sheet of glass, the spacer of lamination, the part with said antireflection element (antireflection coating or textured surface) has a total transmission of at least at least 90%, 91%, or even 92% at another working wavelength in the visible in particular between 400 nm and 700 nm in particular measured normal or even preferably from 90° up to 60° with respect to the local plane of the part, for example on the side of the antireflection element.
• the part with said anti-reflective element has a total transmission of at least 91.0%, 92.0%, or even 93.0% or 95% at the length of working wave in particular 905 ⁇ 30nm and/or 1550 ⁇ 30nm in particular measured at normal (90°) or even preferably also at 60° or even up to 60° with respect to the (local) plane of the part for example on the antireflection element side and even if a multispectral vision system is used, the part with said antireflection element (antireflection coating or textured surface) has a total transmission of at least 91%, 92%, or even 93% at another length working wave in the visible in particular between 400nm and 700nm in particular measured at the normal or even preferably from 90° up to 60° with respect to the plane of the part, for example on the anti-reflective element side.
• TL light transmission factor
• the light transmission TL of the laminated glazing in an area without a hole is preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 88%.
• the invention is particularly suitable for glazing (windshield, bezel, etc.) for autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles: level L2+, L3, L4 and L5 (“full” autonomous) as well as vehicles of the Robot Taxi and shuttle type (Shuttle) etc.
• the angle of the glazing in particular a road vehicle windshield, can typically be between 21° and 36° relative to the ground and on average 30°.
• the antireflection element comprises, or even consists of, an antireflection coating on the interior surface.
• the antireflection coating may comprise, or even consist of, a stack of thin dielectric layers (of oxide and/or metal or silicon nitrides for example) alternating high and low refractive index at the working wavelength, in particular a stack obtained by physical vapor deposition called PVD.
• the antireflection coating may comprise, or even consist of, a porous silica layer, in particular a nanoporous silica gel sol layer.
• the anti-reflective coating can also include an overcoat if it does not alter the anti-reflective properties.
• the antireflection coating in particular of porous silica according to the invention may have a thickness advantageously between 10 nm and 10 ⁇ m (these limit values being included), in particular 50 nm and 1 ⁇ m and even more preferentially between 70 and 500 nm.
• the pores are the interstices of a non-compact stack of nanometric balls, in particular of silica, this layer being described for example in the document US20040258929.
• the porous layer is obtained by the deposition of a condensed silica sol (silica oligomers) and densified by vapors of the NH3 type, this layer being described for example in the document WO2005049757.
• the porous layer can also be of the sol-gel type as described in document EP1329433.
• the porous layer can also be obtained with other known pore-forming agents: micelles of cationic surfactant molecules in solution and, optionally, in hydrolyzed form, or anionic or nonionic surfactants, or amphiphilic molecules, for example block copolymers.
• the porous layer can also be of the sol-gel type as described in document WO2008/059170.
• the porous layer can thus be obtained with pore-forming agents which are preferably polymer beads.
• the porous (or nanoporous) silica layer may have closed pores of at least 20nm, 50nm or 80nm possibly with pores having an increasing concentration towards the free surface.
• the pores may have an elongated shape, in particular rice grain. Even more preferentially, the pores can have a substantially spherical or oval shape. It is preferred that the majority of the closed pores, indeed at least 80% of them, have a substantially identical given shape, in particular elongated, substantially spherical or oval.
• Porous silica can be doped, for example, to further improve its hydrolytic behavior in the case of applications where good resistance is necessary (facades, exteriors, etc.).
• the doping elements can preferably be chosen from Al, Zr, B, Sn, Zn.
• the dopant is introduced to replace the Si atoms in a molar percentage which can preferably reach 10%, even more preferably up to 5%.
• the anti-reflective coating in particular porous silica layer (sol gel)
• the underlayer can be based on silica or on at least partially oxidized derivatives of silicon chosen from silicon dioxide, substoichiometric silicon oxides, oxycarbide, oxynitride or oxycarbonitride of silicon.
• the undercoat is useful when the underlying surface is soda lime glass as it acts as an alkali barrier.
• This sub-layer therefore advantageously comprises Si, O, optionally carbon and nitrogen. But it can also comprise minority materials with respect to silicon, for example metals such as Al, Zn or Zr.
• the underlayer can be deposited by sol-gel or by pyrolysis, in particular by gas phase pyrolysis (CVD). This latter technique makes it possible to obtain SiO x C y or S1O2 layers fairly easily, in particular by deposition directly on the float glass ribbon in the case of glass substrates. But it is also possible to carry out the deposition by a vacuum technique, for example by sputtering from an Si target (optionally doped) or from a silicon suboxide target (in a reactive oxidizing and/or nitriding atmosphere for example).
• This underlayer preferably has a thickness of at least 5 nm, in particular a thickness comprised between 10 nm and 200 nm, for example between 80 nm and 120 nm.
• antireflection element antireflection coating or textured surface
• the face F1 may further comprise a functional layer: hydrophobic etc.
• the part can be spaced from the wall by a distance of at least 0.3mm and at most 3mm. We prefer that the room be spaced out (empty or filled space) but not too much to keep its safety function.
• the part may be curved (convex) along the curvature of the first glass sheet, in particular the part is curved and is a tempered glass along the curvature of the first glass sheet.
• the curved part, in particular convex, (in particular in glass) can be at least 0.5 mm or 0.7 mm thick and follows the curvature of the first sheet of glass. In one embodiment, this part is curved simultaneously with the first and second sheets of glass.
• the anti-reflective element is preferably produced before or during the bending. For example, it is a coating (precursor of silica sol gel with pore-forming agent) which is heat-treated (to eliminate the pore-forming agent) thanks to bending to have the anti-reflective function, for example to form nanopores.
• Examples of bending are unpressed or pressed gravity bending or else tempered or semi-tempered bending.
• the part is curved and is tempered glass.
• the curved part in particular glass
• this part is flexible, is curved along the curvature of the first sheet of glass, for example during assembly before lamination (and after bending of the first and second sheets of glass).
• the part can also independently undergo a heat treatment (possible bending) and a quenching operation.
• the piece can be tempered glass (thin) and even curved.
• the antireflection element is preferably produced during said heat treatment.
• the piece is a coating (silica sol gel precursor with pore-forming agent) which is heat-treated (to eliminate the pore-forming agent) for example during bending to have the anti-reflective function, for example to form nanopores.
• the piece is mineral. Preferably, it comprises at least 90% or 95 or 99% or 100% by weight of mineral matter.
• the part can be made of glass-ceramic or glass, in particular tempered (thermally) or chemically tempered.
• This may be a glass based on silica, soda-lime, silico-soda-lime, or aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, and which has a content by weight of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe 2 Ü 3 ) of at most 0.05% ( 500ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300ppm) and at most 0.015% (150ppm) and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%.
• the part can be made of K9 or BK7 borosilicate glass, fused silica, or glass described in applications W02014128016 or W02018015312 or WO2018178278.
• the part, in particular curved along the curvature of the first sheet of glass may be made of glass, in particular tempered, having a content by weight of total iron oxide of at most 0.05%, in particular extra-clear glass, in particular soda-lime silica and in particular of composition identical (or similar) to the composition of the glass of the first glass sheet, in particular soda-lime silica.
• the part can be alternatively in BaF2, CaF2,
• the bonding surface can be:
• Fb face full or partial perforated interlayer, mono or multi-layer, preferably PVB
• a functional layer film, for example glued, on the bonding surface or coating, deposited thereon by any means such as PVD or liquid route
• a functional layer film, for example glued, on the bonding surface or coating, deposited thereon by any means such as PVD or liquid route
• At least a fraction of the coin thickness is in the through hole and even the coin thickness is in the through hole.
• the connecting surface is preferably under flush with face F3 (in particular lamination spacer with partial hole or locally reduced thickness) or flush with face F3 or overflush with face F3 (in the through hole), for example an extra thickness of interlayer via the bonding film here in terms of the interlayer added before lamination etc. And/or the inner surface being under flush (in the through hole), flush or over flush with face F4.
• the glazing according to the invention has under and/or in the through hole, preferably on the side of face F2 (rather than face F1), a selective filter absorbing in the visible and transparent to said working wavelength, spaced (and side F2) or associated with the connecting surface or the part forms said selective filter.
• the selective filter (forming a camouflage element), is used to hide the infrared vision system at said working wavelength such as a LIDAR from outside the vehicle without penalizing the excellent transmission at the wavelength of work.
• Said selective filter is for example local with a given surface S0 and the orthogonal projection of the surface S0 on the second sheet encompasses at least the section Sc of the through hole or at least 0.9Sc.
• S0 ranges from 0.9Sc to 1.2Sc.
• S0 can be smaller than Sc in particular if the masking layer overflows under the through hole (at the periphery).
• the selective filter under the through hole can be more extensive than the through hole for example to hide one or more sensors as detailed more late.
• the laminated glazing (at least the assembly comprising the first glass sheet, the lamination insert, the part, the selective filter) has:
• the part can form said selective filter, the part is in particular colloidal glass or is a glass-ceramic, or the part is transparent in the visible and comprising said selective film filter on the bonding surface such as a colored polymer film (opaque in mass) (PET etc) with a thickness of at most 0.2mm as detailed later.
• a colored polymer film opaque in mass
• a colloidal glass contains nanoparticles (transition metal eg gold, copper) which block (absorb) visible light.
• a glass doped with a species is produced which will precipitate in the form of nanoparticles after a heat treatment.
• An example of colloidal glass is described in application EP1985591. Mention may also be made of the products RG780®, RG830®, and RG850® from the company Shott.
• glasses absorbing in the visible thanks to Fe and Co (and/or Mn) and Cr to oxidize the glass are described W02020/200920A1 or W02020/057926.
• glass-ceramic As an example of glass-ceramic, mention may be made of the product Keravision® from the company Eurokera or even a borosilicate, for example described in application WO2020101874.
• the selective filter is a camouflage coating which is on the face F2 (in particular bare, without underlying coating) opposite the through hole and even protruding under the face F3.
• This camouflage coating is for example local with a given surface S0 and the orthogonal projection of the surface S0 on the second sheet encompasses at least the section Sc of the through hole or at least 0.9Sc.
• the camouflage coating is for example a solid layer or even with discontinuities for example forming a (micro or nano)grid.
• This camouflage coating can be of any kind: organic or mineral, ink, varnish, (in particular a coloring layer detailed below), it can be located at the level of said through hole or more extensive, for example to hide one or more sensors as detailed later.
• This camouflage coating may protrude beyond the through hole, for example by at most 50mm or better still at most 20mm between face F2 and face F3 in a (glazed) zone called the border zone of said hole and to have a different shape for the filter and the through hole for example.
• the selective filter can be a colored polymer film (mass opaque) or with a camouflage coating glued or in adhesive contact with the face F2.
• This camouflage film is for example local with a given surface S0 and the orthogonal projection of the surface S0 on the second sheet encompasses at least the section Sc of the through hole or at least 0.9Sc.
• a selective filter involving a polymer film it is preferred that it be in adhesive contact with face F2 or with the lamination insert or with the part.
• the selective filter for example the part or the coating on the face F2 or on a polymer film
• the difference in optical density between the selective filter and the opaque masking layer is at most 5%, 3%, 2% and even they are of the same color.
• the selective filter for example the part or the coating on the face F2 or on a polymer film
• the selective filter (for example the part or the coating on the face F2 or on a polymer film) can be of any generally rectangular, square shape, identical and even homothetic to the shape of the through hole.
• the distance between the upper longitudinal edge and the selective filter can be at most 30mm, 20mm 15 and even 10mm.
• the laminated glazing comprises at most one functional polymer film (with or without coating on one or both sides) distinct from the interlayer under and/or in said through hole and/or at most two or one functional coating under and/ or in the said through-hole, in particular a glued camouflage coating or on the face F2 (especially if the part is transparent in the visible).
• the laminated glazing is free of functional polymer film (with or without coating on one or both sides) distinct from the interlayer under and/or in said through hole and even comprises at most one functional coating under and/or in the said through hole, in particular camouflage coating on the face F2 (especially if the part is transparent in the visible).
• the through hole is for example closed (as opposed to emerging like a cavity made in the edge of the second sheet) in particular spaced from the edge of the second sheet by at least 2cm, 5cm, 10cm or even more.
• the selective film filter under the through-hole may protrude beyond the through-hole, for example by no more than 50mm or better still no more than 20mm between face F2 and face F3 in a (glazed) zone called the border zone of said hole and to have a different shape for the selective filter and the through hole, for example.
• the selective filter on the face F2 and/or having a film (under the through hole) will hide the hole and the LIDAR.
• the selective filter may extend beyond the through-hole area below face F3. Indeed, it may also be desired to cover a zone devoid of an opaque masking layer (absorbent at the working wavelength), for example a resist of this opaque masking layer or even a contiguous or neighboring zone.
• the selective filter on face F2 and/or comprising a film can therefore mask in particular a zone called a camera zone provided with sensor(s), in particular a camera in the visible or in the far infrared (thermal camera).
• the selective filter has a shield (closed or emerging) in the area provided to let the light rays from the scene to be captured by the visible camera pass and/or a shield (closed or emerging) in the intended area. to allow the rays coming from the scene to be captured by the thermal camera to pass.
• the selective filter on the face F2 and/or comprising a film can surround the chosen closed hole (present on the entire circumference of the closed hole) for example of a shape similar or homothetic to the hole.
• the selective filter can also be a simple geometric shape (rectangle etc) in which the closed hole fits.
• the selective filter preferably does not form an isolated (substantially) opaque zone (visible, identifiable from the face F1), adjacent to a transparent zone of the laminated glazing over all or part of its periphery.
• the selective filter can therefore
• the selective filter comprises a coloring layer made of a compound comprising a matrix (organic, polymeric, mineral or hybrid) and a coloring agent dispersed in said matrix, said coloring agent absorbing (substantially all of) the light located in said visible region and being (substantially) transparent at said working length, coloring layer forming in the zone of said hole the camouflage coating already described:
• the coloring layer can be sub-millimeter thick and even at most 20 ⁇ m.
• the compound of the coloring layer can be polymeric, or organic-mineral hybrid.
• the polymeric compound/matrix of the coloring layer is chosen from monomers, oligomers, or polymers comprising at least one methacrylate function, epoxides, varnishes consisting of dispersed particles of PVB, latex, polyurethane or acrylate.
• the coloring layer may contain any pigment or dye having an infrared transmittance higher than its visible transmittance, such as a near infrared black ink which substantially absorbs the wavelengths in the visible while transmitting those in the near infrared.
• the coloring layer can contain dyes or inks such as SpectreTM inks, for example SpectreTM 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, or 160 (Epolin, Newark, NJ); Mimaki inks, for example Mimaki ES3, SS21, BS3, SS2, or HS (Mimaki Global, Tomicity, Nagano, Japan); or Seiko inks, for example Seiko 1000, 1300, SG700, SG740, or VIC (Seiko Advance Ltd., Japan) or black ink IR9508 from MingBo anti Forgery Technology Co ltd
• the dye layer may contain one or more black, cyan, magenta or yellow dye components
• the coloring layer can include dyes or pigments or both.
• the coloring layer may include Lumogen® Black FK 4280 or Lumogen® Black FK 4281 (BASF, Southfield, MI).
• the coloring agent is chosen from Sudan Black B® or Nigrosine Solvent black 5, and preferably is Sudan Black B®
• the coloring agent represents between 0.1 and 10% by weight of the layer, preferably between 0.2 and 3% by weight of the layer.
• the coloring layer can be varnish less than 30pm.
• the coloring layer it is possible to act on the thickness of the layer or on the mass percentage of coloring agent, in particular at least from 1%, 5% to 20%, 30%.
• the selective filter can comprise a colored polymer film (opaque in mass) such as PET loaded in its mass with dyes by a process of 'deep-dyeing' (dyeing) in "roll-to-roll” or roll-to-roll, in particular immersion in a hot bath with the dyes.
• the final dye concentration must be sufficient to provide opacity in the visible.
• the selective filter extends under face F3 beyond said through-hole, from the outside extends a masking layer or masks a resist of a peripheral masking layer,
• the selective filter extends under the face F3 beyond said through hole, in particular from the outside extends a masking layer or masks a resist of a peripheral masking layer
• the selective filter has at least one opening or discontinuity local to allow the light rays to pass, in particular for at least one additional sensor, in particular a sensor of a visible camera or a thermal camera, in particular a camera fixed to a plate in front F4 with a hole in it to let said light or electromagnetic rays pass (thermal camera).
• the selective filter can be defined by an L * 1 , a * 1 b * 1 , defined in the L * a * b * CIE 1976 color space.
• the C1 color masking layer is also defined by an L * 2, a * 2 b * 2 with a colorimetric difference DE * given by the following formula
• DE * ⁇ 4 better DE * ⁇ 2 (the human eye hardly discerns), even better DE * ⁇ 1 (the human eye does not discern).
• the selective filter under face F3 extends (largely) beyond in an edge zone of the through-hole (therefore under the second glass sheet) to form on its own a masking element, in particular a band peripheral masking and preferably along a longitudinal edge of the glazing, in particular the longitudinal edge of a windshield or even a masking frame.
• a masking element in particular a band peripheral masking and preferably along a longitudinal edge of the glazing, in particular the longitudinal edge of a windshield or even a masking frame.
• the selective filter has dual functionality and can replace all or part of the opaque enamel (opposite F2 and/or F3 and/or F4) or the ink printed on the lamination spacer traditionally used.
• the masking layer and the selective filter are optionally in separate planes and outside the through hole
• the slice of the selective filter is spaced (laterally) by no more than 100 ⁇ m from the resist so as not to see the interruption of opacity with the naked eye and the slice of the masking layer forming the edge of the resist is spaced (laterally) no more than 500 ⁇ m from the wall of the through-hole if the extent of the selective filter is to be limited.
• the masking layer is an ink deposited (printed) on the lamination insert (PVB)
• the ink be spaced from the edge of said through-hole by at least 1cm to avoid delamination.
• the masking layer is an ink deposited (printed) on the lamination insert (PVB)
• the ink be spaced from the edge of said through-hole by at least 1cm to avoid delamination.
• the selective filter is a camouflage coating on face F2 and is covered by the masking layer, in particular covering over at most 50 mm.
• the selective filter is a camouflage coating on the face F2 and the masking layer is on one of the faces FA or FB, in particular covering over at most 50mm.
• the selective filter is a camouflage coating on the face FA or FB is covered by the masking layer, for example an ink, in particular covering over at most 50mm
• the selective filter is a camouflage coating on one of the faces FA or FB and the masking layer is on the other of the faces FA or FB, in particular covering over at most 50mm.
• the selective filter is a camouflage coating on one of the faces F2, FA or FB and the masking layer is on the face F3 or F4 in particular covering (in projection) over at most 50mm.
• the opaque masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (flat with a solid edge or alternatively a gradient edge (set of patterns).
• the masking layer can be 2mm or 3mm (less than 5mm) from the edge of the glazing.
• the masking layer can be a strip framing the glazing (windshield etc.) in particular in black enamel. A saving is therefore created in this masking layer.
• Another masking layer can be opposite F3 or F4.
• the lamination spacer may comprise a PVB, optionally comprising PVB/functional film such as polymer film with athermal coating/PVB, possibly acoustic PVB, PVB possibly having a through hole or preferably partial spacer in line with the through hole.
• PVB optionally comprising PVB/functional film such as polymer film with athermal coating/PVB, possibly acoustic PVB, PVB possibly having a through hole or preferably partial spacer in line with the through hole.
• the through-hole or partial insert may be wider than the through-hole (at least before lamination), in particular by no more than 5mm or 10mm.
• the bare or coated bonding surface is in adhesive contact with the face Fb (without glue, without bonded polymer film).
• the bare bonding surface or a coating (heating for example) on the bonding surface is in adhesive contact with the face Fb (without glue, without bonded polymer film) and the face Fa is in adhesive contact with the face F2 or a coating (camouflage for example) on face F2 (without glue, without bonded polymer film).
• the binding thermoplastic film in particular another PVB, is distinct from said PVB of the lamination insert, another PVB which contains less than 15% by weight of plasticizers, preferably less than 10% by weight and even better still less than 5% by weight, and/or is said PVB of separate thickness from the lamination insert.
• PVB without plasticizer the product "MOWITAL LP BF" from the company KURARAY with the thickness that one wishes.
• the bonding film (another PVB or even PVB) can preferably be in adhesive contact with face F2 or a coating (of camouflage etc.) on face F2.
• the lamination insert can comprise another functional plastic film (transparent, clear or tinted), for example a film preferably made of poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET carrying an athermal, electrically conductive layer, etc., for example, we have PVB / functional film / PVB between faces F2 and F3.
• a functional plastic film transparent, clear or tinted
• a film preferably made of poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET carrying an athermal, electrically conductive layer, etc. for example, we have PVB / functional film / PVB between faces F2 and F3.
• the other plastic film can be between 10 and 100 ⁇ m thick.
• the other plastic film can be more widely in polyamide, polyester, polyolefin (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly ethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC).
• PET-PMMA for example of the SRF 3M® type
• the other plastic film may have a free surface before assembly.
• the invention relates to a process for manufacturing said laminated glazing as described above: a) by laminating, the bonding thermoplastic film, in particular PVB, separate or not from the interlayer material, is in adhesive contact with the face F2 or with a functional coating (camouflage, etc.) on face F2, or with face Fb of the lamination insert or with a polymer film (said other aforementioned functional film) on the face of the first sheet, the part in particular being bonded to said thermoplastic film bonding before assembly, b) or by lamination the part is in adhesive contact with the face Fb of the lamination insert, in particular the part being flexible (cold bending) or bent separately (in particular glass part) or bent simultaneously to the first and second sheets of glass (in particular glass part).
• the bonding thermoplastic film in particular PVB, separate or not from the interlayer material
• the lamination insert can of course comprise several sheets of thermoplastic material of different natures, for example of different hardnesses to ensure an acoustic function, as for example described in the publication US 6132882, in particular a set of PVB sheets of different hardnesses.
• one of the glass sheets can be thinned compared to the thicknesses conventionally used.
• the spacer can according to the invention have a wedge shape, in particular with a view to a HUD application (Head Up Display for head-up display).
• HUD application Head Up Display for head-up display
• plasticizer-free thermoplastic such as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), an ionomer resin.
• EVA ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer
• ionomer resin an ionomer resin.
• the space between the part and the wall can be filled in whole or in part (or not) with a filling material (organic and/or inorganic) which may be adhesive (in particular resin, in particular thermosetting, hot melt, for example two-component polyurethane, epoxy, etc.).
• a filling material organic and/or inorganic
• adhesive in particular resin, in particular thermosetting, hot melt, for example two-component polyurethane, epoxy, etc.
• the thickness of this material is for example less than the thickness of the second sheet and/or of the part.
• the glazing may include an insert between the wall of the through-hole and the part, in particular a closed insert if the through-hole is closed.
• An insert annular, ring type etc for example in flexible material, polymer (polycarbonate etc) can be housed, mounted on (in particular glued or in force) on the wall of the second sheet of glass:
• the insert is preferably spaced from the infrared vision system (LIDAR) and is not used for fixing it.
• the glazing therefore comprises a communication window encompassing a (first) zone of the first sheet of glass facing said through hole.
• the glazing may of course comprise another communication window.
• the glazing may therefore comprise another area of the first sheet of glass facing another through hole (closed or through) of the second sheet of glass delimited by another wall provided with another part (identical or similar to said piece), in mineral material, transparent at least to the working wavelength in the infrared, other piece, in particular with a thickness of preferably at least 0.3 mm or 0.1 mm, other piece with an edge in contact or spaced from the wall of the other hole by a distance of at most 5mm and even at most 3mm.
• a thickness of preferably at least 0.3 mm or 0.1 mm other piece with an edge in contact or spaced from the wall of the other hole by a distance of at most 5mm and even at most 3mm.
• the holes can be of similar size.
• the emerging or closed through-hole (and even the other hole) may have a constant or variable (transverse) section Sc, in particular trapezoidal or rectangular or disc-shaped or oval, is for example of smaller dimension (diameter or vertical) of at least 2cm, 3cm, 5cm and preferably of larger dimension (in particular horizontal) of at most 30cm or 25cm or 20cm.
• the through hole is facing the LIDAR receiver and the other through hole is facing the LIDAR transmitter.
• the through hole (and even the other hole) is preferably in a peripheral region, preferably the upper part of the glazing (in the mounted position), and even in a peripheral central region.
• the through hole (and even the other hole) is in particular located in one region and occupies less than 10% or even less than 1% of the glazing.
• the bottom edge of the through hole is no more than 50 cm from the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing.
• the through hole can be:
• the shape and dimensions of the through hole are configured according to the techniques of the art so as to efficiently and selectively collect all the radiation passing through the glazing (windshield, bezel, etc.), in particular in the case of the LIDAR those reflected coming from a range of solid angles outside the vehicle and coming from the zone in front of the vehicle which it is sought to capture via the LIDAR.
• the through hole (and even the other hole) can have rounded corners.
• the through hole is a notch, part of this notch will be masked by the frame of the glazing and therefore not functional for the infrared vision system. If the hole is closed is too close to the edge it is the same.
• the edge of the through hole closest to the edge of the glazing is distant from this edge of the glazing (from the second sheet) preferably at least 2cm or 3cm and better 5cm.
• the through hole may be in the central zone of the upper longitudinal edge of the windscreen, the usual zone of the interior mirror (mirror adjacent to the through hole or mirror removed depending on the vehicle) zone where a masking layer on face F2 and/or linked to the spacer is generally wider than on the adjacent side zones along the upper longitudinal edge (passenger, driver, etc.).
• the through hole (and even the other hole) and is preferably longer than it is high.
• the through hole (and even the other hole) has a horizontal dimension, called length L1, (parallel to the upper longitudinal edge) and a vertical dimension of the hole, called height H1 (perpendicular to the upper longitudinal edge), the length L1 is greater than height H1
• the section of the hole (and even the other hole) is a quadrilateral, in particular a rectangle or a trapezoid, with: - a first (large) longitudinal side called upper (closest to the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing) of length Lia preferably at most 30cm, 20cm or 15cm or 12cm
• - in height (between these first and second long sides) preferably at least 5cm and even at most 15cm.
• the first (large) longitudinal side is parallel to the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing and in particular spaced at least 5cm or 6cm from the edge (from the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing).
• the first (large) longitudinal side preferably said to be upper, is defined as the upper edge of the recessed area
• a central line M passing through the middle of the upper edge is defined, which can be an axis of symmetry glazing.
• the through hole may be central so the line M passes through the through hole and divides it into two notably identical parts.
• the glazing comprises a heating zone (by wire(s), by layer) which occupies all or part of the surface of the glazing, conventionally made of a material transparent in the visible but not necessarily sufficiently transparent the length of Infrared working wave of the infrared vision system (LIDAR) in the range from 800nm to 1800nm, especially between 850nm and 1600nm.
• LIDAR infrared vision system
• main heating zone extending over all or part of the glazing, possibly outside the zone in front of the through-hole and in front of said possible other through-hole.
• the communication window (and the other possible communication window) be protected from frost or fog, in particular by heating.
• This can be done by one or more heating metal wires located opposite the through hole or even in the vicinity or by one or more heating wires extending over all or part of the glazing.
• the arrangement of the wire(s) can help maintain overall transparency at the infrared working wavelength.
• the glazing according to the invention may comprise at least one metal wire (a serpentine wire for example) in particular heating connected to the interlayer of lamination, within the lamination or in particular on the face side Fb in particular anchored on the face Fb (or even side Fa, anchored on Fa) and possibly absent opposite said through-hole and said possible other through-hole.
• a serpentine wire for example
• the local heating zone can be connected to at least two current leads which are in particular one or more flat connectors or (in the case of a heating layer) (at least two) electrically conductive bus bars (“bus” bar) intended for connection to a voltage source such that a current path for a heating current is formed between them. It is not always necessary to have bus bars in the case of heating wire(s) for which you can use a flat connector (useful for point contacts such as wires) .
• the two current leads are preferably masked from the outside by an opaque masking layer (in the visible and the near infrared at the working wavelength) and/or by a selective filter (opaque in the visible and transparent in the near infrared) more towards the outside than the bus bars, in particular a camouflage coating on the F2 face.
• the heating layer can have a resistance per square of at most 100 or 50 or even 30 ohm/square.
• the heating layer is for example mineral.
• the power supply can be 12V, 24V, 15V, 48V
• local bus bars are preferably masked from the outside by a masking element:
• - coating and/or opaque film in the visible and the near infrared at the working wavelength
• the face F2 like an enamel (screen-printed, etc.) or on or in the lamination insert, like an ink ( printed) - selective filter (opaque in the visible and transparent in the near infrared at the working wavelength) preferably camouflage coating on the face F2.
• the local heating zone in particular the local heating layer, can extend beyond the through-hole, for example over 30 mm at most. It can be of the same shape as the through hole, in particular homothetic (trapezoidal, etc.) or even of any other shape, for example rectangular (and trapezoidal hole).
• the two local busbars or flat connector(s) are then preferably all or part offset from the through-hole under face F3 and even masked from the outside as already described.
• the local heating layer can be spaced from the connecting surface, in particular under the through-hole and extending under the face F3, with the two local bus bars all or part offset from the through-hole, under the face F3 and even hidden from the outside as already described.
• the first and second bus bars are preferably separated by at most 1 cm from the through hole.
• the local heating layer can be spaced or on the connecting surface, and the two local busbars are separated by at most 30cm or even 20cm, even are lateral, in particular vertical or oblique, along the short sides of the trapezoidal through-hole.
• the local heating layer can be on the connecting surface with the two local bus bars, preferably on the periphery, masked from the outside as already described by the opaque masking layer and/or by a selective filter, in particular a camouflage coating on face F2.
• the opaque masking layer can then overflow under and on the periphery of the through-hole.
• the bus bars are on either side of the through hole
• the first and second bus bars, in particular in the vicinity of the through hole, are on two opposite sides of the through hole
• One or more (local) bus bars can be continuous or discontinuous in sections.
• the (local) bus bars are notably rectangular strip-shaped which are (at least partly) outside the through-hole area
• the width of the (local) bus bars is preferably 2mm to 30mm, particularly preferably 4mm to 20mm and in particular 10mm to 20mm.
• a (local) busbar in particular layered (printed), preferably contains at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal and/or carbon compound, in particular preferably a noble metal and, in particular, silver.
• the printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metallic and/or carbon particles and, in particular, noble metal particles such as silver particles.
• the thickness of a layered (printed) bus bar may be preferably 5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 8 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m and more preferably 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m.
• an electrically conductive foil in particular a strip, for example rectangular, can be used for one or each (local) bus bar.
• the busbar then contains, for example, at least aluminium, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof.
• This sheet bus bar (strip) preferably has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
• the foil busbar is particularly used for the heating wires bonded to the lamination interlayer.
• the first bus bar is preferably (substantially) horizontal and closest to the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing and the second bus bar is then preferably (substantially) horizontal, first and second bus bar on either side of the through hole.
• the voltage power supply is for example by 15V or 48V.
• the length of the busbars for example equal to or longer than the sides of the through-hole facing them, is adapted as required.
• the distance between bus bars is at most 20cm or 10cm or 6cm.
• the power supply of the (first, second) bus bars can be done without connectors, wire ('wireless' in English) and/or with a connector (wires, flat connectors etc).
• the bus bars can be lateral, i.e. to the left and to the right of the through hole along the side edges of the glazing.
• the first bus bar can preferably be lateral (vertical or oblique) and the second bus bar is then preferably (substantially) lateral (vertical or oblique), first and second bus bar on either side of the through hole.
• the first local bus bar (sheet or coating) is adjacent and even parallel to a first long side of the trapezoidal (or rectangular) through hole, preferably long side closest to the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing,
• the second local bus bar (sheet or coating) is adjacent and even parallel to a second long side of the trapezoidal (or rectangular) through-hole, bus bars on either side of the through-hole
• the first local bus bar (sheet or coating) is adjacent and even parallel to a first short side of the trapezoidal (or rectangular) through hole
• the second local bus bar (sheet or coating) is adjacent and even parallel to a second first short side of the trapezoidal (or rectangular) through-hole, bus bars on either side of the through-hole.
• bus bars substantially horizontal or lateral, common or dedicated bus bars
• the bus bars can be curved to follow the shape of the through-hole.
• bus bars under and/or offset from the through-hole vertical or oblique lateral bus bars (parallel with respect to the short sides of the through-hole) may be preferred because the horizontal bus bars can generate local extra thicknesses favoring distortions.
• the first local heating zone and/or global heating zone comprises for example one or a plurality of individual metallic wires, called “metallic heating wires” which connect “busbars” together.
• the heating current passes through these individual metal wires.
• the glazing may comprise at least one first metal wire (a serpentine wire for example) in particular heating connected to the lamination insert facing the through hole in particular:
• the heating metal wire(s) in particular have a thickness of less than or equal to 0.1 mm, preferably copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminum or alloys of at least two of these metals.
• the wire or wires are advantageously very thin so as not, or only very little, to deteriorate the transparency of the glazing.
• the metal wire or wires have a thickness less than or equal to 0.1 mm, in particular between 0.02 and 0.04 mm, and ideally between 0.024 mm and 0.029 mm.
• the metal wire or wires preferably contain copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminum or an alloy of at least two of these metals.
• the alloy may also contain molybdenum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium or platinum.
• the metal wire or wires are preferably electrically insulated.
• the glazing according to the invention comprises a functional element linked to the lamination insert:
• the functional element (flexible, curved) - of sub-milimetric thickness - comprising a (flexible) polymer sheet of sub-milimetric thickness in particular of at most 200 ⁇ m or 100 ⁇ m, in particular conductive polymer, and optionally on the polymer sheet (on a first side main oriented on the face side F2 or F3), a coating in particular electrically conductive (transparent in the visible) in particular forming said aforementioned local heating layer or a camouflage coating (such as said aforementioned selective filter) or an opaque element -in the visible and at the working wavelength- (opaque polymer film or camouflage coating on the polymer sheet).
• the functional element has a first zone facing the through hole, in particular being a local heating element or selective filter, preferably with the electrically conductive coating.
• Said functional element, in particular a heating element is transparent to the working wavelength in the infrared at least in the area facing the through-hole.
• the optional (electroconductive) coating is optionally absent or protrudes by at most 1cm, 5mm or 3mm (from the walls) of the through-hole.
• this functional (heating) element is for example opaque or rendered opaque in the visible.
• this functional (heating) element extends a peripheral masking layer (enamel for example) in particular on face F2 or on the interlayer (ink) which is a strip in order to create (seen from the outside) an enlarged opaque zone, in particular in the central zone.
• This element functional can be local, in the region of the through hole (occupying a fraction of the surface of the glazing) and occupying less than 30, 10%, 5% of the glazing.
• the functional element can be of any generally rectangular, square shape, identical and even homothetic to the shape of the through hole.
• the distance between the upper longitudinal edge and the functional element can be at most 30mm, 20mm 15 and even 10mm.
• the functional element comprises on the first main face facing side F2 or F3 an electrically conductive coating forming a (local) heating layer facing the through hole, -thus defining a local heating zone -
• the sheet comprises on the first main face or the second opposite main face a camouflage coating opposite the through hole and even exceeding under the face F3 or an opaque masking element (opaque film bonded or coating) shifted at least in part (absent from the center) of the through hole in particular absent or protruding by at most 50mm in the through hole.
• a camouflage coating opposite the through hole and even exceeding under the face F3 or an opaque masking element (opaque film bonded or coating) shifted at least in part (absent from the center) of the through hole in particular absent or protruding by at most 50mm in the through hole.
• the opaque zone of the opaque element can occupy substantially the entire surface of the functional element, or at least 80% or 90% and with an opening in line with the through hole.
• the dimensions of the opening can be smaller, equal or larger than those of the through hole.
• the opaque masking element may protrude into the through-hole in particular by at most 50mm, 20mm, 10mm and even by at least 5mm, 7mm, 2mm.
• the bus bars are on the polymer sheet, possibly under or on the opaque masking element (on the same first face, for example oriented towards face Fb) or spaced from the masking element (on the same first face, for example oriented towards face Fb or on the second main face).
• the polymer film comprises an electrically conductive coating present at least opposite the through hole, for example of shape homothetic to the hole (trapezoidal).
• the electrically conductive coating (heating or not) can also occupy substantially the entire surface of the polymer film or less than 70%, 80%. Any busbars linked to the conductive coating are outside the first zone but in the vicinity, preferably for example less than 1 cm.
• the electrically conductive coating can be oriented towards the F2 face or the through-hole side. Its thickness can be submicron. It is a single or multi-layered mineral.
• the functional element can have a shape (trapezoidal, rectangular) etc. with rounded corners.
• the polymer sheet of the functional element can be a plastic film, in particular with a thickness of between 10 and 100 ⁇ m.
• the plastic film can be more widely in polyamide, polyester, polyolefin (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly ethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC ).
• a clear film of coated PET for example XIR from the company Eastman
• a coextruded film of PET-PMMA for example of the SRF 3M® type
• many other films for example in PC, PE , PEN, PMMA, PVC.
• the functional element may comprise on the first main face (electrocondcutor coating side or opposite side) or an opposite face one or more elements, in particular humidity sensors, rain sensor, light sensor (photodiode) , sensor forming an antenna, for receiving and/or transmitting electromagnetic waves (radio, TV, in particular local communication network such as BLUETOOTH, WIFI, WLAN), an acoustic sensor (based on a piezoelectric element), a ultrasonic signal, a diagnostic sensor, a control detector (windscreen wiper, etc.), for example IR control or voice control (piezoelectric), an electroluminescent screen (organic or inorganic, liquid crystal, etc.).
• the number of openings of the opaque functional element is adapted according to the number of sensors and camera, screen(s) requiring it.
• the glazing may comprise on the face F2, a functional film bonded to the face F2 (by adhesive for example sensitive to pressure or preferably a coating functional element of sub-milimetric thickness, in particular of at most 200 ⁇ m or 100 ⁇ m, functional element (functional coating) with a first zone opposite the through hole, functional element (functional coating) transparent to at least the so-called working wavelength in the infrared at least in the first zone, in particular heating or preferably camouflage coating forming a selective filter (like the one mentioned above).
• the functional element (functional coating) on the face F2 can be local, in the region of the through hole and occupy less than 30, 10%, 5% of the glazing.
• the functional element (functional coating) on face F2 can be of any generally rectangular, square shape, identical and even homothetic to the shape of the through hole.
• the functional element on face F2 can be a coating which:
• an adjacent layer on the face F2 in particular an opaque masking layer (in particular black, enamel or other) with a resist in line with the through-hole.
• the glazing may comprise between the face F2 and Fa, an opaque masking layer, in particular an enamel (black, etc.) on the face F2 and/or on the face Fa (in particular on Fa, an ink, in particular black, etc.), at the edge of the through hole between the face F2 and Fa, in particular in the peripheral and even central zone and preferably along the longitudinal edge of the glazing.
• an opaque masking layer in particular an enamel (black, etc.) on the face F2 and/or on the face Fa (in particular on Fa, an ink, in particular black, etc.)
• the masking layer is for example on face F2 and the camouflage coating is on the masking layer or under the masking layer and/or the masking layer is on face Fa and the camouflage coating on face F2 is contact with the masking layer.
• the masking layer can then have a relief in line with said through-hole (at least in the central zone) and preferably protrudes by at most 50mm, 30mm or 20mm or 10mm, 7mm or 5mm into said through-hole.
• This masking layer will mask the infrared vision system and/or for example its casing.
• a masking layer can be a layer printed on the lamination interlayer, for example on the PVB.
• the opaque masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (flat with a solid edge or alternatively a gradient edge (set of patterns).
• the masking layer can be 2mm or 3mm (less than 5mm) from the edge of the glazing (the closest).
• the masking layer can be a strip framing the glazing (windshield etc.) in particular in black enamel. A resist is therefore created in this masking layer.
• Another masking layer (especially black enamel, etc.) can be on the face F3 or F4, in particular, facing the masking layer (and even of an identical nature, for example an especially black enamel).
• the glazing may therefore comprise on face F2 (or on face F3 or even on a polymer film between face F2 and F3) a functional (athermal) layer, extending over all or part of the glazing, in particular transparent electrically conductive (in the visible), possibly heating, in particular a silver stack, or even an opaque masking layer, in particular an enamel, functional layer absorbing at the working wavelength in the infrared and
• a functional coating is on the face F2, transparent to the working wavelength, is opposite the through hole, in particular local heating layer (as mentioned above) or camouflage coating forming a selective filter (as mentioned above), optionally being in contact with said functional layer, in particular on or under the functional layer
• the functional layer can then have a recess in line with said through-hole (at least in the central zone) and preferably which protrudes by at most 50mm, 30mm or 20mm or 10mm, 7mm or 5mm into said through-hole.
• the transparent electroconductive functional layer can comprise a stack of thin layers comprising at least one metallic functional layer such as silver (in F2 or preferably F3 or on a polymer film).
• the or each functional layer (silver) is disposed between dielectric layers.
• the functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example, silver, gold, copper, nickel and chromium or, or a metal alloy.
• the functional layers in particular preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal.
• Functional layers can be made of metal for the metal alloy.
• the functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or a silver-containing alloy.
• the thickness of a functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, more preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm.
• a dielectric layer contains at least one individual layer made of a dielectric material, for example, containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide.
• the dielectric layer can however also contain a plurality of individual layers, for example, individual layers of a dielectric material, layers, smoothing layers, which correspond to blocking layers and/or so-called antireflection layers.
• the thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm. This layer structure is generally obtained by a succession of deposition operations which are carried out by a vacuum process such as field-supported magnetic sputtering.
• the transparent electrically conductive layer is a layer (monolayer or multilayer, therefore stack) preferably with a total thickness less than or equal to 2 ⁇ m, in a particularly preferred manner less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m.
• the glazing is a windshield of a road vehicle (car) or even a rail vehicle (at moderate speed).
• the glass of the first sheet of glass and/or of the second sheet of glass it is preferably a glass of the silico-sodo-lime type.
• the interior and/or exterior glass may have undergone a chemical or heat treatment such as hardening, annealing or tempering (for better mechanical resistance in particular) or be semi-tempered.
• the glass of the first sheet of glass and/or of the second sheet of glass is preferably of the float type, that is to say likely to have been obtained by a process consisting in pouring the molten glass onto a bath of molten tin (“float” bath).
• float bath of molten tin
• the term “atmosphere” and “tin” faces means the faces that have been respectively in contact with the atmosphere prevailing in the float bath and in contact with the molten tin.
• the tin face contains a small surface quantity of tin having diffused into the structure of the glass. It is the same for the part which can be in float glass.
• the inner surface (with a reflective element, coating, etc.) can either be the "tin" side or the "atmosphere” side.
• T L light transmission factor
• the light transmission T L of the laminated glazing in a zone without a hole is preferably at least 70% or 75%, 80% or 85%, 88%.
• the second sheet of glass is notably green, blue, gray.
• the second sheet of glass can be green with Fe2Ü3 or even blue with CoO and Se or gray with Se and CoO.
• TSAnx 0.5 to 0.6% iron
• TSA2+ TSA3+
• TSA4+ 1% iron
• TSA5+ TSA5+
• the TSA3+ (2.1mm) for example has a total transmission at 905mm of about 40% and at 1550mm of about 50%.
• the second sheet of glass may have a redox being defined as being the ratio between the content by weight of FeO (ferrous iron) and the content by weight of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe 2 ⁇ 3 ) between 0.22 and 0.35 or 0.30.
• Said second sheet of glass may have a chemical composition which comprises the following constituents in a content varying within the weight limits defined below: Si0 2 64 - 75% Al2O3 0 - 5% B2O3 0 - 5%, CaO 2 - 15%
• Fe2Ü3 total iron at least 0.4% and even 0.4 to 1.5%, Optionally Redox 0.22 - 0.3 And in particular less than 0.1% impurities.
• the first sheet of glass may for example be a silico-soda-lime glass such as Diamant® glass from Saint-Gobain Glass, or Optiwhite® from Pilkington, or B270® from Schott, or Sunmax® from AGC or of another composition. described in document WO04/025334. You can also choose Planiclear® glass from Saint-Gobain Glass.
• the laminated glazing according to the invention in particular for a passenger car (windshield, etc.) or truck, can be curved (curved) in one or more directions, in particular with a radius of curvature of 10cm for the first sheet, the second and possibly the part. at 40cm. It can be plane for buses, trains, tractors.
• the total weight content of iron oxide is around 0.1% (1000 ppm).
• the Fe2Ü3 (total iron) content of the first glass sheet is preferably less than 0.015%, or even less than or equal to 0.012%, in particular 0.010%, in order to increase the near infrared transmission of the glass.
• the Fe2Ü3 content is preferably greater than or equal to 0.005%, in particular 0.008% so as not to penalize the cost of the glass too much.
• the ferrous iron content can be reduced in favor of the ferric iron content, thus oxidizing the iron present in the glass.
• the aim is thus for glasses with the lowest possible "redox", ideally zero or almost zero. This number can vary between 0 and 0.9, harmful redox corresponding to a totally oxidized glass. Glasses comprising small amounts of iron oxide, in particular less than 200 ppm, or even less than 150 ppm, have a natural tendency to present high redox values, greater than 0.4, or even 0.5. This trend is probably due to a shift in iron redox equilibrium as a function of iron oxide content.
• the redox of the first sheet of glass is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. Too low redox indeed contribute to the reduction of the lifespan of the furnaces.
• the silica S1O2 is generally kept within narrow limits for the following reasons. Above 75%, the viscosity of the glass and its ability to devitrify greatly increase, which makes it more difficult to melt and pour it onto the bath of molten tin. At- below 60%, in particular 64%, the hydrolytic resistance of the glass decreases rapidly.
• the preferred content is between 65 and 75%, in particular between 71 and 73%.
• Said first sheet of glass may have a chemical composition which comprises the following constituents in a content varying within the weight limits defined below:
• Fe 2 03 total iron 0 to 0.015%, and Redox 0.1 -0.3.
• the part can have a chemical composition that includes the following constituents in a content varying within the weight limits defined below:
• Fe 2 03 total iron 0 to 0.015%, and Redox 0.1 -0.3.
• the glass sheets are preferably formed by floating on a bath of tin.
• Other types of forming processes can be employed, such as stretching processes, down-draw process, rolling process, Fourcault process, etc.
• the glass composition of the first sheet of glass may comprise, in addition to the unavoidable impurities contained in particular in the raw materials, a small proportion (up to 1%) of other constituents, for example agents aiding melting or refining of glass (Cl, etc.), or even elements resulting from the dissolution of refractories used in the construction of furnaces (for example ZG0 2 ).
• the composition according to the invention preferably does not comprise oxides such as Sb 2 0 3 , As2O3 or CeC>2.
• the composition of the first sheet of glass preferably does not include any infrared absorber (in particular for a wavelength of between 800 and 1800 nm).
• the composition according to the invention preferably does not contain any of the following agents: oxides of transition elements such as CoO, CuO, Cr 2 U 3 , NiO, MnC>2, V2O5, rare earth oxides such such as CeC>2, La 2 03, Nd 2 03, Er 2 C>3, or else coloring agents in the elemental state such as Se, Ag, Cu.
• the first sheet of glass (and even the part) has a chemical composition which comprises the following constituents in a content varying within the weight limits defined below:
• the first sheet of glass (and even the part) may have a chemical composition which includes the following constituents in a content varying within the weight limits defined below:
• Fe 2 03 total iron 0 to 0.02%, and Redox 0.15 - 0.3.
• the Fe 2 O 3 (total iron) content is preferably less than 0.015%, or even less than or equal to 0.012%, in particular 0.010%, in order to increase the near infrared transmission of the glass.
• the Fe 2 O 3 content is preferably greater than or equal to 0.005%, in particular 0.008% so as not to penalize the cost of the glass too much (of the second sheet of glass and the part).
• the redox is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. Too low redox indeed contribute to the reduction of the lifespan of the furnaces.
• silica S1O2 is generally kept within narrow limits for the following reasons. Above 75%, the viscosity of the glass and its ability to devitrify greatly increase, which makes it more difficult to melt and pour it onto the bath of molten tin. Below 60%, in particular 64%, the hydrolytic resistance of the glass decreases rapidly.
• the preferred content is between 65 and 75%, in particular between 71 and
• compositions according to the invention for the first sheet of glass or even the part are reproduced below:
• compositions according to the invention for the first sheet of glass or even the part are reproduced below:
• the invention also relates to a device which comprises:
• an infrared vision system with a working wavelength in the infrared (or even multi-spectral, also in the visible, in particular between 500 and 600 nm), placed in the passenger compartment behind said glazing and comprising a transmitter and/or receiver, so as to send and/or receive radiation passing through the first sheet of glass at the level of the through hole.
• the infrared vision system can be of different technologies. It measures the vehicle surroundings by determining the distance from the nearest object to the vehicle in a wide range of angular directions. Thus the environment of the vehicle can be reconstructed in 3D.
• the technology used is based on the sending of a light beam, and its reception after having been diffusely reflected on an obstacle. This can be done by a rotating source, scanned by micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), or by an all-solid system. A single flash of light can also illuminate the environment globally.
• MEMS micro electromechanical systems
• the infrared vision system is preferably spaced from the antireflection element.
• the part according to the invention is preferably spaced from the infrared vision system (LIDAR) and/or is not used for fixing it.
• the infrared vision system (LIDAR) can be opposite or offset from said through hole (and from the part), for example an optical system is between the part and the infrared vision system (LIDAR).
• the infrared vision system (LIDAR) is for example fixed via the face F4 and/or the bodywork, the roof lining.
• the infrared vision system (LIDAR) can be remote.
• the infrared vision system (LiDAR) is for example integrated into a multifunction plate or base capable of (designed to) optimize its positioning vis-à-vis the windscreen and the part by being glued to the face F4.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 100a in a first embodiment of the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR.
• FIG. 2a is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 100a of the first embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2b is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 100b in the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2c is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 100b in the second variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 3 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 200 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a second embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 4 schematically shows a front view (passenger compartment side) of this windshield 200.
• FIG. 5a schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 300 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a third embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 5b schematically shows a front view (cockpit side) of this windshield 300.
• FIG. 6 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 400 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a fourth mode of carrying out the invention.
• FIG. 7 schematically shows a front view (passenger compartment side) of this windshield 400
• FIG. 8 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 500 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a fifth mode of carrying out the invention.
• FIG. 9a is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of this windshield 500a of FIG. 8.
• FIG. 10a schematically shows a front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 501 as a variant of the fifth embodiment.
• FIG. 9b is a schematic front view of a windshield (passenger compartment side) of a variant of the fifth embodiment.
• FIG. 10b is a schematic front view of a windshield (passenger compartment side) of another variant of the fifth embodiment.
• FIG. 11 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 600 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a sixth embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 12 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 700 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a seventh embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 13 is a schematic front view (interior side) of the windshield 700.
• FIG. 14 is a schematic front view (interior side) of the windshield 700 in the first variant.
• FIG. 15 is a schematic front view (interior side) of the windshield 702 in the second variant.
• FIG. 16 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 800 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in an eighth embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 17 is a sectional view diagramming the bending of a part according to the invention simultaneously with the bending of the first and second sheets of glass.
• FIG. 1 diagrams a windshield of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, 100a according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR at 905nm or 1550nm comprising a transmitter/receiver 7.
• an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR at 905nm or 1550nm comprising a transmitter/receiver 7.
• FIG. 2a is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 100a of the first embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2b is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 100b in the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2c is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 100b in the second variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
• This vision system 7 is placed behind the windshield facing an area which is preferably located in the central and upper part of the windshield.
• the infrared vision system is oriented at a certain angle with respect to the surface of the windshield (face F4 14).
• the transmitter/receiver 7 can be oriented directly towards the image capture zone, in a direction close to the parallel on the ground, that is to say slightly inclined towards the road.
• the transmitter/receiver 7 of the LIDAR can be oriented towards the road at a low angle with a field of vision adapted to fulfill their functions.
• the receiver 7 is dissociated from the transmitter, in particular adjacent.
• the windshield 100a is a curved laminated glazing comprising:
• an internal glass sheet 2 for example of thickness or even 1.6 mm or even less, with outer face F3 and inner face F4 on the passenger compartment side
• thermoplastic material 3 single or multi-sheet
• PVB polyvinyl butyral
• acoustic PVB three-layer or four-layer
• the road vehicle windshield in particular is curved.
• the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of the first, second sheets of curved glass 1, 2 and the spacer 3.
• a clear PVB of 0.76 mm is chosen.
• the first sheet of glass in particular based on silica, soda lime, soda lime (preferably), aluminosilicate or borosilicate, has a content by weight of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe 2 Ü 3 ) of at most 0 0.05% (500ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300ppm) and at most 0.015% (150ppm) and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%.
• the first sheet of glass may have a redox greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. In particular, a 1.95mm OPTWHITE glass is chosen.
• the second glass sheet 2 in particular based on silica, soda-lime, preferably soda-calcium (like the first glass sheet), or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, has a content by weight of total iron oxide of at least 0.4% and preferably at most 1.5%.
• the windshield 100a comprises:
• hole 4 therefore delimited by a wall of the glass 401 to 404
• a central line M passing through the middle of the upper edge is defined, which can be an axis of symmetry of the glazing.
• the through hole 4 can be central so the line M passes divides it into two identical parts.
• the through hole is here a closed hole (surrounded by the wall of the glass sheet), therefore within the glazing in particular - of trapezoidal section - comprising:
• the height (between the long sides 401 402) is at least 5cm here 6cm.
• the other hole can be the same size and shape. For example these are two horizontal holes.
• the through-hole 4 can alternatively be a notch, for example of trapezoidal (FIG. 2b) or rectangular (FIG. 2c) shape, therefore a through-hole preferably emerging on the roof side (on the upper longitudinal edge 10).
• the through hole can have rounded corners (figure 2b and 2c)
• the through hole 4 which is closed or emerges may be in another region of the windshield 100a or even in another window of the vehicle, in particular the rear window.
• the windshield 100a comprises on the face F2 12 an opaque masking layer, for example black 5, such as an enamel layer or a lacquer, forming a peripheral frame of the windshield (or of the bezel) in particular along the upper longitudinal edge 10 of the glazing and in particular along the left side edge 10' of the glazing.
• an opaque masking layer for example black 5
• black 5 such as an enamel layer or a lacquer
• the outer edge 50 of the masking layer 5 closest to the edge 10 of the glazing can be spaced from 1 or 2 mm to a few cm from the edge 10 (longitudinal edge).
• the opaque masking layer 5 here has a greater width in the central zone than in the other peripheral zones, on either side of the central zone.
• the masking layer 5 has an internal (longitudinal) edge 51 in the central zone of the windshield and an internal (longitudinal) edge 52 on either side of the central zone.
• This central zone being provided with the closed hole 4 (FIG. 2a), this masking layer 5 comprises:
• the first saving here is of the same trapezoidal shape as the hole 4 with two long sides 501, 502 and two short sides 503, 504.
• the first saving can preferably be of the same size or smaller than the hole 4, for example the walls 501 to 504 delimiting the first recess extending by at most 50 mm or 10 mm or even 5 mm from the walls of the glass 401 to 404.
• it is a rectangle or any other shape in particular inscribed in the surface of the through-hole (trapezoidal or other).
• the masking layer 4 is capable of masking the casing 8 (plastic, metal, etc.) of the LIDAR 7.
• the casing 8 can be glued to the face F4 14 by an adhesive 6 and to the roof 80.
• the casing can be fixed to a plate 8 'mounted in front F4 perforated to allow said IR rays to pass.
• the windshield 100a can comprise a set of almost invisible metal wires, for example of 50 ⁇ m which are placed in or on one face of the lamination insert 3 (over the entire surface), for example the face Fb 32 side face F3, in the form of straight lines or not. These almost invisible metal wires are absent here in line with the through-hole 4.
• the through-hole and possibly under the through-hole (under the face F3) and/or superficial to the face F4 there is a part 9 made of transparent mineral material (in particular glass or glass-ceramic) at least at the so-called wavelength of work in the infrared of the LIDAR in a range going from 800nm to 1800nm, in particular from 850nm to 1600nm, in particular 905 ⁇ 30nm and/or 1550 ⁇ 30nm,
• transparent mineral material in particular glass or glass-ceramic
• the part 9 has a main so-called bonding surface 91, in particular bare or covered with a functional layer, here (and preferably) bonded with the main face Fb here in adhesive contact and a main surface 92 called the inner surface at the opposite of the bonding surface,
• the inner surface comprising an antireflection element at said working wavelength, for example an antireflection coating of porous silica 110 nm thick.
• Part 9 is preferably at least 0.1 mm or even 0.3 mm thick and better if necessary (for mechanical strength, etc.) at least 0.7 mm and preferably at most 3 mm, in particular part of size (width and/or area) smaller than the through hole,
• Part 9 has a slice in contact with or spaced from the wall 401, 402 delimiting the through hole by at most 5mm, preferably spaced apart and by a distance of at most 2mm and even ranging from 0.3 to 2mm.
• the part is, for example, a 0.5 to 3 mm extra-clear glass, soda-lime silica, curved and heat-tempered.
• the first sheet of glass 1 and part 9 can be a 1.95mm OPTIWHITE®.
• the piece is alternatively a curved flexible glass of 0.5mm or 0.7mm extra clear and possibly chemically toughened.
• it is Gorilla® glass.
• FIG. 3 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 200 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a second embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of this windshield 200. Only the differences with the first mode are explained below.
• Part 9 is a curved flexible glass preferably of at least 0.1mm, for example 0.3mm or 0.5mm or 0.7mm, extra clear and optionally tempered.
• the first sheet of glass comprises, on the face F2, a camouflage coating 110, transparent at the working wavelength in the infrared and absorbing in the visible.
• the camouflage coating 110 is rectangular in shape (longitudinal edges 111, 112, and lateral edges 113, 114) in this peripheral region (dotted in Figure 4 because not visible)
• the edges 111 to 114 of the camouflage coating possibly protrude between the face F2 12 and the face Fa 31, for example by a maximum of 10mm or 5mm from the walls 401 to 404 delimiting the through hole 4.
• the camouflage coating 110 is on the face F2 and slightly covers any masking layer 5 on face F2.
• the camouflage coating 110 alternately has another shape, for example a shape homothetic to that of the section of the through-hole, therefore for example a trapezoidal shape.
• the camouflage coating 110 does not protrude from the through hole and even is spaced from the edge of the through hole preferably by no more than 1cm or 5mm
• the camouflage coating 110 is spaced from the masking layer (for example which is opposite F2 in particular the enamel) or at least does not cover it.
• FIG. 5a schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 300 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a third embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 5b is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of this windshield 300. Only the differences with the first mode are explained below.
• the lamination spacer 3 for example in two sheets of PVB 33.34, has a partial spacer hole to the right of the through hole 4 (for example complete hole on the sheet 34 on the face side F3).
• the spacer hole may preferably be of the same size or larger than the hole 4 and possibly even be a closed partial spacer hole in the thickness of the lamination spacer 3 delimited by a spacer wall 301 at 304.
• the spacer hole is here of the same trapezoidal shape as the hole 4 with two long sides 301, 302 and two short sides 303, 304.
• the spacer hole can preferably be of the same size or larger than the hole 4 by example the walls 301 to 304 delimiting the spacer hole being set back by at most 10mm or 5mm from the walls of the lens 401 to 404. Alternatively, it is a rectangle or any other shape encompassing the surface of the through hole (trapezoidal Or other).
• a polymer film forming a selective filter 110′ is bonded by an adhesive, for example pressure-sensitive adhesive 81, to the bonding surface 91.
• FIG. 6 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 400 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 7 is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 700 of Figure 6.
• the opaque masking layer 5 is not widened in the central zone (passing through M).
• a functional element forming a selective filter 60 completes the masking (for the exterior) in this central zone and is arranged within the lamination insert, for example in two sheets of PVB. It has an upper edge 601 under the enamel zone 5 and a lower edge 602 towards the center of the windshield, for example under an athermal layer 70 on the face F2 12.
• the athermal electroconductive layer 70 (solar control, heating, etc.) is absent or provided with a first trapezoidal recess (in a rectangular variant or any other shape) in line with the through hole 4.
• the functional masking element 60 comprises a sheet or support, in particular a polymer, for example PET, of 100 ⁇ m, transparent to the LIDAR working wavelength with a first main face on the face side F2 61 and with a second main face on the face side F3 62 .
• the first face 61 (alternatively the second main face 62) carries a camouflage coating that is opaque in the visible 63 and transparent at the working wavelength.
• the first face 61 (alternatively the second main face 62) carries an opaque coating in the visible and the infrared provided with a trapezoidal shield (in a rectangular variant or any other shape) in line with the through hole 4 .
• the insert 60 can carry a sensor (antenna, etc.) of a luminescent screen, in particular on the face 62 on the F3 side.
• the opaque insert 60 can comprise one or more savings for these sensors.
• FIG. 8 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 500 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a fifth embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 9a is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of this windshield 500a of FIG. 8.
• FIG. 10a is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 501 as a variant of the fifth embodiment.
• Part 9 is a camouflage part, for example glass-ceramic or colloidal glass.
• a functional heating element 60 is arranged within the lamination insert 3, for example in two sheets of PVB. It has an upper edge 601 under the enamel zone 5 and a lower edge 602 towards the center of the windshield. It extends to cover the through-hole region 4.
• the functional heating element 60 comprises a polymeric sheet or support, for example 100 ⁇ m PET, transparent to the LIDAR working wavelength with a first main face on the face side F2 61 and with a second main face on the face side F3 62.
• the support is rectangular in shape with horizontal longitudinal edges 601 and 602.
• the second face 62 (alternatively the first main face 61) carries a heating coating 64, for example of rectangular shape (same shape as the film
• the heating coating is made of a material transparent to at least the so-called working wavelength in the infrared.
• the horizontal longitudinal edges or long sides 641, 643 of the layer 64 can be parallel to the long sides of the through hole 4.
• the short sides 642, 644 can be parallel to the short sides of the through hole.
• the rectangular heating zone 64 is provided with two current leads or first and second local (dedicated) horizontal busbars 65,66 offset from the through hole on either side of the long sides of the through hole 4 supplied with voltage 67 for example by 15V or 48V or even 12V or 24V.
• the length of the busbars is preferably equal or longer than the long sides of the through hole.
• the substantially horizontal bus bars can be curved to follow the shape of the through-hole.
• the heating functional element 60 can carry a sensor (antenna and) an electroluminescent screen, in particular on the face 62 on the F3 side.
• the functional heating element 60 can also serve as camouflage by adding a camouflage coating as described previously (especially if the part 9 is transparent). Its extent is adapted, the camouflage coating can preferably be on the face 61 here opposite the heating layer or alternatively even on all or part of the heating layer and the bus bars (preferably on the face
• Figure 9b is a schematic front view of a windshield 500b (passenger compartment side) of a variant of Figure 9a.
• the support 60 is removed and the heating layer 64 with the horizontal bus bars 65, 66 is placed on the connecting surface 92 of the part 9.
• the heating layer is by example of the same shape as the trapezoidal part here.
• the horizontal longitudinal edges or long sides 641, 643 of the layer 64 are parallel to the long sides of the part 9.
• the short sides 642, 644 are parallel to the short sides of the part 9.
• the first second bus bars are lateral 65, 66 here vertical or alternatively oblique with respect to the short sides of the through hole 4.
• the heating layer is rectangular or the same shape as the part.
• Figure 10b is a schematic front view of a windshield 502 (passenger compartment side) of a variant of Figure 10a.
• the support 60 is removed and the heating layer 64 with the oblique bus bars 65, 66 is placed on the connecting surface 92 of the part 9.
• the bus bars 65, 66 are parallel to the short sides of the part (and of the layer 64).
• FIG. 11 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 600 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a sixth embodiment of the invention.
• Part 9 is transparent.
• the functional heating element 60 also serves as camouflage by adding a camouflage coating 63 as described above. Its extent is adapted, the camouflage coating can preferably be on the face 61 here opposite the heating layer or alternatively even on all or part of the heating layer and bus bars 65, 66.
• the PVB has a partial spacer hole (through hole in the face side sheet F3).
• the part is in adhesive contact with a 3′ bonding film which can be made of the same or different material from the PVB and/or of the same or different thickness of said second sheet
• the 3' bonding film is not necessarily discernible from said second sheet (and forming a continuity of PVB by creep, edges 301' and 302' being in contact with edges 301 and 302)
• FIG. 12 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 700 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a seventh embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 13 is a schematic front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 700.
• the FIG. 14 schematically shows a front view (passenger compartment side) of the windshield 700 in the first variant.
• FIG. 15 is a schematic front view (interior side) of the windshield 702 in the second variant.
• the face Fb 32 comprises a first heating metal wire 68, anchored to the lamination spacer, facing the through hole 4, the first meandering wire.
• Wire 68 can also be on the Fa side or within the lamination insert.
• the power supply can be adapted accordingly.
• a flat connector can be used in the upper area, for example between the hole and the upper longitudinal edge.
• the local heating zone has a plurality of heating wires 68, and connected to the power supply by two adjacent horizontal busbars 65, 66 in the upper zone above the through hole 4 or by a flat connector.
• the first local heating zone comprises a plurality of first heating wires 67, and connected to the power supply by first and second horizontal busbars 65, 66 on either side of the through hole 4.
• FIG. 16 schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 800 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in an eighth embodiment of the invention.
• Part 9 is transparent. It may have a functional coating 101' on the bonding surface 91.
• the heating functional element 60 is glued to the face F2 by an adhesive 81 and is in adhesive contact with the face Fa 31.
• the heating functional element 60 also serves as camouflage by adding a camouflage coating 63 on the face 61 here opposite the heating layer or alternatively even on all or part of the heating layer and the bus bars (preferably on face 61).
• FIG. 17 is a sectional view which schematizes the bending of a glass part 9 with its antireflection element 91 (or its precursor) according to the invention simultaneously with the bending of the first and second sheets of glass 1, 2.
• the bending comprises a quenching operation.
• Part 9 is therefore curved, made of tempered glass with a thickness of preferably at least 0.7 mm and follows the curvature of the first sheet of glass.
• the antireflection element is preferably produced before or during bending.
• it is a coating (precursor of silica sol gel with pore-forming agent) which is heat-treated (to eliminate the pore-forming agent) by bending to have the anti-reflective function, for example to form nanopores.

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• Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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• Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

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• 2022
  • 2022-02-18 US US18/546,912 patent/US20240123709A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-02-18 EP EP22710656.4A patent/EP4294632A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-02-18 WO PCT/FR2022/050294 patent/WO2022175634A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2022-02-18 CN CN202280002472.3A patent/CN115226397A/zh active Pending

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