EP4291842A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum kühlen oder verflüssigen eines fluids - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zum kühlen oder verflüssigen eines fluids

Info

Publication number
EP4291842A1
EP4291842A1 EP22700958.6A EP22700958A EP4291842A1 EP 4291842 A1 EP4291842 A1 EP 4291842A1 EP 22700958 A EP22700958 A EP 22700958A EP 4291842 A1 EP4291842 A1 EP 4291842A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
cycle gas
compression
cycle
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22700958.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mathieu Roig
Rémi NICOLAS
Fabien Durand
Guillaume DELAUTRE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP4291842A1 publication Critical patent/EP4291842A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
    • F25B31/026—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of rotary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/0007—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0289—Use of different types of prime drivers of at least two refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/66—Landfill or fermentation off-gas, e.g. "Bio-gas"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/06—Adiabatic compressor, i.e. without interstage cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for refrigerating or liquefying a fluid.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a device for refrigerating or liquefying a fluid such as natural gas or hydrogen, comprising a fluid circuit to be cooled having an upstream end intended to be connected to a source of gaseous fluid and a downstream end intended to be connected to a member for collecting the cooled or liquefied fluid, the device comprising a set of heat exchanger(s) in heat exchange with the fluid circuit to be cooled, the device comprising a refrigerator in heat exchange with at least part of the set of heat exchanger(s), the refrigerator being of the refrigeration cycle type of a cycle gas comprising at least one of: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen or neon, said refrigerator comprising, arranged in series in a cycle circuit: a cycle gas compression mechanism, at least one cycle gas cooling member, a cycle gas expansion mechanism e and at least one element for heating the expanded cycle gas, in which the compression mechanism comprises several compression stages in series composed of a set of compressor(s) of the centrifugal type, the compression stages being mounted on a set shafts driven
  • Increasing the capacity of a cryogenic refrigerator/liquefier i.e. the refrigeration/liquefaction power delivered
  • the refrigeration/liquefaction power delivered generally requires a significant modification of the architecture of the refrigeration cycle and the addition of equipment additional (additional compressors with aftercoolers).
  • One goal is to limit the complexity and cost of such an installation without significantly impacting the overall efficiency of the system and in particular of its compression system.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
  • the device according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the compression mechanism comprises at least two compression stages arranged successively in series and devoid of a member for cooling the cycle gas such as a heat exchanger between them.
  • embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
  • the invention also relates a process for refrigerating or liquefying a fluid using a refrigeration device according to any one of the characteristics above or below and comprising a step of circulating a fluid in the fluid circuit to be cooled and a step of cooling said fluid via the cold produced by the refrigerator.
  • the method comprises a step of controlling the speed of rotation of the compression stages according to independent speeds in which, during at least one determined operating phase, the speed of rotation of the compression stages in series without of a member for cooling the cycle gas such as a heat exchanger between them is maintained at a speed lower than the speed of rotation of the compression stages provided at their outlet with a member for cooling the cycle gas.
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the characteristics above or below within the scope of the claims.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic and partial representation illustrating an example of structure and operation of a device according to the invention.
  • the device 1 is configured for the refrigeration and/or the cryogenic liquefaction of a fluid (such as natural gas, biomethane or hydrogen for example, but without this being limiting).
  • the device 1 comprises a circuit 3 of fluid to be cooled/liquefied having an upstream end intended to be connected to a source 2 of fluid (gaseous for example) and a downstream end 23 intended to be connected to a cooled or liquefied (a storage for example).
  • the device 1 comprises a set of heat exchanger(s) 6, 10 in heat exchange with the circuit 3 of the fluid to be cooled.
  • the device 1 comprises a cold source comprising a refrigerator 20 in heat exchange with at least part of the set of heat exchanger(s) 6, 10.
  • the refrigerator 20 is cryogenic and of the type with a refrigeration cycle of a cycle gas mainly comprising helium and/or hydrogen and/or nitrogen and/or neon.
  • the cycle gas consists of pure helium or a mixture comprising at least 50% helium.
  • the cycle gas can consist of pure hydrogen or a mixture comprising at least 50% hydrogen.
  • the cycle gas can consist of nitrogen or a mixture comprising at least 50% nitrogen.
  • the cycle gas can consist of neon or a mixture comprising at least 50% neon.
  • any other suitable cycle gas or mixture can be envisaged, for example comprising at least one of: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, neon, methane.
  • the refrigerator 20 comprises, arranged in series in a cycle circuit 14: a cycle gas compression mechanism 15, at least one cycle gas cooling member 7, 6, 10, a gas expansion mechanism 17 cycle and at least one element 6.10 for heating the expanded cycle gas.
  • the compression mechanism comprises several compression stages 15 in series composed of a set of compressor(s) of the centrifugal type, the compression stages being mounted on a set of shafts driven in rotation by a set of motor(s) 18 .
  • the at least one cycle gas cooling unit comprises at least one heat exchanger 7 arranged at the outlet of at least one compression stage 15 in heat exchange with the circuit 14 of the cycle.
  • This at least one heat exchanger 7 can be cooled by a heat transfer fluid, for example water or air.
  • the set of heat exchanger(s) may comprise one or a plurality of heat exchangers 6, 10 arranged in series and in which two distinct portions of the cycle circuit 14 circulate simultaneously in counter-current for cooling and for heating the cycle gas.
  • the plurality of heat exchangers can therefore form both a member for cooling the cycle gas and a member for heating the cycle gas.
  • the compression mechanism comprises at least two compression stages 15 arranged successively in series and devoid of a member for cooling the cycle gas such as a heat exchanger 7 between them. That is to say that two compression stages can follow one another without inter-stage cooling.
  • At least one compression stage 15 does not include at its outlet a cooling exchanger 7 cooled by a heat transfer fluid separate from the cycle gas (no "aftercooler").
  • the cycle gas at the outlet of this compression stage can, if necessary, enter directly into a counter-current cooling exchanger 6, 10 cooled by a colder flow of cycle gas.
  • volumetric compressors are conventionally used where a single compression stage is followed by a cooling exchanger.
  • the invention goes against prejudice since the overall compression efficiency can drop compared to known systems (the last compression stage working at higher temperature).
  • the loss of performance of the less isothermal compression according to the invention is more than compensated by the decrease in pressure drops (due to the lower number of cooling exchangers).
  • the last compression stage added without output cooling can be easily integrated.
  • the interest is a better competitiveness of the new system and a certain versatility via the addition on site of an additional compression stage at a lower cost, in particular if one wishes to increase the production of an installation after several years of operation.
  • the compression mechanism comprises four compression stages (wheels) 15 in series and cooling 7 only at the outlet of three of these four compression stages, preferably at the outlet of the first, second and fourth stage compression. That is, the cycle gas is not cooled between the third and fourth compression stages.
  • the device keeps a temperature increase due to centrifugal compression (relatively) low so as not to need an intercooler between each compression stage. This saves cost and compactness while limiting the impact on the overall efficiency of the compression system.
  • any other configuration is possible in terms of the number of compression stages and of the stage or stages without cooling at the outlet, for example it is possible to envisage an architecture with a cooling heat exchanger 7 arranged only every two compression stages 15 in series (or all three compression stages in series).
  • the cycle gas can enter then directly into a counter-current exchanger of the refrigeration device and then entering an expansion stage (for example a single turbine).
  • the expansion stage for example a single turbine.
  • the cycle gas can then be heat exchanged with the gas circuit to be cooled (typically in a heat exchanger).
  • the cycle gas can pass through a counter-current exchanger in which it heats up by cooling the flow leaving the aforementioned compression stage. This warmed cycle gas can then re-enter the first compression stage to start a cycle again.
  • the set of motor(s) 18 comprises several drive motors for the compression stages.
  • a respective motor 18 is provided for each compression stage.
  • an 18 engine could drive several compression stages (mounted on the same output shaft, for example).
  • one or more turbines 17 could be mounted on the shaft of a motor 18 which drives one or more compression stages.
  • At least one of the motors 18 can be cooled by a flow of cycle gas.
  • bypass pipe 4, 5, 9 can be provided to take off a fraction of the flow of cycle gas supplying the compression mechanism.
  • the bypass line 4 may comprise an upstream end connected to the outlet of at least one of the compression stages 15 (for example downstream of the first compression stage 15, in particular after cooling 7) to take off a fraction of the gas flow cycle.
  • the downstream end of the bypass pipe can be connected to the inlet of another compression stage after it has passed through and exchanged heat with at least one motor 18 (for example upstream of the first compression stage 15 in this example ).
  • the bypass pipe 4 may comprise, between its upstream end and its downstream end, at least one subdivision into at least two separate branches 5, 9 respectively supplying separate motors 18 with a view to cooling them. That is to say that a cooling circuit can thus be provided to cool all or part of the motors 18.
  • the at least two distinct branches 5, 9 formed by the subdivision of a bypass pipe 4 may comprise a downstream junction within the same pipe portion.
  • the at least one branch pipe may comprise at least one member 8 for cooling the cycle gas, for example at least one cooling heat exchanger 8 to cool the flow after the heat exchange with at least one motor 18.
  • the speed of rotation of the last (two) compression stages can be reduced relative to the other stages to limit their compression ratio and the heating of the cycle fluid. This makes it possible to avoid reaching too high temperatures likely to damage the equipment.
  • This invention is particularly suitable for refrigerators whose cycle gas is a light gas, that is to say having a molar mass between 2 and 30 g/mol and preferably between 2 and 20 g/mol. Indeed, in this case, the decrease in compression performance resulting from the absence of inter-stage compression cooling is largely compensated by the structural gain, in cost and by the simplicity of implementation.
  • the invention can be used with a heavier cycle gas (in this case the compression ratios of each compression stage are preferably reduced to limit heating but while remaining higher than that which would be obtained with helium and/or h2 alone).
  • the cycle gas cooling system can comprise a heat exchanger, arranged at the outlet of at least a part of the turbines 17 excluding the last turbine 17 in series according to the direction of circulation of the gas of cycle.
  • the device 1 can comprise more compression stages 15 than turbines 17.
  • Device 1 can have a number of compression stages equal to three, four, five or more.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP22700958.6A 2021-02-10 2022-01-18 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum kühlen oder verflüssigen eines fluids Pending EP4291842A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR2101244A FR3119668B1 (fr) 2021-02-10 2021-02-10 Dispositif et procédé de réfrigération ou de liquéfaction d’un fluide.
PCT/EP2022/050978 WO2022171395A1 (fr) 2021-02-10 2022-01-18 Dispositif et procédé de réfrigération ou de liquéfaction d'un fluide

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EP22700957.8A Pending EP4291841A1 (de) 2021-02-10 2022-01-18 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum kühlen oder verflüssigen eines fluids
EP22700956.0A Pending EP4291840A1 (de) 2021-02-10 2022-01-18 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum kühlen oder verflüssigen eines fluids

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US (3) US20240118024A1 (de)
EP (3) EP4291842A1 (de)
KR (2) KR20230146010A (de)
CN (3) CN116745570A (de)
CA (3) CA3206449A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3119668B1 (de)
WO (3) WO2022171394A1 (de)

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US20100135825A1 (en) * 2008-12-02 2010-06-03 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Multiple Motors Driving a Single Compressor String
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US20100135825A1 (en) * 2008-12-02 2010-06-03 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Multiple Motors Driving a Single Compressor String
US20160109179A1 (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-21 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Isolated Power Networks Within An All-Electric LNG Plant And Methods For Operating Same
EP3249319A1 (de) * 2015-05-01 2017-11-29 Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. Kühlschrank und betriebsverfahren für kühlschrank
WO2017013213A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-01-26 Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl Method for starting and operating a plant for the liquefaction of a gaseous product
KR101774761B1 (ko) * 2016-06-03 2017-09-06 삼성중공업 주식회사 유체 냉각 시스템

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HANS QUACK ET AL: "Nelium, a Refrigerant with High Potential for the Temperature Range between 27 and 70 K", PHYSICS PROCEDIA, vol. 67, 1 January 2015 (2015-01-01), AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 176 - 182, XP055629044, ISSN: 1875-3892, DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2015.06.031 *
HE TIANBIAO ET AL: "Optimal synthesis of expansion liquefaction cycle for distributed-scale LNG (liquefied natural gas) plant", ENERGY, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 88, 10 June 2015 (2015-06-10), pages 268 - 280, XP029261171, ISSN: 0360-5442, DOI: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2015.05.046 *
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US20240118025A1 (en) 2024-04-11
EP4291841A1 (de) 2023-12-20
KR20230146010A (ko) 2023-10-18
WO2022171393A1 (fr) 2022-08-18
WO2022171395A1 (fr) 2022-08-18
WO2022171394A1 (fr) 2022-08-18
CA3206450A1 (fr) 2022-08-18
CA3206448A1 (en) 2022-08-18
CN116710724A (zh) 2023-09-05
FR3119668B1 (fr) 2023-11-10
US20240118024A1 (en) 2024-04-11
CA3206449A1 (en) 2022-08-18
KR20230144569A (ko) 2023-10-16
EP4291840A1 (de) 2023-12-20
CN116685821A (zh) 2023-09-01
US20240125545A1 (en) 2024-04-18
CN116745570A (zh) 2023-09-12
FR3119668A1 (fr) 2022-08-12

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