US20240118024A1 - Device and method for refrigeration or liquefaction of a fluid - Google Patents
Device and method for refrigeration or liquefaction of a fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20240118024A1 US20240118024A1 US18/276,603 US202218276603A US2024118024A1 US 20240118024 A1 US20240118024 A1 US 20240118024A1 US 202218276603 A US202218276603 A US 202218276603A US 2024118024 A1 US2024118024 A1 US 2024118024A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cycle gas
- compression
- cooling
- fluid
- cycle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
- F25B31/026—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of rotary type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/0007—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0065—Helium
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0289—Use of different types of prime drivers of at least two refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and to a method for refrigeration or liquefaction of a fluid.
- One aim is to limit the complexity and the cost of such a plant without significantly affecting the overall efficiency of the system and notably of its compression system.
- One aim of the present invention is to remedy all or some of the drawbacks of the prior art that are set out above.
- the invention relates more particularly to a device for refrigeration or liquefaction of a fluid, such as natural gas or hydrogen, comprising a circuit for fluid that is to be cooled, having an upstream end intended to be connected to a source of gaseous fluid and a downstream end intended to be connected to a member for collecting the cooled or liquefied fluid, the device comprising an assembly of heat exchanger(s) in a heat exchange relationship with the circuit for fluid that is to be cooled, the device comprising a refrigerator in a heat exchange relationship with at least part of the assembly of heat exchanger(s), the refrigerator being of the type performing a refrigeration cycle on a cycle gas, comprising at least one of the following: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen or neon, said refrigerator comprising the following, disposed in series in a cycle circuit: a mechanism for compressing the cycle gas, at least one member for cooling the cycle gas, a mechanism for expanding the cycle gas and at least one member for heating the expanded cycle gas, wherein the compression mechanism comprises multiple compression stages in series that are
- the device according to the invention can include the compression mechanism that comprises at least two compression stages that are disposed successively in series and do not have a member for cooling the cycle gas such as a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between them.
- embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
- the invention also relates to a method for refrigeration or liquefaction of a fluid using a refrigeration device according to any one of the features above or below and including a step of circulating a fluid in the circuit for fluid that is to be cooled and a step of cooling said fluid via the cold produced by the refrigerator.
- the method includes a step of controlling the rotational speed of the compression stages in accordance with independent speeds, wherein, during at least one determined operating phase, the rotational speed of the compression stages in series that do not have a member for cooling the cycle gas such as a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between them is kept at a speed lower than the rotational speed of the compression stages that are provided at their outlet with a member for cooling the cycle gas.
- a member for cooling the cycle gas such as a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between them
- the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the features above or below within the scope of the claims.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic and partial depiction illustrating one example of the structure and operation of a device according to the invention.
- the device 1 is configured for the cryogenic refrigeration and/or liquefaction of a fluid (such as natural gas, biomethane or hydrogen, for example, but without this being limiting).
- the device 1 comprises a circuit 3 for fluid that is to be cooled/liquefied, having an upstream end intended to be connected to a source 2 of (gaseous, for example) fluid and a downstream end 23 intended to be connected to a member for collecting the cooled or liquefied fluid (a store, for example).
- the device 1 comprises an assembly of heat exchanger(s) 6 , 10 in a heat exchange relationship with the circuit 3 for fluid that is to be cooled.
- the device 1 comprises a cold source having a refrigerator 20 in a heat exchange relationship with at least part of the assembly of heat exchanger(s) 6 , 10 .
- the refrigerator 20 is cryogenic and of the type performing a refrigeration cycle on a cycle gas, predominantly comprising helium and/or hydrogen and/or nitrogen and/or neon.
- the cycle gas is made up of pure helium or a mixture comprising at least 50% helium.
- the cycle gas may be made up of pure hydrogen or a mixture comprising at least 50% hydrogen.
- the cycle gas may be made up of nitrogen or a mixture comprising at least 50% nitrogen.
- the cycle gas may be made up of neon or a mixture comprising at least 50% neon.
- any other suitable mixture or cycle gas can be envisaged, for example comprising at least one of the following: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, neon, methane.
- the refrigerator 20 comprises, disposed in series in a cycle circuit 14 : a mechanism 15 for compressing the cycle gas, at least one member 7 , 6 , 10 for cooling the cycle gas, a mechanism 17 for expanding the cycle gas and at least one member 6 , 10 for heating the expanded cycle gas.
- the compression mechanism comprises multiple compression stages 15 in series composed of an assembly of compressor(s) of centrifugal type, the compression stages being mounted on an assembly of shafts driven in rotation by an assembly of motor(s) 18 .
- the at least one member for cooling the cycle gas comprises at least one heat exchanger 7 disposed at the outlet of at least one compression stage 15 in a heat exchange relationship with the cycle circuit 14 .
- This at least one heat exchanger 7 can be cooled by a heat transfer fluid, for example water or air.
- the assembly of heat exchanger(s) may comprise one or a plurality of heat exchangers 6 , 10 disposed in series and in which two separate portions of the cycle circuit 14 exhibit circulation at the same time countercurrentwise for the cooling and the heating of the cycle gas, respectively.
- the plurality of heat exchangers may thus form both a member for cooling the cycle gas and a member for heating the cycle gas.
- the compression mechanism comprises at least two compression stages 15 which are disposed successively in series and do not have a member for cooling the cycle gas such as a heat exchanger 7 for exchanging heat between them. That is to say that two compression stages may follow one another without cooling taking place between the stages.
- At least one compression stage 15 at its outlet, does not have a cooling exchanger 7 cooled by a heat transfer fluid separate from the cycle gas (no “aftercooler”).
- the cycle gas at the outlet of this compression stage may, where appropriate, directly enter a countercurrent cooling exchanger 6 , 10 cooled by a flow colder than the cycle gas.
- the invention goes against prejudices since the overall compression efficiency can drop in relation to the known systems (since the last compression stage works at a higher temperature). However, notably in the case of very light cycle gases (molar mass less than 30 g/mol and notably less than 20 g/mol or less than 10 g/mol), the drop in performance of the less isothermic compression according to the invention is more than compensated by the reduction in pressure drops (on account of the lower number of cooling exchangers).
- the last added compression stage without cooling at the outlet can be easily integrated.
- the advantage is better competitiveness of the new system and a certain amount of versatility via adding an additional compression stage on site at lower cost, notably if there is a desire to increase the production of a plant after several years of operation.
- the compression mechanism comprises four compression stages (wheels) 15 in series and cooling means 7 solely at the outlet of three of these four compression stages, preferably at the outlet of the first, second and fourth compression stages. That is to say that the cycle gas is not cooled between the third and fourth compression stages.
- the device retains a temperature increase owing to the (relatively) low centrifugal compression in order to not need an intercooler between each compression stage. This makes it possible to decrease the cost and increase compactness whilst still limiting the impact on the overall efficiency of the compression system.
- any other configuration is possible in terms of the number of compression stages and of the one or more stages that do not have cooling at the outlet, for example it is possible to envisage an architecture with a cooling heat exchanger 7 disposed solely every two compression stages 15 in series (or every three compression stages in series).
- the cycle gas may then directly enter a countercurrent exchanger of the refrigeration device and then subsequently enter an expansion stage (for example a single turbine).
- the cycle gas may then be placed in a heat exchange relationship with the circuit for gas that is to be cooled (typically in a heat exchanger).
- the cycle gas can pass into a countercurrent exchanger in which it heats up by cooling the flow leaving the aforementioned compression stage. This heated cycle gas may then re-enter the first compression stage to restart a cycle.
- the assembly of motor(s) 18 comprises multiple motors for driving the compression stages.
- a respective motor 18 is provided for each compression stage.
- a motor 18 could drive multiple compression stages (mounted on one and the same output shaft, for example).
- one or more turbines 17 could be mounted on the shaft of a motor 18 which drives one or more compression stage(s).
- At least one of the motors 18 may be cooled by a flow of cycle gas.
- At least one bypass pipe 4 , 5 , 9 may be provided to draw off a fraction of the flow of cycle gas supplying the compression mechanism.
- the bypass pipe 4 may comprise an upstream end attached to the outlet of at least one of the compression stages 15 (for example downstream of the first compression stage 15 , notably after cooling 7 ) to draw off a fraction of the flow of cycle gas.
- the downstream end of the bypass pipe may be attached to the inlet of another compression stage after it passes and exchanges heat with at least one motor 18 (for example upstream of the first compression stage 15 in this example).
- the at least one bypass pipe 4 may comprise, between its upstream end and its downstream end, at least one subdivision into at least two separate branches 5 , 9 respectively supplying separate motors 18 in order to cool them. That is to say that a cooling circuit can thus be provided to cool all or some of the motors 18 .
- the at least two separate branches 5 , 9 formed by the subdivision of a bypass pipe 4 may have a downstream junction within one and the same pipe portion.
- the at least one bypass pipe may comprise at least one member 8 for cooling the cycle gas, for example at least one cooling heat exchanger 8 for cooling the flow after heat exchange with at least one motor 18 .
- the rotational speed of the (two) last compression stages may be reduced in relation to the other stages in order to limit their compression rate and the heating of the cycle fluid. This makes it possible to avoid reaching excessively high temperatures that are liable to damage the equipment.
- This invention is particularly suitable for refrigerators of which the cycle gas is a light gas, that is to say having a molar mass comprised between 2 and 30 g/mol and preferably between 2 and 20 g/mol. This is because, in this case, the drop in compression performance resulting from the absence of cooling between compression stages is largely compensated by the structural benefit, the decrease in cost and by ease of implementation.
- the invention can be used with a heavier cycle gas (in this case, the compression rates of each compression stage are preferably reduced so as to limit the heating, but whilst still remaining greater than that which would be obtained with helium and/or h 2 alone).
- the system for cooling the cycle gas may comprise a heat exchanger, disposed at the outlet of at least some of the turbines 17 except for the last turbine 17 in series along the direction of circulation of the cycle gas.
- the device 1 may have more compression stages 15 than it does turbines 17 .
- the device 1 may have a number of compression stages equal to three, four, five or more.
- “Comprising” in a claim is an open transitional term which means the subsequently identified claim elements are a nonexclusive listing (i.e., anything else may be additionally included and remain within the scope of “comprising”). “Comprising” as used herein may be replaced by the more limited transitional terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of” unless otherwise indicated herein.
- Providing in a claim is defined to mean furnishing, supplying, making available, or preparing something. The step may be performed by any actor in the absence of express language in the claim to the contrary.
- Optional or optionally means that the subsequently described event or circumstances may or may not occur.
- the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not occur.
- Ranges may be expressed herein as from about one particular value, and/or to about another particular value. When such a range is expressed, it is to be understood that another embodiment is from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value, along with all combinations within said range.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FRFR2101244 | 2021-02-10 | ||
FR2101244A FR3119668B1 (fr) | 2021-02-10 | 2021-02-10 | Dispositif et procédé de réfrigération ou de liquéfaction d’un fluide. |
PCT/EP2022/050976 WO2022171393A1 (fr) | 2021-02-10 | 2022-01-18 | Dispositif et procédé de réfrigération ou de liquéfaction d'un fluide |
Publications (1)
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US20240118024A1 true US20240118024A1 (en) | 2024-04-11 |
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US18/276,603 Pending US20240118024A1 (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2022-01-18 | Device and method for refrigeration or liquefaction of a fluid |
US18/276,846 Pending US20240118025A1 (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2022-01-18 | Device and method for refrigerating or liquefying a fluid |
US18/276,828 Pending US20240125545A1 (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2022-01-18 | Device and method for refrigerating or liquefying a fluid |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US18/276,846 Pending US20240118025A1 (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2022-01-18 | Device and method for refrigerating or liquefying a fluid |
US18/276,828 Pending US20240125545A1 (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2022-01-18 | Device and method for refrigerating or liquefying a fluid |
Country Status (7)
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US (3) | US20240118024A1 (de) |
EP (3) | EP4291841A1 (de) |
KR (2) | KR20230144569A (de) |
CN (3) | CN116710724A (de) |
CA (3) | CA3206450A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR3119668B1 (de) |
WO (3) | WO2022171393A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH05203343A (ja) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-10 | Chodendo Hatsuden Kanren Kiki Zairyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai | ヘリウム液化機の容量制御方法 |
US8727736B2 (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2014-05-20 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Multiple electric motors driving a single compressor string |
CN107429954B (zh) * | 2015-05-01 | 2020-05-26 | 株式会社前川制作所 | 冷冻机以及冷冻机的运转方法 |
ITUB20152388A1 (it) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-22 | Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl | Metodo per avviare ed operare un impianto di liquefazione di un prodotto gassoso |
US10215190B2 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2019-02-26 | GE Oil & Gas, Inc. | Refrigerant compressing process with cooled motor |
-
2021
- 2021-02-10 FR FR2101244A patent/FR3119668B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-01-18 WO PCT/EP2022/050976 patent/WO2022171393A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-01-18 EP EP22700957.8A patent/EP4291841A1/de active Pending
- 2022-01-18 CN CN202280009323.XA patent/CN116710724A/zh active Pending
- 2022-01-18 CA CA3206450A patent/CA3206450A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-01-18 EP EP22700956.0A patent/EP4291840A1/de active Pending
- 2022-01-18 KR KR1020237030208A patent/KR20230144569A/ko unknown
- 2022-01-18 CA CA3206448A patent/CA3206448A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-18 CN CN202280009326.3A patent/CN116685821A/zh active Pending
- 2022-01-18 CN CN202280009450.XA patent/CN116745570A/zh active Pending
- 2022-01-18 EP EP22700958.6A patent/EP4291842A1/de active Pending
- 2022-01-18 US US18/276,603 patent/US20240118024A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-18 KR KR1020237026517A patent/KR20230146010A/ko unknown
- 2022-01-18 WO PCT/EP2022/050977 patent/WO2022171394A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-01-18 US US18/276,846 patent/US20240118025A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-18 US US18/276,828 patent/US20240125545A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-18 CA CA3206449A patent/CA3206449A1/en active Pending
- 2022-01-18 WO PCT/EP2022/050978 patent/WO2022171395A1/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3119668A1 (fr) | 2022-08-12 |
KR20230146010A (ko) | 2023-10-18 |
EP4291841A1 (de) | 2023-12-20 |
US20240118025A1 (en) | 2024-04-11 |
CA3206449A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
CN116685821A (zh) | 2023-09-01 |
EP4291842A1 (de) | 2023-12-20 |
CA3206448A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
US20240125545A1 (en) | 2024-04-18 |
WO2022171395A1 (fr) | 2022-08-18 |
CN116745570A (zh) | 2023-09-12 |
CN116710724A (zh) | 2023-09-05 |
KR20230144569A (ko) | 2023-10-16 |
CA3206450A1 (fr) | 2022-08-18 |
WO2022171394A1 (fr) | 2022-08-18 |
WO2022171393A1 (fr) | 2022-08-18 |
EP4291840A1 (de) | 2023-12-20 |
FR3119668B1 (fr) | 2023-11-10 |
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