EP4010647A1 - Kühl- und/oder verflüssigungssystem und verfahren - Google Patents

Kühl- und/oder verflüssigungssystem und verfahren

Info

Publication number
EP4010647A1
EP4010647A1 EP20743083.6A EP20743083A EP4010647A1 EP 4010647 A1 EP4010647 A1 EP 4010647A1 EP 20743083 A EP20743083 A EP 20743083A EP 4010647 A1 EP4010647 A1 EP 4010647A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
bypass
exchanger
common heat
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20743083.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fabien Durand
Rémi NICOLAS
Cécile GONDRAND
Jean-Marc Bernhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP4010647A1 publication Critical patent/EP4010647A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F25B1/053—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B11/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
    • F25B11/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders
    • F25B11/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders centrifugal type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0248—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming, maintenance; Back-up mode or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/14—Power generation using energy from the expansion of the refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/04—Clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/09—Improving heat transfers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/20—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using solidification of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/66—Separating acid gases, e.g. CO2, SO2, H2S or RSH
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/20—Control for stopping, deriming or defrosting after an emergency shut-down of the installation or for back up system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/40—Control of freezing of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refrigeration device, an installation and a method for cooling and / or liquefaction using such a device.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a device for refrigeration at low temperature, that is to say at a temperature between minus 100 degrees centigrade and minus 273 degrees centigrade, in particular between minus 100 degrees centigrade and minus 253 degrees centigrade, comprising a working circuit forming a loop and containing a working fluid, the device comprising a cooling exchanger intended to extract heat from at least one member by heat exchange with the working fluid circulating in the working circuit, the cooling circuit work forming a cycle comprising in series: a working fluid compression mechanism, a working fluid cooling mechanism, a working fluid expansion mechanism and a working fluid heating mechanism, wherein, the working fluid cooling of the working fluid and the heating mechanism comprise a common heat exchanger in which the working fluid transits against the current in two distinct transit portions of the circuit depending on whether it is cooled or reheated, the device being configured to ensure an equal mass flow rate in said two transit portions in the common heat exchanger.
  • the invention relates in particular to cryogenic refrigerators or liquefiers, for example of the “Turbo Brayton” cycle type or “Turbo Brayton coolers” in which a cycle gas (helium, nitrogen, or other pure gas or mixture) undergoes a thermodynamic cycle. producing cold which can be transferred to an organ or gas to be cooled.
  • a cycle gas helium, nitrogen, or other pure gas or mixture
  • thermodynamic cycle producing cold which can be transferred to an organ or gas to be cooled.
  • These devices are used in a wide variety of applications and in particular for cooling natural gas from a reservoir (for example in boats).
  • the liquefied natural gas is for example sub-cooled to prevent its vaporization or the gaseous part is cooled with a view to its reliquefaction.
  • a natural gas stream can be circulated through a heat exchanger cooled by the refrigerator / liquefier cycle gas.
  • the gas cooled in this exchanger may contain impurities (such as ...) which are liable to solidify at the cold temperatures reached at the exchanger. This can clog the heat exchanger and impair the efficiency of the installation.
  • One solution may be to actively heat the heat exchanger with an electric heater. This is however costly in energy and often ill suited to explosive atmospheres.
  • An aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
  • the device according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the device comprises a bypass pipe from one of the two transit portions, said bypass line comprising a bypass valve which, when open, modifies the mass flow rate in one of the two transit portions.
  • embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics: when the open bypass valve modifies the mass flow in one of the two transit portions to ensure a different mass flow in said two transit portions so as to ensure specific heating or less cooling at the level of the cooling exchanger compared to during operation of the device in which the mass flow rates are identical in the two portions, the bypass pipe and the bypass valve are configured to reduce by a determined quantity the mass flow rate of working fluid provided for the transit portion concerned, the bypass pipe and the bypass valve are configured to decrease from 2% to 30% of the mass flow and preferably from 5% to 15% of the mass flow expected for the transit portion concerned, the device comprises a bypass line forming a bypass of the transit portion provided for heating the working fluid in the common heat exchanger, said bypass pipe comprising an upstream end connected to the working circuit upstream of the common heat exchanger and a downstream end connected to the circuit downstream of the common heat exchanger, the upstream end of the bypass pipe is connected to the working circuit downstream of the expansion, between the expansion mechanism and the common heat exchanger, or upstream
  • said bypass pipe comprising an upstream end connected to the working circuit upstream of the common heat exchanger and a downstream end connected to the circuit downstream of the common heat exchanger, the upstream end of the bypass pipe is connected to the working circuit between the compression mechanism and the common heat exchanger or within the compression mechanism, the downstream end of the bypass line is connected to the working circuit between the common heat exchanger and the expansion mechanism or between the expansion mechanism and the common heat exchanger, the device comprises an electronic controller connected to the bypass valve, the electronic controller being configured to control the opening of the bypass valve to ensure the temperature rise of the common heat exchanger according to a determined profile and / or to limit the rate of temperature rise of the common heat exchanger below a determined threshold, the device comprises a sensor measuring a temperature representative of the common heat exchanger, the electronic controller being configured to control the opening of the bypass valve according to the measurement of the sensor measuring a temperature representative of the exchanger, the compression mechanism comprises u n or more compressors and at least one motor for driving the rotation of the compressor (s), the refrigeration power of the device being variable and
  • the invention also relates to an installation for cooling and / or liquefying a flow of fluid, in particular natural gas, comprising a refrigeration device according to any one of the characteristics above or below, the installation comprising a conduct of circulation of said flow of fluid to be cooled in thermal exchange with the cooling cooling exchanger of the refrigeration device, in which the refrigeration device is configured to cool the cooling exchanger in order to cool the fluid circulating in the pipe when the valve bypass is closed and to heat the cooling exchanger with a view to removing any impurities solidified in said cooling exchanger.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cooling and / or liquefying a flow of fluid, in particular natural gas, using such an installation, the method comprising a step of cooling the cooling exchanger in order to cool the fluid. circulating in the pipe via the operation of the refrigeration device without opening the bypass valve, the method comprising a defrosting step and removal of impurities solidified in said cooling exchanger during the cooling step, the step defrosting and removal of impurities comprising reheating the cooling exchanger via operation of the refrigeration device with an open position of the bypass valve.
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the characteristics above or below within the scope of the claims.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic and partial view illustrating the structure and operation of an example of an installation capable of implementing the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating the structure and operation of an exemplary embodiment possible refrigeration and / or liquefaction device according to the invention.
  • the cooling and / or liquefaction installation of [Fig. 1] comprises a refrigeration device 1 supplying cold (cooling power) at the level of a cooling exchanger 8.
  • the installation comprises a pipe 25 for circulating a flow of fluid to be cooled placed in heat exchange with this cooling exchanger 8.
  • the fluid is liquid natural gas pumped into a reservoir 16, then is cooled (preferably outside the reservoir 16) and then returned to the reservoir 16 (for example as rain in the gas phase of the reservoir 16).
  • the liquid in the tank 16 is sub-cooled below its saturation temperature (drop in its temperature by several degrees K, in particular 5 to 20K and in particular 14K) before being reinjected into the tank 16.
  • this refrigeration can be supplied to the vaporization gas of the reservoir with a view in particular to its reliquefaction.
  • the low temperature refrigeration device comprises a working circuit 10 (preferably closed) forming a circulation loop.
  • This working circuit 10 contains a working fluid (helium, nitrogen, neon, hydrogen or other other gas or suitable mixture (for example helium and argon or helium and nitrogen or helium and neon or helium and nitrogen and neon).
  • the working circuit 10 forms a cycle comprising in series: a mechanism 2, 3 for compressing the working fluid, a mechanism 6 for cooling the working fluid, a mechanism 7 for expanding the working fluid and a mechanism 6, 8 for heating of the working fluid.
  • the device 1 comprises a cooling heat exchanger 8 intended to extract heat from at least one member 25 by heat exchange with the working fluid circulating in the working circuit 10.
  • the mechanisms for cooling and reheating the working fluid conventionally comprise a common heat exchanger 6 in which the working fluid passes countercurrently in two separate transit portions of the working circuit depending on whether it is cooled or heated.
  • the cooling heat exchanger 8 is located for example between the expansion mechanism 7 and the common heat exchanger 6. As illustrated, the cooling heat exchanger 8 may be a separate heat exchanger from the common heat exchanger 6. However, as a variant this cooling heat heat exchanger 8 could consist of a portion of the common heat exchanger 6 (that is to say that the two exchangers 6, 8 can be in one piece, i.e. that is to say can have distinct fluid circuits which share the same exchange structure).
  • the working fluid which exits relatively hot from the compression mechanism 2, 3 is cooled in the common heat exchanger 6 before entering the expansion mechanism 7.
  • the working fluid which exits relatively cold from the mechanism 7 of compression and the heat exchange 8 with the fluid to be cooled is in turn cooled in the common heat exchanger 6 before returning to the compression mechanism 23 for a new cycle.
  • an equal mass flow circulates the two transit portions in the common heat exchanger 6 (the term equal mass flow rate denotes an equal or substantially equal flow rate, that is to say not differing by more than a few percent).
  • This circulation is represented by arrows in the schematic representations and the terms “upstream” and “downstream” used in the description refer to this direction of circulation of the working fluid in the circuit.
  • the device comprises a pipe 9 bypassing one of the two transit portions provided with a bypass valve 11. When it is open, this bypass valve 11 creates a thermodynamic imbalance in the working circuit which results in the production of heat and therefore a determined reheating at a cooling exchanger 8.
  • the flow of fluid to be cooled can be interrupted (or reduced).
  • the bypass valve 11 is configured to decrease from 2% to 30% of the mass flow rate and preferably from 5% to 15% of the mass flow rate planned for the transit portion concerned.
  • the bypass valve 11 is a progressive opening valve and / or an all-or-nothing type valve sized to allow a determined calibrated flow or a valve associated with a determined flow restriction member.
  • bypass pipe 9 bypass can form a bypass of the transit portion provided for reheating the working fluid in the common heat exchanger 6 (i.e. the portion of the common heat exchanger which heats the fluid leaving the compression mechanism 2, 3 before it enters the trigger mechanism 7).
  • the bypass pipe 9 has an upstream end connected to the working circuit 10 upstream of the common heat exchanger 6 and a downstream end connected to the circuit 10 downstream of the common heat exchanger 6.
  • the upstream end of the bypass pipe 9 is connected to the working circuit 10 downstream of the expansion mechanism 7 and the cooling exchanger 8, between the cooling exchanger 8 and the inlet of the common heat exchanger 6.
  • bypass pipe 9 The downstream end of this bypass pipe 9 is connected to the working circuit 10 between the common heat exchanger 6 and the inlet of the compression mechanism 2, 3.
  • the upstream end of the bypass pipe 9 can be connected upstream of the expansion mechanism 7, between the common heat exchanger 6 and the expansion mechanism 7 between the outlet of the common heat exchanger 6.
  • the downstream end of the bypass pipe 9 can be connected between the common heat exchanger 6 and the compression mechanism 2, 3 (see within the compression mechanism 2, 3, i.e. between two stages compression for example).
  • bypass pipe 9 be configured to form a bypass of the transit portion provided for the cooling of the working fluid in the common heat exchanger 6.
  • the bypass pipe 9 can comprise an upstream end connected to the working circuit 10 upstream of the common heat exchanger 6, for example between the outlet of the compression mechanism 2, 3 and the common heat exchanger 6 or within the compression mechanism 2, 3.
  • bypass pipe 9 can be connected to the working circuit 10 downstream of the common heat exchanger 6, between the common heat exchanger 6 and the expansion mechanism 7 or downstream of this expansion mechanism 7, for example between the outlet of the cooling heat exchanger 8 and the inlet of the common heat exchanger 6.
  • bypass valve 11 is placed in the hot part of the device (at non-cryogenic temperatures), the flow of working fluid admitted into the bypass line 9 is a relatively high pressure (at the outlet of the compression mechanism), this allows a simple and relatively small valve to be used.
  • the device may include an electronic controller 12 connected to the bypass valve 11.
  • the electronic controller 12 can comprise a microprocessor or a computer and can be configured to dynamically control the opening of the bypass valve 11 to ensure a rise in temperature of the common heat exchanger 6 according to a determined profile and / or to limit the rate of temperature rise of the common heat exchanger 6 below a determined threshold. This may make it possible to avoid too rapid heating of the common heat exchanger 6 and / or of the cooling exchanger 8, which is advantageous in the case for example of an aluminum plate exchanger.
  • the device 1 may comprise at least one sensor 13 measuring a temperature representative of the common heat exchanger 6 transmitting its signal to the electronic controller 12.
  • the electronic controller 12 can be configured to control the opening of the bypass valve 11 (duration and / or section) according to the measurement of this sensor 3, for example the opening of the valve 11 can be slaved to this measurement temperature.
  • the compression mechanism 2, 3 comprises one or more compressors and at least one motor 14, 15 for rotating the compressor (s) 2, 3, the refrigeration power of the device being preferably variable and controlled by regulating the speed of rotation. of the drive motor or motors 14, 15 (cycle speed).
  • the cold power produced by the device 1 can be adapted from 0 to 100% of a nominal or maximum power by changing the speed of rotation of the motor or motors.
  • Such an architecture makes it possible to maintain high efficiency over a wide operating range (for example 97% of nominal efficiency at 50% of nominal cold power).
  • the momentary reheating (for defrosting in particular) of the cooling exchanger 8 can be carried out at a cycle speed customary for a cooling cycle
  • the electronic controller 12 can be configured to reduce the speed of the motor (s) of the device when the bypass valve 11 is open.
  • motors are slowed down to about 1 to 60% and in particular 20 to 30% of their maximum or nominal speed.
  • nominal speed or maximum speed of an engine is meant the maximum speed that the engine can produce in the case of maximum cooling power. This maximum or nominal speed is the maximum speed recommended for the operation of the refrigeration device 1 and may be the case sam be lower than the maximum speed that the motor can intrinsically reach.
  • the refrigeration device comprises two compressors forming two compression stages and an expansion turbine. That is to say that the compression mechanism comprises two compressors 2, 3 in series, preferably of the centrifugal type, and the expansion mechanism comprises a single turbine 7, preferably centripetal.
  • the compression mechanism comprises two compressors 2, 3 in series, preferably of the centrifugal type
  • the expansion mechanism comprises a single turbine 7, preferably centripetal.
  • any other number and arrangement of compressor (s) and turbine (s) can be considered, for example three compressors and one turbine or three compressors and two turbines or two compressors and two turbines etc ...
  • a cooling exchanger 4, 5 is provided at the outlet of each compressor (for example cooling with water at ambient temperature or any other fluid or cooling agent). This makes it possible to achieve isentropic or isothermal or substantially isothermal compression. Of course, any other arrangement can be envisaged (for example no cooling exchanger 4, 5 at one or more of the compression stages).
  • a reheating exchanger may or may not be provided at the outlet of all or part of the expansion turbines 7 in order to achieve isentropic or isothermal expansion.
  • the heating and cooling of the working fluid are preferably isobaric without this being limiting.
  • the device 1 comprises two motors 14, 15 at high speed (for example 10,000 revolutions per minute or several tens of thousands of revolutions per minute) for driving the two compression stages 2, 3, respectively.
  • the turbine can be coupled. to the engine 2 of one of the compression stages 2, 3, that is to say that the device may have a turbine 8 constituting the expansion mechanism which is coupled to the motor 2 for driving a stage 2 of compression (the first in particular).
  • the power of the turbine or turbines 7 can be advantageously recovered and used to reduce the consumption of the engine or engines.
  • the refrigeration power produced and therefore the electrical consumption of the liquefier (and vice versa) is increased.
  • the compressors 2, 3 and turbine (s) 7 are preferably coupled directly to an output shaft of the motor concerned (without a geared movement transmission mechanism).
  • the output shafts of the motors are preferably mounted on bearings of the magnetic type or of the dynamic gas type. The bearings are used to support compressors and turbines.
  • all or part of the device in particular its cold members, can be housed in a sealed thermally insulated casing (in particular a vacuum chamber containing the cold parts: cooling exchanger 8, turbine 7, etc. and possibly the heat exchanger. common heat against the current).
  • a sealed thermally insulated casing in particular a vacuum chamber containing the cold parts: cooling exchanger 8, turbine 7, etc. and possibly the heat exchanger. common heat against the current).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
EP20743083.6A 2019-08-05 2020-07-08 Kühl- und/oder verflüssigungssystem und verfahren Pending EP4010647A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1908946A FR3099818B1 (fr) 2019-08-05 2019-08-05 Dispositif de réfrigération et installation et procédé de refroidissement et/ou de liquéfaction
PCT/EP2020/069187 WO2021023458A1 (fr) 2019-08-05 2020-07-08 Installation et procede de refroidissement et/ou de liquefaction

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EP (1) EP4010647A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2022542687A (de)
KR (1) KR20220042415A (de)
CN (1) CN114270109A (de)
AU (1) AU2020324281A1 (de)
CA (1) CA3146133A1 (de)
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WO (1) WO2021023458A1 (de)

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CA3146133A1 (en) 2021-02-11
CN114270109A (zh) 2022-04-01
AU2020324281A1 (en) 2022-02-24
US20220268516A1 (en) 2022-08-25
FR3099818A1 (fr) 2021-02-12
JP2022542687A (ja) 2022-10-06
WO2021023458A1 (fr) 2021-02-11
FR3099818B1 (fr) 2022-11-04

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