Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
  • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
  • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
  • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
  • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
  • G01F22/00—Methods or apparatus for measuring volume of fluids or fluent solid material, not otherwise provided for
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/003—Bistatic radar systems; Multistatic radar systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
  • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S13/887—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
  • G01S13/888—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons through wall detection
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/003—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
  • G01S7/006—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations using shared front-end circuitry, e.g. antennas
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
  • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
  • G01S7/411—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity
  • G01S7/412—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity based on a comparison between measured values and known or stored values
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
  • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
  • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
  • G01S7/417—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section involving the use of neural networks

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for determining the quantity of a fluid in a container and a device for carrying out such a method.
• the object is achieved by a method for determining the quantity of a fluid in a container, having the steps:
• the object is also achieved by a method for determining the quantity of a fluid in a container, having the steps:
• the object is also achieved by a device for carrying out such a method.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of elements in embodiments of the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic arrangement of antennas in relation to the container according to embodiments of the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic arrangement of antennas in relation to the container according to alternative or additional aspects in embodiments of the invention
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic arrangement of antennas in relation to the container according to alternative or additional aspects in embodiments of the invention
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic arrangement of antennas in relation to the container according to alternative or additional aspects in embodiments of the invention
• FIG 11 shows another schematic flow chart according to aspects of the invention.
• FIG. 1 in which a schematic overview of elements in embodiments of the invention is shown. I.e. not all elements shown are necessary for the solution according to the invention.
• a device 1 for measuring volumes of a liquid in a container B by measuring emitted high-frequency radiation is provided.
• high-frequency relates, for example, to radiation in the ISM bands, steeling in the range of 1.8 GHz -1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz - 2.5 GHz, 5.1 GHz - 5.8 GHz and in general Radiation from the frequency range from approximately 26 MHz to approximately 6 GHz.
• the device 1 has a control unit C, a transmitter TX, at least one first transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 and at least one second transmitting antenna ANT_TX2, at least one first receiving antenna ANT_RX1 and a receiver RX. Such an arrangement is shown schematically in FIG.
• the transmitter TX is set up to emit high-frequency radiation during operation.
• the radiation can be modulated at one or more frequencies.
• the high-frequency radiation carries digital data packets.
• the first transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 and the second transmitting antenna ANT_TX2 are set up to emit the high-frequency radiation during operation, so that radiation can reach the container B.
• the receiving antenna ANT_RX1 in turn is set up to pick up high-frequency radiation reflected from the container B during operation.
• the device 1 has a predetermined arrangement of transmitting antenna(s), container B and receiving antenna(s).
• the receiver RX is set up to pick up the high-frequency radiation picked up by the receiving antenna ANT_RX1.
• the control unit C is set up to control the transmitter TX in such a way that the transmitter TX emits high-frequency radiation. This means that the transmitter TX is prompted by the control to emit high-frequency radiation (via one or more antennas) (on one or more frequencies) in a controlled manner.
• the control unit C is also set up to evaluate the high-frequency radiation picked up by the receiver RX (via one or more antennas) (on one or more frequencies) on the basis of received digital data packets in such a way that a measure of the volume of the liquid in the container B is determined becomes.
• the measure for the volume of the liquid in the container B is preferably determined from channel state information.
• Channel state information is used in many wireless (digital) communication systems to characterize the properties of a communication channel.
• the channel state information thus reflects properties along the propagation path that are influenced, for example, by scattering, attenuation, power drop as a result of distance, etc.
• channel state information By evaluating channel state information, it is possible, for example, to obtain clues as to how transmission properties should be changed so that a secure connection with preselected properties (such as reaching a specific data rate) can be enabled for given channel properties.
• this adaptability with the aim of a secure connection is not important in the invention. Only the description of the property of the propagation path is of interest for the invention. As such, other information that similarly reflects the properties of the propagation pathway is equally usable.
• the invention uses the change in channel state information data packets in the propagation of the signal, especially when passing through liquids: Certain packets show errors after passing through a liquid. The knowledge of the origin of the error along the signal propagation is used to determine the liquid volume.
• the arrangement as in FIG. 2 can be arranged such that the connecting lines between the transmitting antennas ANT_TX1 and ANT_TX2 used form an angle of 1° to 180°, preferably 30° to 90°, with respect to the container B.
• a device 1 for measuring volumes of a liquid in a container B by measuring emitted high-frequency radiation is provided.
• the device 1 in turn has a control unit C, a transmitter TX, at least one first transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 and at least one second transmitting antenna ANT_TX2, at least one first receiving antenna ANT_RX1 and a second receiving antenna ANT_RX2 and a receiver RX.
• a control unit C a transmitter TX, at least one first transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 and at least one second transmitting antenna ANT_TX2, at least one first receiving antenna ANT_RX1 and a second receiving antenna ANT_RX2 and a receiver RX.
• the transmitter TX is set up to emit high-frequency radiation during operation.
• the radiation can be modulated at one or more frequencies.
• the high-frequency radiation carries digital data packets.
• the first transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 and the second transmitting antenna ANT_TX2 are set up to emit the high-frequency radiation during operation, so that radiation can reach the container B.
• the first receiving antenna ANT_RX1 is set up to pick up high-frequency radiation reflected from the container B during operation.
• the second receiving antenna ANT_RX2 is set up to pick up high-frequency radiation transmitted by the container B during operation.
• the device 1 has a predetermined arrangement of transmitting antenna(s), container B and receiver antenna(s).
• the control unit C is set up to control the transmitter in such a way that the transmitter TX emits high-frequency radiation. This means that the transmitter TX is prompted by the control to emit high-frequency radiation (via one or more antennas) (on one or more frequencies) in a controlled manner.
• the control unit C is also set up to evaluate the high-frequency radiation picked up by the receiver RX on the basis of received digital data packets such that a measure of the volume of the liquid in the container B is determined.
• the measure for the volume of the liquid in the container B is preferably determined from channel state information.
• Channel state information is used in many wireless communication systems to characterize the properties of a communication channel.
• the channel state information thus reflects properties along the propagation path that are influenced, for example, by scattering, attenuation, power drop as a result of distance, etc.
• the Channel State Information is to be distinguished from the less meaningful RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator).
• channel state information By evaluating channel state information, it is possible, for example, to obtain clues as to how transmission properties should be changed so that a secure connection with preselected properties (such as reaching a specific data rate) can be enabled for given channel properties.
• the invention exploits the change in channel state information data packets during the propagation of the signal, in particular when passing through liquids: certain packets show errors after passing through a liquid. Knowing how the error occurs along the signal propagation is used to determine the liquid volume used. However, this adaptability to achieve a secure connection is not important in the invention. Only the description of the property of the propagation path is of interest for the invention. As such, other information that similarly reflects the properties of the propagation pathway is equally usable.
• This second embodiment is particularly well suited for the detection of liquids in bags that tend to change shape, e.g. due to lateral displacement, buckling, etc., with a change in volume.
• the volume of a liquid in a flexible bag changes, it can wrinkle, buckle, shift, etc., which can have a disruptive effect on other measuring arrangements, since this can cause a wall of the container (namely the bag) to migrate relative to measuring devices such as sensors or antennas.
• a measure for the volume of the liquid in the container B could be determined within a device 1 both at the same time or with a time delay from a channel state information item in each case. Both dimensions determined in this way can then be made available, e.g. for a plausibility check and/or a notification.
• one or more antennas can also serve as transmitting and receiving antennas (e.g. for different spatial measurements in one embodiment or in a first measurement according to the first embodiment and in a second measurement according to the second embodiment) by a clever choice.
• receiver RX and transmitter TX and/or the assigned antennas can be components of a WLAN device.
• certain network chipsets allow channel state information determine or provide the data on which this determination is based.
• An exemplary chipset is marketed as the Atheros chipset. Chip sets that make this information available can generally also be found in access points, such as WLAN-enabled routers and MIMO-enabled devices.
• a chipset or a WLAN card that is capable of channel state information is also offered by Intel, for example.
• a corresponding device 1 can thus be implemented in a particularly simple manner with a single computer as control unit C and two network interfaces which make it possible to determine a CTI value.
• the distance between the first transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 and the first receiving antenna ANT_RX1 is at least 3/8 of the wavelength used for the high-frequency radiation to be emitted.
• the distance between the first transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 and/or the first receiving antenna ANT_RX1 in relation to the container B is at least 3/8 of the wavelength used for the high-frequency radiation to be emitted.
• the distance between the first transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 and the first receiving antenna ANT_RX1 is approximately four times the wavelength used for the high-frequency radiation to be emitted.
• radio-frequency radiation, near-field communication system radiation or radiation of a frequency approved for use for industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar purposes other than radio use are selected.
• Typical near-field communication systems are, for example, WLAN, Bluetooth (Low Energy), ZigBee, DECT (Ultra Low Energy) or their successor systems without being limited to a specific specification.
• Typical frequencies permitted for use in industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar non-radio frequency applications are in the frequency ranges 433.05 MHz - 434.79 MHz, 902 MHz -928 MHz, 2.4 GHz - 2.5 GHz, 5.725 GHz - 5.875 GHz, 24 GHz - 24.25 GHz, 61 GHz - 61.5 GHz, 122 GHz - 123 GHz and 244 GHz - 246 GHz, but not limited to these.
• high-frequency radiation with a frequency in the range from 2 GHz to 4 GHz, in particular 2.4 GHz, and in particular signals in the WLAN spectrum and/or according to the WLAN specification IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802. ln as summarized in IEE 002-11-2020.
• signals in the DECT spectrum, ZigBee or Bluetooth can also be used, i.e. signals from these transmission technologies can be used.
• the container B is a bag. Bags are characterized by the fact that they are usually closed and the liquid can flow out of the bag / into the bag via a controlled opening. Furthermore, bags can change their external shape, e.g. when liquid is removed from container B. I.e. especially when a bag B provides a larger volume than a liquid in bag B requires, the outer shape can change under the influence of e.g. gravity.
• Bags as container B represent a major challenge in determining the volume, but are easy to manage within the scope of the invention.
• At least one transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 is attached to the container B or a receptacle H.
• an antenna can be printed or glued on.
• the antenna can then be contacted with the transmitter by means of a suitable contact device.
• Providing an antenna on the container B or a receptacle H can be advantageous, for example, if the distance between the transmitting antenna and the container B or the liquid is to be small or defined.
• at least one receiving antenna ANT_RX1 is attached to the container B or a receptacle H.
• an antenna can be printed or glued on. The antenna can then be contacted with the transmitter by means of a suitable contact device.
• Providing an antenna on the container B or a receptacle H can be advantageous, for example, if the distance between the receiving antenna and the container B or the liquid is to be small or defined.
• the location of the attachment of such a transmitting antenna or receiving antenna can be selected, for example, based on the properties of the container B, for example in such a way that the liquid can be irradiated as independently as possible of the fill level of the liquid in the container B.
• a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna can be arranged at the bottom of the container B, respectively.
• the container B has a flexible wall. It can then be provided that the device 1 for the measurement—as sketched in FIG.
• the wall can be so high that a bag B full of liquid when it is in the receptacle H does not project beyond the wall.
• the receptacle H can be designed as a rigid container, for example as a trough or drawer. It can be made of plastic, for example.
• the base of the receptacle H can, for example, be selected such that a bag B filled with liquid can be inserted into the receptacle H.
• the base area can be selected in such a way that a bag B fully filled with liquid touches the wall over approximately 50% of the wall area of the bag.
• the base area can of course also be determined by other considerations. For example, it may be desirable that the basic dimensions of the base area, such as the diameter, do not fall below a certain size, for example at least one wavelength of the radiation used.
• the receptacle H is designed as one or more spikes or rods onto which a bag can be hung.
• a bag can have eyelets, for example, so that spikes or rods protrude through the corresponding eyelets when it is hung up.
• the device 1 also has a receiving antenna ANT_H for determining background radiation.
• the background radiation can also be determined using one or more existing receiving antennas. This is possible, for example, at times when the receiving antenna is not required for other types of measurements.
• auxiliary antennas in particular with directional auxiliary antennas (possible both as transmitting and as receiving antenna), the proportion of the attenuation due to the free-space radiation can be determined very reliably, whereby a correcting parameter can be determined. If the influence of the free space damping is small, the determination can be dispensed with.
• a transmission antenna (or several or all) ANT_TX1, ANT_TX2 can have a directional characteristic as an alternative to an omnidirectional characteristic.
• a receiving antenna (or several or all) ANT_RX1, ANT_RX2, ANT_RX3, ANT_H can have a directional characteristic as an alternative to an omnidirectional characteristic.
• Omnidirectional characteristics are provided by a rod antenna, for example.
• Directional characteristics are exhibited, for example, by dipole-type antennas or panel antennas.
• the invention can be used in many areas. However, the medical field is of particular importance. In the medical field there are numerous medical devices M in which a weight or a volume of a liquid is monitored, for example during a treatment.
• a medical device M can measure the volume of a liquid in a container B which is supplied to or removed from a mammalian body or is a liquid in a secondary circuit for treating this liquid.
• exemplary fluids delivered to a mammalian body include IV fluids, heparin, blood, saline, drugs for intravenous administration, parenteral nutrition, etc.
• Exemplary fluids removed from a mammalian body include blood or urine.
• the medical device M can be a dialysis device, the liquid being a liquid associated with dialysis, in particular dialysate.
• the form of dialysis is not fixed, but can be, for example, kidney dialysis, especially in the form of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration and hemoperfusion, as well as liver dialysis, especially apheresis, single pass albumin dialysis, molecular adsorbents recirculation system , affect.
• the medical device M is preferably a dialysis machine and the dialysis measures the volume of a liquid in one or more bags.
• the dialysis machine is connected to a bag B for fresh dialysate and/or for used dialysate.
• the dialysis machine M can determine the liquid balance during a treatment by measuring fresh and used dialysate.
• a dialysis machine M has one or more receptacle(s) H, for example for hanging one or more containers B, for example bags—for example for dialysate—on its housing, for example on the lower edge, and a device 1 according to the invention for measurement of the volume of a liquid in such a way that the dialysis machine M can measure the volume of liquid in attached containers B by means of high-frequency radiation.
• the antennas ANT_1 ... ANT_5 ... ANT_N of the device 1 can be suitably arranged. Different attachment locations in relation to a medical device M are shown schematically in FIGS.
• the medical device M has, for example, an optional display SC (eg a (flat) screen) on which the results relating to one or more volume measurements, eg current volume, volume change, volume flow, etc. can be displayed.
• the optional display SC can also provide a user interface with which, for example, a measurement can be initiated manually by the device 1 .
• Several recording(s) H_1, H_2, H_3_ H_4 are shown in the figures. However, only one recording H or even more recordings can be provided. Likewise, instead of one container B, several containers B can also be provided.
• the antennas ANT_1 . . . ANT_4 can also be arranged on the underside of the medical device M, as shown in FIGS. 7a-7c. However, this does not exclude other arrangements. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8a-8c, the antennas can also be distributed. While ANT_1 is arranged more centrally on the front, the antennas ANT_2 and ANT_3 can be arranged distributed on the underside, for example. In Figure 9a-9c, for example, antenna ANT_1 is offset from antennas ANT_2 ... ANT_4.
• the function of the antennas ANT_1 ... ANT_5 ... ANT_N of the device 1, i.e. as a transmitting antenna and/or as a receiving antenna, can be suitably selected.
• the medical device of Figures 6-9 can be a dialysis treatment machine
• Container B is typically a 5L plastic canister.
• a typical liquid stored in such a container B is a concentrate for dialysis treatment.
• the liquids contain acetates or bicarbonates.
• the measure for the volume of the liquid in the container B is determined using a large number of individual measurements, e.g. several 10 thousand measurements, for example 27 thousand measurements. For example, a large number of data packets can be sent and received.
• the associated parameters such as the channel state information, can themselves represent an averaged value or, if necessary, be averaged themselves.
• the measuring arrangements of transmitting antenna(s) and receiving antenna(s) are present multiple times.
• a first arrangement could consist of the transmitting antennas ANT_TX1, ANT_TX2 and the receiving antenna ANT_RX1, while a second arrangement, shown as a mirror image, consists of the transmitting antennas ANT_TX3, ANT_TX4 and the receiving antenna ANT_RX2.
• a predetermined bit sequence is sent via an HF signal from a transmitter TX to a receiver RX.
• the receiver can thereby determine channel state information.
• the HF signal is aimed at the container B and in the container B there is a quantity to be determined.
• the receiver RX receives a reflection or a transmission of the transmitted HF signal.
• one or more errors and/or error parameters is/are now evaluated.
• the errors and/or error parameters obtained in this way can then be compared with one or more training parameters in step S600 and thus evaluated.
• This method is particularly suitable for digital measured values.
• it can be used to compare a bit error rate related to one (or more) bit sequence(s) with a bit error rate from a training sequence.
• the measure of the bit error rate can be derived from a channel quality indicator, for example.
• the known bit sequence can be a training sequence. If, for example, an implementation similar to ping is used on the application layer (in the ISO/OSI layer model), this is particularly easy to represent.
• the training parameters can also be determined beforehand in embodiments of the invention.
• the method includes the transmission S20s of the specified bit sequence via an HF signal to determine channel state information, with the signal being aimed at the container B and with a previously known quantity being located in the container B.
• a reflection or a transmission of the transmitted HF signal is received and at least one training parameter for the comparison of errors and/or error parameters can then be determined in step S500.
• training parameter determination can be made on each individual device, e.g. "calibrated" with previously known filling levels, or training parameters of a reference device can be stored in the respective devices. These can then be stored, e.g. in the form of a look-up table and be renewed or supplemented if necessary. For this purpose, the corresponding data can be made available, e.g.
• a method can also be specified for analog measured values.
• a step S20s a first part of an analog HF signal is sent to determine channel state information, the signal being directed to the container (B) and the container (B) containing a quantity to be determined.
• a reflection or a transmission of the transmitted RF signal is also received in step S20s.
• errors and/or error parameters are evaluated in order to compare them with at least one training parameter in step S600.
• the training parameters can also be determined in embodiments of the invention as before.
• the method includes the sending S20s of the first part of an analog HF signal to determine channel state information, the signal being directed to the container B and the container B containing a previously known quantity.
• step S20s a reflection or a transmission of the transmitted HF signal is received and then in step S500 at least one training parameter for the comparison of errors and/or error parameters is determined.
• a training parameter determination can be carried out on each individual device, e.g. "calibrated" with previously known filling levels, or training parameters of a reference device can be stored in the respective devices.
• container B eg QR-coded, or readable via an RFID chip, or via a link / a software update.
• Both individual values and a large number of values can be processed in the respective steps.
• a large number of values can first be combined and then a comparison with training parameters can be carried out from the combined values, or a comparison with training parameters can be carried out for the individual values and the respective comparisons can be combined.
• Mixed forms can obviously also be provided.
• a certain number (e.g. 100) of similar parameters can be recorded and processed, e.g. determined, in a predetermined period of time (e.g. 1 second). If a predetermined number (e.g. 95 or 95%) leads to the same / similar result / classification, the evaluation can be assumed to be reliable.
• a sliding window can also be used. That is, older results/classifications fall out of the window as soon as new results/classifications are processed. In this respect, a window provides a summary of a large number of values. If the required equality/similarity then occurs, the result/classification can be assumed to be safe. For example, it can be assumed that the values are of the same type if they are within a range of +/- 5% of the (moving) mean value.
• the parameter can be, for example, the CSI value (complex, scalar, etc.) or also a bit sequence, in particular a (wireless) data packet.
• the data packet can also only contain the payload data and/or describe individual or multiple header data of a data packet in a transmission frame.
• a medical device that already has appropriate high-frequency devices for communication purposes can receive radiation that is used for communication purposes "parasitically" by means of an antenna in which the radiation was transmitted through the container, and/or the high-frequency devices can be used in non-communication phases
• a certain number of HF signals are interspersed in the communication regularly/irregularly/if required.It can also be provided that beamforming is selective is switched on or off for the measurements.
• a medical treatment device has a WLAN communication device, which is intended for the general data communication of the device.
• the electromagnetic radiation in normal operation was considered permissible for the intended use and the entire device is approved.
• a configuration of antennas and transmission/reception capabilities e.g. CSI
• the communication could be used in addition to its general communication purpose in addition to determining the quantity of a fluid according to the present technical solution. Costs are particularly advantageous here, because one device can fulfill two tasks. Depending on the communication requirements, communication and quantity determination can take place simultaneously or alternately.
• the transmission S20s of a second part of the (analog) HF signal for determining channel state information is made possible via a previously known channel RP to a reference receiver RX.
• the previously known channel RP can be a wired interface, with part of the HF signal being routed through an antenna through a signal splitter before it is emitted, with the second part being routed directly to the reference receiver RX.
• the second part can also be the subject of an attenuation via an attenuator in order to return the signal which can be expected at the receiver to the appropriate signal level.
• the emitted RF signal from a Antenna is radiated in such a way that a part is (directly) radiated onto an antenna for the reference receiver RX while another part is directed towards the container B.
• the part radiated onto the antenna for the reference receiver RX can be provided, for example, by a side lobe of an antenna, while the main lobe is directed onto the container B.
• a reference signal can be made available as a result of this refinement. This is particularly advantageous when the evaluation of phase information is desired or required. That is, the invention can thus also be used in cases where an unknown phase rotation could otherwise occur.
• the method can also include the transmission in step S20s of a second part of the (analog) HF signal to determine channel state information, via a previously known channel RP to a reference receiver RX to determine a phase training parameter and the transmission S20s a second part of the analog HF signal for determining channel state information, via a previously known channel to a reference receiver RX for comparing errors and/or error parameters with at least the phase training parameter.
• the steps can be run through multiple times in all of the embodiments, with a comparison of errors and/or error parameters with at least one training parameter only being carried out if a predeterminable confidence criterion is met.
• the confidence criterion can be met if either a predetermined number of errors and/or error parameters of the same type was determined and/or a predetermined number of errors and/or error parameters were pre-classified.
• an error parameter and/or a training parameter can be classified prior to an evaluation or determination.
• an error parameter and/or a training parameter can be determined on the basis of a multiplicity of essentially consecutive values.
• an error parameter and/or a training parameter can be classified by means of a random forest method before an evaluation or determination.
• Random Forest is preferred.
• Other methods such as deep neural nets, boosted tree, linear regression, which enable continuous regression of the fill levels to be determined, or supported vector machines, in particular as a classification algorithm for discrete, previously known fill levels, are not excluded by this.
• Random Forest can be easily implemented in Python.
• the practical implementation is simpler than Deep Neural, for example, and requires less computing effort.
• a linear regression can be advantageous when the container B deforms uniformly. However, if the containers B tend to fold, for example, the linear regression can reach its limits.
• Supported Vector Machines Unlike Supported Vector Machines, little memory is required. In addition, Supported Vector Machines require complex adjustments.
• step S100 can stand for the reading out of analog/digital values, for example a CSI value. Such values can be read out directly from some chipsets, for example.
• a ping command for example, can be used as a signal, which leads to a periodic signal output.
• This value which is present in a machine-readable format, for example, can be converted into an optional different format, for example a decimal format, in a step S200. This can be done with appropriate Matlab or C routines, for example.
• Filtering or pre-processing can take place in an optional step S300. For example, in the case of a large number of values that are recorded in a short time, those values can be excluded that deviate from the mean beyond a certain confidence interval. In this way, any measurement errors, e.g. caused by interference, can be filtered out. On the other hand, it is also possible to carry out phase adjustments and/or normalizations.
• step S400 a decision can then be made about a classification or about a training. If the value is required for training, it can be supplied to the training process in step S500. Otherwise, the value can be supplied to the determination in step S600.
• This method is expanded somewhat in FIG. 11 because it enables triggering.
• step S10 it is checked whether a trigger is present. If there is no trigger, the method loops back until a trigger is present.
• step S20 the sending (on the side of the transmitter TX) or / receiving (on the side of the receiver RX) is initiated in step S20.
• step S3O it is checked whether an HF signal or a bit sequence is present. If this is not the case, the method returns until an HF signal or a bit sequence is present.
• the triggered version shows a reduction in interference that could occur, for example, when using devices of the same type in close proximity.
• a measurement can be controlled (both switching on and switching off) by other devices / alarm conditions / users, for example.
• the energy consumption as well as possible disturbances of other devices can be minimized.
• the advantage here is that the amount of liquid to be determined usually changes only slowly, so that, for example, triggering every 5 - 60 seconds can be completely sufficient.
• step S100 can stand for reading out CSI values (complex, or amplitude and phase, scalar). Such values can be read out directly from some chipsets, for example.
• a ping command for example, can be used as a signal, which leads to a periodic signal output.
• this CSI value which is present, for example, in a machine-readable format, can be converted into another format, for example a (decimal) format that is easier to process/read. This can be done with the appropriate Matlab or C routines, for example.
• Filtering or pre-processing can take place in an optional step S300. For example, phase adjustments and/or normalizations can be made.
• step S400 a decision can then be made about a classification or about a training. If the value is required for training, it can be supplied to the training process in step S500. Otherwise, the value can be supplied to the determination in step S600. The determination is then based on previously obtained training schedules. In FIG. 11, after the start in step S10, it can be checked whether a trigger is present. If there is no trigger, the method loops back until a trigger is present.
• step S20s the transmission is initiated in step S20s (on the part of the transmitter TX) and/or reception (on the part of the receiver RX) in step S20.
• step S30 it is checked whether an HF signal or a bit sequence is present. If this is not the case, the method returns until an HF signal or a bit sequence is present.
• a device for performing one of the methods described above in particular a medical device M, having a receptacle or a connecting element for a container B, further having at least one control unit C, a transmitter TX, at least one first transmitting antenna ANT_TX1 and at least one second Transmitting antenna ANT_TX2, at least one first receiving antenna ANT_RX1 and a receiver RX, the control unit C being set up (by programming) to carry out a method according to one of the preceding descriptions.

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• 2021
  • 2021-01-28 DE DE102021200761.9A patent/DE102021200761A1/de active Pending
• 2022
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