Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
  • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
  • B65G51/00—Conveying articles through pipes or tubes by fluid flow or pressure; Conveying articles over a flat surface, e.g. the base of a trough, by jets located in the surface
  • B65G51/01—Hydraulic transport of articles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
  • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
  • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/32—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the food or foodstuff industry, e.g. brewery waste waters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
  • C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for sanitizing an aqueous composition for conveying floating objects belonging to the group of fruits and vegetables, of a hydraulic conveyor for such floating objects.
• the invention also relates to a hydraulic conveyor equipped with a device for sanitizing such a conveying composition, a packaging installation - in particular a sorting and packaging installation - for such floating objects equipped with at least one such hydraulic conveyor.
• floating objects designates objects having sufficient flotation in a current of liquid conveying composition to be able to be transported by this current.
• This terminology covers not only objects floating on the surface of the current of liquid composition, but also objects immersed in the liquid composition, but whose density is low enough to allow their transport in the current of liquid composition, in particular immersed between two waters;
• upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the local flow direction of the composition conveying said floating objects in a hydraulic conveyor;
• reaction generally designates the total or partial elimination of material - of a biological or chemical nature - undesirable - in particular of material likely to be pathogenic or toxic for humans or subject to provisions regulating its use- of a conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor;
• recirculation commonly designates the movement of a liquid conveying composition in a closed circuit.
• the expression "with recirculation of conveying composition” designates a hydraulic conveyor in which a volume of conveying composition is driven in motion so as to circulate in the hydraulic conveyor and transport floating objects, without requiring a supply significant compensating conveying composition of a flow of conveying composition downstream of the hydraulic conveyor;
• the expression "at least substantially” indicates, in a usual way, that a characteristic, structural or functional, must not be taken as marking an abrupt discontinuity, which would have no physical meaning, but not only covers this structure or this function, but also slight variations of this structure or this function which produce, in the technical context considered, an effect of the same nature, if not of the same degree.
• floating objects such as fruits and vegetables - for example, but not exclusively, apples - can be conveyed by flotation in a sorting and/or packaging installation for these fruits and/or these vegetables. in which they are sorted according to criteria such as their size and/or their shape and/or their color and/or their weight and/or one of their qualities -internal or external-, and grouped into batches of fruits and / or vegetables with identical or similar characteristics with a view to packaging them in batches and/or placing them on the market.
• Such fruits and/or vegetables harvested in the open air necessarily carry microorganisms—in particular undesirable microorganisms—distributed on the surface of these fruits and/or vegetables and/or in deep or superficial wounds.
• these fruits and/or vegetables are in contact with a liquid conveying composition, in which these microorganisms are disseminated and are likely to be able to grow and multiply uncontrollably.
• a liquid conveying composition in which these microorganisms are disseminated and are likely to be able to grow and multiply uncontrollably.
• Such uncontrolled growth of microorganisms in the conveying composition is undesirable. It is not desirable to limit as much as possible that healthy fruits and/or vegetables are contaminated by microorganisms brought by injured fruits. It is not desirable to limit as much as possible the production of toxins by microorganisms producing such toxins.
• the growth of undesirable microorganisms in the conveying composition can be controlled by periodically renewing the conveying water of the hydraulic conveyor. Such a renewal is not ecologically acceptable, given the large volume of water (several tens of cubic meters) necessary to ensure the conveyance of fruits and vegetables.
• the invention aims to overcome all of these drawbacks.
• the invention aims to provide a method for sanitizing a composition, called conveying composition, aqueous conveying, a hydraulic conveyor allowing the implementation of such a method and an installation comprising a such a conveyor, making it possible to extend the duration of use of said conveying composition.
• the invention also aims to provide such a process and such a hydraulic conveyor allowing the implementation of such a process, making it possible to control the growth of microorganisms in said conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor of the recirculation type. conveying composition.
• the invention aims to provide such a method and such a hydraulic conveyor for controlling the titer of undesirable microorganisms present in said conveying composition, the conveying composition thus sanitized also satisfying the regulatory provisions and the relative standards. to foodstuffs.
• the invention also aims to provide such a method and such a hydraulic conveyor making it possible to sanitize said conveying composition and to form a sanitized conveying composition which is substantially free of undesirable by-products formed as a result of this sanitation.
• the invention also aims to provide such a method and such a hydraulic conveyor making it possible to suspend the renewal of all or most of the conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor of the type with recirculation of the conveying composition.
• the invention also aims to provide such a process and such a hydraulic conveyor allowing the production of sorted and/or packaged fruits and/or vegetables which satisfy the regulatory provisions relating to the quantities of undesirable materials associated with fruits and vegetables. packaged for human consumption.
• the invention also aims to provide such a hydraulic conveyor for an installation for sorting and/or packaging fruit and/or vegetables making it possible to package fruit and vegetables which are substantially free of undesirable by-products.
• the invention relates to a method for sanitizing a composition, called conveying composition, aqueous for conveying floating objects belonging to the group of fruits and vegetables, in a hydraulic conveyor of such floating objects, the hydraulic conveyor being of a type; recirculating said conveying composition, and; treating said conveying composition with a supply of chlorine dioxide (COCL) maintained in said conveying composition during the conveying of such floating objects for the purpose of controlling the microbiological flora developing in said conveying composition, whereby a a conveying composition, referred to as a chlorate-rich composition, comprising the trioxochlorate anion of general formula (Cf O3′) in a hydrated form in the aqueous conveying composition, is formed as a result of this treatment; process in which, the hydraulic conveyor being devoid of floating objects and the supply of chlorine dioxide in the said composition rich in chlorate being suspended; a flow of a composition, called composition to be sanitized, formed by mixing a flow of said composition rich in
• the invention therefore relates to a process for sanitizing the conveying composition (or water) of a hydraulic conveyor of the type treating said conveying composition with chlorine dioxide.
• chlorine dioxide Cf O2
• Chlorine dioxide also makes it possible to control the proliferation of a biofilm likely to develop at the solid/liquid interface of a hydraulic conveyor.
• the inventors have not to date identified any microorganism having developed a resistance to chlorine dioxide.
• the sanitation process according to the invention makes it possible to maintain the concentration of trioxochlorate anion in said conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor for floating objects, of the type with disinfection treatment of said conveying composition by dioxide chlorine, at an acceptable level for conveying floating objects intended for food, avoiding complete or partial replacement of said conveying composition enriched in trioxochlorate anion due to this disinfection treatment, by a conveying composition of lower concentration of trioxochlorate anion.
• the inventors have discovered that it is possible to extend the duration of use of said conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor of the recirculation type of said conveying composition, while satisfying the regulatory recommendations in terms of food compliance of water treatment products and processes intended for human consumption, thus making it possible to recycle this conveying composition.
• the microbiological control treatment of said conveying composition is maintained by adding chlorine dioxide (of formula Cf O2) to said conveying composition throughout the period of conveying the floating objects by said conveying composition.
• This microbiological control treatment is carried out by continuous or intermittent - in particular periodic - addition of chlorine dioxide to said conveying composition so that the mass proportion of chlorine dioxide in said conveying composition is between 0.05 ppm and 1, 5 ppm, in particular between 0.05 ppm and 0.2 ppm, in particular of the order of 0.1 ppm, the mass proportion of chlorine dioxide being an average mass proportion evaluated over the total volume of said conveying composition of the conveyor hydraulic considered.
• the trioxochlorate anion called “chlorate anion” or “chlorate” (Cd Of ) is formed in said conveying composition.
• the microbiological control treatment of said conveying composition is interrupted by supplying chlorine dioxide; the hydraulic conveyor is purged of the floating objects conveyed by said conveying composition, then; following the microbiological control treatment, in the absence of any introduction of chlorine dioxide into said composition rich in chlorate, the flow of said composition to be sanitized comprising at least one photosensitive compound is formed and said composition to be sanitized is irradiated by radiation electromagnetic wave comprising at least one electromagnetic wave in the UV-C range -in particular at least one electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of between 250 nm and 260 nm, so as to form in said composition to be sanitized at least one active compound capable of to be able to react chemically with the trioxochlorate anion of said composition to be sanitized.
• the flow of said photo-reactive composition is delivered in the flow of said composition rich in chlorate and the flow of said composition to be cleaned up formed as a result of this delivery is irradiated, by radiation electromagnetic wave comprising at least one electromagnetic wave in the UV-C range by circulating said composition to be sanitized in an irradiation chamber equipped with at least one light source in the UV-C range.
• a flow of a composition rich in active compound(s) capable of reacting chemically with at least one trioxochlorate anion is thus formed.
• the concentration of trioxochlorate flag decreases in said composition and can thus be reduced to a value below the threshold value set by the regulations.
• said composition to be sanitized is irradiated by electromagnetic radiation away from atmospheric air.
• said photo-reactive composition is an aqueous solution of sodium bisulphite of formula HNaSCF.
• Sodium bisulphite itself satisfies the regulatory provisions of circular DG 5/VS 4 n°2000-166 of March 28, 2000 relating to the food compliance of products and processes for treating water intended for human consumption.
• said photo-reactive composition from comprising a plurality of photosensitive compounds other than sodium bisulphite in other embodiments.
• said photo-reactive composition comprises sodium bisulphite and at least one other photosensitive compound distinct from the sodium bisulphite.
• an amount of sodium bisulfite is introduced into the flow rate of said chlorate-rich composition such that the mass proportion of sodium bisulfite introduced into said chlorate-rich composition is between 50 ppm and 200 ppm. ppm.
• the flow of said photo-reactive composition is formed by pumping said photo-reactive composition stored in a storage tank equipped with a pump for dispensing said photo-reactive composition into the flow of conveying composition at the level of a mixing site located upstream and as close as possible to the upstream inlet of a cylindrical irradiation enclosure traversed longitudinally by the flow of said composition to be sanitized.
• the electromagnetic radiation comprises at least one electromagnetic wave in the UV-C range, with a wavelength of between 100 nm and 280 nm, in particular substantially of the order of 254 nm.
• the irradiation wavelength and/or the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation and/or the flow rate of said composition to be sanitized are adapted according to the chemical nature and the photochemical reactivity of the photosensitive compound(s). ).
• the flow of said composition to be sanitized is irradiated by means of an irradiation device formed of at least one mercury vapor luminous tube emitting ultraviolet light.
• the irradiation device is formed of five light tubes arranged parallel to each other in the interior volume of a cylindrical irradiation enclosure traversed longitudinally by the flow of said composition to be sanitized.
• the light tubes are arranged in the cylindrical irradiation enclosure so as to occupy the five vertices of a regular pentagon and so as to be able to extend in contact with said composition to be sanitized circulating in the cylindrical enclosure of irradiation.
• the power of each luminous tube can be of the order of 300 watts.
• the flow rate of said photo-reactive composition and the concentration of the photosensitive compound in said photo-reactive composition are adjusted so as to maintain a mass concentration of trioxochlorate anion in said sanitized composition which is compatible with its use as a composition for conveying floating objects belonging to the group of fruits and vegetables, so that the floating objects conveyed satisfy the regulatory provisions relating to fruits and vegetables, in particular so as to maintain a mass concentration of trioxochlorate anion in said sanitized composition at most equal to 10 ppm in said sanitized composition, in particular at most equal to 5 ppm in said sanitized composition, preferably at most equal to 3 ppm in said composition sanitized.
• the floating objects conveyed by the conveying composition satisfy the regulatory provisions relating to foodstuffs in general and to floating objects belonging to the group of fruits and vegetables.
• a predetermined concentration of chlorine dioxide is maintained in said conveying composition -in particular in the low conveying basin(s). , for example between 0.1 ppm and 0.2 ppm, but sufficient to allow control of the microbiological flora of said conveying composition and its sanitary state. It is also sufficiently low not to induce on the conveyed floating objects any modification of their external appearance, in particular the appearance of lenticels.
• concentration of chlorine dioxide satisfies the recommendations of the regulations on foodstuffs.
• the maximum concentration (mass, in mg/Kg) of chlorine dioxide recommended by the regulations is:
• the predetermined concentration of chlorine dioxide in said conveying composition is maintained by mixing a flow rate of said conveying composition, the maintenance of which in a A controlled microbiological state is sought and a flow rate of a composition—in particular an aqueous composition—for microbiological control, called a disinfectant composition, comprising chlorine dioxide.
• said disinfectant composition is formed by mixing an aqueous solution of sodium chlorite (NaCfCh), an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and water.
• the flow of said disinfectant composition is introduced into the flow of said conveying composition taken from a stock of disinfectant composition or from said disinfectant composition prepared extemporaneously by mixing on demand the aqueous solution of sodium chlorite (NaCl Oi), aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and water.
• NaCl Oi sodium chlorite
• HCl hydrochloric acid
• the flow of said sanitized composition is subjected to an oxygenation treatment, promoting dissolution of gaseous oxygen (O2) in the flow of said sanitized composition.
• the oxygenation treatment is carried out by any means. It may involve an aeration treatment of said sanitized composition with atmospheric air. By such oxygenation treatment, gaseous oxygen (O2) is introduced into said sanitized composition so as to form a sanitized conveying composition substantially free of photosensitive compound and/or active compound.
• said conveying composition is microbiologically controlled due to the chronic treatment of said conveying composition with chlorine dioxide; has such a concentration of trioxochlor orate anion allowing the floating objects conveyed to themselves satisfy the regulatory recommendations for foodstuffs, and; has a concentration of photosensitive compound -in particular sulfite- which is compatible on the one hand with a subsequent use of said conveying composition for the purposes of conveying objects intended for human consumption and on the other hand with a subsequent chronic treatment of said conveying composition with chlorine dioxide for the purpose of controlling its bacteriological state during the conveying of floating objects.
• the oxygenation treatment of said sanitized composition can be carried out by any means. For example, it can be carried out by introducing gaseous oxygen (O2) into said sanitized composition. It can be carried out by introducing a precursor compound of gaseous oxygen (O2) into said sanitized composition, the precursor compound being capable of decomposing by releasing gaseous oxygen (O2). It can be carried out by introducing atmospheric air into said sanitized composition.
• said sanitized composition is subjected, for the purposes of its oxygenation, to a whirlwind flow (or "vortex") in a tank intended (during the conveying of floating objects such as fruits and vegetables) for filling hydraulic crates or pallet boxes generally referred to as “boxes” for the storage and/or transport of such floating objects.
• a whirlwind flow or "vortex”
• a tank intended (during the conveying of floating objects such as fruits and vegetables) for filling hydraulic crates or pallet boxes generally referred to as “boxes” for the storage and/or transport of such floating objects.
• a filling tank is arranged at the downstream end of a collection channel delivering into the filling tank a hydraulic current capable of transporting floating objects and emerging in the upper part of the filling device.
• the pallet box is held in the filling device so as to retain the floating objects conveyed by said conveying composition flowing into the collection channel while being transparent with respect to said conveying composition which flows through pumping in the lower part of the filling device.
• a tank intended for filling “boxes” is used for these purposes for packaging floating objects in batches.
• Such a tank, intended for filling "palox" with floating objects is used in a method according to the invention, in the absence of floating objects conveyed in the flow of said conveying composition to be sanitized, to oxygenate said composition conveyor to sanitize and reduce its concentration of sulphites. According to the invention, this oxygenation step is carried out at the end of sanitation of the conveying composition, previously bringing floating objects into the conveyor.
• This oxygenation is maintained for a sufficient time to lower the sulfite concentration - in particular for a period of between 1 hour and 24 hours, in particular of the order of 8 hours - prior to the addition of chlorine dioxide in said conveying composition and prior to the supply of floating objects in the hydraulic conveyor for the purposes of sorting and packaging them.
• said conveying composition is suitable for receiving and conveying floating objects and for being disinfected by supplying chlorine dioxide.
• the invention also extends to a hydraulic conveyor for floating objects belonging to the group of fruits and vegetables, of a type with recirculation of a composition, called a conveying composition, liquid for conveying floating objects, and comprising: means for introducing a composition comprising chlorine dioxide into said conveying composition -in particular a flow rate of a composition comprising chlorine dioxide into a flow rate of said conveying composition- for the purposes of controlling the microbiological flora likely to develop in said conveying composition, whereby a conveying composition, referred to as a chlorate-rich composition, comprising the trioxochlorate anion of general formula (Cf O3') in a hydrated form in said chlorate-rich composition , is formed as a result of this introduction; a device for distributing and mixing a flow of a composition, called photo-reactive composition, comprising at least one photosensitive compound in a flow of said composition rich in chlorate and for forming a flow of a composition to be sanitized ; at least one photosensitive
• the hydraulic conveyor comprises: at least one basin for conveying said floating objects -in particular at least one basin for conveying said floating objects forming a plurality of channels for accumulating and grouping said floating objects into batches; at least one pipe, called a filtration pipe, for recirculating said conveying composition free of floating objects communicating with the conveying basin via an upstream conveying composition inlet in said filtration conduit and via a downstream conveying composition outlet flowing in said filtration pipe, opening into the conveying basin, and; at least one device for sanitizing said conveying composition circulating in said filtration pipe, comprising: o at least one suction/discharge device for said conveying composition in said filtration pipe of the sanitizing device; o the means for introducing the composition comprising chlorine dioxide into said filtration line; o the device for distributing the flow of said photo-reactive composition in said filtration pipe; o at least one irradiation device arranged to be able to irradiate the flow of said composition to
• the sanitation device comprises a purification unit by solid/liquid filtration of the conveying composition circulating in the sanitation device.
• the purification unit is a sand filtration purification unit.
• the means for introducing the flow of said composition comprising chlorine dioxide into said conveying composition are arranged in the downstream part of the sanitation device.
• the means for introducing the flow of said composition comprising chlorine dioxide into the flow of conveying composition are arranged so as to introduce said composition comprising chlorine dioxide as close as possible to the outlet of the sanitizing device and as close of the conveyor basin.
• the means for mixing the flow rate of said photo-reactive composition and the flow rate of said conveying composition are thus arranged so as to form the flow rate of said composition to be sanitized upstream of the device(s). (s) irradiation.
• the irradiation device(s) is (are) interposed ⁇ ) between: the upstream means for mixing said conveying composition and said photo-reactive composition, and; the means for introducing the flow of said disinfectant composition into the flow of said conveying composition.
• the means for introducing the composition comprising chlorine dioxide into said filtration pipe comprise a unit for preparing the composition comprising chlorine dioxide by pumping/mixing: an aqueous solution sodium chlorite (NaCfCL); an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and; of water.
• the hydraulic conveyor comprises a computer device for controlling and synchronizing: the suction/discharge device(s); the device for distributing the flow of said photo-reactive composition in said filtration conduit; the irradiation device, and; means for introducing the composition comprising chlorine dioxide into said filtration pipe.
• the means for introducing the composition comprising chlorine dioxide into said filtration pipe open into said filtration pipe downstream of the irradiation device.
• the sanitation device elements arranged on said filtration pipe upstream of the site for introducing the composition comprising chlorine dioxide into said filtration pipe are preserved from corrosion.
• the invention also relates to such a hydraulic conveyor for the implementation of a sanitation process according to the invention.
• the invention also extends to a packaging installation - in particular an installation for sorting and grouping into batches - floating objects belonging to the group of fruits and vegetables, comprising at least one hydraulic conveyor according to the invention.
• the installation comprises a line, called a line for calibrating, conveying, analyzing and sorting objects according to predetermined criteria, said calibration line being provided with selective unloading means (not shown) objects in different accumulation channels of the hydraulic conveyor extending generally orthogonally to the calibration line, with an upstream end portion located under the unloading means of the calibration line.
• Said calibration line has different object analysis stations (weighing, optical analysis, others) and is adapted to allow a distribution of the objects conveyed by said calibration line in the accumulation channels of the hydraulic conveyor depending of the result of the analysis, each accumulation channel receiving objects meeting substantially the same criterion analysis and sorting.
• the invention also relates to a method for sanitizing a conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor of the type with recirculation of conveying composition, such a hydraulic conveyor comprising a sanitizing device suitable for the implementation of such a method and an installation for packaging objects, comprising such a hydraulic conveyor, characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
• a hydraulic conveyor comprising a sanitizing device suitable for the implementation of such a method and an installation for packaging objects, comprising such a hydraulic conveyor, characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
• FIG 1 is a schematic top view of an illustrative example of an installation for sorting and grouping objects into batches, comprising a hydraulic conveyor according to the invention with recirculation of conveying composition and with device sanitation of the conveying composition;
• FIG 2 is a schematic representation of an upstream part of a device for cleaning up a conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor according to the invention
• FIG 3 is a schematic representation of a downstream part of a sanitation device of the conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor according to the invention, complementary to the upstream part of the sanitation device shown in Figure 2, and;
• FIG 4 is an illustrative block diagram of a sanitation process according to the invention of a conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor of floating objects.
• FIG. 1 shows a simplified illustrative diagram of an example of an installation 1 for packaging floating objects belonging to the group of fruits and vegetables, the installation 1 being of the type comprising at least one hydraulic conveyor 11 allowing the sorting and grouping said floating objects into batches.
• the installation 1 for packaging objects represented in FIG. 1 is an apple packing plant.
• an installation according to the invention for packaging floating objects belonging to the group of fruits and vegetables extends to any installation for packaging floating objects other than apples, for example pears, or any other fruit or floating vegetables.
• the installation 1 for packaging objects also comprises a second hydraulic conveyor 5 extending from the visual control station 4 and intended to convey the apples from the visual control station 4 to an upstream longitudinal end 6 of a line, called line 7, for grading, conveying from upstream to downstream, analyzing the apples conveyed and sorting the apples according to criteria determined during the analysis.
• the second hydraulic conveyor 5 forms a channel for guiding the apples, containing conveying water and named “channel 8 of the second water”.
• Said calibration line 7 is provided with selective unloading means (not shown) of the apples conveyed by said calibration line 7, in different accumulation channels 12 of a third hydraulic conveyor 11 of a conveying composition, called “third water", the accumulation channels 12 extending globally orthogonally to said line 7 of calibration.
• Each accumulation channel 12 comprises an upstream end portion 13 located under the selective unloading means, not shown, so that each apple conveyed by said calibration line 7 is moved into the accumulation channel 12 corresponding to the result of analysis of this apple.
• Said calibration line 7 may have one or more analysis station(s) 9 - in particular, for example, a weighing analysis station and/or one or more optical analysis station(s) of the apples driven in displacement by said calibration line 7 in the direction represented by the arrow 10 shown in dotted line.
• the third hydraulic conveyor 11 is of the type with recirculation of conveying composition and is intended to convey floating objects, in particular apples. It comprises a conveying basin 14 forming the plurality of accumulation channels 12 -for example from 5 to 50 accumulation channels- parallel to each other and adjoining laterally and extending longitudinally between an upstream supply pipe 15 channels 12 of accumulation in conveying composition, and a downstream channel 16 for collecting apples accumulated in a channel 12 of accumulation and released into the channel 16 of collection. Collection channel 16 extends orthogonally to channels 12 accumulation, along the ends 17 downstream discharge apples of each channel 12 accumulation.
• the third hydraulic conveyor 11 can for example contain a volume of conveying composition—in particular a volume of water—of between 10 m 3 and 1000 m 3 , in particular of the order of 30 m 3 to 100 m 3 .
• each channel 12 of accumulation is sized to be able to receive a batch of apples intended to fill a box or "palox", at a station 18 of reception fed by the channel 16 of collection.
• Each channel 12 of accumulation has a sufficient length to be able to receive all the apples forming the same batch and having to be the subject of the same subsequent treatment.
• each channel of 12 accumulation receives apples having specific characteristics vis-à-vis the selection criteria, for example a predetermined size. In the same batch, all the apples therefore have the same or similar characteristics, in particular the same size.
• the accumulation channels 12 are fed and traversed by a current of aqueous conveying composition generated by a hydraulic recirculation device for said conveying composition between the collection channel 16 and the supply pipe 15.
• the hydraulic recirculation device is provided with recirculation pipes 20 and means 19 for pumping a flow of said conveying composition at the downstream end of the channel 16 for collecting and discharging this flow into the supply pipe 15 via the recirculation pipes 20.
• the flow rate of conveying composition is visualized in Ligure 1 by arrows 21 represented in continuous lines.
• the hydraulic current formed in each channel 12 of accumulation due to this recirculation is adapted to be able to ensure the transport of floating objects - in particular apples - in the hydraulic current, the upper surface of this hydraulic current emerging in the open air.
• the upstream supply line 15 extends along the upstream ends 13 of each accumulation channel 12 receiving the hydraulic current generated by the recirculation pump 19, common to the various accumulation channels 12, itself arranged to be able to pump the aqueous conveying composition by suction into the station 18 for receiving the stream of conveying composition conveying the apples and to be able to discharge in a closed circuit, the aqueous conveying composition into the upstream supply pipe 15 via the pipes 20 recirculation.
• the reception station 18 also includes a device 22 for filling a crate and/or a pallet box generally referred to as a “palox” by the apples circulating in the channel 16 for collection. It allows each batch of apples from an accumulation channel 12 to be packaged in the same package.
• the filling device 22 is equipped with a pump, called the pump 23 of the filler, arranged to be able to suck, in the lower part of the filling device 22, a flow of conveying composition passing through the slatted box positioned in the filling device 22 and allow the filling of the slatted box holding the apples conveyed by the current of said conveying composition, the crate being transparent to said conveying composition.
• Said pump 23 of the filler makes it possible to push back the flow of said conveying composition passing through the slatted box towards the third hydraulic conveyor 11.
• the hydraulic current flows in the accumulation channels 12, from their upstream end portion 13 extending under the unloading means of the calibration line 7, to their opposite downstream end 17 equipped with a retaining/release device 24 allowing, in a closed position, to retain the apples in the accumulation channel 12 while allowing the hydraulic current to pass, and, in the open position, to release them under the effect of the hydraulic current for the transfer to the collection channel 16 located downstream of all the accumulation channels 12.
• the retaining/release device 24 of each accumulation channel 12 is transparent to the hydraulic current flowing in the accumulation channel 12, including when this retaining/release device 24 is in the closed position for retaining apples in an area 25 accumulation of objects.
• the installation 1 for packaging objects represented in FIG. 1 is controlled by a control unit (automaton), generally made up of a computer system, adapted to control the various actuators, jacks and motors of the assembly. of the installation, in particular the calibration line 7, the unloading means, the retaining/release devices 24 of the accumulation channels 12, the reception station 18, the hydraulic recirculation device, in particular.
• This control unit also receives different signals from different sensors, detectors or devices for chemical analysis of said conveying composition.
• the installation 1 for packaging objects represented in FIG. 1 comprises at least one device 30 for sanitizing a composition, referred to as a composition rich in chlorate, for conveying apples enriched in trioxochlorate anion due to treatment of said conveying composition with chlorine dioxide for the purpose of controlling the development of microbiological flora in said conveying composition.
• the sanitation device 30 is intended to be able to be passed through by a flow of said chlorate-rich composition for the purposes of its sanitation.
• the sanitizing device 30 extends between an upstream inlet 31 of said chlorate-rich composition in the sanitizing device 30 and a downstream outlet 32 of said sanitized composition leaving the sanitizing device 30.
• the inlet 31 upstream of at least one - in particular of each - sanitation device 30 communicates with a pipe 33 leading said composition rich in chlorate delivered by the pump 23 of the filler.
• the downstream outlet 32 of at least one—in particular of each—sanitation device 30 communicates with a pipe 34 for circulating said sanitized composition to the filling device 22.
• the sanitation device 30 forms a hydraulic circuit in which said chlorate-rich composition circulates from upstream to downstream during its sanitation while being kept protected from atmospheric air.
• FIG. 2 A block diagram of a device 30 for cleaning up a hydraulic conveyor according to the invention is shown in detail and in two complementary and successive upstream and downstream parts in FIGS. 2 and 3.
• the upstream part of a sanitation device 30 represented in FIG. 2 comprises at least one pump, called a filtration pump 35, making it possible to establish a flow rate of conveying composition free of floating objects between the inlet 31 upstream and the outlet 32 downstream of the device 30 sanitation.
• Said filtration pump 35 is suitable for establishing such a conveying composition flow rate, including when the recirculation pump(s) 19 of the third hydraulic conveyor 11 and, where applicable, the filler pump 23 is (are ) stopped.
• the flow of said conveying composition crosses longitudinally the sanitation device 30 which forms a protective pipe for said conveying composition with respect to air - in particular atmospheric oxygen -.
• the sanitation device 30, the upstream part of which is shown in FIG. 2, comprises at least one device 36 for solid/liquid separation by sand filtration 27 of the solid matter transported by the flow rate of said conveying composition.
• the device 36 for filtration on sand 27 is adapted to allow regeneration of the filtration sand 27 by backwashing by said conveying composition and/or by backwashing by compressed air 53.
• the downstream part of a sanitation device 30 shown in Figure 3 extends in continuity with the upstream part of the sanitation device 30 shown in Figure 2 and comprises a device 37 for distributing and mixing a flow of a composition, called photo-reactive composition, comprising at least one photosensitive compound chosen from the group consisting of salts of a sulphite anion, salts of a bisulphite anion, salts of a meta-bisulphite anion and salts of a dithionite anion in the flow of said chlorate-rich composition 66 so as to form a flow of a composition, called composition 42 to be sanitized, flowing in a pipe 54 of the sanitizing device.
• a composition called photo-reactive composition
• Said photo-reactive composition 40 is stored in a reservoir 38 and the flow of said photo-reactive composition 40 is formed by pumping by means of a metering pump 39 adapted to be able to deliver a flow of said photo-reactive composition 40 in the flow of said composition 66 rich in chlorate.
• the flow rate of said composition 42 to be sanitized formed as a result of this mixture is driven by the filtration pump 35 and by the metering pump 39 of said photo-reactive composition 40 so as to pass through the internal volume of an enclosure 44 of a device 43 for irradiating said composition 42 to be sanitized, provided with tubes fluorescent tubes (not shown) extending longitudinally in the irradiation enclosure 44 and parallel to the axis of elongation of this enclosure 44.
• the irradiation device 43 comprises five fluorescent tubes extending parallel to each other to the others in the internal volume of the enclosure 44, each fluorescent tube thus being arranged to occupy, in the enclosure 44, a vertex of a regular pentagon along any cross section of the device 43 for irradiation.
• Each fluorescent tube is chosen to emit electromagnetic radiation comprising at least one electromagnetic wave in the UV-C range, in particular an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength substantially of the order of 254 nm and with a power of 300 W each.
• the irradiation device 43 is configured to allow irradiation of said composition 42 to be sanitized circulating in the irradiation device 43 between an inlet 45 of the flow rate of said composition 42 to be sanitized in the irradiation device 43 and an outlet 46 d a flow rate of conveying composition in which at least one photosensitive compound of said photo-reactive composition is converted into a compound, called active compound, capable of being able to react chemically with the trioxochlorate anion of said composition rich in chlorate and to form a conveying composition, called sanitized composition, with a concentration of trioxochlorate anion lower than the concentration of trioxochlorate anion in said composition rich in chlorate.
• the downstream part of a sanitation device 30 represented in FIG. 3 also comprises means for introducing into the flow 49 of said composition 61 for conveying a flow of a composition comprising chlorine dioxide 65 to the purposes of controlling the microbiological flora likely to develop in said conveying composition 61 .
• the introduction means comprise a generator, called chlorine dioxide generator 47, of a flow rate 48 of an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide (CfCL), arranged to be able to introduce in a controlled manner the flow rate 48 of chlorine dioxide solution chlorine in the flow 49 of conveying composition and to form a conveying composition rich in chlorine dioxide flowing in the downstream part of the sanitation device 30 towards the hydraulic conveyor 11.
• the upstream part of the sanitation device 30, in particular the irradiation enclosure 44 and more generally all the components for controlling the flow rate of said conveying composition passing through the sanitation device 30 are preserved from corrosion by chlorine dioxide.
• Said generator 47 of chlorine dioxide is adapted to be able to generate, substantially extemporaneously, an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide. It comprises a device 50 for mixing/metering a sodium chlorite solution contained in a container 51 of sodium chlorite and an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid contained in a container 52 of hydrochloric acid. Said chlorine dioxide generator 47 is connected to a computer device adapted to receive data representative of the concentration of chlorine dioxide at different sites of the hydraulic conveyor and to control said chlorine dioxide generator 47 so as to adapt the proportion. /concentration of chlorine dioxide in said conveying composition.
• the supply of chlorine dioxide in said conveying composition is controlled so that the mass proportion of chlorine dioxide in said conveying composition is maintained at a non-zero value (that is to say in proportion / disinfectant concentration) and at most equal to 0.20 ppm, in particular at most equal to 0.15 ppm.
• FIG. 4 A synoptic diagram of a particular mode of implementation of a method 70 for sanitizing a composition, called a conveying composition, aqueous for conveying objects from the group of fruits and vegetables in a hydraulic conveyor at recirculation of said conveying composition is shown in Figure 4.
• Such a method makes it possible to extend the duration of use of said conveying composition under maintained sanitary conditions and in any case under sanitary conditions satisfying the regulatory provisions relating to compositions intended to be in contact with foodstuffs. food.
• a method according to the invention for sanitizing a conveying composition of a hydraulic conveyor is implemented following a phase 60 of operation of the hydraulic conveyor belonging to installation 1 for packaging objects from the fruits and vegetables group.
• a composition called a conveying composition 61
• a conveying composition 61 of a hydraulic conveyor is used to allow conveying 63 of floating objects 62 belonging to the group of fruits and vegetables introduced in bulk into the installation 1 packaging of said objects and to condition these floating objects 62 in the form of objects 64 sorted and grouped into batches.
• chlorine dioxide 65 (CfCL), as a disinfectant, is added to said conveying composition 61 so as to control an excessive proliferation of the microbiological flora brought by the objects 62 floating in said composition 61 conveying.
• a proportion of chlorine dioxide is sufficient to allow control of the proliferation of undesirable microorganisms and disinfection (total or partial) of said conveying composition 61 .
• a solution of chlorine dioxide 65 is prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 9%, an aqueous solution of sodium chlorite (NaCfCh) at 7.5% and water and the required flow rate of this chlorine dioxide solution is introduced into the flow rate of conveying composition whose control of microbiological growth is desired.
• a flow rate of said conveying composition 61 is taken from the hydraulic conveyor and directed into the sanitation device 30 in which it receives a flow rate 48 of chlorine dioxide solution. In other embodiments, nothing prevents introducing the flow 48 of chlorine dioxide solution into any flow of said conveying composition 61.
• F anion trioxochlorate of formula (COOs') in a hydrated form in the aqueous conveying composition is formed in said conveying composition 61 .
• the hydraulic conveyor being of the type with recirculation conveying, such a trioxochlorate anion accumulates in said conveying composition 61 due to a renewed supply of floating objects 62 in the hydraulic conveyor for the purpose of their packaging in batches , for example.
• Such a trioxochlorate anion constitutes an undesirable by-product and its proportion in said conveying composition 61 must be controlled.
• trioxochlorate anion in said conveying composition is lower than a threshold value defined by the regulations relating to foodstuffs, for example lower than 10 ppm (i.e. say less than of the order of 10 g of trioxochlorate anion per cubic meter of said composition 66 rich in chlorate), in particular less than 5 ppm, preferably less than 3 ppm.
• a sanitizing treatment 70 of said chlorate-rich composition 66 is carried out so as to reduce the proportion of trioxochlorate anion (COOs') in said chlorate-rich composition 66 and to form a sanitized composition 67 suitable for being able to be reused as of conveying composition 61 in the hydraulic recirculating conveyor of said conveying composition.
• COOs' trioxochlorate anion
• the introduction of floating objects 62 into the hydraulic conveyor is interrupted (step 68) so that, as the floating objects 62 are sorted, grouped in batches, packaged and extracted from the hydraulic conveyor, said composition 66 rich in chlorate does not convey any floating objects 62 during the treatment 70 for sanitation.
• the supply of chlorine dioxide 65 is also interrupted (step 69) by maintaining the circulation of said composition 66 rich in chlorate in the hydraulic conveyor.
• a recirculation of said composition 66 rich in chlorate is maintained (step 71) in the conveyor hydraulic, in particular a recirculation at low flow rate, that is to say at a reduced flow rate compared to the flow rate of said conveying composition 61 established during the operating phase 60 .
• a recirculation of said composition 66 rich in chlorate is maintained with a flow rate of between 20 m 3 /hour and 40 m 3 /hour.
• the recirculation of said composition 66 rich in chlorate is maintained so that a flow of said composition 66 rich in chlorate passes through the sanitation device 30 by circulating in a pipe maintaining said composition 66 rich in chlorate at the sheltered from atmospheric air.
• This flow rate is maintained by means of the filtration pump 35 of the sanitation device 30 .
• the recirculation of said composition 66 rich in chlorate is maintained for a time necessary for the concentration of chlorine dioxide to decrease in said composition 66 rich in chlorate. For example, this recirculation is maintained for a period of 8 hours, at least.
• composition 42 to be sanitized a flow of a composition, called composition 42 to be sanitized, is formed by mixing 72 a flow of said composition 66 rich in chlorate and at least one flow of a composition, called photo-reactive composition 40, comprising at least one photosensitive compound chosen from the group consisting of sulphite anion salts (SO3 2 ), bisulphite anion salts (HSO3 ) and metabisulphite anion salts (S2O5 2 ).
• This mixture 72 is produced as close as possible to an inlet 45 of a device 43 for irradiating said composition 42 to be sanitized.
• composition 42 to be sanitized circulating in the irradiation device 43 and passing through it is subjected because of this circulation to irradiation 75 by electromagnetic radiation comprising at least one electromagnetic wave in the UV-C range, in particular an electromagnetic wave d a wavelength of the order of 254 nm.
• a photo-activated composition 76 comprising at least one compound, called active compound 77, capable of being able to react chemically with the trioxochlorate anion is formed due to this irradiation 75.
• composition 66 rich in chlorate is converted in a composition, called sanitized composition 67, conveying having a proportion of trioxochlorate anion reduced relative to the proportion of trioxochlorate anion of said composition 66 rich in chlorate.
• sanitized composition 67 conveying having a proportion of trioxochlorate anion reduced relative to the proportion of trioxochlorate anion of said composition 66 rich in chlorate.
• the irradiation 75 is carried out in the absence of atmospheric air.
• a sanitation process 70 during the mixing 72 of said chlorate-rich composition 66 and the flow of said photoreactive composition 40, the supply of chlorine dioxide 65 is interrupted.
• the device 37 for distributing a flow of said photo-reactive composition 40 in the flow of said composition 66 rich in chlorate is activated and said composition 42 to be sanitized is formed as a result of this mixture and circulates in the device 30 sanitizer, and that the irradiation device 43 is activated so as to irradiate said composition 42 to be sanitized passing through the enclosure 44 irradiation, then the chlorine dioxide generator 47 is inactivated and no flow of chlorine dioxide is delivered into said conveying composition being sanitized.
• a flow of said composition rich in chlorate is taken, the flow of said composition 42 to be sanitized is formed and said composition 42 to be sanitized is subjected to irradiation with ultraviolet light in the irradiation chamber 44 sheltered from atmospheric air.
• the recirculation of said chlorate-rich composition 66 is maintained in the sanitation device 30 so that substantially all of said chlorate-rich composition 66 contained in the hydraulic conveyor passes through the sanitation device 30.
• the mixture 72 of the flow rate of said composition 66 rich in chlorate and the flow rate of said photo-reactive composition 40 and the irradiation 75 of said composition 42 to be sanitized are maintained for a period of between 1 hour and 72 hours, in particular for a period of the order of 10 hours to 50 hours so as to form said sanitized composition 67.
• said sanitized composition 67 is subjected to an oxygenation step 78 capable of inactivating at least a portion of the photosensitive compound(s). Residual active compound(s) and/or compound(s) of said composition 67 sanitized prior to its use as conveying composition 61 recycled in an operating step 60 .
• said sanitized composition 67 is subjected to such an oxygenation step 78 prior to the addition of chlorine dioxide 65 to said recycled conveying composition 61 .
• Such oxygenation of said sanitized composition 67 can be carried out by activating the recirculation pump 19 allowing said sanitized composition 67 to be mixed in the hydraulic conveyor and/or by activating the pump 23 of the filler adapted to create an aeration vortex of said composition 67 sanitized.
• Said conveying composition 61 formed at the end of the sanitation treatment 70 and circulating in the hydraulic conveyor satisfies the regulatory provisions relating to products and processes for treating water intended for human consumption and having a concentration of trioxochlorate anion reduced and less than 3 ppm.
• EXAMPLE 1 Sanitation of the conveying water of the basin of the third water of an apple pre-calibration chain - Treatment of F anion trioxochlorate
• the pre-calibration chain includes a pilot device for filtering and purifying the conveying water from the hydraulic conveyor. of the third water.
• the pilot filtration and sanitation device extends between an inlet (identified by the reference 31 in FIGS. 1 and 2) for conveying water into the filtration and sanitation device 30 .
• the inlet 31 is in conveying water communication with a conveying water discharge pipe by the pump 23 of the filler.
• the outlet (identified by the reference 32 in FIGS. 1 and 3) is in conveying water communication with a pipeline conveying conveying water to the device 22 for filling.
• Other configurations are however possible.
• the pre-calibration chain is kept in operation for a period of 1.5 months by regular supply of apples to be packaged in batches.
• the average concentration of chlorine dioxide (CfCL) in the conveying water of the third water basin is maintained at an average chlorine dioxide value of between 0.10 ppm and 0.20 ppm, in particular of the order of 0.15 ppm.
• the volume of water circulating in the basin of the third water is approximately 60 m 3 .
• No uncontrolled development of undesirable microorganisms is detected in the conveying water.
• chlorate anion salts (COCh ) are formed in the conveying water.
• the measured concentration of the chlorate anion is 3.90 mg/L (3.90 ppm).
• This concentration does not meet the regulatory provisions relating to products and processes for treating water intended for human consumption.
• the operation of the pre-calibration chain is interrupted.
• the supply of apples, the supply of chlorine dioxide in the conveying water and the recirculation of the conveying water by the recirculation pump 19 are interrupted.
• 2 hours after stopping the supply of chlorine dioxide the circulation of the conveying water in the purification device 30 is activated by the start-up of the filtration pump 35 causing the flow of said composition (conveying water) rich in chlorate in the pipes of the sanitation device.
• a flow of a solution of sodium bisulphite (NaHSCh) (CAS n°7631-90-5) is introduced into the flow of conveying water rich in chlorate so that the flow of the mixture formed passes through the internal volume of the irradiation enclosure 44 of the irradiation device 43 whose fluorescent tubes emit ultraviolet light with a wavelength of about 254 nm.
• the addition of the sodium bisulphite solution and the irradiation at a wavelength of the order of 254 nm are maintained for a period lasting 15 hours. At the end of this period, the supply of sodium bisulphite is interrupted.
• the average concentration of chlorate anion as measured in the convey water is 2.60 mg/L (2.60 ppm).
• This concentration satisfies the regulatory provisions relating to products and processes for treating water intended for human consumption.
• the reduction rate of the trioxochlorate anion (CI O? ) is 33%.
• the controlled supply of chlorine dioxide is restored and the precalibration chain is ready to be supplied with fruit or vegetables.
• EXAMPLE 2 Sanitation of the conveying water of the basin of the third water of an apple pre-calibration line - Treatment of F anion trioxo-chlorate
• FIG. 1 A simplified diagram of such an apple pre-calibration chain is shown in Figure 1.
• the pre-calibration chain is kept in operation for a period of 2 months by regular supply of apples to be packaged in batches.
• the average concentration of chlorine dioxide (CTO2) in the conveying water of the third water basin was maintained at an average value between 0.10 ppm and 0.20 ppm, in particular of the order of 0.15 ppm.
• No uncontrolled development of undesirable microorganisms is detected in the conveying water.
• the measured concentration of chlorate flag in the conveying water is 3.77mg/L (3.77 ppm). This concentration does not meet the regulatory provisions relating to products and processes for treating water intended for human consumption.
• the operation of the pre-calibration chain is interrupted.
• the supply of apples, the supply of chlorine dioxide in the conveying water and the recirculation of said composition (conveying water) rich in chlorate by the recirculation pump 19 are interrupted. 24 hours after the chlorine dioxide supply is stopped, the circulation of the chlorate-rich conveying water in the sanitation device is activated. A flow of a sodium bisulphite solution (NaHSCh) is introduced into the flow of chlorate-rich conveying water so that the flow of the mixture formed passes through the internal volume of the irradiation enclosure 44 of the device 43 d irradiation whose fluorescent tubes irradiate the conveying water rich in chlorate with ultraviolet light with a wavelength of about 254 nm.
• NaHSCh sodium bisulphite solution
• the supply of the sodium bisulphite solution and the irradiation are maintained for a period lasting 36 hours. At the end of this period, the supply of sodium bisulphite is interrupted.
• the average concentration of Trioxochlorate Pennant as measured in the conveying water is 2.76 mg/L (2.76 ppm). This concentration allows the floating objects conveyed by such conveying water to satisfy the regulatory provisions relating to products intended for human consumption.
• the rate of abatement of Flag trioxochlorate (CI O/) is 27%.
• the controlled supply of chlorine dioxide is restored and the pre-calibration chain is in a condition to be supplied with floating objects belonging to the fruit and vegetable group.
• the sanitation treatment according to the invention combining a supply of a photosensitive compound chosen from the group consisting of salts of a sulphite anion (SO3 2 ), salts of a bisulphite anion (HSO3 ) and salts of a disulphite anion (S2O5 2 ) -also called “metabisulphite” anion-, salts of a hydrosulphite anion (S2O4 2 ) -also called “dithionite anion”-, in the composition or the conveying water rich in trioxochlorate anion and a treatment with irradiation of the composition formed as a result of this addition, makes it possible to maintain the concentration of the trioxochlorate anion at a value compatible with the regulatory provisions, without requiring partial or total replacement of the conveying composition.
• the sanitation treatment according to the invention allows the composition to be recycled for a longer period of time while saving water.
• the invention may be the subject of numerous variants and applications other than those described above.
• the various structural and functional characteristics of each of the embodiments described above should not be considered as combined and/or closely and/or inextricably linked to each other, but to the opposite as mere juxtapositions.
• the structural and/or functional characteristics of the different embodiments described above may be the subject, in whole or in part, of any different juxtaposition or any different combination.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
• Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-01-29 FR FR2100889A patent/FR3119386B1/fr active Active
• 2022
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  • 2022-01-26 CN CN202280020185.5A patent/CN117157255A/zh active Pending
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