EP4283244A1 - Projectile for a cartridge for hard-core hand firearms, and method for producing same - Google Patents

Abstract

It is a projectile for a handgun cartridge for insertion into the neck of a cartridge case of a cartridge, the projectile 4 having a jacket 11, a hard core 12 arranged in the jacket and a carrier holding the hard core in the jacket; the wearer is designed as a shoe 13; the shoe is located in the rear part of the floor; the shoe 13 has a forward-facing open part 13a, into which the hard core 12 is inserted, which is characterized in that the inner cross section 14a, 14b of the open part 13a of the shoe, viewed in the circumferential direction of the cross section, rests alternately on the hard core 12 in sections and is spaced from the hard core 12. This results in an installation situation for the core, which is only held in sections in the shoe and is therefore centered, while in other places there remains a free space between the shoe and the core. When inserting the core into the shoe, the existing air can escape more quickly through the free spaces because air cushions are avoided when inserting it into the shoe. At the same time, a close fit between the shoe and the core can be provided in the contact zones, which enables high precision.

Description

The invention relates to a bullet with a hard core for a cartridge for handguns, as well as a cartridge with such a bullet inserted into the neck of the cartridge case.

Projectiles of this type are known in a variety of designs and designs for a wide variety of purposes. Jacketed bullets are also known for such cartridges, which contain a heavy core, for example made of lead, in a jacket made of sheet metal. Such bullets are suitable for soft targets, but when they hit a hard target, such as an armored target, they deform significantly without penetrating the target.

There are also known bullets with a hard core, which have an increased penetrating effect with high precision and accuracy, especially when hitting armored targets. Such projectiles have a jacket, a hard core arranged in the jacket and a carrier holding the hard core in the jacket, the carrier being designed as a shoe in the rear part of the projectile. When viewed in the intended direction of flight of the bullet, the shoe is open towards the front for the insertion of the hard core. The hard core sits flush with its rear cylindrical tail in the shoe.

In order for the bullet to have an increased penetration effect with high precision and accuracy, especially when hitting armored targets, the core must be precisely centered in the shoe. The tight fit creates an air cushion when the core is inserted into the shoe, like a piston, which hinders production.

In the prior art, the shoe requires a circumferential groove in its outer cylindrical surface that rests on the jacket, which is referred to as a relief groove. This relief groove allows the material of the casing to escape into this free space in the event of radial pressure, which occurs when the shot is pressed into the fields and rifling of the barrel, in order to avoid overloading the casing material. Otherwise, the bullet casings may disassemble in front of the barrel muzzle because the casings were overloaded and torn during pressing. The relief groove is created by turning with material losses.

For cost reasons, it would be desirable to produce the shoe as a pressed part without further post-processing, such as turning to produce the relief groove. The pressed part can be mass-produced more cost-effectively than a turned part.

The invention is based on the object of creating an improved bullet with a hard core for a cartridge for handguns, or a cartridge with such a bullet, the bullet of which has an increased penetrating effect with high precision and accuracy, especially when hitting armored targets.

This object is achieved according to the invention with a bullet or cartridge for handguns, which has the features of claims 1 and 13, respectively. Furthermore, by a method for producing the projectile according to claim 14.

Advantageous refinements and further developments of the projectile according to the invention are the subject of the subclaims.

As usual, the hard core bullet initially has three components, namely a jacket that forms the outer shape of the bullet, a core made of hard material such as steel, sintered material, hard metal, tungsten carbide or hardened steel and a carrier for the core, which is in the form of a shoe, i.e. it is designed like a quiver, in which the hard core is inserted with its rear end.

The shell of the projectile, which is made of sheet metal, can in particular be made of copper, steel or tombac. Its task is to hold the hard core and the shoe-shaped support of this hard core. In addition, the jacket takes on the internal and external ballistic tasks of a normal bullet, as it can easily be given the required shape and external shape.

The hard core consists of hard materials such as steel or very hard materials such as sintered material, tungsten carbide, hard metal, heavy metal or hardened steel in order to achieve the desired penetration performance of the bullet. Because of the extreme hardness of the core, its external shape can hardly be changed after completion, so that manufacturing tolerances must be compensated for by the other parts of the projectile, namely the shoe that serves as the core carrier and the jacket. The hard core therefore sits with its front or outer end more or less freely within the ballistic jacket and only touches it in the area of its circumferential shoulder. Furthermore, it sits in the open part of the shoe.

When the hard-core projectile hits an armored target, the jacket of the projectile is opened at its front tip and remains, so to speak, stuck to the surface of the hard target. The hard core, on the other hand, penetrates the hard or armored target. The penetrating ability of the core is further enhanced by impacting the mass of the wearer or shoe when penetrating the hard target.

The special feature according to the invention lies in the design of the shoe-shaped carrier: the inner cross section of the open part of the shoe, viewed in the circumferential direction of the cross section, rests alternately on the hard core in sections and is spaced from the hard core. This results in an installation situation for the core, which is only held in sections in the shoe and is therefore centered, while in other places there remains a free space between the shoe and the core. When inserting the core into the shoe, the existing air can escape more quickly through the free spaces because air cushions are avoided when inserting it into the shoe. At the same time, a close fit between the shoe and the core can be provided in the contact zones, which enables high precision.

It is advantageous if there is a free space where the inner cross section of the open part of the shoe is spaced from the hard core. The free space is therefore filled with air. This serves to insert the core into the shoe more quickly during mass production and the bullet casing can also move axially and radially into the free spaces while deforming the shoe when the casing is pressed into the rifling and fields of the barrel during firing.

Preferably, the sections in which the inner cross section of the open part of the shoe, viewed in the circumferential direction of the cross section, alternately rest against the hard core and are spaced apart from the hard core, are evenly distributed in order to avoid imbalances. External ballistic advantages have been shown if three or four sections are provided in which the inner cross section rests on the core. The accuracy may be increased by the fact that the 3 or 4 point mounting of the core in the shoe centers the core particularly well. The shoe can therefore be mass-produced with greater tolerance and therefore more quickly.

Preferably, the inner cross-section of the open part of the shoe is essentially circular, but with varying cross-sectional radii Rmax and Rmin, the smallest cross-sectional radius Rmin being where the cross-section abuts the core and the maximum cross-sectional radius Rmax being where the cross-section is from the hard core is maximally spaced. If the radii do not change suddenly from Rmin to Rmax, but rather slowly change over the circumference, the result is a component which can be easily and quickly mass-produced, preferably by compression molding, in particular without complex post-processing. The inner cross section forms a rounded polygon
The shoe is expediently designed to accommodate the rear end of the hard core of the projectile. Its kinetic energy is transferred to the core when it hits a target.

The outer cross section of the shoe is expediently circular and the outer shape of the shoe is adapted to the casing of the projectile in the rear area of the same
What has proven to be suitable for the area of application is that the hard core of the bullet consists of steel or a very hard material, such as sintered material, heavy metal, tungsten carbide, hard metal or hardened steel.

It is advantageous if the jacket of the bullet is made of copper, steel or tombac.

If the shoe is a pressed part, preferably made of copper, a copper alloy, tombac, brass or a metal, rapid mass production is possible.

For this reason, it is particularly preferred if the outer shape of the shoe is designed as a cylinder, which is preferably free of circumferential relief grooves on the outer circumference. This shape can be created quickly and without any post-processing as a pressed part. With a normal design of the shoe without the free spaces according to the invention between the shoe and the core, there would have to be a circumferential relief groove in the outer circumference of the wearer. This relief groove offers the material of the jacket the opportunity to escape into the empty space of the relief groove when radial pressure occurs in order to avoid overloading the jacket material. Otherwise, the bullet casing will disassemble in front of the barrel muzzle, since when it is pressed into the rifling and fields of the barrel, the casing material that is to be displaced cannot escape and the bullet casing will therefore be torn. Until now, the relief groove had to be created in a further step. The shape of the shoe according to the invention makes it possible to produce the shoe as a pressed part without post-processing. The pressed part can be formed in a single cycle.

Preferably, the hard core of the projectile has a cylindrical shaft that fits into the open part of the shoe and which lies at points against the jacket from the inside angled shoulder and a sharp point located at a distance from the front, outer end of the coat.

During production, the core is preferably first inserted into the shoe and then the shoe with core is inserted with some pre-tension into the already drawn bullet casing.

Finally, a cartridge for handguns is claimed, with a cartridge case provided with a primer cap and containing a propellant charge and with a bullet according to the invention inserted into the neck of the cartridge case.

The preferred small caliber rifles are .223 Rem., .308 Win., .300 Win. Mag., .338 Lap. Mag., .50 BMG, 5.56 mm x 45, 7.62 mm x 51, 7.62 mm x 67, .300 AAC Blackout, 8.6 mm x 70, 12.7 mm x 99, as there is a higher loss of material due to the previously machining of the shoes arises.

A shoe made of plastic is also possible for the mass production of the projectile, in which case the plastic injection molding process should be considered a pressing process in the sense of the invention.

The expert selects the materials for the bullet jacket and shoe from suitable materials, such as copper, a copper alloy, tombac, brass or an aluminum metal or a suitable aluminum alloy, taking into account the weight of the hard core. For example, the bullet weight is 4 g for a bullet with a caliber of 5.56 mm x 45. In the case of a cheaper and lighter hard core made of steel, heavier materials such as tombac are selected for the shoe and bullet jacket. In the case of a heavier hard core of tungsten carbide, lighter materials such as aluminum for the shoe and steel for the jacket are selected for the shoe and bullet jacket.

The invention creates a precision cartridge for handguns, for example up to a caliber of 15 mm, whose projectile has the excellent ballistic properties known from jacketed projectiles and thus ensures high accuracy and, on the other hand, develops an increased penetrating effect on hard and armored targets because it is made of hard metal Sintered metal or a core made of tungsten carbide or other sintered materials is provided, the external shape of which is adapted to the desired penetration effect without having to be based on ballistic requirements. Production is more effective thanks to the novel shoe described according to the invention, which can be produced as a pressed part.

• Bereitstellen einer Vielzahl von Mänteln des bestimmten Kalibers mit unterschiedlichen Gewichten aus unterschiedlich schweren Materialien, wobei alle Mäntel dieselbe Form und Größe aufweisen;
• Bereitstellen einer Vielzahl von Schuhen des bestimmten Kalibers mit unterschiedlichen Gewichten aus unterschiedlich schweren Materialien, wobei alle Schuhe dieselbe Form und Größe aufweisen;
• Bereitstellen einer Vielzahl von harten Kernen des bestimmten Kalibers mit unterschiedlichen Gewichten aus unterschiedlich schweren Materialien, wobei alle Kerne
  • - - zumindest in dem Bereich des Kerns, der in den offenen Teil des Schuhs eingesetzt wird, dieselbe Form und Größe aufweisen;
  • - - und in den von dem Mänteln bereitgestellten Hohlraum zwischen Schuh und Mantel eingepasst sind;
• Auswählen eines Kern des bestimmten Kalibers;
• Ermitteln eines zum ausgewählten Kern passenden Mantels des bestimmten Kalibers und Schuhs des bestimmten Kalibers, derart, dass ein vorgegebener Geschossgewichtsbereich des bestimmten Kalibers eingehalten wird;
• Zusammensetzen eines Geschosses aus dem ausgewählten Kern, Mantel und Schuh.

Furthermore, it is effective if the shoe and casing components of a caliber are provided in a modular manner and are geometrically essentially identical, but consist of materials of different weights. In order to achieve a specific bullet weight for a core of a specific weight, the appropriate shoe and jacket can be manufactured on the same or similar machines/tools. This is claimed through the following procedure:
Method for producing a projectile according to the invention with the following steps:

• Providing a variety of jackets of the particular caliber of different weights made from materials of different weights, all jackets having the same shape and size;
• Providing a variety of shoes of the particular caliber of different weights made from materials of different weights, all shoes having the same shape and size;
• Providing a variety of hard cores of the specific caliber with different weights from materials of different weights, all cores
  • - - have the same shape and size at least in the area of the core that is inserted into the open part of the shoe;
  • - - and are fitted into the cavity between the shoe and the coat provided by the coat;
• selecting a core of the particular caliber;
• Determining a jacket of the specific caliber and shoe of the specific caliber that matches the selected core, such that a predetermined bullet weight range of the specific caliber is maintained;
• Assembling a bullet from the selected core, jacket and shoe.

• Fig. 1 eine in Längsrichtung geschnittene Ansicht der gesamten Patrone in vergrößertem Maßstab und
• Fig. 2 eine in Längsrichtung geschnittene Ansicht des Geschosses der Patrone aus Fig. 1 in gegenüber Fig. 1 nochmals vergrößertem Maßstab.
• Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch das Geschoss in Höhe des offenen Teils des Schuhs im Schnitt A-A.

The drawing shows an embodiment of the cartridge according to the invention for handguns with a hard core bullet, namely shows

• Fig. 1 a longitudinal sectional view of the entire cartridge on an enlarged scale and
• Fig. 2 a longitudinally sectioned view of the bullet of the cartridge Fig. 1 in opposite Fig. 1 again on an enlarged scale.
• Fig. 3 a cross section through the bullet at the level of the open part of the shoe in section AA.

In the Fig. 1 The cartridge 1 shown has a cartridge case 2 and a bullet 4 inserted into the narrowed neck 3 of the cartridge case, which is designed as a hard-core bullet.

The cartridge case 2 has a conically tapered base body 5 with a foot 6 molded onto it, which contains an extraction groove 7 and a primer cap 8 embedded in it.

At the opposite end, the cartridge case 2 has a frusto-conical shoulder 9 , which forms a connection between the conical base body 5 and the narrowed neck 3 of the cartridge case 2 .

A propellant charge 10 consisting of nitrocellulose powder is accommodated within the cartridge case 2 .

The best in its details Fig. 2 Recognizable projectile 4 essentially consists of three parts, namely a jacket 11 which determines the outer and inner ballistic shape, a hard core 12 covered by this jacket 11 and a carrier or shoe 13 which holds the core 12 within the jacket 11 and which has a certain mass and its external shape is adapted to the shape of the jacket and, on the other hand, in its open part 13a it receives the hard core 12 like a quiver or in the form of a shoe and holds it within the projectile. The shoe 13 designed as a shoe or quiver thus fulfills the function of a holder for the hard core 12 made of hard material such as tungsten carbide, hard metal or sintered material, the external shape of which can no longer be influenced after production, in the outer jacket that determines the ballistic shape of the projectile 4 11. In addition, the mass of the shoe 13 supports the penetration energy or penetrating power of the hard core 12 when striking a hard target, such as an armored target.

The shoe 13 has a foot 13b made of solid material, the outer contour of which is adapted to the ballistic shape of the jacket 11 of the projectile 4 in order to ensure a secure fit of the shoe 13 in the projectile 4 . Starting from the front or outer end of the carrier 13, a blind hole is incorporated or formed into it, which forms the open part 13a for properly receiving the rear end of the hard core 12 . The shoe 13 thus forms a circumferential, raised collar as lateral support for the hard core 12 inserted into the shoe 13 .

The core 12, which is made of particularly hard material such as hard metal, tungsten carbide or sintered material, has a cylindrical base body 18, which is connected to its rear end inside the collar 17 in the open part 13a of the shoe 13 . This base body 18 merges via an angular shoulder 19 into a sharp tip 20 , which forms the front end of the core 12 . This tip 20 is at a distance from the outer rounded, tip-shaped end 21 of the casing 11 and only touches this end when the casing 11 of the projectile 4 is deformed when it hits a hard target.

Like in particular Fig. 2 As can be seen, in the undeformed bullet 4 there is a cavity between the sharp tip 20 of the hard core 12 and the outer end 21 of the jacket 11 of the bullet, which extends into the area of the shoulder 19 of the core 12, which is on the inner wall of the jacket 11 applies, extends. On the other side of the shoulder 19 there is a further cavity 23 between the core 12 and the jacket 11 , which extends into the area of the raised collar 17 of the wearer 13 .

If the projectile 4 hits a target and in particular a hard target, the outer end 21 of the jacket 11 is pressed inwards towards the sharp tip 20 of the hard core 12 and is thereby deformed. At the same time, due to the inertia, the hard core 12 is pushed forward towards the outer end 21 of the jacket 11 . The angled shoulder 19 resting on the jacket 11 tears the jacket 11 open. If the tip 20 hits the outer end 21 of the jacket 11 , the jacket 11 is torn open here too. This opens the jacket 11 in two ways. Since it is made of relatively easily deformable material, it lies on the outer surface of the hard target and remains there, so to speak. The hard core 12, which is virtually non-deformable, penetrates the hard target and penetrates it with high precision. The mass of the shoe 13 supports the penetration movement or penetration energy of the core 12 when penetrating the target and penetrating the hard target. Since the core 12 practically does not deform, precise hits and smooth penetrations result.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the projectile 4 at the level of the open part 13a of the shoe 13. The shoe 13 is inserted and held in the projectile jacket 11 .

The hard core is inserted into the collar of the open part 13a of the shoe 13 . Viewed over the circumference of the open part, the core 12 does not rest against the inner cross section 14a, 14b of the open part 13a of the shoe everywhere. Sections alternate in the direction of travel in which the inner cross section 14b lies against the hard core 12 and the inner cross section 14a is spaced from the hard core 12 . In the floor 4 shown, the core 12 is held by three adjacent sections 14b and thus centered in the shoe 13 . The Other sections, in which the inner cross section 14a is spaced from the hard core 12 and thereby enclose a free space 15 , enable the jacket material to be picked up, which is displaced when the bullet is squeezed into the fields and rifling of the barrel.

Claims (15)

Bullet for a cartridge for handguns for insertion into the neck of a cartridge case of a cartridge, wherein the projectile (4) has a jacket (11), a hard core (12) arranged in the jacket and a carrier holding the hard core in the jacket; the wearer is designed as a shoe (13); the shoe is located in the rear part of the floor; the shoe (13) has a forward-facing open part (13a) into which the hard core (12) is inserted, characterized in that the inner cross section (14a, 14b) of the open part (13a) of the shoe, viewed in the circumferential direction of the cross section, rests alternately on the hard core (12) in sections and is spaced from the hard core (12). Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a free space (15) where the inner cross section (14a) of the open part (13a) of the shoe (13) is spaced from the hard core (12). Projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sections at which the inner cross section (14a, 14b) of the open part of the shoe, viewed in the circumferential direction of the cross section, alternately rest against the hard core and are spaced from the hard core, are evenly distributed and preferably three or four sections are provided in which the inner cross section rests on the core. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner cross section (14a, 14b) of the open part of the shoe is essentially circular, but with varying cross-sectional radii (Rmax, Rmin), the smallest cross-sectional radius (Rmin) being present where the cross section (14b) lies against the core (12) and the maximum cross section radius (Rmax) is present where the cross section is maximally spaced from the hard core. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shoe (13) for receiving the rear end of the hard core (12) of the Projectile is formed. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer cross section (16) of the shoe is circular. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external shape of the shoe is adapted to the jacket (11) of the projectile (4) in the rear area of the same. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard core (12) of the projectile (4) consists of steel or a very strong material which, due to its properties, can withstand mechanical loads, such as in particular bending, tension, pressure, shearing, up to load limit before failure occurs, especially sintered materials, heavy metals, tungsten carbide, hard metal or hardened steel. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket (11) of the projectile (4) consists of copper, steel, bronze or tombac. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shoe (13) is a pressed part, preferably made of a ductile metallic material such as copper, a copper alloy, tombac, brass or an aluminum metal or a suitable aluminum alloy. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer shape of the shoe (13), with the exception of its rear (13b), is designed as a cylinder, which is preferably free of circumferential relief grooves on the outer circumference. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hard core (12) of the projectile (4) has a cylindrical shaft (18) which fits into the open part (13a) of the shoe (13), which is attached to the jacket (11). has an angled shoulder (19) that is placed at points from the inside and a sharp tip (20) located at a distance from the front, outer end (21) of the jacket (11). Cartridge for handguns, with a cartridge case provided with a primer cap and containing a propellant charge and with a projectile (4) inserted into the neck of the cartridge case according to one of the preceding claims. Method for producing a bullet for a cartridge of a specific caliber with the features of one of the preceding claims 1-12 with the following steps: - Providing a plurality of jackets (11) of the particular caliber with different weights made of materials of different weights, all jackets having the same shape and size; - Providing a plurality of shoes (13) of the particular caliber with different weights made of materials of different weights, all shoes having the same shape and size; - Providing a variety of hard cores (12) of the specific caliber with different weights made from materials of different weights, all cores - - have the same shape and size at least in the area of the core that is inserted into the open part (13a) of the shoe; - - and are fitted into the cavity between the shoe and the coat provided by the coats; - Selecting a core of the specific caliber; - Determining a jacket of the specific caliber and shoe of the specific caliber that matches the selected core, such that a predetermined bullet weight range of the specific caliber is maintained; - Assembling a bullet from the selected core, jacket and shoe. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of shoes and coats are manufactured on the same or similar machine with the same or similar tools.

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