EP4265965A1 - Mécanisme de commande pour un appareil de combustion - Google Patents

Mécanisme de commande pour un appareil de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4265965A1
EP4265965A1 EP22169350.0A EP22169350A EP4265965A1 EP 4265965 A1 EP4265965 A1 EP 4265965A1 EP 22169350 A EP22169350 A EP 22169350A EP 4265965 A1 EP4265965 A1 EP 4265965A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
supply line
fuel gas
combustion appliance
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP22169350.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Job Rutgers
Mehmet Kapucu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BDR Thermea Group BV
Original Assignee
BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BDR Thermea Group BV filed Critical BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority to EP22169350.0A priority Critical patent/EP4265965A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2023/060379 priority patent/WO2023203178A1/fr
Publication of EP4265965A1 publication Critical patent/EP4265965A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control mechanism for a combustion appliance, in particular a gas boiler, and a method for controlling the operation of said combustion appliance. Additionally, the invention relates to a heating system and a use of said control mechanism. The invention also relates to a computer program product executing the method.
  • Combustion appliance such as gas boilers combust combustion gas to heat water for domestic use and/or central heating system facilities in buildings.
  • the boilers can be used to operate in different modes during their functioning.
  • the process steps of each operating mode can vary based on the characteristics of the gas boiler.
  • control units are used to control the operation of the combustion appliances based on setting parameters associated to the gas type used for the combustion. It is noted that the process steps of the operating mode can be adjusted or different control procedures can be taken into account, if a different combustion gas is used for the combustion. For example, some factors can count differently on the boiler's efficiency, if the combustion gas comprises pure hydrogen or pure hydrocarbons.
  • Document DE 102018105185 A1 describes for example a method for detecting fuel gas in a fuel gas operated heater.
  • the document discloses a method for fuel gas specimen detection when starting a fuel gas powered heating device with electronic gas air composite using a gas mass sensor for determining the fuel gas type before the start of the burner.
  • the method according to this prior art document can detect the gas type and adjust some parameters, such as related to the gas flowing, based on the gas type.
  • the method makes it possible to determine the type of fuel gas before the burner is ignited and to limit the fuel gas-air mixture required for the start to a smaller range in order to obtain an optimum combustible gas/air mixture for starting the burner.
  • the hydrogen detection is usually based on absence of ionization signal.
  • the boiler did already try to ignite, which could lead to flashback or explosion in case of wrong burner installed or wrong parameter settings.
  • control mechanism for a combustion appliance, in particular a gas boiler, the combustion appliance having a fuel gas supply line, the control mechanism comprising:
  • the gas detection can be carried out earlier, before the fuel gas is mixed with air, thereby making the mechanism safer compared to the solution actually present in prior art. In this way, it is possible to avoid risky situations during the ignition phase, especially in case it is not known in advance if the fuel gas is natural gas or hydrogen.
  • control unit is configured to control the operation of the combustion appliance based on setting parameters associated to the fuel gas type and to prevent the operation of the combustion appliance based on said setting parameters if the gas type determined to be flowing in the fuel gas supply line is different from the fuel gas type associated to the setting parameters.
  • the controller comprises specific setting parameters associated to the gas type the boiler is combusting, i.e., the fuel gas. In case the setting parameters do not match with the measured fuel gas type by the sensor, the boiler is prevented from being operated using these wrong setting parameters. Eventually, an inspection of a service personnel can be requested. In this way, it is possible to avoid using wrong parameters and consequently attempting an ignition in unsafe conditions.
  • control unit is configured to block the operation of the combustion appliance and/or to modify the setting parameters if the gas type determined to be flowing in the fuel gas supply line is different from the fuel gas type associated to the setting parameters.
  • the setting parameters can be adjusted based on the gas type measured, and the boiler can safely operate further.
  • the physical characteristic of the gas measured by the gas sensor can be advantageously the thermal conductivity.
  • the thermal conductivity of hydrogen is about six times higher compared to that of methane; therefore it can be easily detected by a dedicated sensor. In this way, it is possible to detect the difference between natural gas (can be with 20-30% H2) or propane/butane/LPG with pure hydrogen (or at least more than 80% H2) as fuel gas using a single gas sensor.
  • the gas sensor can be a thermal conductivity detector, TCD, or a microthermal gas sensor.
  • the gas sensor is placeable upstream or downstream a gas valve, the gas valve being placeable in the fuel gas supply line of the combustion appliance.
  • the gas sensor is placeable upstream the gas valve and an additional gas sensor is placeable downstream the gas valve.
  • the additional gas sensor can be placed in the fuel gas supply line of the combustion appliance.
  • the gas valve together with the gas sensor and/or the additional gas sensor can be connected to the control unit in order to immediately regulate the fuel gas flow, e.g. closing the valve, based on the sensor data.
  • the gas sensor can be particularly placed at a gas meter.
  • the gas sensor - is able to distinguish between natural gas, propane/butane and pure hydrogen. Pure hydrogen is present when the fuel gas has more than 95 mol% hydrogen.
  • the gas sensor is configured to detect in the gas supply line at least one of:
  • a heating system with a combustion appliance and an inventive control mechanism is provided.
  • the combustion appliance comprises at least a burner for the combustion of a fuel gas, a gas mixture channel for guiding an air/fuel gas mixture to the burner, and a gas supply line for inserting fuel gas in the gas mixture channel, wherein the gas sensor of the control mechanism is located in the gas supply line.
  • system further comprises: a gas valve located in the gas supply line to regulate the fuel gas flow, wherein the gas sensor is placed upstream or downstream said gas valve.
  • gas sensor is placed upstream said gas valve and an additional gas sensor is present. Said additional gas sensor is placed downstream said gas valve located in the gas supply line to regulate the fuel gas flow.
  • a method for controlling the operation of a combustion appliance in particular a gas boiler, is provided.
  • the method comprises:
  • the method comprises controlling the operation of the combustion appliance based on setting parameters associated to the fuel gas type and preventing the operation of the combustion appliance based on said setting parameters if the gas type determined to be flowing in the fuel gas supply line is different from the fuel gas type associated to the setting parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the method comprises blocking the operation of the combustion appliance and/or modifying the setting parameters if the gas type determined to be flowing in the gas supply line is different from the fuel gas type associated to the setting parameters.
  • the method further comprises generating an alarm message if the gas type determined by the gas sensor is different from the fuel gas type associated to the setting parameters.
  • a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer or by the control unit, cause the computer or the control unit to carry out the inventive method. Furthermore, a data carrier is provided on which the computer program is stored and/or data carrier signal is provided which transmits the computer program.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a heating system 8 comprising a combustion appliance 2 such as gas boiler used for the combustion of fuel gas, for example containing hydrocarbons and/or hydrogen.
  • the fuel gas is mixed with air and is provided to the burner 9 through a gas mixture channel 10, the burner 9 being coupled to a heat exchanger 11 for heating water for domestic use and/or central heating system facilities in buildings.
  • the gas mixture channel 10 receives air from an air supply line 13 and fuel gas from a gas supply line 3.
  • the flow of air - and correspondingly the flow of the air/fuel gas mixture - can be regulated by a fan element 12 located in the air supply line 13.
  • the fan element 12 is located upstream the region where the fuel gas is inserted into the gas mixture channel 10.
  • the heating system 8 comprises furthermore a control mechanism 1 including a control unit 5 and a gas sensor 4.
  • the gas sensor 4 is located in the gas supply line 3 and serves to measure the thermal conductivity of the gas flowing in the gas supply line 3.
  • the data acquired by the gas sensor 4 are analyzed by the control unit 5 in order to determine the gas type flowing in the gas supply line 3 and to compare the characteristics of the fuel gas with the setting parameters used for controlling the combustion appliance 2.
  • the combustion appliance 2 is a gas boiler using methane as fuel gas and the operating parameters are set to provide the optimal combustion for methane.
  • the gas sensor 4 measures a thermal conductivity and the control unit 5 can determine the type of fuel gas actually flowing in the fuel gas supply line 3. For example, the ratio between the thermal conductivity of methane and the thermal conductivity of air at 100 °C is about 1.5. If the control unit, based on the gas sensor's 4 measurements, determines that the ratio is 1.5, no changes in the operation of the combustion appliance 2 are provided. On the other hand, in case the ratio is different (lower or higher), the control unit 5 is configured to prevent the operation of the combustion appliance 2 using the predefined setting parameters. In particular, the setting parameters can be modified and adapted to the gas type flowing in the fuel gas supply line 3, or the operation of the combustion appliance 2 can be blocked (for example interrupting the fuel gas supply) to avoid risky situations. For example, if the above-mentioned ratio is about 1.021 at 100 °C, the control unit 5 would determine that the fuel gas flowing in the gas supply line 3 is not methane but rather propane.
  • the operation of the combustion appliance 2 can be adapted to the combustion of propane and suitable setting parameters can be selected.
  • the control unit 5 would determine that the fuel gas flowing in the fuel gas supply line 3 is not methane but rather hydrogen. Accordingly, the operation can be blocked in order to avoid the ignition in the burner 9.
  • control unit 5 is connected to the fan element 12 to regulate and eventually adapt the air to fuel gas ratio.
  • control unit 5 can be directly connected to an additional gas sensor 7 located in the fuel gas supply line 3 to regulate the fuel gas flow and eventually prevent the supply of the fuel gas in the gas mixture channel 10.
  • the gas sensor 4 can be placed upstream a gas valve 6 located at the region where the fuel gas supply line 3 is connected to the gas mixture channel 10.Downstream the gas valve 6 can be placed the additional gas sensor 7.
  • a gas sensor in particular the gas sensor 4 arranged upstream the gas valve 6 can be provided.
  • a single gas sensor can be sufficient to avoid supplying a wrong fuel gas into the gas mixture channel 10.
  • Wrong fuel gas is intended a fuel gas that is different from the fuel gas type for which the operation parameters of the combustion appliance 2 are set and for which an ignition (or an attempt of ignition) of the burner 9 would cause a risky situation, e.g., an explosion or a strong damage of the components of the combustion appliance 2.
  • Figure 2 shows a flow chart of the method 100 for controlling the operation of a combustion appliance 2 and in particular for operating a gas boiler 2 using the control mechanism 1 as described above.
  • the gas sensor 4 measures the thermal conductivity of the gas flowing in the fuel gas supply line 3. Accordingly, sensor data are acquired.
  • the control unit 5 determines the gas type flowing in the fuel gas supply line 3. Based on the sensor data, the control unit 5 can for example determine the gas type as a consequence of a calculation of the ratio between the thermal conductivity of the fuel gas at a certain temperature and the thermal conductivity of a reference gas, such as air.
  • the control mechanism 1 can be provided with a temperature sensor and/or a pressure sensor and/or a humidity sensor.
  • control unit 5 can control the operation of the combustion appliance 2 (step S103).
  • the control of the operation of the combustion appliance 2 can be carried out by preventing the operation of the combustion appliance based on said setting parameters if the gas type determined to be flowing in the fuel gas supply line is different from the fuel gas type associated to the setting parameters (step S104). In this way, it is possible to avoid an attempt of ignition of the burner 9 using setting parameters or boiler's configuration that are not suitable for the fuel gas type.
  • the operation of the combustion appliance 2 can be blocked if the gas type determined to be flowing in the gas supply line ( ⁇ 3) ⁇ is different from the fuel gas type associated to the setting parameters.
  • the setting parameters can be modified (i.e., adapted to the different fuel gas type) if the gas type determined to be flowing in the gas supply line (3) is different from the fuel gas type associated to the setting parameters. This modification or adaptation of the setting parameters can occur manually or automatically.
  • an alarm message can be generated if the gas type determined by the gas sensor ( ⁇ 4) ⁇ is different from the fuel gas type associated to the setting parameters.
  • the message can be displayed on a screen provided on the combustion appliance 2 or the heating system 8 and/or can be directly sent to a separated device (for example an external computer or a personal mobile device of a user).
  • a separated device for example an external computer or a personal mobile device of a user.
  • a dedicated personnel can be notified that the type of gas flowing in the fuel gas line 3 is different from the gas type associated to the operating setting parameters of the combustion appliance 2 and that a possible risky situation can occur.
  • the gas valve 6 can be promptly actuated (i.e., closed) to prevent the ignition phase of the combustion appliance 2 while waiting the intervention of the personnel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP22169350.0A 2022-04-22 2022-04-22 Mécanisme de commande pour un appareil de combustion Withdrawn EP4265965A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22169350.0A EP4265965A1 (fr) 2022-04-22 2022-04-22 Mécanisme de commande pour un appareil de combustion
PCT/EP2023/060379 WO2023203178A1 (fr) 2022-04-22 2023-04-21 Mécanisme de commande pour un appareil de combustion

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22169350.0A EP4265965A1 (fr) 2022-04-22 2022-04-22 Mécanisme de commande pour un appareil de combustion

Publications (1)

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EP4265965A1 true EP4265965A1 (fr) 2023-10-25

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EP22169350.0A Withdrawn EP4265965A1 (fr) 2022-04-22 2022-04-22 Mécanisme de commande pour un appareil de combustion

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EP (1) EP4265965A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023203178A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991006809A1 (fr) * 1989-10-30 1991-05-16 Honeywell Inc. Commande de combustion a micropont
DE19838361A1 (de) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-04 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Heizeinrichtung
EP2821705A1 (fr) * 2013-07-03 2015-01-07 Karl Dungs GmbH & Co.KG Procédé et dispositif de détermination du pouvoir calorifique d'une mélange des gaz combustibles au moyen d'un senseur d'ionisation
WO2019170309A1 (fr) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Procédé d'identification de types de gaz combustibles lors du processus de démarrage d'un appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible et appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible
WO2019185181A1 (fr) * 2018-10-05 2019-10-03 Sensirion Ag Dispositif de régulation d'un taux de mélange d'un mélange gazeux
WO2020120699A1 (fr) * 2018-12-12 2020-06-18 Bulane Optimisation énergétique et environnementale d'une installation comprenant au moins un appareil à combustion à brûleur

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991006809A1 (fr) * 1989-10-30 1991-05-16 Honeywell Inc. Commande de combustion a micropont
DE19838361A1 (de) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-04 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Heizeinrichtung
EP2821705A1 (fr) * 2013-07-03 2015-01-07 Karl Dungs GmbH & Co.KG Procédé et dispositif de détermination du pouvoir calorifique d'une mélange des gaz combustibles au moyen d'un senseur d'ionisation
WO2019170309A1 (fr) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Procédé d'identification de types de gaz combustibles lors du processus de démarrage d'un appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible et appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible
DE102018105185A1 (de) 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Brenngasartenerkennung bei einem brenngasbetriebenen Heizgerät
WO2019185181A1 (fr) * 2018-10-05 2019-10-03 Sensirion Ag Dispositif de régulation d'un taux de mélange d'un mélange gazeux
WO2020120699A1 (fr) * 2018-12-12 2020-06-18 Bulane Optimisation énergétique et environnementale d'une installation comprenant au moins un appareil à combustion à brûleur

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