EP4390225A1 - Appareil de combustion à gaz et procédé de démarrage d'un appareil de combustion à gaz - Google Patents

Appareil de combustion à gaz et procédé de démarrage d'un appareil de combustion à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4390225A1
EP4390225A1 EP22215286.0A EP22215286A EP4390225A1 EP 4390225 A1 EP4390225 A1 EP 4390225A1 EP 22215286 A EP22215286 A EP 22215286A EP 4390225 A1 EP4390225 A1 EP 4390225A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
hydrogen
predetermined
flame
ignition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22215286.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Job Rutgers
Mehmet Kapucu
Chiel TER BRAAK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BDR Thermea Group BV
Original Assignee
BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BDR Thermea Group BV filed Critical BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority to EP22215286.0A priority Critical patent/EP4390225A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2023/084823 priority patent/WO2024132576A1/fr
Publication of EP4390225A1 publication Critical patent/EP4390225A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
    • F23N5/203—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for starting up a gas burning appliance.
  • the invention relates to a gas burning appliance, the use of such as gas burning appliance and a computer program product.
  • Gas burning appliances are commonplace for heating purposes and for providing hot domestic / tap water. Such appliances typically have a burning chamber, in which a combustible gas is introduced. At start-up, a spark electrode is activated to create ignition and a stable flame.
  • Delayed ignition is a known problem and occurs when ignition doesn't take place immediately, while combustible gas continues to flow into the burning chamber causing a build-up of combustible gas.
  • a delayed ignition i.e. ignition of the accumulated combustible mixture, may cause an explosion with associated damage and noise. Delayed ignition may have different reasons, such as a malfunctioning spark electrode, insufficient flow of combustible gas or a nonoptimal ratio of air to combustible gas.
  • Delayed ignition is in particular a problem when the combustible gas comprises a high amount of hydrogen, as an explosion caused by a delayed ignition of a combustible airhydrogen mixture may not only damage internal components of the appliance, but these components may even be ejected from the boiler case of the appliance. Moreover, the high sound levels that such an explosion produces, could potentially lead to hearing damage of people who are in the vicinity of such an appliance.
  • a controller may be provided that, at start up, activates the spark electrode for ignition and opens the gas valve to allow the fuel gas, in particular hydrogen, to flow into the burning chamber for a pre-set ignition safety time.
  • the gas valve remains open if ignition and a stable flame is achieved during the pre-set ignition safety time. If not, the gas valve is closed, to prevent build-up of gas in the burning chamber.
  • EP4015904A1 discloses a method and device for protecting a heater during the ignition of a mixture of air and hydrogen-containing fuel gas.
  • a method and corresponding device for igniting a combustion process in a combustion chamber of a heating device is provided, which is operated with hydrogen or a fuel gas containing hydrogen, and a flame monitor for detecting a flame with a response time after the beginning of the supply of an ignitable mixture of air and fuel gas to the combustion chamber.
  • An ignition process is triggered for a maximum of the duration of a predeterminable ignition time interval, which is shorter than a safety time interval, after the end of which the supply of an ignitable mixture is terminated if no flame has been detected up to this point. According to this document this increases safety when starting a heating device operated with hydrogen or a fuel gas containing hydrogen and enables particularly gentle and safe ignition processes.
  • EP3971475A describes an alternative manner of dealing with delayed ignition, i.e. by describing an air-gas mixture burning appliance that comprises a burning unit for burning a combustible air-gas mixture, a flame detector for sensing presence of a flame in the burning unit, an air-gas mixing unit that is arranged upstream of the burning unit for mixing of air and fuel gas to form the combustible air-gas mixture, and a gas supply unit that is arranged upstream of the air-gas mixing unit, wherein the gas supply unit is adapted to regulating a flow of fuel gas to the air-gas mixing unit such that the combustible air-gas mixture has a variable equivalence ratio between fuel gas and air that is based on whether the flame detector senses the presence of the flame in the burning unit or fails to sense the presence of a flame in the burning unit.
  • WO2021078949 relates to a surface stabilized fully premixed gas premix burner for burning hydrogen gas, and method for starting such burner.
  • a method is provided for starting a burner wherein a premixed gas comprising a combustible gas and air is supplied, wherein the combustible gas comprises at least 50% by volume of hydrogen.
  • the method comprises the following steps: during a start-up phase: supplying premixed gas having a first lambda-value to the burner surface, wherein the first lambda-value is at least 1.85, and igniting the supplied premixed gas having the first lambda-value using an ignition source.
  • the lambda-value is defined as a ratio between an actually supplied quantity of air and the quantity of air required for stoichiometric combustion of the premixed gas
  • the object of the invention is to provide a gas burning appliance and a method of operating such a gas burning appliance that reduces the risk of delayed ignition, by reducing the chance of delayed ignition occurring and/or by reducing the consequences of an unwanted delayed ignition.
  • the object is solved by a method for starting up a gas burning appliance, the gas burning appliance comprising a burning chamber, a gas supply for supplying combustible gas to the burning chamber, a flame detector for detecting the presence of a flame in the burning chamber and an ignitor for igniting the combustible gas in the burning chamber, wherein the method comprises an ignition sequence comprising:
  • a gas burning appliance is provided that can deal with different combustible gas compositions.
  • combustible gas a mixture of air and fuel gas is understood.
  • the fuel gas can be hydrogen or comprise hydrogen.
  • the combustible gas is the gas that is supplied to the burner and burnt in the combustion chamber.
  • the safety time is the time that elapses between the order to open and the order to close the combustible gas supply, in particular the hydrogen supply, to the burner in the event of ignition not taking place.
  • the ignition time is the total time in which the ignitor is active and the gas valve, in particular the hydrogen valve, is open. During this phase the gas burner appliance can ignite.
  • the predetermined safety time is less than 3,0 seconds, less than 2,5 seconds, less than 2,0 seconds, less than 1,5 seconds, less than 1,0 second or less than 0,5 second.
  • the predetermined safety time can be effectively reduced by using pre-set hydrogen specific safety times, preferably less than 3,0 seconds.
  • the opening time of the gas supply valve is reduced therefore the volume containing (potentially explosive) H 2 mixture is reduced as well. Therefore, the impact in case delayed ignition takes place is reduced as less hydrogen or hydrogen comprising gas has built up in the burning chamber.
  • Hydrogen has a higher flammable range, higher flame speed and requires lower ignition energies compared to natural gas. Therefore, relatively short ignition safety times can be used for ignition.
  • the ignition sequence may be repeated repeatedly, until a flame is detected before the end of the predetermined safety time or until a predetermined maximum number of ignition sequences have been tried. In between ignition sequences, certain actions can be executed, such as purging of the burning chamber.
  • the combustible gas supply is left open and the gas burning appliance can go into a continuous operation mode.
  • the end of the predetermined ignition time is before the end of the predetermined safety time. This may be because the predetermined ignition time is shorter than the predetermined safety time and/or the activation of the igniter commences as a predetermined pre-ignition time interval before opening the gas supply, as explained in more detail below.
  • the flame detection and the ignition can overlap.
  • the flame can be detection during the ignition phase. This possible in gas burning appliances which have an ionization pin and an ignition pin.
  • the pre-ignition time interval is the time interval in which the ignitor is activated and the gas valve, in particular the hydrogen valve, is closed.
  • the pre-ignition time interval ends when the gas valve, in particular hydrogen valve, is opened.
  • the predetermined ignition time can consist of the pre-ignition time interval and a remaining part of the predetermined ignition time in which the gas valve is open.
  • activation of the igniter and opening of the gas supply can be initiated at the same moment.
  • the activation of the igniter commences at a predetermined pre-ignition time interval before opening the gas supply.
  • the predetermined pre-ignition time interval may be at least 1,0 second, or at least 1,5 seconds, or at least 2,0 seconds, or at least 2,5 seconds, or at least 3,0 seconds.
  • the method may comprise switching to an alarm state if a flame is detected during the predetermined pre-ignition time interval.
  • the alarm state may involve closing or not opening the gas supply and/or aborting the ignition.
  • the predetermined pre-ignition time interval may be shorter than the predetermined ignition time.
  • the pre-ignition time interval plus the safety time may be smaller than or equal to the ignition time.
  • the predetermined safety time may be less than 3,0 seconds.
  • the combustible gas comprises more than 40 mol% of hydrogen, more than 80 mol% of hydrogen, more than 90 mol% of hydrogen or more than 98 mol% of hydrogen.
  • the safety time can be selected and set to better match the characteristics of the combustible gas.
  • the pre-ignition time interval can be set based on the amount of hydrogen.
  • the predetermined default can be stored in an electric memory of the gas burning appliance. Alternatively or additionally, the predetermined default can be gathered from a network server.
  • the predetermined default can comprise information about the gas composition or specification. In particular, the predetermined default can comprise information about at least one country parameter and/or gas type and/or gas category. The predetermined default can be used for setting the safety time.
  • the controller of the gas burning application may be made such that it sets the ignition safety time, and optionally the pre-ignition time interval, based on the amount of hydrogen selected or detected.
  • a higher amount of hydrogen results in a short safety time. That means, the safety time can be shorter the larger the amount of hydrogen is.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the predetermined hydrogen threshold may be 20 mol% or more than 20 mol %.
  • the first safety time is smaller than the second safety time.
  • a gas composition detector may be provided by any suitable gas composition detector such as a thermal conductivity sensor configured to measure the thermal conductivity of the combustible gas or a sensor measuring the speed of sound in the combustible gas. Based on the obtained measurements, the composition of the combustible gas can be deduced.
  • a hydrogen detector may be provided by an ionisation probe, in particular when there is a high concentration of hydrogen, e.g. more than 98 mol%.
  • the predetermined safety time and optionally the predetermined pre-ignition time interval can be set.
  • Measurements may be taken constantly or at regular time intervals and adjustments to the safety time and optionally pre-ignition time interval can be made when required.
  • User input may be received upon installation of the gas burning appliance, for instance by a certified installer. Based on the type of combustible gas that is available at the location site, the installer may provide user input to the gas burning appliance reflecting the composition of the combustible gas or at least reflecting the hydrogen content of the combustible gas.
  • a message may be received from a remote computer, for instance from the gas supplier with information on the composition of the combustible gas or at least the hydrogen content.
  • a remote computer may also be a gas meter.
  • the combustible gas supplied to the burning chamber during the predetermined safety time has a first lambda-value
  • the method further comprises when a flame has been detected by the flame detector before the end of the predetermined safety time, the gas supply is kept open and the gas burning appliance continues to operate in a continuous operation mode, wherein the continuous operation mode comprises supplying combustible gas to the burning chamber having a second lambda-value, the first lambda-value being larger than the second lambda-value.
  • the lambda-value is defined as a ratio between a quantity of air and a quantity of fuel in the combustible gas.
  • the first lambda-value may be at least 1.85.
  • the first lambda-value may be larger than 2, in particular between 2-6, preferably larger than 3, in particular between 3-5, more preferably larger than 4, in particular between 4-5.
  • the second lambda-value is between 1-2, preferably between 1.05-1.5, more preferably between 1.05-1.3.
  • the first lambda-value is at least 1.5 times as large as the second lambda-value, preferably at least 2 times as large, in particular at least 3 times as large.
  • the load in the starting up phase can be lower than the load in an operation phase of gas burning appliance. In the operation phase a flame is present. This embodiment even further reduces the risk as starting with a lower load means introducing less fuel into the burning chamber.
  • a gas burning appliance comprising a burning chamber, a gas supply for supplying combustible gas to the burning chamber, a flame detector for detecting the presence of a flame in the burning chamber and an ignitor for igniting the combustible gas in the burning chamber, wherein the gas burning appliance comprises a controller configured to carry out the method according to the above.
  • the gas burning appliance may comprise input/out means to activate the igniter, open and close the combustible gas supply, receive information from the flame detector.
  • the gas burning appliance may further comprise input/output means to send instructions and/or receive measurements from a gas composition detector or hydrogen detector, user input and/or a remote computer.
  • an advantageous embodiment is a computer program product comprising instructions cause such a gas burning appliance to execute the steps of the method according to the above. Furthermore, a data carrier is provided on which the computer program is stored and/or data carrier signal is provided which transmits the computer program.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a gas burning appliance 1.
  • the gas burning appliance comprises a burning chamber 2 with a burner 8.
  • a combustible gas supply 3 is provided to supply combustible gas to the burner 8.
  • a gas supply control valve 4 is provided in the gas supply 3 .
  • the gas flows in a pipe of the gas supply 3.
  • the gas supply 3 can comprise a non-shown mixer for mixing the fuel gas, in particular hydrogen, with air.
  • a flame detector 5 is provided for detecting the presence of a flame in the burning chamber 2.
  • the flame detector 5 can be any suitable flame detector, such as an optical flame detector, a temperature sensor, a thermocouple, a catalytic sensor or an O2/lambda sensor.
  • an ignitor 6 is provided for igniting the combustible gas in the burning chamber to create a flame.
  • the ignitor 6 may be a spark electrode, arranged to generate sparks to ignite the combustible gas.
  • the gas burning appliance may comprise additional elements which are omitted in Fig. 1 .
  • the gas burning appliance may further comprise a heat exchanger to allow water to be heated by the heat generated in the burning chamber 2.
  • the controller 10 may be a dedicated piece of hardware or a computer which can be programmed.
  • the controller 10 may control the igniter 6 to be active in order to ignite the combustible gas arranged in the combustion chamber.
  • the controller 10 may also be arranged to switch the igniter 6 on and off when needed.
  • the controller may be arranged to receive input from the flame detector 5 indicating the presence or absence of a flame.
  • the controller 10 may control the combustible gas supply 3 to supply combustible gas to the burning chamber 2.
  • the controller 10 may be arranged to control the flow rate of the combustible gas flowing into the burning chamber 2.
  • the flow rate may be expressed as m 3 /s or kg/s.
  • the controller 10 is arranged to perform an ignition sequence comprising:
  • Opening and closing of the gas supply 3 may be done by controlling the gas supply valve 4.
  • the predetermined safety time depends on the composition of the combustible gas.
  • the ignition sequence is explained in more detail below with reference to Fig. 2 . It will be understood that the controller 10 may perform other functions not described here to control the gas burning appliance 1.
  • an ignition sequence is depicted.
  • the igniter 6 is activated and the combustible gas supply 3, in particular the valve 4, is opened, schematically depicted in the two top rows in Fig. 2 .
  • the gas supply 3 is opened for a predetermined safety time indicated by the double arrow S in Fig. 2 .
  • the ignitor 6 is activated during a predetermined ignition time equal to the safety time.
  • the flame detector 5 detects the presence or absence of a flame.
  • the third line in Fig. 2 shows the actual presence of a flame in the burning chamber 2, while the fourth line shows the detection of a flame by the flame detector 5.
  • the gas supply 3 is closed.
  • the ignitor 6 may be de-activated.
  • the gas chamber may be purged to remove combustible gas from the gas chamber 2, before a new ignition sequence is initiated.
  • Purging means the forced introduction of air through the combustion chamber and flue passages in order to displace any remaining fuel/air mixture and/or products of combustion.
  • Inter-purge is done between ignition sequences or attempts.
  • Pre-purge is a purge which takes place between a start signal and energization or activation of the igniter.
  • Ignition sequences may be initiated repeatedly, until the presence of a flame is detected by the flame detector 5 before the end of the predetermined safety time.
  • the right-hand side of Fig. 2 shows a second ignition sequence. As shown, in this case a flame is present and detected and the gas supply 3 remains open. Still, the ignitor 6 is deactivated at the end of the predetermined ignition time.
  • the controller 10 may set the predetermined safety time based on information obtained regarding the composition of the combustible gas, in particular the amount of hydrogen present in the combustible gas. According to an embodiment, this indication may be obtained in different ways.
  • the indication is obtained by means of a gas composition detector 7.
  • the gas composition detector 7 is arranged to obtain an indication of the composition of the fuel gas, in particular the amount of hydrogen, present in the combustible gas flowing through the gas supply 3 and provide such to the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 is arranged to set the safety time based on the received information. Generally, a higher hydrogen content results in a shorter safety time interval.
  • the combustible gas can comprise more than 20 mol% hydrogen.
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative ignition sequence in which the combustible gas comprises more than 20 mol% hydrogen and the activation of the igniter 6 commences at a predetermined pre-ignition time interval before opening the gas supply.
  • the pre-ignition time interval is indicated in Fig. 3 with the double arrow P.
  • the predetermined pre-ignition time interval is at least 1,5 second.
  • the ignition time consists of the pre-ignition time interval and a remaining part of the predetermined ignition time in which the gas valve is open.
  • the end of the predetermined ignition time is before the end of the predetermined safety time.
  • Fig. 3 shows a failed ignition sequence
  • the right-hand side shows a successful ignition sequence

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP22215286.0A 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Appareil de combustion à gaz et procédé de démarrage d'un appareil de combustion à gaz Pending EP4390225A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22215286.0A EP4390225A1 (fr) 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Appareil de combustion à gaz et procédé de démarrage d'un appareil de combustion à gaz
PCT/EP2023/084823 WO2024132576A1 (fr) 2022-12-21 2023-12-08 Appareil de combustion de gaz et procédé de démarrage d'un appareil de combustion de gaz

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22215286.0A EP4390225A1 (fr) 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Appareil de combustion à gaz et procédé de démarrage d'un appareil de combustion à gaz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4390225A1 true EP4390225A1 (fr) 2024-06-26

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EP22215286.0A Pending EP4390225A1 (fr) 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Appareil de combustion à gaz et procédé de démarrage d'un appareil de combustion à gaz

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EP (1) EP4390225A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024132576A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4299556A (en) * 1978-09-06 1981-11-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Timer circuit arrangement in digital combustion control system
DE19744008A1 (de) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-02 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum Starten eines Gasbrenners
JP2016006356A (ja) * 2014-06-20 2016-01-14 三浦工業株式会社 ボイラ
WO2020174353A1 (fr) * 2019-02-26 2020-09-03 Orefici Luca Brûleur mécatronique de plaque de cuisinière, plaque de cuisinière dotée dudit brûleur, et procédé de mise en œuvre de la plaque de cuisinière
WO2021078949A1 (fr) 2019-10-25 2021-04-29 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Brûleur à prémélange gazeux entièrement prémélangé stabilisé en surface pour brûler de l'hydrogène gazeux, et procédé de démarrage d'un tel brûleur
EP3971475A2 (fr) 2020-09-22 2022-03-23 Bosch Thermotechnology Ltd (UK) Appareil de combustion d'un mélange air-gaz comportant une séquence d'allumage à rapport d'équivalence variable
EP4015904A1 (fr) 2020-12-17 2022-06-22 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de protection d'un appareil de chauffage lors de l'allumage d'un mélange d'air et de gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4299556A (en) * 1978-09-06 1981-11-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Timer circuit arrangement in digital combustion control system
DE19744008A1 (de) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-02 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum Starten eines Gasbrenners
JP2016006356A (ja) * 2014-06-20 2016-01-14 三浦工業株式会社 ボイラ
WO2020174353A1 (fr) * 2019-02-26 2020-09-03 Orefici Luca Brûleur mécatronique de plaque de cuisinière, plaque de cuisinière dotée dudit brûleur, et procédé de mise en œuvre de la plaque de cuisinière
WO2021078949A1 (fr) 2019-10-25 2021-04-29 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Brûleur à prémélange gazeux entièrement prémélangé stabilisé en surface pour brûler de l'hydrogène gazeux, et procédé de démarrage d'un tel brûleur
EP3971475A2 (fr) 2020-09-22 2022-03-23 Bosch Thermotechnology Ltd (UK) Appareil de combustion d'un mélange air-gaz comportant une séquence d'allumage à rapport d'équivalence variable
EP4015904A1 (fr) 2020-12-17 2022-06-22 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de protection d'un appareil de chauffage lors de l'allumage d'un mélange d'air et de gaz combustible contenant de l'hydrogène

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