EP4264022A1 - Gepanzertes tellerventil und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents
Gepanzertes tellerventil und verfahren zu seiner herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4264022A1 EP4264022A1 EP22707114.9A EP22707114A EP4264022A1 EP 4264022 A1 EP4264022 A1 EP 4264022A1 EP 22707114 A EP22707114 A EP 22707114A EP 4264022 A1 EP4264022 A1 EP 4264022A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- armored
- finished product
- producing
- cup
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001235 nimonic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 102220479333 Pantetheinase_M80A_mutation Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000848 Damascus steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
- F01L2303/01—Tools for producing, mounting or adjusting, e.g. some part of the distribution
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new method of making an armored poppet valve, and a poppet valve made by the method.
- the hardfacing of a valve seat, or that part of a poppet valve that contacts the valve seat in a cylinder head, is the most heavily stressed part of a valve.
- the sealing surface has to absorb both the kinetic forces when opening and closing every 2nd stroke and also conduct the force generated by the pressure during the combustion process into the cylinder head. Depending on the number of revolutions and the selected combustion pressures, considerable forces occur in the area of the valve seat.
- a method for producing a plate valve armored at least in the area of a valve seat includes providing an essentially cylindrical semi-finished product made of valve steel, with part of the essentially cylindrical semi-finished product then being coated with an armored material and finally the coated semi-finished product being formed into an armored poppet valve.
- the essentially cylindrical semi-finished product is just a steel pin or round piece made of valve steel.
- part of the semi-finished product is coated with an armored material and formed into an armored poppet valve.
- the art of this process lies in applying the coating to a piece of round steel without first processing it, in such a way that after all subsequent ones
- the coating comes to lie where it is later desired, that is, on the valve seat or on the entire valve head. It is particularly important here to choose the thickness and the position or the distribution of the coating in such a way that in the subsequent forming steps the coating migrates there or remains at the location where a valve head or a valve seat will later be formed.
- the semi-finished product can also essentially have the shape of a flat cylinder, ie a disk.
- a method for producing a plate valve armored at least in the area of a valve seat includes providing an essentially cup-shaped semi-finished product made of valve steel, with part of the essentially cup-shaped semi-finished product then being coated with an armored material and finally the coated semi-finished product being formed into an armored poppet valve.
- the starting point is a semi-finished product that has only been slightly machined, which in a previous step is formed from a piece of round steel by pressing or extrusion into an essentially cup-shaped semi-finished product made of valve steel.
- part of the semi-finished product is coated with an armor material and then formed into an armored poppet valve.
- the inventive contribution consists in applying the coating to a cup-shaped piece of steel without prior targeted machining of the latter in such a way that after all subsequent forming steps the coating comes to rest where it is later desired, i.e. on the valve seat or on the entire valve head. It is preferred here to select the thickness and the position or the distribution of the coating in such a way that, in the subsequent forming steps, the coating migrates or remains to where a valve head or a valve seat will later be formed.
- the present invention may require several attempts until it is clear at what point and in what width and with what thickness the coating must be applied in order to obtain an ideal result. A few passes should be necessary, since the position of the armor material is more or less linear.
- the essentially cylindrical or essentially cup-shaped semi-finished product is coated in a ring shape.
- the coating essentially forms a circular ring that can be attached to an end face. It is also possible to apply the circular ring to a lateral surface.
- the coating should be applied essentially rotationally symmetrically to a rotational axis of symmetry of the essentially cylindrical or cup-shaped semi-finished product. It is also possible to apply the coating both to an end face and to a lateral surface, in which case the coating is arranged around an edge between the end face and the lateral surface.
- the essentially cylindrical or cup-shaped semi-finished product is coated on an end face in the form of a circle or annulus.
- This design is used for coating a disk-shaped blank from which a hollow valve can be formed by pressing, deep-drawing or reverse extrusion.
- An armored valve seat can be produced with the circular ring and a fully armored valve disk can be produced with the circle or the circular area.
- the essentially cylindrical or cup-shaped semi-finished product is coated in the form of a cup.
- an end face is completely coated and an adjoining part of a lateral surface is also coated.
- the coating only extends over a small part of the length of the semi-finished product. This type of coating is also used to produce valves with a fully coated valve head.
- the cup-shaped, coated, cylindrical or cup-shaped semi-finished product is formed in such a way that, in the finished valve, the coating armors a valve disk surface and a valve seat of the disk valve.
- the coating should be selected such that it covers at least that part of the poppet valve which faces the combustion chamber and the valve seat, even after the forming.
- the cup-shaped coated, Cylindrical or cup-shaped semi-finished product is formed in such a way that a valve head including a valve plate surface and a valve seat are armored.
- the plating also extends over the back of the valve or the transition from the valve to the valve stem. This design makes it easy to produce a valve that is also hard-faced on the rear side of the valve disk.
- the essentially cylindrical or cup-shaped semi-finished product is produced by build-up welding, friction welding, thermal spraying, powder metallurgy material application, selective laser melting, d. H. coated with a laser application process, metal powder application and/or plasma powder build-up welding.
- the present method can be selected to manufacture the valve of various kinds of valve steels.
- Austenitic valve steels can be used, with steel grades 1.4882 and 21871 being preferred. It is also possible to use martensitic valve steels to manufacture the valve body, with steel grade 1.4718 being preferred.
- a nickel-based alloy, such as Nimonic® 80A, can also be used as the material for the valve body. These materials are suitable as the starting material for the semi-finished product or the cup-shaped semi-finished product.
- valve steel can be selected from the group consisting of:
- the armor material as a chrome or nickel base powder can be selected. It is also envisaged, for example, preferably to select T400 or, more preferably, Stellite® 6 as armor material.
- the armor material can be selected from the group consisting of:
- Ni90 is an alloy composed of 90% nickel and 10% chromium by weight. All specified materials can also contain unavoidable impurities.
- the armor material is selected from the group consisting of:
- the essentially cylindrical semi-finished product coated with the armor material is unshaped into an essentially cup-shaped preform.
- This transformation can be carried out by extrusion, reverse extrusion, die forging or deep drawing.
- a dome is driven into the cylinder with a corresponding die, or the cylindrical semi-finished product is shaped in a different way so that it is suitable as a hollow part for forming a hollow valve.
- the forming of the essentially cylindrical semi-finished product coated with the armor material or the cup-shaped preform into a poppet valve comprises forging, drop forging, upsetting, industrious pressing, drawing, tapering and rolling, preferably flow-forming or preferably cross-rolling and/or cold stamping.
- an upsetting process of an axisymmetric forging in several forming steps in a die is preferred.
- a furnace for example an induction furnace.
- a cavity can also be produced in the valve by forming through drop forging, upsetting, extrusion, drawing and bending as well as flow-forming will.
- this further includes creating a cavity in at least the valve stem and/or in the valve head by drilling, milling, turning, spark erosion and/or electrochemical removal.
- a valve is hollowed out or a cavity in the valve is further machined to enlarge or smooth it.
- this further comprises filling the cavity in the valve with sodium, followed by sealing the cavity. This can be done by rolling a shank end together or by closing the shank end, for example by friction welding.
- the filling of the sodium is preferably carried out under a protective atmosphere and the sealing of the cavity is preferably carried out under a negative pressure or vacuum.
- FIGS. 1A to IC show a first embodiment of a method for producing a valve with an armored valve seat.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D show a further method for producing a hollow valve with an armored valve seat.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C show a further method for producing a valve with an armored valve head.
- FIGS. 4A to 4D show a further method for producing a valve which is hard-faced on the valve head and later hollowed out.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D show a further method for producing a valve with an armored valve head.
- FIG. 1A shows an essentially cylindrical semi-finished product 2 made of valve steel 6, which is provided on a lateral surface of the semi-finished product 2 with an annular coating 20 made of an armored material.
- the armor material can be applied to the lateral surface using various application methods.
- a major advantage is that the semi-finished product does not have to be processed beforehand, for example to make a groove or the like in the blank. It may be advantageous to clean or prepare the surface prior to coating to achieve good adhesion between the armor material and the valve steel.
- the blank is formed into a preform by upsetting the head and/or by tapering the shaft.
- the armor material 20 still forms a circular ring on an outer surface of a part from which the valve head is later formed.
- the armouring material 20 applied in a raised manner in FIG. 1 was leveled during upsetting and pressed into the valve steel preform.
- the armor material 8 is forge-welded to the valve steel 6, as a result of which a firm connection between the valve steel 6 and the armor material 8 is achieved.
- FIG. 1C shows a fully formed valve (only one end of the valve stem is not shown).
- the finished valve can be formed from the preform of FIG. 1B by multi-stage forming in several upsetting dies.
- the valve is designed as a solid valve.
- the position and shape of the armor on the valve seat 42 can be influenced. However, this can be achieved using various simulation methods and few tests.
- a blank or a semi-finished product could be made from a layered material such as Damascus steel, which, in combination with a multi-colored coating material, provides information on how a steel behaves during drop forging and where and how the armor material is applied to the blank when a single valve is manufactured should be applied.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D show a method similar to that in FIGS. 1A to 1C, with the difference that an essentially cup-shaped semi-finished product 4 is used. Furthermore, the armor material 8 is applied to the top of an end face 16 of the essentially cup-shaped semi-finished product 4 and forms an annular coating of the end face there. In a first step, the essentially cup-shaped semi-finished product 4 is drawn or deep-drawn.
- FIG. 2B shows the result of the deep-drawing of the component from FIG. Deep drawing has moved the front face coating to a lateral face and the cup-shaped character of the part is now clearly visible.
- this component is compressed and/or tapered on a later shaft, as shown in FIG. 2C. This can be achieved by upsetting and cross rolling or tapering.
- the cavity of the essentially cup-shaped semi-finished product can now be divided into a part that can be assigned to a valve head 36 and a part that can be assigned to a valve stem 34 .
- the finished hollow valve can be seen in FIG. Here it may be necessary to fill the valve during forging with a material that can later be melted out to prevent the cavity from simply being compressed during forging.
- the valve can now be filled with sodium and closed at one end of the valve stem.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C show a further method for producing a valve with an armored valve head.
- FIG. 3A shows a substantially cylindrical semi-finished product 2 made from a valve steel 6.
- the semi-finished product 2 is coated with an armor material 8 at an upper end.
- the coating is essentially cup-shaped 26 and extends over the entire end face and part of the lateral surface of the semi-finished product 2.
- This illustration shows that the coating in particular does not have to have a uniform thickness everywhere.
- the local thickness of the coating can be varied to achieve a desired armor material thickness on the finished valve.
- Any coating method can be selected here.
- a glowing semi-finished product can be dipped into a metal powder with a binder in order to melt particles of an armored material or the binder and connect them to the semi-finished product.
- Figures 4A to 4D show a method which is largely identical to that of Figures 3A to 3C.
- the coating in FIG. 4A has a largely uniform thickness.
- the outer form of the coating is essentially a combination of an even coating of the end face and an even coating of part of the lateral surface of the cylindrical semi-finished product 2.
- FIGS. 4B and 4C correspond to FIGS. 3B and 3C, respectively.
- Figure 4D shows the valve of Figure 4C with an additional step of hollowing out the stem by drilling or turning. A cavity 36 was then created in the valve head by electrochemical machining. The valve can now be filled with sodium as a coolant and then closed.
- Figures 5A to 5D show a method which is largely identical to that of Figures 4A to 4D.
- the coating in FIG. 5A has a largely uniform thickness.
- the coating extends much further along the lateral surface of the semi-finished product 2 made of valve steel 6.
- the outer form of the coating is essentially a combination of an even coating on the end face and a uniform coating on part of the lateral surface of the cylindrical semi-finished product 2 , with the coating extending much further in the axial direction.
- Figures 5B and 5C correspond to Figures 4B and 4C, respectively, with the coating also extending much further in the axial direction.
- the coating extends not only in the area of the valve seat but over the entire valve head to the valve stem.
- the valve of Figure 5C is shown with an additional step of hollowing out the stem by drilling or turning. A cavity 36 was then produced in the valve head, for example by electrochemical removal.
- the valve can also be filled with sodium as a coolant and then closed.
- FIGS. 6A to 6D show a further method for producing a valve with an armored valve head.
- the starting point here is a cylindrical semi-finished product 2 which essentially forms a disk.
- a substantially disc-shaped coating is also applied to the disc.
- FIG. 6B shows a hollow body which was formed from the disc or blank from FIG. 6A by deep-drawing. Like the disk, the disk or circular coating became essentially a cup-shaped coating 26 formed from armor material.
- the further steps shown in FIGS. 6C and 6D correspond to the object shown in FIGS. 2C and 2D with the difference that here the entire valve head and in particular the valve disk surface is coated.
- the cavity of the valve of Figure 6D has now been filled with sodium and the cavity can then be sealed at a valve stem end.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102021106647.6A DE102021106647A1 (de) | 2021-03-18 | 2021-03-18 | Gepanzertes Tellerventil und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
PCT/EP2022/054310 WO2022194495A1 (de) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-02-22 | Gepanzertes tellerventil und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4264022A1 true EP4264022A1 (de) | 2023-10-25 |
EP4264022B1 EP4264022B1 (de) | 2024-06-05 |
Family
ID=80623421
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22707114.9A Active EP4264022B1 (de) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-02-22 | Gepanzertes tellerventil und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240159173A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4264022B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021106647A1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL4264022T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022194495A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE917162C (de) | 1951-04-05 | 1954-08-26 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen von gepanzerten Ventilen und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Ventile |
US3319321A (en) * | 1964-01-10 | 1967-05-16 | Eaton Mfg Co | Method of making engine valve |
DE3205183A1 (de) * | 1982-02-13 | 1983-08-25 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh, 7080 Aalen | Verfahren zur herstellung eines tellerventils |
DD239961A1 (de) * | 1985-08-09 | 1986-10-15 | Schwermasch Liebknecht Veb K | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochbeanspruchbaren hubventilen fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
DE4443772C2 (de) | 1994-02-18 | 2000-06-29 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Motorventil mit verbesserter Hochtemperatur-Verschleißfestigkeit |
JP2009185655A (ja) * | 2008-02-05 | 2009-08-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | 吸排気バルブの製造方法 |
DE102008018875A1 (de) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-15 | Märkisches Werk GmbH | Auslassventil an einem Hubkolbenmotor |
DE102008037747A1 (de) | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-18 | Märkisches Werk GmbH | Bimetallventil |
DE102011056480A1 (de) | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines umgeformten metallischen Werkstücks mit Panzerung |
DE102016122514B4 (de) * | 2016-11-22 | 2019-06-27 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Feuerverschweißtes innengekühltes Ventil sowie dadurch hergestelltes Ventil |
DE102019106222A1 (de) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-17 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlventils für Verbrennungsmotoren |
-
2021
- 2021-03-18 DE DE102021106647.6A patent/DE102021106647A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-02-22 PL PL22707114.9T patent/PL4264022T3/pl unknown
- 2022-02-22 US US18/551,102 patent/US20240159173A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-22 WO PCT/EP2022/054310 patent/WO2022194495A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-02-22 EP EP22707114.9A patent/EP4264022B1/de active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102021106647A1 (de) | 2022-09-22 |
EP4264022B1 (de) | 2024-06-05 |
US20240159173A1 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
WO2022194495A1 (de) | 2022-09-22 |
PL4264022T3 (pl) | 2024-08-12 |
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