EP4260107A1 - Fibre optique a base de silice resistante aux radiations - Google Patents
Fibre optique a base de silice resistante aux radiationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4260107A1 EP4260107A1 EP21815185.0A EP21815185A EP4260107A1 EP 4260107 A1 EP4260107 A1 EP 4260107A1 EP 21815185 A EP21815185 A EP 21815185A EP 4260107 A1 EP4260107 A1 EP 4260107A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- coating
- sheath
- fiber
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02323—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. photonic band gap guiding
- G02B6/02328—Hollow or gas filled core
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
Definitions
- the invention lies in the field of silica-based optical fibers, and more specifically silica-based optical fibers intended for use in a radiative environment such as in a space environment or in a nuclear environment.
- the invention may relate to undoped, radiation-resistant optical fibers for the transmission of optical signals.
- the invention may also relate to doped optical fibers which are resistant to radiation, in particular for amplifier, amplified spontaneous emission source or fiber laser applications.
- the invention relates to a silica-based optical fiber.
- silica-based optical fiber means an optical fiber which may also comprise elements other than silicon (germanium, phosphorus, aluminium, boron , fluorine, etc. and/or nitrogen and which can be doped or undoped.
- optical fibers There are two major classes of optical fibers, the so-called “passive” undoped fibers and the so-called “active” doped fibers.
- a passive fiber is defined as an optical fiber transmitting an optical signal without modifying it.
- an active fiber is defined as an optical fiber transmitting an optical signal by modifying it, for example by amplifying it.
- An active fiber can find applications as an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (designated “EDFA” for “Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier”), an amplified spontaneous emission source (designated “ASE” for “Amplified Spontaneous Emission”) or a fiber.
- EDFA erbium-doped fiber amplifier
- ASE amplified spontaneous emission source
- an optical fiber When an optical fiber is exposed to ionizing radiation, such as electrons, neutrons, X-rays and/or y-rays, a degradation of its optical performance is observed, in particular an increase in the linear attenuation of the optical fiber (designated “radiation induced attenuation” or “RIA” for “Radiation Induced Attenuation”) which can reach a few dB per linear meter.
- ionizing radiation such as electrons, neutrons, X-rays and/or y-rays
- RIA for “Radiation Induced Attenuation”
- Such an attenuation can be of the order of 1 to 10dB per linear meter, for example 3dB corresponding to a loss of 50%.
- the power loss occurs because the chemical bonds that make up the fiber optic core are disrupted by the radiation energy, causing new electronic transition states to appear causing additional absorption in the wavelength regions. associated with said electronic transitions.
- fibers are generally designed whose composition and spectral operating ranges are best suited to the environment for which they are intended.
- fibers whose core, vector of the transport of the light beam, is made of ultrapure silica with a very low level of impurity.
- low fluorine doping can help limit radiation-induced attenuation, as described in “Radiation resistance offluorine-doped silica-core fibers”, K. Sanada, N. Shamoto, and K. Inada, proc. First PAC RIM Meet. Glass Opt. Mater., vol. 179, p. 339-344, Nov. 1994, doi: 10.1016/0022-3093(94)90714-5.
- the active fibers it is possible to choose fibers with a (co)doping in phosphorus and/or in aluminum in order to give the fiber a high optical efficiency and to make it active.
- this doping makes the fiber much more sensitive to radiation than the passive fibers mentioned above (several orders of magnitude of additional loss in the InfraRed (IR) and visible).
- IR InfraRed
- patent application FR3008194 describes a process for manufacturing an optical fiber resistant to radiation comprising the following steps: a) manufacturing a silica optical fiber preform; b) formation in the preform of a longitudinal cavity; c) fiber drawing of said preform so as to form an optical fiber (1) comprising a core (2), an optical cladding (6) and at least one longitudinal cavity (3) having at least one opening (13) at one end of the optical fiber (1); d) application, during step c) of fiber drawing, of a gas-tight coating (4); e) exposure of the optical fiber (1) to a gaseous substance, preferably comprising gaseous hydrogen and/or gaseous deuterium, so as to incorporate said gaseous substance into the silica via said opening (13); f) closing any opening (13) at both ends of the optical fiber (1).
- a gaseous substance preferably comprising gaseous hydrogen and/or gaseous deuterium
- the obtained silica optical fiber illustrated in FIGS. 3 A and 3B comprises:
- hermetic coating (4) to gas diffusion which is typically a thin layer of carbon or metal.
- Said silica optical fiber comprises in the at least one cavity (3) a determined concentration of gas, preferably among gaseous hydrogen and/or gaseous deuterium.
- the thin layer of carbon or metal of the order of one nanometer to a few tens of nanometers, remains hermetic under the effect of radiation and temperature, in particular for long periods of use.
- a coating with a thin layer of carbon or metal cannot be achieved on all types of fibers (such as polymer-sheathed fibers or double-sheathed fibers). Indeed, making a metallic coating on a polymer sheath can generate a risk of melting and damaging the sheath, and it is difficult or even impossible to hold a carbon coating on a polymer sheath.
- the quantity of hydrogen included in the heart of the fiber is complicated to control in this process.
- the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
- the invention aims to improve the performance of an optical fiber subjected to radiation, while maintaining its performance before the optical fiber is subjected to radiation, and this, for the longest possible period of use. .
- the invention aims in particular to be able to use an optical fiber in radiative media.
- the invention also aims to improve the performance of any type of silica-based optical fiber, whether doped or undoped and regardless of the dopant(s) and the materials of the core and sheath.
- the object of the invention making it possible to remedy these drawbacks is a radiation-resistant silica optical fiber comprising:
- Radiolysis is a known phenomenon which consists of the release of hydrogen under the effect of ionizing radiation in certain materials, in particular polymers.
- the rate of hydrogen generation per unit mass and per irradiation dose depends on the type of material but also on the dose rate, the dose and the type of irradiation.
- Radiolysis is generally a phenomenon that we seek to avoid insofar as it is accompanied by the risk of pressure increase if radiolysis occurs in a sealed closed environment. It can thus result in a deterioration of the functional quality of certain materials.
- the invention takes advantage of this phenomenon so as to provide the optical fiber exposed to a radiative flux with a quantity of hydrogen formed by radiolysis.
- the optical fiber according to the invention comprises a coating whose material comprises a polymer or a combination of polymers capable of forming and releasing hydrogen in the optical fiber under the effect of radiation.
- the ability to adapt the quantity of hydrogen released according to the hardening needs of the optical fiber it is thus possible to choose a polymer material according to the environment in which it is planned to use the optical fiber (flow rate of dose, total dose, temperature, etc.);
- the type of polymer material but also its physical state (solid, gel contained in a thin envelope, etc.) and its thickness, can be chosen according to the irradiation conditions of the optical fiber, and therefore according to the desired amount of hydrogen in the optical fiber.
- optical fiber according to the invention may also comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken individually or in any possible technical combination.
- the embodiments indicated in the following can be combined with each other.
- the coating is a solid layer of polymer material.
- the covering comprises a layer of gel made of polymer material and an envelope able to contain said gel between the sheath and said envelope.
- the envelope can be polymer or metal.
- the coating of polymer material forms an annular coating around the sheath.
- the core and the sheath surrounding the core are embedded in the coating made of polymer material (which may be a solid polymer or in the form of a gel).
- the standard optical fiber may have several windings, said windings being embedded in the coating of polymer material.
- the polymer material comprises one or more elements from among: a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polyisobutylene, a polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene oxide, a polypropylene oxide, a polyoxymethylene.
- the polymer material is preferably of high radiolytic yield.
- the core of the optical fiber may include one or more elements from among: silicon, germanium, phosphorus, aluminum, boron, fluorine, or even nitrogen.
- the core of the optical fiber can comprise one or more rare earth dopants from among lanthanum, cerium, erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, thulium and/or holmium.
- the sheath of the optical fiber can comprise one or more elements among: silicon, germanium, phosphorus, aluminum, boron, fluorine, even nitrogen.
- At least one of the core and/or the sheath comprises silica.
- the invention also relates to an optical fiber device comprising at least one silica optical fiber according to the invention.
- the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the manufacture of optical fibers, doped or not, and of devices and systems based on such optical fibers, intended for use in a radiative environment such as the space environment, the nuclear and scientific instrumentation or even in medical devices using radiation.
- FIG.1 illustrates the beneficial effects of hydrogen on an undoped optical fiber.
- FIG.2 illustrates the beneficial effects of hydrogen on an Erbium doped optical fiber.
- FIG.3B represent state-of-the-art silica optical fibers.
- FIG.4A represents a first variant of a first embodiment of optical fiber according to the invention.
- FIG.4B represents a second variant of a first embodiment of optical fiber according to the invention.
- FIG.5 represents the radiolysis effect of the coating of the optical fiber according to the invention.
- FIG.ôB represent a second embodiment of optical fibers according to the invention.
- FIG.7B represent the results obtained on optical fibers obtained according to the second embodiment of Figures 6A and 6B.
- Figures 4A and 4B show a first embodiment of optical fiber.
- a silica optical fiber 10 resistant to radiation comprises a core 20, a sheath 30 surrounding the core and an annular coating 40 of polymeric material encapsulating the sheath, said coating being capable of forming hydrogen by radiolysis. under the effect of radiation so as to diffuse it in said optical fiber.
- the core of the optical fiber can include one or more elements among: silicon, germanium, phosphorus, aluminum, boron, fluorine, nitrogen. It may be undoped or be doped for example with one or more rare earth dopants from among lanthanum, cerium, erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, thulium and/or holmium.
- the sheath may comprise one or more elements from among: silicon, germanium, phosphorus, aluminum, boron, fluorine, nitrogen. It can be undoped or be doped with example with one or more rare earth dopants from among lanthanum, cerium, erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, thulium and/or holmium.
- the coating 40 is an annular coating surrounding the sheath 30 and consists of a solid layer 41 of a polymer material with high radiolytic yield.
- the hydrogen formed by the layer of polymer material under the effect of radiation can thus be diffused into the optical fiber.
- the coating 40 is also an annular coating surrounding the sheath 30 but it differs from the first variant in that it comprises a layer of gel 42 made of a polymer material with high radiolytic yield contained in a casing 43 preferably thin.
- the envelope can be polymer or metal.
- the envelope is used to contain the gel. The hydrogen formed by the gel under the effect of radiation can thus be diffused into the optical fiber.
- the polymer material comprises one or more elements from among: a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polyisobutylene, a polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene oxide, a polypropylene oxide, a polyoxymethylene.
- These materials have a higher radiolytic yield for hydrogen than an acrylate coating, for example, which is commonly used as an optical fiber coating. The aforementioned materials therefore allow better hardening of the optical fiber compared to those of the prior art.
- the thickness of the coating can vary between a few micrometers to a few millimeters depending on the application and the radiation environment targeted. It may for example be greater than 50 ⁇ m, or even greater than 250 ⁇ m, or even greater than 400 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 5 shows the effect of irradiation R under which coating 40 undergoes radiolysis which allows the release of a flow of hydrogen H 2 , part of which diffuses into cladding 30 and core 20.
- Figures 6A and 6B show a second embodiment in which the optical fiber is formed by embedding a standard optical fiber (core 20 and sheath 30) in a polymer (cladding 40). As shown, the standard optical fiber coils are wound and this fiber winding is embedded in a coating of polymer material with high radiolytic efficiency, which is either a solid layer of polymer material (first variant) or a gel layer of material polymer contained in an envelope (second variant).
- first variant a solid layer of polymer material
- second variant a gel layer of material polymer contained in an envelope
- This second embodiment is very interesting in that it makes it possible to produce in a simple manner an optical fiber reinforced against radiation.
- a reference optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber in the form of a 50-meter coil, hardened to radiation by doping, more precisely whose core and sheath are made of silica doped with fluorine, the fiber having a diameter of 125 ⁇ m.
- a first fiber (corresponding to fiber A in FIG. 7A) is a fiber produced according to a first variant of the second embodiment comprising a coating in the form of a solid layer of low density polyethylene (CH 2 CH 2 ) n embedding a fiber optic coil similar to that of the reference fiber optic coil.
- a second fiber (corresponding to fiber B in FIG. 7B) is a fiber produced according to a second variant of the second embodiment comprising a coating in the form of a layer of gel based on a polymer with high radiolytic yield (Gel Unigel transmission system intended for ultrasound imaging) contained in an epoxy resin envelope (C ⁇ fBsClOs), having a low radiolytic yield to be sure that the hydrogen generated during the test comes from the gel, said coating embedding a similar optical fiber to that of the reference fiber.
- a coating in the form of a layer of gel based on a polymer with high radiolytic yield (Gel Unigel transmission system intended for ultrasound imaging) contained in an epoxy resin envelope (C ⁇ fBsClOs), having a low radiolytic yield to be sure that the hydrogen generated during the test comes from the gel, said coating embedding a similar optical fiber to that of the reference fiber.
- the first fiber about 10 g of polyethylene was used to encapsulate the coil, which made it possible to form the equivalent of a coating thickness of 420 ⁇ m (fiber diameter: 125 ⁇ m).
- the reference fiber (dotted curves in FIGS. 7A and 7B) as well as the two variants of fibers according to the invention with a coating of polymer material with high radiolytic yield (solid curves in FIGS. 7A and 7B) have were tested, and the fibers according to the invention were compared with the reference fiber.
- the three fibers were tested under irradiation by gamma radiation with a dose rate of about 5.4 kGy / hour for more than 176 hours to reach a total dose of about 0.95 MGy.
- Figures 7A and 7B present the results of these tests which highlight the effect of hydrogen.
- the fibers according to the invention a considerable reduction in losses in the visible is observed.
- the hydrogen produced by the irradiation penetrates the fiber and makes it possible to interact with the Si-O* defects (with an absorption band around 630 nm) by transforming them into Si-OH type defects (with a band of absorption around 1380 nm) according to the following formula:
- Si-O • + Si • +H2 SiOH + SiH
- the effect of hydrogen can be all the greater if the polymer material, the thickness of the coating, its shape or even its physical state (solid, gel confined in an envelope) is adapted to the conditions in which the optical fiber is intended to be used.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2013163A FR3117616B1 (fr) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Fibre optique à base de silice résistante aux radiations |
| PCT/EP2021/082165 WO2022128319A1 (fr) | 2020-12-14 | 2021-11-18 | Fibre optique a base de silice resistante aux radiations |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4260107A1 true EP4260107A1 (fr) | 2023-10-18 |
Family
ID=76034662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21815185.0A Pending EP4260107A1 (fr) | 2020-12-14 | 2021-11-18 | Fibre optique a base de silice resistante aux radiations |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12578524B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4260107A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2023553606A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20230116057A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN116783522A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3202236A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3117616B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022128319A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6273215A (ja) * | 1985-09-27 | 1987-04-03 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | 耐放射線光ケ−ブル |
| JPH01262509A (ja) * | 1988-04-14 | 1989-10-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光ファイバの耐放射線性を維持する方法 |
| RU2133486C1 (ru) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-07-20 | Научный центр волоконной оптики при Институте общей физики РАН | Способ определения дозы ионизирующего излучения и волоконно-оптический датчик (его варианты) |
| US6404961B1 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2002-06-11 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Optical fiber cable having fiber in metal tube core with outer protective layer |
| US20020004138A1 (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2002-01-10 | Robert Silverstein | Novel optical fiber gel fluid |
| JP4044371B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-29 | 2008-02-06 | 三菱電線工業株式会社 | 光ファイバシート |
| CN100368835C (zh) * | 2006-01-12 | 2008-02-13 | 上海大学 | 高性能抗辐射石英光纤及其制作方法 |
| FR2962555B1 (fr) * | 2010-07-09 | 2013-05-17 | Ixfiber | Fibre optique dopee terre rare resistante aux radiations et procede de durcissement aux radiations d'une fibre optique dopee terre rare |
| FR3008194B1 (fr) | 2013-07-05 | 2015-08-07 | Ixfiber | Procede de fabrication d'une fibre optique resistante aux radiations, fibre optique resistante aux radiations et dispositif comportant une telle fibre |
| CN106646735B (zh) * | 2015-10-29 | 2019-12-27 | 上海亨通光电科技有限公司 | 一种抗辐射光纤及其制备工艺 |
| US20200123052A1 (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2020-04-23 | North Carolina State University | Enhanced optical fibers for low temperature sensing |
| CN108322259B (zh) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-10-02 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | 一种激光干涉仪载波调制器 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-14 FR FR2013163A patent/FR3117616B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-18 CA CA3202236A patent/CA3202236A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-11-18 WO PCT/EP2021/082165 patent/WO2022128319A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-11-18 CN CN202180090666.9A patent/CN116783522A/zh active Pending
- 2021-11-18 EP EP21815185.0A patent/EP4260107A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-11-18 US US18/266,574 patent/US12578524B2/en active Active
- 2021-11-18 JP JP2023534660A patent/JP2023553606A/ja active Pending
- 2021-11-18 KR KR1020237023515A patent/KR20230116057A/ko active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116783522A (zh) | 2023-09-19 |
| FR3117616B1 (fr) | 2023-11-24 |
| JP2023553606A (ja) | 2023-12-25 |
| FR3117616A1 (fr) | 2022-06-17 |
| US20240053536A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
| US12578524B2 (en) | 2026-03-17 |
| WO2022128319A1 (fr) | 2022-06-23 |
| CA3202236A1 (fr) | 2022-06-23 |
| KR20230116057A (ko) | 2023-08-03 |
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