EP4251418A1 - Vitre composite comprenant un revêtement pare-soleil - Google Patents

Vitre composite comprenant un revêtement pare-soleil

Info

Publication number
EP4251418A1
EP4251418A1 EP21811386.8A EP21811386A EP4251418A1 EP 4251418 A1 EP4251418 A1 EP 4251418A1 EP 21811386 A EP21811386 A EP 21811386A EP 4251418 A1 EP4251418 A1 EP 4251418A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pane
layer
dielectric
silver
sun protection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21811386.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Svenja BOURONE
Alexandra TOUMAR
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4251418A1 publication Critical patent/EP4251418A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
    • B32B17/10385—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires for ohmic resistance heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
    • B32B17/10449—Wavelength selective transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10935—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin as a preformed layer, e.g. formed by extrusion
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    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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    • B32B2605/08—Cars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laminated pane with an improved sun protection coating and its use.
  • Composite panes with electrically conductive coatings are well known in the automotive sector, for example as windshields with a heatable, transparent coating.
  • the coating typically includes several silver layers that are applied alternately with dielectric layers, which ensures high electrical conductivity on the one hand and sufficient transmission in the visible spectral range on the other.
  • More complex electrically conductive coatings for windshields are also known, which are used, for example, as IR-reflective coatings in order to reduce the heating of the vehicle interior and thereby improve thermal comfort.
  • the coatings can also be used as heatable coatings by connecting them to a voltage source so that a current flows through the coating.
  • Suitable coatings contain conductive, metallic layers, in particular based on silver.
  • Silver-containing transparent coatings are known, for example, from WO03/024155, US2007/0082219A1, US2007/0020465A1, WO2013/104438 or WO2013/104439.
  • sun protection coatings are sought which are not only heatable but also have low total solar transmission (TTS), low external reflection and neutral or blue reflection colors. In particular, yellow, red and violet reflection colors are perceived as disruptive and should be avoided.
  • Good sun protection properties of vehicle glazing also help to reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioning system and are therefore also desirable from an environmental point of view.
  • reduced energy consumption of secondary systems, such as air conditioning and heating means an increase in range.
  • DC converters also called DC/DC converters
  • DC converters are usually used in electric vehicles, which increase the on-board voltage from 14 V to a supply voltage of 42 V, with which the heated windshield is operated.
  • Heatable solar control coatings designed for use in internal combustion engine vehicles are typically designed for a 14V supply voltage and are not compatible with the working range of the 14V/42V DC/DC converter.
  • TTS reduced total solar transmission
  • a low total solar transmission (TTS) is usually associated with a high external reflectivity of the coating, but in practice the lowest possible amount of both values is desirable.
  • TTS total solar transmission
  • the legal requirements for windscreens in accordance with the procedures specified in ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows must be observed, according to which the total transmission T L must be at least 70%.
  • a sun protection coating is to be used as a heatable coating in the automotive sector, have a visually appealing reflective color and at the same time be compatible with the DC converters commonly used in electric cars, high demands are placed on its optical and electrical properties.
  • WO2019/206493A1 discloses a composite pane for a head-up display, at least one electrically conductive coating on one of the surfaces of the outer pane or the inner pane of the composite pane facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer and an anti-reflection coating on the surface of the inner pane facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the electrically conductive coating comprises at least four electrically conductive silver layers with a total thickness of at least 60 nm, with dielectric layers being arranged in each case between the silver layers. Viewed from the inner pane in the direction of the outer pane, the third layer of silver following the inner pane is the silver layer with the greatest thickness.
  • WO2020/094422 A1 relates to a projection arrangement for a head-up display (HUD), at least comprising a composite pane with a HUD area, an electrically conductive coating on the surface of the outer pane or the inner pane facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer, and a projector.
  • the electrically conductive coating comprises at least four electrically conductive layers, which are each arranged between two dielectric layers, the sum of Thickness of all electrically conductive layers is at most 30 nm and at least one of the electrically conductive layers has a thickness of at most 5 nm.
  • WO 2020/094423A1 describes a projection arrangement for a head-up display (HUD), which comprises a composite pane with an electrically conductive coating and a projector, the electrically conductive coating comprising at least three electrically conductive layers, the sum of the thicknesses of all electrically conductive layers is at most 30 nm and the electrically conductive layers have a thickness of 5 nm to 10 nm.
  • HUD head-up display
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a further improved composite pane with sun protection function, wherein the electrical, energetic and optical properties of the composite pane are to be further improved.
  • the laminated pane according to the invention comprises an outer pane with an outside surface (side I) and an inside surface (side II), an inner pane with an outside surface (side III) and an inside surface (side IV) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer which covers the inside Connects the surface of the outer pane to the outside surface of the inner pane, with the composite pane having at least one sun protection coating between the outer pane and the inner pane which essentially reflects or absorbs rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays, the sun protection coating starting in the direction of the inner pane seen in the direction of the outer pane, a layer sequence - first dielectric module (M1),
  • the silver layers (Ag1, Ag2, Ag3) of the sun protection coating according to the invention have a relative layer thickness of Ag2>Ag1>Ag3.
  • the second silver layer Ag2 is the silver layer with the greatest thickness, followed by the first silver layer Ag1, the thickness of which lies between the thickness of the second silver layer and the thickness of the third silver layer, and the third silver layer Ag3 as the silver layer with the smallest layer thickness.
  • the first silver layer Ag1 and the third silver layer Ag3 have a relative layer thickness of 1.0 ⁇ Ag1/Ag3 to one another, while the second silver layer Ag2 and the third silver layer have a relative layer thickness of 1.2 ⁇ Ag2/Ag3 ⁇ 2 to one another. This has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to further improved optical and electrical properties of the laminated pane, in particular with regard to a visually appealing blue reflection color of the coating at different reflection angles.
  • the structure of the layer sequence of the sun protection coating according to the invention is viewed starting from the direction of the inner pane.
  • the fourth dielectric module is the layer of solar control coating closest to the interior surface (Side II) of the outer pane and the first dielectric module is the layer of solar control coating closest to the outside surface (Side III) of the inner pane.
  • the first dielectric module (M1) closest to the outside surface (side III) of the inner pane is followed in this order by the first silver layer (Ag1), the second dielectric module (M2), the second silver layer (Ag2 ), the third dielectric module (M3), the third silver layer (Ag3) and the fourth dielectric module (M4).
  • the fourth dielectric module is thus the layer of the sun protection coating furthest away from the outside surface (side III) of the inner pane and closest to the inside surface (side II) of the outer pane.
  • the silver layers are each arranged between dielectric modules, ie dielectric layers or layer sequences.
  • the sun protection coating is arranged between the interior surface (side II) of the outer pane and the outside surface (side III) of the inner pane and can, for example, be applied to one of the pane surfaces or integrated into the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the layer thickness of the second silver layer (Ag2) of the sun protection coating is greater than the respective layer thickness of the two other silver layers Ag1 and Ag3 lying above and below.
  • the first silver layer Ag1 is arranged in the layer sequence of the sun protection coating below the second silver layer Ag2 and thus further away from the outer pane, while the third silver layer Ag3 is arranged in the layer sequence above the second silver layer Ag2 and thus closer to the outer pane. Furthermore, the thickness of the first silver layer Ag1 is larger than the thickness of the third silver layer Ag3.
  • a laminated glass pane according to the invention has significantly improved electrical, optical and aesthetic properties compared to the previously known laminated glass panes with sun protection coating and at the same time has good energy properties, in particular unwanted color tones in the reflection of the laminated pane can be minimized or even completely avoided. Furthermore, at most a very small angle-dependent change in the reflection color is achieved.
  • the composite pane according to the invention is compatible with a 14V/42V DC converter and can be heated with a supply voltage of 42V if necessary.
  • the composite pane comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the laminated pane is intended to separate the interior from the outside environment in a window opening, in particular the window opening of a vehicle.
  • the inner pane refers to the pane of the laminated pane facing the interior (in particular the vehicle interior).
  • the outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.
  • the laminated pane has an upper edge and a lower edge as well as two side edges running in between.
  • the upper edge is that edge which is intended to point upwards in the installation position.
  • the lower edge designates that edge which is intended to point downwards in the installation position.
  • the top edge is often referred to as the roof edge and the bottom edge as the engine edge.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside and an inside surface and a circumferential side edge running in between.
  • the outside surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position.
  • the interior-side surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position.
  • the interior surface of the outer pane and the outside surface of the inner pane face each other and are connected to one another by the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the sun protection coating of the laminated pane according to the invention is preferably applied to one of the surfaces of the two panes facing the intermediate layer, ie the interior surface of the outer pane or the outside surface of the inner pane.
  • the sun protection coating can also be arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer, for example applied to a carrier film which is arranged between two thermoplastic connecting films.
  • the sun protection coating is also suitable as an IR-reflecting coating.
  • the coating is applied to the entire surface of the pane surface with the exception of a peripheral edge area and optionally local areas which, as communication, sensor or camera windows, are intended to ensure the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the composite pane and are therefore not provided with the coating.
  • the surrounding uncoated edge area has a width of up to 20 cm, for example. It prevents the coating from coming into direct contact with the surrounding atmosphere, so that the coating inside the laminated pane is protected from corrosion and damage.
  • the laminated pane is a windshield and the sun protection coating is a transparent coating.
  • a transparent coating is understood to be a coating that has an average transmission in the visible spectral range of at least 70%, preferably at least 72.5%, which means that it does not significantly restrict the view through the pane.
  • a transmission in the visible range of light of at least 72.5% is particularly advantageous if additional components of the pane limit the transmission.
  • the coating is suitable for being heated with a supply voltage of preferably 42 V, but can also be heated without the corresponding electrical connections for heating can be used as a pure sun protection coating.
  • At least 80% of the pane surface is preferably provided with the coating according to the invention.
  • first layer is arranged above a second layer, this means within the meaning of the invention that the first layer is arranged further in the direction of the outer pane than the second layer. If a first layer is arranged below a second layer, this means within the meaning of the invention that the second layer is arranged further in the direction of the inner pane than the first layer.
  • the layer mainly consists of this material, in particular essentially of this material in addition to any impurities or dopings.
  • the sun protection coating is a layer stack or a layer sequence, in particular of thin layers, comprising a plurality of silver layers, each silver layer being arranged between two dielectric layers or layer sequences.
  • dielectric modules are referred to as dielectric modules.
  • a dielectric module is thus understood to mean a dielectric layer which can be formed from a single layer, that is to say a single dielectric layer, or from a plurality of layers of dielectric layers.
  • the coating is therefore a thin-layer stack with n silver layers and (n+1) dielectric layers or layer sequences, where n is a natural number and a lower dielectric layer or layer sequence is followed by a silver layer and a dielectric layer or layer sequence in alternation.
  • the sun protection coating is a thin layer stack, ie a layer sequence of thin individual layers, and preferably comprises at least four dielectric modules (M 1, M2, M3 and M4), ie at least four dielectric layers.
  • Each functional silver layer is sandwiched between two dielectric layers or stacks.
  • the functional layers or layer sequences and the dielectric layers are arranged in such a way that at least one dielectric layer is arranged between each two adjacent functional silver layers between which no further functional silver layer is arranged and that at least one further dielectric layer is arranged above the uppermost functional layer and that at least one further dielectric layer is arranged below the bottom functional layer.
  • the sun protection coating according to the invention has at least three silver layers. Said natural number n is therefore at least 3.
  • the coating comprises at least the following layers or layer sequences, which are arranged in the specified order starting from the inner pane to the outer pane: - a first dielectric layer or layer sequence as module M1, a first silver layer Ag1 , a second dielectric layer or layer sequence as module M2, a second silver layer Ag2, a third dielectric layer or layer sequence as module M3, - a third silver layer Ag3 and a fourth dielectric layer or layer sequence as module M4.
  • the coating according to the invention can include further silver layers and dielectric modules which are arranged above the fourth dielectric module M4 (n>3).
  • said natural number n is exactly 3.
  • the sun protection coating preferably contains exactly three silver layers, ie not less than three and also not more than three silver layers.
  • more complex layer structures are not necessary to achieve the required specifications of the coatings.
  • more complex layer structures are more complex to deposit. In that sense it is a great advantage of the invention is to achieve the desired properties of the coating with only three layers of silver.
  • other metal-containing layers can be present which do not contribute significantly to the sun protection properties of the coating but serve a different purpose. This applies in particular to metallic blocker layers with a geometric thickness of less than 1 nm, which are preferably arranged between the silver layer and the dielectric modules.
  • the silver layers give the sun protection coating the basic IR-reflecting effect and the electrical conductivity required to heat the pane.
  • the term silver layer is a designation for a layer formed on the basis of silver.
  • the silver layers are based on silver.
  • the silver layers preferably contain at least 90% by weight silver, particularly preferably at least 99% by weight silver, very particularly preferably at least 99.9% by weight silver.
  • the silver layers can have dopings, for example palladium, gold, copper or aluminum.
  • the first dielectric module M1, the second dielectric module M2, the third dielectric module M3 and the fourth dielectric module M4 preferably have a relative optical layer thickness of M2/M1>1.9, M2/M3>0.8 and M2/M4> 2 to each other.
  • a laminated pane with this embodiment of the sun protection coating shows further improved optical and aesthetic properties and a higher transmission TL in the visible range of light.
  • all of the dielectric layers have a refractive index greater than 1.8, preferably greater than 1.9.
  • all of the dielectric layers or layer sequences of the dielectric modules are formed exclusively from dielectric layers with a refractive index of greater than 1.8. Good results are achieved with this.
  • the dielectric layers can be based, for example, on silicon nitride (S13N4), silicon-metal mixed nitrides (such as silicon zirconium nitride (SiZrN), silicon-aluminum mixed nitride, silicon-hafnium mixed nitride or silicon-titanium mixed nitride), aluminum nitride (AlN), tin oxide (SnO), manganese oxide (MnO), tungsten oxide (WO3), niobium oxide (Nb 2 0s), bismuth oxide (B12O3), titanium dioxide (T1O2), zinc oxide (ZnO) or tin-zinc mixed oxide (SnZnO).
  • silicon nitride Si13N4
  • silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon zirconium nitride (SiZrN), silicon-aluminum mixed nitride, silicon-hafnium mixed nitride
  • refractive indices are generally given in relation to a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the optical thickness is the product of the geometric thickness and the refractive index (at 550 nm).
  • the optical thickness of a layer sequence is calculated as the sum of the optical thicknesses of the individual layers.
  • the refractive index can be determined, for example, by means of ellipsometry. Ellipsometers are commercially available, for example from Sentech.
  • the refractive index of a dielectric layer is preferably determined by first depositing it as a single layer on a substrate and then measuring the refractive index using ellipsometry.
  • the layers of the layer sequence are each deposited alone as individual layers on a substrate and the refractive index is then determined by means of ellipsometry.
  • a refractive index of at least 1.8 can be achieved for each of these individual layers.
  • Dielectric layers with a refractive index of at least 1.8 and methods for their deposition are known to those skilled in the field of thin layers. Physical vapor deposition methods, in particular magnetron sputtering, are preferably used.
  • the materials mentioned in the present description can be deposited stoichiometrically, under-stoichiometrically or over-stoichiometrically.
  • the materials can have dopings, in particular aluminum, boron, zirconium or titanium. Due to the doping, dielectric materials can be provided with a certain electrical conductivity. The person skilled in the art will nevertheless identify them as dielectric layers with regard to their function, as is usual in the area of thin layers.
  • the material of the dielectric layers preferably has an electrical conductivity (reciprocal of the specific resistance) of less than 10 4 S/m.
  • the material of the silver layers preferably has an electrical conductivity greater than 10 4 S/m.
  • the first dielectric module, the second dielectric module, the third dielectric module and/or the fourth dielectric module preferably contain a dielectric layer that acts as an antireflection layer.
  • each dielectric module contains a dielectric layer as an antireflection layer.
  • the anti-reflective layers reduce the reflection of visible light and thus increase the transparency of the coated pane.
  • the antireflection coatings are formed on the basis of silicon nitride, for example (S13N4), silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon zirconium nitride (SiZrN), aluminum nitride (AIN) or tin oxide (SnO).
  • the antireflection coatings can also have doping.
  • the anti-reflective layers preferably have geometric thicknesses of 5 nm to 100 nm, particularly preferably 6 nm to 60 nm. Silicon nitrides are particularly preferred as anti-reflective layers because they have a higher refractive index than the oxides, resulting in a comparatively lower layer thickness of the Silicon nitride is required. Furthermore, good color properties of the coating are achieved.
  • one or more dielectric modules has a first matching layer, preferably at least each dielectric module, which is arranged below a silver layer.
  • the first adaptation layer is preferably arranged above the antireflection layer.
  • the first adaptation layer is preferably arranged directly below the first silver layer, so that it is in direct contact with the respective silver layer. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the crystallinity of the silver layer.
  • one or more dielectric modules has a second matching layer, preferably each dielectric module, which is arranged above a silver layer.
  • the second adaptation layer is preferably arranged below the antireflection layer.
  • the first matching layer and/or the second matching layer preferably contains zinc oxide ZnO.
  • the first matching layer and/or the second matching layer preferably contains dopings.
  • the first matching layer and/or the second matching layer can contain aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al), for example.
  • the zinc oxide is preferably deposited sub-stoichiometrically with respect to the oxygen in order to avoid a reaction of excess oxygen with the silver-containing layer.
  • the geometric layer thicknesses of the first adjustment layer and the second adjustment layer are preferably from 5 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 20 nm.
  • Zinc oxide has proven to be the preferred material for the adjustment layers due to its good smoothing properties, with an advantageously high conductivity of the adjacent silver layer can be achieved.
  • one or more dielectric modules has at least one dielectric layer as a smoothing layer, preferably each dielectric module that is arranged between two silver layers, in particular preferably additionally also the lowest first dielectric module.
  • the at least one smoothing layer is arranged below the first matching layers, preferably between the antireflection layer and the first matching layer if such a first matching layer is present.
  • the smoothing layer is particularly preferably in direct contact with the first adaptation layer.
  • the smoothing layer brings about an optimization, in particular smoothing, of the surface for a silver layer subsequently applied on top.
  • a silver layer deposited on a smoother surface has a higher transmittance with a lower surface resistance at the same time.
  • the geometric layer thickness of a smoothing layer is preferably from 5 nm to 20 nm, particularly preferably from 7 nm to 12 nm.
  • the smoothing layer preferably has a refractive index of less than 2.2.
  • the smoothing layer preferably contains at least one non-crystalline oxide.
  • the oxide can be amorphous or partially amorphous (and thus partially crystalline), but is not fully crystalline.
  • the non-crystalline smoothing layer has a low level of roughness and thus forms an advantageously smooth surface for the layers to be applied above the smoothing layer.
  • the non-crystalline smoothing layer also brings about an improved surface structure of the layer deposited directly above the smoothing layer, which is preferably the first adaptation layer.
  • the smoothing layer may contain at least one oxide of one or more of tin, silicon, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, gallium and indium.
  • the smoothing layer particularly preferably contains a non-crystalline compound oxide.
  • the smoothing layer most preferably contains a tin-zinc mixed oxide (ZnSnO).
  • the mixed oxide can have doping.
  • the smoothing layer can contain, for example, an antimony-doped tin-zinc mixed oxide.
  • the mixed oxide preferably has a substoichiometric oxygen content.
  • the tin content is preferably between 10 and 40% by weight, particularly preferably between 12 and 35% by weight.
  • the sun protection coating comprises one or more blocker layers.
  • At least one blocking layer is preferably assigned to at least one silver layer, particularly preferably to each silver layer.
  • the blocking layer is in direct contact with the silver layer and is located immediately above or immediately below the silver layer. No further layer is therefore arranged between the silver layer and the associated blocking layer. It is also possible to have a blocking layer immediately above and immediately below a silver layer be arranged.
  • the blocking layer preferably contains niobium, titanium, nickel, chromium and/or alloys thereof, particularly preferably nickel-chromium alloys.
  • the geometric layer thickness of the blocker layer is preferably from 0.1 nm to 1.5 nm, particularly preferably from 0.1 nm to 1.0 nm.
  • a blocker layer directly below a silver layer serves in particular to stabilize the silver layer during a temperature treatment and improves the optical Quality of the sun protection coating.
  • a blocking layer immediately above a silver layer prevents contact of the sensitive silver layer with the oxidizing reactive atmosphere during the deposition of the following layer by reactive sputtering, e.g. the second conforming layer.
  • a layer is formed on the basis of a material, the majority of the layer consists of this material in addition to any impurities or dopings. If a first layer is arranged above a second layer, this means within the meaning of the invention that the first layer is arranged further away from the substrate on which the coating is applied than the second layer. If a first layer is arranged below a second layer, this means within the meaning of the invention that the second layer is arranged further away from the substrate than the first layer. If a first layer is arranged above or below a second layer, this does not necessarily mean within the meaning of the invention that the first and the second layer are in direct contact with one another. One or more further layers can be arranged between the first and the second layer unless this is explicitly excluded.
  • a dielectric module is arranged between two adjacent silver layers, which comprises the following dielectric layer sequence:
  • a smoothing layer based on an oxide of one or more of the elements tin, silicon, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, gallium and indium,
  • a specific order of the layers is not required.
  • Below the bottom silver layer and above the top silver layer there is preferably an antireflection coating and an adaptation layer based on the preferred materials mentioned above.
  • the bottom silver layer corresponds to the first silver layer and the top silver layer to the third silver layer.
  • the dielectric modules preferably each have a geometric thickness of 10 nm to 100 nm, particularly preferably 20 nm to 90 nm, for example between 70 nm and 85 nm.
  • the optical thickness of the modules results from the geometric thickness of the dielectric modules by multiplying them with the refractive index of the respective layers.
  • the optical thickness of the dielectric modules is between 20 nm and 240 nm, preferably between 40 nm and 200 nm.
  • each functional silver layer of the sun protection coating is preferably from 5 nm to 25 nm.
  • the total geometric thickness of all functional silver layers of the sun protection coating is preferably from 20 nm to 75 nm, particularly preferably from 25 nm to 60 nm functional layer and the total thickness of all functional silver layers, particularly good results are achieved with regard to the sun protection function and transparency.
  • the first silver layer (Ag1) preferably has a geometric thickness of 7 nm to 14 nm
  • the second silver layer (Ag2) preferably a geometric thickness of 7 nm to 16 nm
  • the third silver layer (Ag3) a geometric thickness of 6 nm to 13 nm on.
  • Layer thicknesses within these ranges have proven to be advantageous in order to achieve layer resistances of the sun protection coating of 1.0 W/sq to 1.5 W/sq, which are particularly suitable for use of the coating with a supply voltage of 42 V.
  • the sun protection coating according to the invention has IR-reflecting properties, so that it functions as a sun protection coating, which reduces the heating of the vehicle interior by reflecting the thermal radiation.
  • the TTS value of the laminated pane provided with the coating is preferably less than 50%, particularly preferably less than 45%. With TTS value, the total transmitted solar energy, measured according to ISO 13837 - it is a measure of thermal comfort.
  • the coating can also be used as a heating coating if it is electrically contacted so that a current flows through it which heats the coating.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of glass, in particular of soda-lime glass, which is common for window panes.
  • the panes can also be made of other types of glass (for example borosilicate glass, quartz glass, aluminosilicate glass) or transparent plastics (for example polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate).
  • the thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane can vary widely. Discs with a thickness in the range from 0.8 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1.4 mm to 2.9 mm, are preferably used, for example those with the standard thicknesses of 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be clear and colorless, but also tinted or colored.
  • the tinting of the outer pane, inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer is selected depending on the desired application of the laminated pane. If the laminated pane is used as a windshield, high transmission in the visible range of the light spectrum is desirable and the components do not have dark tints.
  • the total transmission through the laminated glass is greater than 70% in an embodiment as a windshield of a motor vehicle, based on light type A.
  • the term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmission of motor vehicle windows.
  • the outer pane and the inner panes can be unprestressed, partially prestressed or prestressed independently of one another. If at least one of the panes is to have a prestress, this can be a thermal or chemical prestress.
  • Suitable glass sheets include glass sheets known by the trade names Planiclear and Planilux (each clear glass), VG 10, VG20, VG40 or TSANx, TSA3+, TSA4+ from Saint-Gobain, the glasses of the VG series being grey-tinted glasses and where the TSA series is green colored lenses.
  • the laminated pane is intended as a windshield of a motor vehicle, with at least the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the inner pane and the outer pane being clear.
  • the laminated pane is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is customary for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature being in the range from about 10 cm to about 40 m.
  • the composite pane can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is formed by one or more thermoplastic foils, it being possible for the individual foils in the resulting intermediate layer no longer to be distinguished from one another in the resulting laminated pane.
  • the thermoplastic films preferably contain polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) and/or mixtures thereof and/or copolymers thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.
  • the films are preferably based on the materials mentioned, but can contain other components, for example plasticizers, colorants, IR or UV absorbers.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm.
  • the individual polymer films of the intermediate layer, in particular the PVB films preferably have a thickness of approximately 0.2 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm or 0.81 mm.
  • Other properties of the laminated glass pane can be influenced via the thickness of the foils. For example, thicker PVB films bring about improved soundproofing, especially if they contain an acoustically effective core, increased burglary resistance of the laminated glass pane and also increased protection against ultraviolet radiation (UV protection).
  • UV protection ultraviolet radiation
  • the sun protection coating is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the sun protection coating is applied to the surface of the outer pane on the interior side (side II). In this way, the sun protection coating is protected from the effects of the weather in the laminate of the laminated pane.
  • a positioning of Sun protection coating as far outside as possible, ie as close as possible to the outside of the outer pane, is advantageous with regard to a particularly good sun protection effect. This is further optimized by using a clear non-tinted outer pane.
  • the sun protection coating is embedded in the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the sun protection coating can be applied to a thermoplastic film.
  • the sun protection coating is applied to a carrier film, which is arranged, for example, between two thermoplastic films that serve to form the intermediate layer during the production of the laminated pane.
  • the integration of the sun protection coating via a carrier film is advantageous with regard to simple prefabrication and provision of the carrier film with sun protection coating.
  • the film of the thermoplastic intermediate layer lying between the sun protection coating and the outer pane is preferably clear and not tinted.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer of the laminated pane contains a carrier film which has the sun protection coating above, ie on the surface facing the outer pane.
  • the carrier film preferably contains or consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, for example about 50 ⁇ m.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the carrier film can also be made of other suitable plastics.
  • the sun protection coating is applied to the outside surface III of the inner pane.
  • the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer are preferably clear and not tinted.
  • this embodiment is advantageous and allows greater flexibility with regard to the printing inks that can be used for the cover print.
  • the sun protection coating is intended as a heating coating, it is electrically connected to an external voltage source in a manner known per se, with the coating being heated by applying a voltage.
  • the electrical contact is realized by suitable connection cables, for example foil conductors, which are preferably connected via so-called bus bars. for example strips of an electrically conductive material or electrically conductive printing, are connected to the solar control coating.
  • At least two busbars are preferably attached to the sun protection coating and connected to it in an electrically conductive manner. These at least two busbars are preferably attached along opposite edges of the composite pane and can be electrically conductively connected to opposite poles of a voltage source to heat the pane. The coating area between the busbars can be electrically heated.
  • three busbars are applied, with one busbar each running parallel to the horizontal edges and the third busbar protruding from the roof edge in the direction of the center of the pane. The first busbar is located adjacent to the edge of the roof, while the second busbar is located adjacent to the edge of the motor and both busbars run parallel to these horizontal side edges.
  • the shape of one or more busbars is adapted to any decoated areas for sensor windows that serve to attach sensors.
  • the bus bars have a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 8 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the width of the bus bars is 0.5 mm to 30 mm, preferably 1 mm to 20 mm.
  • the sun protection coating is not intended to be connected to a voltage source.
  • other means for heating the pane are provided, for example in the form of heating wires which are attached between the outside surface (side III) of the inner pane and the interior surface (side II) of the outer pane.
  • the heating wires are preferably inserted in the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the heating wires can optionally be electrically insulated. This allows contact between wires and coating avoiding short circuits.
  • the composite film of the thermoplastic intermediate layer provided with heating wires can thus be applied with the wires pointing in the direction of the coating. If the wires are not insulated, the heating wires should be on the side of the composite foil facing away from the coating.
  • the wires are insulated, for example, by a polymer-containing sheath, which particularly preferably contains polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polycarbonate, rubber, silicone rubber, polyamide, polyurethane and/or mixtures and/or copolymers thereof.
  • a polymer-containing sheath which particularly preferably contains polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polycarbonate, rubber, silicone rubber, polyamide, polyurethane and/or mixtures and/or copolymers thereof.
  • the minimum distance between adjacent heating wires is 2 mm, while the maximum distance between adjacent wires is 35 mm.
  • the heating wires contain tungsten, copper, nickel, manganese, aluminum, silver, chromium and/or iron and/or mixtures and/or alloys thereof, preferably tungsten or copper, particularly preferably tungsten.
  • the heating wires have a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 160 ⁇ m, the thickness depending, among other things, on the material used for the wires.
  • Tungsten wires are preferably used with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, while copper wires preferably have a thickness of 60 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the ends of the heating wires are contacted via a plurality of electrical conductors, preferably two electrical conductors.
  • a plurality of electrical conductors preferably two electrical conductors.
  • another form of contacting can also be selected.
  • a voltage only has to be applied selectively at the two ends of the wire.
  • the laminated glass pane preferably has an external energetic reflection RE>30%.
  • the energetic value RE is calculated according to the ISO 9050 standard.
  • An opaque cover layer is preferably applied in the edge region of the pane, for example in the form of a screen print, so that this screen print circumscribes the field of view of the pane or forms its outer edge.
  • Any busbars and electrical conductors that may be arranged in the edge area of the pane, as well as an optionally provided edge area that is free of coating, are preferably covered by this masking print and are thus optically concealed.
  • the opaque screen print can be applied to any plane of the laminated glass pane.
  • the invention further includes a method for producing a laminated pane according to the invention with a sun protection coating, which includes the following method steps. a) applying a sun protection coating to the inside surface II of the outer pane, or to the outside surface III of the inner pane, or introducing the sun protection coating into the thermoplastic intermediate layer, b) producing a layer stack comprising at least outer pane, thermoplastic intermediate layer and inner pane in this order and c) joining the layer stack comprising at least outer pane, thermoplastic intermediate layer and inner pane to form the composite pane.
  • connection of the outer pane and inner pane to form the laminated glass is preferably carried out after the sun protection coating has been applied.
  • the sun protection coating can withstand high thermal loads, so that it also withstands heat treatment or bending of the panes at temperatures typically in excess of 600 °C without damage.
  • the individual layers of the sun protection coating can be deposited by methods known per se, preferably by cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field, and built up in the appropriate layer thicknesses and layer sequences.
  • the cathode sputtering can take place in a protective gas atmosphere, for example of argon, or in a reactive gas atmosphere, for example by adding oxygen or nitrogen.
  • the individual layers can also be applied by other suitable methods known to those skilled in the art, for example vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be provided in the form of a thermoplastic film.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be in the form of a plurality of films, for example two or more thermoplastic films, optionally an additional carrier film.
  • the application of the sun protection coating to the thermoplastic intermediate layer only includes the application of the sun protection coating to one of the films, for example to the carrier film.
  • the carrier film with a sun protection coating arranged thereon is preferably arranged between two thermoplastic films when the pane is joined to form the laminated glass, with the surface of the sun protection coating facing the outer pane.
  • connection of the outer pane and the inner pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer to form the composite pane is preferably effected by lamination under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure. Methods known per se can be used to produce a laminated pane.
  • the heated, flowable thermoplastic material flows around the solar control coating to create a strong bond and encapsulate the solar control coating within the interlayer, protecting it from damage and the elements.
  • so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours.
  • Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80°C to 110°C.
  • the outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the inner pane can also be pressed into a pane in a calender between at least one pair of rollers. Plants of this type are known for the production of discs and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice.
  • vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the panes are laminated within about 60 minutes, for example, at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80°C to 170°C.
  • the invention also includes the use of the composite pane according to the invention with a sun protection coating in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, for example as a windscreen, rear window, side window and/or roof window, and as a functional individual piece, and in buildings.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a first embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention with a sun protection coating
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention with a sun protection coating
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the laminated pane according to the invention with a sun protection coating
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the structure of a sun protection coating according to the invention applied to the inner pane of the laminated pane and
  • the composite pane 100 can be provided, for example, as a windshield of a passenger car, the outer pane 1 facing the outside environment and the inner pane 2 facing the vehicle interior.
  • the outer pane 1 has an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II).
  • the inner pane 2 has an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV).
  • the outer surfaces (I) and (III) face the outside environment, the inner surfaces (II) and (IV) face the vehicle interior.
  • the inner surface (II) of the outer pane 1 and the outer surface (III) of the inner pane 2 face each other.
  • a sun protection coating 4 is arranged on the inner surface (II) of the outer pane 1 .
  • the sun protection coating 4 extends over the entire inner surface (II), preferably minus a surrounding frame-shaped coating-free area, for example with a width of 8 mm.
  • the coating-free area can then be hermetically sealed to the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 by gluing.
  • the sun protection coating 4 is thus advantageously protected against damage and corrosion.
  • the sun protection coating 4 comprises at least three functional silver layers, each of which has a geometric layer thickness of between 5 nm and 20 nm, with each functional silver layer being arranged between dielectric modules, for example layers made of silicon nitride.
  • the silver layers (Ag1, Ag2, Ag3) of the sun protection coating according to the invention have a relative layer thickness of 1.0 ⁇ Ag1/Ag3 and 1.2 ⁇ Ag2/Ag3 ⁇ 2, where Ag2>Ag1>Ag3 applies.
  • the dielectric modules (M1, M2, M3, M4) have a relative optical layer thickness of M2/M1>1.9, M2/M3>0.8 and M2/M4>2 to one another.
  • the structure according to the invention of the sun protection coating 4 is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4 and the examples and comparative examples explained there.
  • the sun protection coating 4 leads to reduced heating of the vehicle interior and the inner pane 2 due to the reflection of infrared radiation.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the laminated pane 100 according to the invention with sun protection coating 4.
  • the sun protection coating 4 is not on the inner surface (II) of the outer pane 1, but on a carrier film 5 in the intermediate layer 3.
  • Die Carrier film 5 preferably contains or consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and has a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, for example.
  • the sun protection layer 4 according to the invention comprises a layer structure which is explained in more detail with reference to FIG.
  • the carrier film 5 with the sun protection coating 4 is arranged between a first thermoplastic film 3a and a second thermoplastic film 3b.
  • the thermoplastic films 3a and 3b and the carrier layer 5 form the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 in the resulting composite pane.
  • the thermoplastic films 3a and 3b preferably contain or consist of PVB and have a layer thickness of 0.38 mm, for example.
  • the carrier film 5 is somewhat smaller in size than the outer pane 1, the inner pane 2 and the thermoplastic films 3a and 3b.
  • the carrier film 5 is arranged in the composite such that the carrier film 5 does not extend to the lateral edges of the laminated glass.
  • the carrier film 5 is surrounded by the thermoplastic films 3a and 3b in the edge region of the laminated pane, for example with a width of approximately 8 mm.
  • the sun protection coating 4 on the carrier film 5 is thus advantageously protected from damage and, in particular, from corrosion.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the composite pane 100 according to the invention with sun protection coating 4.
  • the sun protection coating 4 is not arranged on the inner surface (II) of the outer pane 1, but on the outer surface (III) of the inner pane 2. wherein a peripheral edge area of the outer surface (III) is not provided with the sun protection coating 4.
  • the sun protection coating 4 is also advantageously protected from damage and corrosion in this embodiment. Furthermore, this embodiment corresponds to the configuration shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structure of a sun protection layer 4 according to the invention.
  • the sun protection coating 4 is applied to the inside III of the inner pane 2 as a substrate.
  • the sun protection coating 4 shown contains three transparent functional silver layers Ag1, Ag2 and Ag3, which are in particular the layers reflecting infrared rays.
  • the functional silver layers have a certain relative thickness to each other, in particular it is provided that for the relative geometric layer thicknesses Ag2>Ag1>Ag3, 1.0 ⁇ Ag1/Ag3 and 1.2 ⁇ Ag2/Ag3 ⁇ 2 apply.
  • the layer thickness of the third silver layer Ag3, which is arranged closest to the outer pane 1, is thinner than the layer thickness of the first silver layer Ag1, which is closest to the inner pane 2, while the second silver layer Ag2, which lies in the layer sequence between the first silver layer Ag1 and the third silver layer Ag3 is the silver layer with the greatest layer thickness.
  • the silver layers can be deposited, for example, by means of cathode sputtering in an argon atmosphere.
  • Dielectric modules M1, M2, M3 and M4 comprising dielectric layers are arranged above, below and between the silver layers Ag1, Ag2 and Ag3. These dielectric modules (M1, M2, M3, M4) preferably have an optical layer thickness M2/M1>1.9, M2/M3>0.8 and M2/M4>2 relative to one another.
  • the dielectric module M1 is therefore arranged below the first silver layer Ag1 directly on the inside III of the inner pane 2, the second dielectric module M2 is arranged above the first silver layer Ag1.
  • the first dielectric module M1 can be constructed, for example, starting from the inner pane 2, as a layer sequence of silicon nitride, ZnSnO x and ZnO layers.
  • the silicon nitride layer can be deposited from silicon nitride in an atmosphere containing nitrogen, and the zinc oxide layer from zinc oxide in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
  • the sun protection coating 4 contains at least one blocker layer, particularly preferably each functional silver layer Ag1, Ag2 Ag3, as shown, is in direct contact with at least one blocker layer B1, B2 and B3.
  • the blocker layers preferably contain at least nickel, chromium or alloys thereof and/or titanium chromium or consist of them.
  • the blocker layers B (B1, B2, B3) are preferably arranged between at least one functional silver layer and at least one dielectric layer. The blocker layers B protect the functional layer during heating, in particular during the production of the laminated pane according to the invention.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following examples according to the invention and comparative examples not according to the invention.
  • the sun protection coating 4 was applied to the outside III of a clear inner pane 2 (Planiclear example) according to FIG. 4 and laminated with a thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 and an outer pane 1 according to the structure of FIG. An untinted PVB sheet was used in the interlayer.
  • the examples and comparative examples have the same basic structure described, but differ in the sun protection coatings used.
  • Examples 1 to 5 according to the invention and comparative examples 1 to 3 not according to the invention were produced as composite panes (windscreens for a vehicle) with the stated sun protection coatings.
  • the stacked structure of the sun protection coating (layers and layer thicknesses) as well as the optical properties of the coating in the finished laminated pane are given for each example and comparative example.
  • the layer sequences and layer thicknesses of the sun protection coatings according to Examples 1 to 5 according to the invention and the comparative examples 1 to 3 shown in comparison thereto are shown in Table 1.
  • the relative layer thicknesses of the silver layers and the dielectric modules, and the values of the optical, electrical and energetic properties are given in Table 2 for Examples 1 to 5 according to the invention and for Comparative Examples 1 to 3 not according to the invention.
  • All layer thicknesses of the silver layers and the layers of the modules are given as geometric layer thicknesses.
  • the relative layer thicknesses of the silver layers given as thickness ratios Ag2/Ag1, Ag2/Ag3 and Ag1/Ag3, relate to the geometric layer thicknesses.
  • the optical thicknesses were used for the relative layer thicknesses of the dielectric modules, given as thickness ratios M2/M1, M2/M3 and M2/M4.
  • TL light transmission
  • RL reflection
  • Table 1 Layer structures of the sun protection coating according to Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3
  • Table 2 Thickness ratios and optical properties in the laminate according to Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3
  • laminated panes with a sun protection coating constructed according to the invention are provided which are improved in terms of energy and electrical properties, thermal and visual comfort and at the same time in terms of aesthetic appearance and could be further optimized compared to known laminated panes with sun protection coatings.
  • a total transmitted thermal radiation (TTS) of less than 45% could be achieved, so that the corresponding frequently asked customer specification can be met.
  • a light transmission TL > 72.5% could be achieved, so that the laminated pane can be used as a windscreen and the legal requirement TL > 70% is also achieved in combination with common wire heaters.
  • an optimal aesthetic appearance is achieved without unwanted color tones in the reflection of the laminated pane.
  • the sun protection coatings according to the invention have a layer resistance of between 1.0 W/sq and 1.5 W/sq and are therefore well suited for heating with a supply voltage of 42 V.
  • Table 3 gives examples of optical and energetic properties of silver coatings with the given thickness ratios of the silver layers in each case. The thickness of the dielectric modules and the order of the layers in the layer stack are identical in each case.
  • Table 3 Overview of the optical properties TL, TTS, RL 60° and the external reflection color at 60° for the different possible thickness ratios of the silver layers Ag1, Ag2 and Ag3
  • good optical and energetic properties and an attractive coloring can only be achieved with the thickness ratios of the silver layers according to the invention, where Ag2>Ag1>Ag3 applies to the thickness of the silver layers.
  • Layers with the following properties are classified as acceptable: TL > 72.5%, TTS ⁇ 45%, RL 60° ⁇ 17.5%.
  • the color coordinates should be as small as possible and particularly preferably have a negative sign.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention using a flowchart, comprising the following steps.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 I providing an outer pane 1, an inner pane 2 and at least one thermoplastic film to form the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3;
  • a sun protection coating 4 according to the invention to the inner surface II of the outer pane 1 or to the outer surface III of the inner pane 2, for example by means of cathode sputtering;
  • III optional: application of busbars to the sun protection coating 4; IV Connecting the inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and the outer surface III of the inner pane 2 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 3 to form the composite pane 100.
  • glass panes are used as the outer pane 1 and as the inner pane 2 .
  • the sun protection coating 4 with the at least three functional silver layers Ag1, Ag2 and Ag3 and the at least four dielectric modules M1, M2, M3 and M4 is applied to the outer surface III of the inner pane 2, preferably by means of cathode sputtering supported by a magnetic field. If the pane is to be heated via the sun protection coating 4, busbars are provided on the sun protection coating 4 before the pane is laminated, and electrical connection cables are attached, which enable electrical contact to be made with the coating.
  • the connection of the outer pane 1 and inner pane 2 via the intermediate layer 3 to form the laminated glass preferably takes place after the sun protection coating 4 has been applied.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 3a thermoplastic film

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une vitre composite (100) comprenant une vitre extérieure (1) ayant une surface externe (I) et une surface interne (II), une vitre intérieure (2) ayant une surface externe (III) et une surface interne (IV), et une couche intermédiaire thermoplastique (3) qui relie la surface interne (II) de la vitre extérieure (1) à la surface externe (III) de la vitre intérieure (2), la vitre composite (100) présentant au moins un revêtement pare-soleil (4) entre la vitre extérieure (1) et la vitre intérieure (2), ledit revêtement pare-soleil (4) comprenant, à partir de la vitre intérieure (2) dans la direction de la vitre extérieure (1), une séquence de couches constituée de - un premier module diélectrique (M1), - une première couche d'argent (Ag1), - un second module diélectrique (M2), - une seconde couche d'argent (Ag2), - un troisième module diélectrique (M3), -une troisième couche d'argent (Ag3), - un quatrième module diélectrique (M4), les couches d'qrgent (Ag1, Ag2, Ag3) ayant, les unes par rapport aux autres, une épaisseur de couche géométrique d'Ag2 > Ag1 > Ag3, et les couches d'qrgent du revêtement pare-soleil (Ag1, Ag2, Ag3) ayant une épaisseur de couche géométrique relative de 1,0 < Ag1/Ag3 et 1,2 < Ag2/Ag3 <2.
EP21811386.8A 2020-11-27 2021-11-23 Vitre composite comprenant un revêtement pare-soleil Pending EP4251418A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP20210321 2020-11-27
PCT/EP2021/082665 WO2022112242A1 (fr) 2020-11-27 2021-11-23 Vitre composite comprenant un revêtement pare-soleil

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EP4251418A1 true EP4251418A1 (fr) 2023-10-04

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US (1) US20230415458A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4251418A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2023550516A (fr)
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CN (1) CN114829137A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022112242A1 (fr)

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US6734396B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-05-11 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Heatable vehicle window with different voltages in different heatable zones
FR2862961B1 (fr) 2003-11-28 2006-02-17 Saint Gobain Substrat transparent utilisable alternativement ou cumulativement pour le controle thermique, le blindage electromagnetique et le vitrage chauffant.
US7335421B2 (en) 2005-07-20 2008-02-26 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Heatable windshield
EA026887B1 (ru) 2012-01-10 2017-05-31 Сэн-Гобэн Гласс Франс Прозрачное оконное стекло с электропроводным покрытием и способ изготовления указанного стекла
ES2621478T3 (es) 2012-01-10 2017-07-04 Saint-Gobain Glass France Luna transparente con recubrimiento conductor de electricidad
CN110650844A (zh) 2018-04-26 2020-01-03 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 具有导电涂层和防反射涂层的复合玻璃板
KR102589372B1 (ko) 2018-11-09 2023-10-16 쌩-고벵 글래스 프랑스 p-편광 방사선을 갖는 헤드업 디스플레이(HUD)를 위한 프로젝션 장치
CN111433022B (zh) 2018-11-09 2023-01-13 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 用于利用p偏振辐射的平视显示器(HUD)的投影装置

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CN114829137A (zh) 2022-07-29
JP2023550516A (ja) 2023-12-01
US20230415458A1 (en) 2023-12-28
KR20230086730A (ko) 2023-06-15

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