EP4237371A1 - Dispositif pour la preparation d'un fluide par reaction catalytique comprenant un recuperateur - Google Patents
Dispositif pour la preparation d'un fluide par reaction catalytique comprenant un recuperateurInfo
- Publication number
- EP4237371A1 EP4237371A1 EP21794183.0A EP21794183A EP4237371A1 EP 4237371 A1 EP4237371 A1 EP 4237371A1 EP 21794183 A EP21794183 A EP 21794183A EP 4237371 A1 EP4237371 A1 EP 4237371A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- zone
- temperature
- hydrogen
- branched
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/003—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using thermochemical reactions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible storage of hydrogen, e.g. by hydrogen getters or electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible storage of hydrogen, e.g. by hydrogen getters or electrodes characterised by the uptaking media; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0015—Organic compounds, e.g. liquid organic hydrogen carriers [LOHC] or metalorganic compounds; Solutions thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0022—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for chemical reactors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for the preparation of a fluid by catalytic reaction from a storage fluid, comprising a recuperator, but also the use of said device for the preparation of said fluid, and a process for the preparation of said fluid using a recoverer.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing said device.
- the present invention also relates to new organic hydrogen-carrying liquids (LOHCs), as well as the corresponding LOHC/dehydrogenated LOHC pairs.
- LOHCs organic hydrogen-carrying liquids
- the invention also relates to their uses for the transport and storage of hydrogen, and the hydrogen generation processes using them.
- Hydrogen Containing the highest energy density per unit mass and producing only water when burned or oxidized in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, hydrogen is considered one of the most efficient and efficient candidates. the most environmentally friendly as a future fuel. Hydrogen is a very energetic compound compared to conventional fossil fuels and burns in air at widely varying concentrations (including 5% to 75%).
- organic compounds such as formic acid, methanol-water, formaldehyde-water mixtures, and carbohydrates
- LOHC organic liquid hydrogen carriers
- the present invention makes it possible in particular to appreciably limit the energy necessary to release the fluid from its source, which increases the energy efficiency linked to said fluid, and when an on-board system is considered, the autonomy of the vehicle wearing.
- hydrogen is attached to the hydrogen-poor organic liquid (dehydrogenated LOHC) through a hydrogenation reaction to produce a hydrogen-rich organic liquid (hydrogenated LOHC) which should be a stable liquid under ambient conditions and therefore transportable and storable.
- the hydrogen-rich organic liquid is then dehydrogenated in a second reaction to regenerate the hydrogen and the hydrogen-poor organic liquid.
- these LOHCs are therefore capable of being hydrogenated and dehydrogenated reversibly in the presence of a catalyst.
- LOHCs are aromatic hydrocarbons and heteroaromatic compounds of the carbazole family.
- the aromatic hydrocarbons are most particularly benzene, toluene, naphthalene, biphenyl derivatives, benzyltoluenes including dibenzyltoluenes (DBT). They form, in their hydrogenated form, cyclic alkanes.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide new hydrogenated organic liquids capable of generating, by catalytic dehydrogenation, hydrogen contents by mass and volume which are satisfactory or even higher than those generated by certain conventional LOHCs, including at least one of the compounds of the dehydrogenated LOHC/LOHC pair hydrogenated can be synthesized from a biosourced, renewable resource, such as wood lignin, for example.
- Another object of the invention is to provide new hydrogenated organic liquids which can be dehydrogenated by reactions which can be at least partially catalyzed by more available metals, which makes it possible in particular to reduce the use of catalysts based on noble metals, and therefore savings.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide hydrogenated LOHCs whose dehydrogenated counterparts have the ability to hydrogenate catalytically and reversibly, as well as dehydrogenated LOHCs having the ability to hydrogenate catalytically and reversibly to these hydrogenated LOHCs.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a process for the dehydrogenation of these new hydrogenated organic liquids which is efficient, with high conversion, and selective (to avoid any degradation of the LOHC) while using fewer catalysts based on noble metals. .
- the invention relates to a device for the preparation of a second fluid by catalytic reaction from a first fluid, source of said second fluid, the device comprising at least one inlet (1) of the first fluid communicating with one or more first columns (2), which also communicate with at least one outlet (6) of the second fluid, and with one or more second columns (7), which also communicate with at least one outlet (10) of the first fluid discharged from the second fluid, the first column(s) (2) comprising a zone (4) for heating the first fluid, in contact with one or several external heating means, said zone (4) also being a heterogeneous catalysis zone (5) or followed by a heterogeneous catalysis zone (5), characterized in that the second column or columns (7) comprise a zone ( 8) comprising one or more heat exchangers (9) serving as a heat source for a zone (3) for heating the first fluid of the first column(s) (2), said zone (3) preceding or merging with said zone ( 4).
- zones (3) and (4) coincide.
- this zone (3,4) of one or more columns (2) is a zone for heating the first fluid both by the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at the end of step iii) , using one or more heat exchangers, and by one or more external heating means.
- one or more elements of the heat exchanger(s) can also play the role of external heating means, in particular by Joule effect, by being connected to an electrical source.
- zones (4) and (5) coincide.
- this zone (4.5) of one or more columns (2) comprises the catalyst as well as one or more external heating means.
- zones (3), (4) and (5) coincide.
- this zone (3,4,5) of one or more columns (2) comprises the catalyst and is also a zone for heating the first fluid both by the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at the from step iii), using one or more heat exchangers, and by one or more external heating means.
- the external heating means or means are for example chosen from electrical resistors and heating means by combustion of dihydrogen.
- the catalyst of heterogeneous catalysis zone (5) consists of or contains one or more catalysts based on copper, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, or ruthenium.
- the catalyst of heterogeneous catalysis zone (5) is a fixed-bed catalyst, or a catalyst deposited on the surface of said zone (5).
- the heterogeneous catalysis zone (5) consists of or comprises a fixed bed of catalyst, or said catalyst deposited on all or part of its surface(s).
- the section of the first column(s) (2) has an area ranging from 0.5 mm 2 to 10 cm 2 .
- the invention relates to a process for manufacturing the device as defined herein, in which the heat exchanger(s) (9) are obtained by 3D printing.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the device as defined above, comprising a step of manufacturing the heat exchanger(s) (9) by 3D printing.
- the elements of the device other than the heat exchanger(s) (9) can be manufactured by any technique well known to those skilled in the art.
- the 3D printing is 3D printing by selective laser sintering (SLS), by selective laser melting (SLM), by electron beam melting (EBM), or by binder sputtering (BJ) .
- SLS selective laser sintering
- SLM selective laser melting
- EBM electron beam melting
- BJ binder sputtering
- the invention relates to the use of a device as defined previously for preparing by catalytic reaction a second fluid from a first fluid, source of said second fluid.
- This use can in particular take place on board a vehicle, in particular when the second fluid is dihydrogen.
- the device according to the invention is then said to be embedded.
- first fluid discharged from the second fluid can in particular be recharged with dihydrogen according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example using dihydrogen produced by electrolysis of water.
- This first fluid discharged from the second fluid can also be stored, once it has left the device of the invention, in an adiabatic storage means, before recharging.
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a second fluid from a first fluid, source of said second fluid, by at least one generally endothermic chemical reaction, comprising:
- step iii a step of converting said first fluid by said chemical reaction, in contact with a heterogeneous catalyst, to obtain said second fluid as well as the first fluid discharged from the second fluid, at a temperature TD lower than the temperature Te;
- step iii a step for recovering the second fluid obtained in step iii); the partial or complete heating of step i) being carried out with the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at the end of step iii), as a heat source, using one or more heat exchangers.
- the method according to the invention is a method in which step i) and step ii) are combined, so as to constitute a step of heating the first fluid from a temperature TA to a temperature Te, the heating being carried out with as heat source at the same time:
- the method according to the invention comprises:
- step iv a step of recovering the second fluid obtained in step iii) via the outlet (10) of said second fluid, and the first fluid discharged from the second fluid via one or more second columns (7); the partial or complete heating of step i) being carried out with as heat source the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at Tissue from step iii) in a zone (8) of the second column or columns (7), using one or more heat exchangers (9).
- the method according to the invention is a method in which step i) and step ii) are combined, so as to constitute a step of heating the first fluid from a temperature TA to a temperature Te in a zone (3,4) of one or more columns (2) communicating with at least one inlet (1) of the first fluid, the heating being carried out with as heat source both: - the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at the end of step iii), using one or more heat exchangers; and
- the first fluid is a liquid or a gas, in particular a liquid
- the second fluid is a gas
- the first discharged fluid is a liquid
- the second fluid preferably being dihydrogen
- the first fluid is an organic hydrogen-carrying liquid (LOHC), and the second fluid being dihydrogen.
- LOHC organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- the first fluid is an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid chosen from dibenzyltoluene (DBT), AZ-ethylcarbazolc (NEC), l,2-dihydro-l,2-azaborine (AB), acid formic (FA), naphthalene (NAP), toluene (TOL), acetophenone perhydrogens.
- DBT dibenzyltoluene
- NEC AZ-ethylcarbazolc
- AB l,2-dihydro-l,2-azaborine
- FA acid formic
- NAP naphthalene
- TOL toluene
- acetophenone perhydrogens acetophenone perhydrogens
- the first fluid is a gas
- the second fluid is dihydrogen
- the first discharged fluid is a liquid.
- 1-cyclohexylethanol whose boiling point is 190°C
- acetophenone boiling point 200°C
- the temperature TD is approximately 195°C.
- the invention relates to a method in which the first fluid is an organic hydrogen-carrying liquid (LOHC) and the second fluid is dihydrogen, and in which said dihydrogen is obtained at a flow rate of 1 at 50000 g.min -1 , in particular from 1 to 50 g.min -1 or from 1000 to 50000 g. min 1 , more particularly about 20 or about 20,000 g.min 1 .
- LOHC organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- the invention relates to a method in which the first fluid is an organic liquid hydrogen carrier (LOHC) and the second fluid is dihydrogen, and in which the enthalpy of the chemical reaction of the stage iii) is greater than or equal to 10 kJ.mol ⁇ 1 , in particular comprised from 10 to 120 kJ.mol ⁇ 1 , more particularly approximately 60 kJ.mol 1 .
- LOHC organic liquid hydrogen carrier
- the invention relates to a method in which the first fluid is an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) and the second fluid is dihydrogen, and in which the temperature TA is in particular the ambient temperature, the temperature TB is between 200 and 300°C, upper limit excluded, in particular around 284°C, the temperature Te is between 300 and 375°C, in particular around 350°C, the temperature TD is between from room temperature to 100°C, in particular about 69°C.
- the first fluid is a liquid or a gas
- the second fluid is a gas
- the first discharged fluid is a gas.
- the first fluid being in particular NH3, and the second fluid being dihydrogen, and the first fluid discharged from dinitrogen.
- the first fluid being in particular methanol, and the second fluid being dihydrogen, and the first fluid discharged carbon dioxide.
- the first fluid is a gas
- the second fluid is a liquid
- the catalyst consists of or contains one or more catalysts based on copper, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, or ruthenium.
- the catalyst is a fixed-bed catalyst, or a catalyst deposited on the surface of the zone where step iii takes place), for example the catalysis zone of one or more columns.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing the method as defined above.
- the invention relates to an organic liquid hydrogen carrier (LOHC) of formula (I) below: where: n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups;
- LOHC organic liquid hydrogen carrier
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular methyl, O-alkyl groups linear or branched C1 to C4, in particular O-methyl, the groups -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular the group -N(Me)2.
- LOHC organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- Ia organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- R1 is H, a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, or a Y group.
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular methyl, O-alkyl groups linear or branched C1 to C4, in particular O-methyl, the groups -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular the group -N(Me)2.
- the compounds of formula (I) and (la) preferably have a volumetric density of hydrogen varying from 50 g/L to 70 g/L and/or a mass content of hydrogen varying from 6% to 6.5%.
- volumetric density is calculated for 1 liter of hydrogenated vector by the formula (1): zg ⁇ mass H2 released by the hydrogenated LOHC (g)
- X is a perhydrogenated aryl group, X being in particular a cyclohexyl group.
- X is a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, X being chosen in particular from the piperidinyl, piperazinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl and hexahydropyridazinyl groups.
- n 0, 1 or 2.
- Ri is H or methyl
- the invention relates to an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid in which: Ri is H;
- Ri is a group Y;
- X is a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1 to C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups; and/or n is 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- the hydrogen-bearing organic liquid according to the invention is chosen from 1-cyclohexylethanol, cyclohexylmethanol, (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol, dicyclohexylcarbinol, and 3-cyclohexylpropanol-l-ol.
- the hydrogen-bearing organic liquid according to the invention is not 1-cyclohexylethanol.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one compound of formula (I) below, as organic liquid hydrogen carrier (LOHC): x ⁇ k- OH
- n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups;
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular methyl, O-alkyl groups linear or branched C1 to C4, in particular O-methyl, the groups -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular the group -N(Me)2.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one compound of formula (la) below, as an organic liquid hydrogen carrier (LOHC): in which : n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- LOHC organic liquid hydrogen carrier
- R1 is H, a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, or a Y group.
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular methyl, O-alkyl groups linear or branched C1 to C4, in particular O-methyl, the groups -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular the group -N(Me)2.
- the invention relates to the use of at least one compound of formula (I) or (Ia), as LOHC for the transport and storage of hydrogen.
- the invention also relates to a pair of a hydrogenated organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) and a dehydrogenated LOHC, the hydrogenated LOHC being of the following formula (I), and the dehydrogenated LOHC being of formula (II): where: n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups; R1 is H, a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, or a Y group,
- X is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group X', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group Y', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1 to C4 O-alkyl groups, groups - NRaRb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- X' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups.
- the invention also relates to a couple of a hydrogenated organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) and a dehydrogenated LOHC, the hydrogenated LOHC being of the following formula (Ia), and the dehydrogenated LOHC being of formula (IIa): x « OH
- R1 is H, a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, or a Y group,
- X is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group X', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group Y', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- R'i is Ri, when Ri is H or a linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl group; or a group Y',
- X' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups.
- the compounds of formula (I) and (Ia) and/or of formula (II) and (IIa) have in particular the advantage of being able to be, essentially, biosourced.
- one of the routes to obtain these compounds may relate to the processing of lignin.
- This treatment can be by oxidation (J. Zakzesk and al., Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 3552-3599), by thermolysis (J. Zakzesk and al., Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 3552-3599, M. P. Pandey and al., Chem. Eng. Technol. 2011, 34, No. 1, 29-41) or by enzymatic synthesis (R. Rahmanpour and al., Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2015, 29:10-17).
- cinnamaldehyde This product is a major component present in the essential oil of Cassia and/or cinnamon, bark and leaf (Dayan Tao and al., J. For. Res. 27, 707-717 (2016); IN Jardim and al. , J Pest Sci 91, 479-487 (2016), Y. Shih and al., Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 19186-19201). It is also possible to obtain this compound by enzymatic synthesis of L-phenylalanine, a proteinogenic amino acid (Bang et al., Microb Cell Fact (2016) 15:16, J.-Q.
- the cinnamaldehyde thus obtained can for example be used to synthesize benzaldehyde (US4673766A, US4727058A). Cinnamic acid, resulting from the oxidation of cinnamaldehyde, can lead to acetophenone by enzymatic action of Mucor-type fungi (Zuohui Zhang et al., World J Microbiol Biotechnol (2011) 27:2133-2137).
- the compounds of formula (I) or (Ia), hydrogenated are capable of being dehydrogenated to produce, in addition to the corresponding compounds of formula (II) or (IIa), hydrogen.
- the compounds of formula (II) or (IIa), dehydrogenated, are in turn capable of regenerating by catalytic hydrogenation the corresponding compounds of formula (I) or (Ia), according to the invention.
- the pair according to the invention is chosen from the following pairs:
- the pair according to the invention is not the 1-Cyclohexylethanol/Acetophenone pair.
- the invention also relates to a process for generating hydrogen comprising at least one stage of catalytic dehydrogenation of an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) of formula (I) or (Ia) as defined above .
- LOHC organic hydrogen-bearing liquid
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out in the presence of one or more catalysts based on copper, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, or nickel.
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out in a reactor, in particular in a reactor comprising the catalyst in a fixed bed.
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out in a reactor of the batch, semi-batch or continuous type.
- the compound (I) according to the invention is preheated to the reaction temperature, and in particular injected into a reactor. At the outlet of the reactor, the liquids produced are separated from the hydrogen by gas/liquid separation.
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out at a temperature comprised from 80 to 320° C., and/or at a pressure comprised from 0.8 to 2 bar.
- the process according to the present invention comprises a first stage of dehydrogenation in the presence of one or more catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Rh, Mn, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, Mn, Re, and their mixtures, in particular Cu, then a second stage of dehydrogenation in the presence of one or more catalysts based on platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, or mixtures thereof.
- said first dehydrogenation step in the presence of one or more catalysts chosen from catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, Mn, Re, and their mixtures, in particular Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, and their mixtures, in particular Cu.
- catalysts chosen from catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, Mn, Re, and their mixtures, in particular Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, and their mixtures, in particular Cu.
- the said catalyst(s) are in particular those on oxides, in particular metal oxides, in particular of Ce, Al, Zn, Mg, Zr, Zn, V, Cr, Sn, Ti, Si, and mixtures thereof, more particularly ternary or quaternary oxides ; on ores such as hydrolactite or hydroxyapatite; on sulfur compounds; on boron nitride, in particular hexagonal (hBN); or on a carbon support, for example graphene (reduced or not) or activated carbon (C).
- Homogeneous catalysts clamps based on Ru, Rh, Ir, Fe, Mn can also be grafted onto metal oxides and serve as catalysts for the reaction.
- the said catalyst or catalysts are on SiCl, Al2O3, MgO, ZrO2, ZnO, CeCl, TiCh, C, or hBN.
- said first dehydrogenation step in the presence of one or more catalysts chosen from catalysts based on copper or nickel, for example catalysts Cu/ZnO/AhOs/MgC), Cu/CeO 2 , Cu/ZrO 2 , Cu/MgO, Ni/Al 2 O 3 , Cu/C, and Cu/hBN.
- said second dehydrogenation step in the presence of one or more catalysts chosen from catalysts based on platinum, palladium, ruthenium, or nickel.
- the said catalyst(s) are in particular those on oxides, in particular metal oxides, in particular of Ce, Al, Zn, Mg, Zr, Zn, V, Cr, Sn, Ti, Si, and mixtures thereof, more particularly ternary or quaternary oxides ; on ores such as hydrolactite or hydroxyapatite; on sulfur compounds; on boron nitride, in particular hexagonal (hBN); or on a carbon support, for example graphene (reduced or not) or activated carbon (C).
- oxides in particular metal oxides, in particular of Ce, Al, Zn, Mg, Zr, Zn, V, Cr, Sn, Ti, Si, and mixtures thereof, more particularly ternary or quaternary oxides ; on ores such as hydrolactite or hydroxyapatite; on sulfur compounds; on boron nitride, in particular hexagonal (hBN); or on a carbon support, for example graphene (reduced or not) or
- said second dehydrogenation step in the presence of one or more catalysts chosen from the catalysts Pt/Al 2 O 3 , Pd/Al 2 O 3 , Pt/C, Pt/CeO 2 , Pt/MgO, Pt/ZrO 2 , RU/A1 2 O 3 , Pd/C, Ru/C, Pt/hBN , and Ni/Al 2 O 3 .
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out in the presence of a base, in particular an alkali metal hydroxide, more particularly NaOH, LiOH or KOH.
- a base in particular an alkali metal hydroxide, more particularly NaOH, LiOH or KOH.
- the dehydrogenation is in particular carried out in a single step, in particular in the presence of one or more catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Rh, Mn, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, and/or Re, in particular Cu, and one or more catalysts based on platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, or ruthenium.
- the invention also relates to a method for regenerating a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) from a compound of formula (II) or (IIa) as defined above, the process comprising a stage of catalytic hydrogenation of said compound of formula (II) or (IIa).
- This step can be carried out: in the presence of a mixture of catalysts, comprising: o a catalyst chosen from catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, and/or Mo, in particular supported on metal oxides such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 , ZnO, CeO 2 , FeOx and/or graphite; and clamp homogeneous catalysts based on Ru, Pd, Pt, Au, Ir, Fe, Rh, in particular grafted onto metal oxides; and o A catalyst based on Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru, Rh, Ir, in particular supported on metal oxides such as SiO 2 , A1 2 O 3 or on graphite; in the presence of a catalyst based on Pt or Ni-Cr.
- a catalyst chosen from catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, and/or Mo in particular supported on metal oxides
- said compound of formula (II) or (IIa) is preheated within a reactor, to a temperature which can vary from 100° C. to 260° C., then mixed with hydrogen at the reaction pressure and the The whole is injected into a fixed bed reactor, loaded with catalyst.
- the hydrogen and the compound of formula (II) or (IIa) can also be fed directly separately into the reactor.
- the energy released by the reaction in the form of heat can be advantageously used to preheat the reactants.
- the liquids produced are separated from the unreacted hydrogen by a gas/liquid separation.
- the processes can be operated in batch or semi-batch reactors or even continuously in “slurry”, “trickle bed”, fluidized bed or fixed bed type reactors.
- the hydrogenation reaction is carried out at a temperature varying from 100 to 300°C, preferably from 100 to 260°C.
- the pressure can vary from 10 to 280 bar (or 1 to 28 MPa).
- the pressure/temperature couple can be adjusted according to the nature of the dehydrogenated LOHC/hydrogenated LOHC couple.
- the choice of catalyst is generally made taking into account the nature of the dehydrogenated LOHC/hydrogenated LOHC pair considered.
- the invention relates to a method for transporting and/or storing hydrogen, characterized in that it uses at least one compound of formula (I) or (Ia) as defined above.
- the compounds of formula (I) or (la) according to the invention can be used in particular in devices for converting electrochemical energy or by combustion or in hydrogenation processes as a renewable source of hydrogen or even as fuel.
- the present invention relates to the use, in particular in devices for converting electrochemical energy or by combustion, of at least one compound of formula (I) or (Ia) according to the invention.
- the compound of formula (I) or (Ia) can be transported and stored to the place of use of the hydrogen, then converted by dehydrogenation into a compound of formula (II) or (IIa) and into hydrogen.
- the hydrogen produced can then be used as a reagent in an industrial process (hydrodesulfurization, hydrogenation of various compounds, recovery of CO2 in gaseous or liquid fuels, etc.).
- the hydrogen produced can also be used as a carbon-free energy carrier either by combustion or by supplying an electrochemical energy conversion device.
- liquid properties of these organic compounds make them good candidates for use as fuels for heat engines or electrochemical energy conversion devices.
- the LOHC can be stored in order to be subsequently discharged in exchange for a hydrogenated LOHC in accordance with the invention.
- the invention also relates to the following points.
- Hydrogen-bearing organic liquid (LOHC) of formula (I) below:
- n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups;
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched O-alkyl groups C1 to C4, the groups -NR has Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups.
- X is a perhydrogenated aryl group, X being in particular a cyclohexyl group;
- X is a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, X being chosen in particular from piperidinyl, piperazinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl and hexahydropyridazinyl groups.
- Ri is H or methyl.
- Hydrogen-bearing organic liquid as defined previously which is chosen from 1-cyclohexylethanol, cyclohexylmethanol, (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol, dicyclohexylcarbinol, and 3-cyclohexylpropanol-1-ol.
- n 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups;
- X is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group X', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NRaRb groups, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups;
- Y is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group Y', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- X' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups.
- Process for generating hydrogen comprising at least one stage of catalytic dehydrogenation of an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) of formula (I) as defined previously.
- LOHC organic hydrogen-bearing liquid
- Process as defined above comprising a first stage of dehydrogenation in the presence of one or more catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, Mn , Re, and their mixtures, in particular Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, and their mixtures, in particular of copper, then a second stage of dehydrogenation in the presence of one or more catalysts based on platinum, palladium , iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, or nickel.
- the term "about” refers to an interval of values within ⁇ 10% of a specific value.
- the expression “about 20” includes values of 20 ⁇ 10%, i.e. values of 18 to 22.
- the percentages refer to percentages by mass with respect to the total mass of the formulation, unless otherwise indicated.
- value ranges in the form of "x-y” or “from x to y” or “between x and y” include the x and y bounds as well as the integers between these bounds.
- “1-5”, or “from 1 to 5" or “between 1 and 5" designates the integers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
- Preferred embodiments include each integer taken individually in the range of values, as well as any sub-combination of these integers.
- preferred values for "1-5" may include the integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2 -4, 2-5, etc.
- fluid in particular a liquid or a gas.
- source of the second fluid is meant in particular a chemical compound being the starting product of the catalytic reaction producing the second fluid as well as the first fluid discharged from the second fluid.
- an element A communicating with an element B we mean in particular an element A linked to an element B by any means suitable for the circulation of the fluid, for example liquid or gas, between the element A and the element B.
- catalysis zone in particular a zone in which is present the catalyst necessary for the catalytic reaction producing the second fluid as well as the first fluid discharged from the second fluid.
- alkyl denotes a straight or branched chain, in particular straight, alkyl group having the number of carbon atoms indicated before said term, in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, etc.
- C1-C4 alkyl designates an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The same is true for the term “alkane”.
- arene means a mono- or bicyclic, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring system having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring. Examples include benzene and naphthalene. Preferred arenes include unsubstituted or substituted benzene and naphthalene. Included in the definition of "arene” are fused ring systems, including, for example, ring systems in which an aromatic ring is fused to a cycloalkyl ring. Examples of such fused ring systems include, for example, indan, indene and tetrahydronaphthalene.
- heteroene means a ring aromatic system containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms in which one or more ring carbon atoms are replaced by at least one heteroatom such as -O-, -N - or -S-, in particular -N- and/or -O-.
- heteroarenes examples include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, thiazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, oxazole, oxathiol, oxadiazole, triazole, oxatriazole, furazan, tetrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, indole, isoindole, indazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, purine, quinazoline, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzoimidazole, benzothiazole, benzothiophene, thianaphthene, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole, cinnoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine and quinoxaline.
- fused ring systems including, for example, ring systems in which an aromatic ring is fused to a heterocycloalkyl ring.
- fused ring systems include, for example, phthalamide, phthalic anhydride, indoline, isoindoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, chromane, isochromane, chromene and isochromene.
- Figure 1 shows an example of a device according to the invention.
- the device comprising an inlet (1) of the first fluid communicating with the first column (2).
- This first column (2) includes:
- the first column (2) communicates with the outlet (6) of the second fluid and the second column (7), here combined.
- the separation of the second fluid and the first fluid discharged from the second fluid, optional, is not shown in Figure 1.
- the second column (7) comprises a zone (8) comprising one or more heat exchangers (9), not shown here, serving as a heat source for the zone (3) for heating the first fluid of the first column (2).
- the second column (7) communicates with the outlet (10) of the first fluid discharged from the second fluid, here merged with the outlet (6) of the second fluid, as mentioned previously.
- Example 1 A system was considered operating with perhydrogenated DBT (di-benzyl toluene) as organic hydrogen-carrying liquid (LOHC), and a target tk flow rate of 20 g/min.
- LOHC organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- the H2 mass loading rate is 6.2%, thus the flow rate of loaded LOHC required is 323 g/min.
- the system related parameters are as follows:
- the use of the device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to heat the LOHC without external energy input from 20° C. to 284° C., thus making it possible to save 2.2 kW of heat out of the 12.6 kW necessary to discharge the Eh of the LOHC, a substantial gain of 17%.
- Example 2 hydrogenated LOHCs of the invention
- the compounds according to the invention have in particular a mass hydrogen storage content of between 4 and 8% relative to their total weight. They are thus able to generate, by catalytic dehydrogenation, hydrogen contents by mass and by volume that are satisfactory or even higher than those generated by certain conventional LOHCs.
- Example 3 Two-step dehydrogenation of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention
- the 2-step dehydrogenation is carried out as follows:
- 1-Cyclohexylethanol is first selectively converted to acetylcyclohexane through a Cu/ZnO/AhCL/MgO catalyst, then acetylcyclohexane is converted to acetophenone through a Pt/C catalyst.
- reaction conditions are collated in the following table:
- reaction conditions are collated in the following table:
- the two-step approach makes it possible to ensure the selectivity of the reaction: blocking of the formation of impurities, in particular after 14 min of retention.
- the one-step dehydrogenation of 1-Cylohexylethanol to Acetophenone was also carried out, under the conditions indicated below:
- Partial and total dehydrogenation can be obtained.
- Several impurities are present and only 4 could be identified by GCMS: ethylbenzene, ethylcyclohexane, 1,3-Dicyclohexylbutane and 1,3-Diphenylbutane are present.
- the one-step approach does not make it possible to ensure the selectivity of the reaction: there is formation of numerous impurities after 14 min of retention.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2011024A FR3115590B1 (fr) | 2020-10-28 | 2020-10-28 | Dispositif pour la preparation d’un fluide par reaction catalytique comprenant un recuperateur |
| FR2108372A FR3125812B1 (fr) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | Nouveaux liquides organiques porteurs d'hydrogene, leurs utilisations pour le transport et le stockage d’hydrogene, et les procedes de generation d’hydrogene les utilisant |
| PCT/EP2021/079890 WO2022090345A1 (fr) | 2020-10-28 | 2021-10-27 | Dispositif pour la preparation d'un fluide par reaction catalytique comprenant un recuperateur |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4237371A1 true EP4237371A1 (fr) | 2023-09-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21794183.0A Withdrawn EP4237371A1 (fr) | 2020-10-28 | 2021-10-27 | Dispositif pour la preparation d'un fluide par reaction catalytique comprenant un recuperateur |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4237371A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022090345A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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| FR3125812B1 (fr) * | 2021-07-30 | 2025-09-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Nouveaux liquides organiques porteurs d'hydrogene, leurs utilisations pour le transport et le stockage d’hydrogene, et les procedes de generation d’hydrogene les utilisant |
| DE102022207659A1 (de) | 2022-07-26 | 2024-02-01 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Wasserstoffspeichersystem sowie Verwendung eines derartigen Wasserstoffspeichersystems zur katalytischen Hydrierung und/oder zur katalytischen Dehydrierung |
| CN115196593B (zh) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-10-01 | 中科弘业(广东)氢能科技有限公司 | 制氢设备 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3179500A (en) * | 1961-04-24 | 1965-04-20 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Hydrogen generation and purification system |
| US3186872A (en) * | 1962-02-12 | 1965-06-01 | Ewing Bland | Continuous gas concentration cell energy conversion |
| JPS6172995A (ja) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-04-15 | Tokyo Daigaku | 熱エネルギ−の高次利用方法 |
| US4567033A (en) * | 1984-10-25 | 1986-01-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Low-energy method for freeing chemically bound hydrogen |
| US4727058A (en) | 1985-09-26 | 1988-02-23 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Process for preparing natural benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde, natural benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde compositions, products produced thereby and organoleptic utilities therefor |
| US4673766A (en) | 1986-04-25 | 1987-06-16 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Method of producing benzaldehyde |
-
2021
- 2021-10-27 EP EP21794183.0A patent/EP4237371A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-10-27 WO PCT/EP2021/079890 patent/WO2022090345A1/fr not_active Ceased
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