EP4235074A1 - Echangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4235074A1
EP4235074A1 EP23153533.7A EP23153533A EP4235074A1 EP 4235074 A1 EP4235074 A1 EP 4235074A1 EP 23153533 A EP23153533 A EP 23153533A EP 4235074 A1 EP4235074 A1 EP 4235074A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tubes
exchange medium
fuel cell
dehumidifier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23153533.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marius Jessen
Tim Kullmann
Jannis KRANZ
Per Nicolai Clausen
Dennis Ruser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp AG, ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH filed Critical ThyssenKrupp AG
Publication of EP4235074A1 publication Critical patent/EP4235074A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1653—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having a square or rectangular shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0075—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with particular circuits for the same heat exchange medium, e.g. with the same heat exchange medium flowing through sections having different heat exchange capacities or for heating or cooling the same heat exchange medium at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F28D7/0091—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium the supplementary medium flowing in series through the units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular a heat exchanger which can be used in a modular manner for a dehumidifier.
  • Fuel cell devices are currently being used increasingly in non-nuclear submarines to increase submerged operational capability.
  • An important form here is the recirculation fuel cell.
  • the gas flowing in the recirculation circuit must be dehumidified.
  • the gas is cooled in a first heat exchanger and water is thus condensed out.
  • the gas is reheated in a second heat exchanger so that it flows into the fuel cell at the same operating temperature as possible, which minimizes aging of the membrane in particular.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger which can be used in particular in a dehumidifier of a recirculation circuit of a recirculation fuel cell on board a submarine.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention has a rectangular basic shape.
  • the heat exchanger can be cuboid, in particular cube-shaped.
  • the basic shape refers to the interior area through which the flow occurs. On the outside, necessary formations can be arranged, in particular for the assembly of further components.
  • the inner area can have inlet and/or outlet areas attached to the rectangular basic shape.
  • the heat exchanger has a first side and a second side of the basic rectangular shape, the first side and the second side being opposite. Thus, the first side and the second side are parallel to each other. Tubes are arranged between the first side and the second side.
  • Such a heat exchanger is also referred to as a tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • the tubes have an elliptical cross section.
  • an ellipse the sum of the distances between an ellipse point, i.e. a point on the surface (here the tube) and two given points, the focal points, is the same for all points.
  • the ellipse thus represents a special form of the oval.
  • the elliptical shape optimizes the flow resistance for a gas flowing through the heat exchanger, while at the same time there is effective heat exchange with the heat exchange medium flowing in the tubes.
  • the oval shape optimizes its use in a cooling heat exchanger, where condensation occurs. Due to the elliptical shape, the condensate is drained downwards so that dehumidification in countercurrent is possible.
  • the advantage of the elliptical shape is that the flow direction is independent of the symmetry. Such a heat exchanger can thus be used particularly efficiently in a modular design.
  • all the main axes of the elliptical tubes are arranged in parallel. All main axes are preferably perpendicular to the first side and to the second side.
  • a distributor head for introducing a heat exchange medium can be arranged on the first side of the heat exchanger and a collecting head for removing the heat exchange medium can be arranged on the second side of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger and the distributor head and the heat exchanger and the collector head can be connected to one another by screwing or welding.
  • This separate construction is particularly useful for a modular design. Furthermore, this enables installation or replacement, especially in cramped surroundings, for example and in particular in the case of a fuel cell device on board a submarine.
  • the modular design means that essential modules can be used for several components. In addition to the various modular components, various manufacturing techniques can also be used.
  • the distributor head and the collection head have a pyramidal basic shape.
  • the tip of the pyramidal shape can preferably be flattened (truncated pyramid). This enables the heat exchange medium to be distributed to all pipes and allows for trouble-free return.
  • a connection for supplying or removing the heat exchange medium can be arranged either on the top surface of the truncated pyramid or on one of the side surfaces.
  • the basic pyramidal shape can also be rounded, in particular at the extreme end, in order, for example, to facilitate attachment to the rectangular basic shape of the heat exchanger and also to optimize the flow inside.
  • the distributor head and the collection head are identical in construction. On the one hand, this allows the liquid to flow in both directions, and on the other hand, the number of different components is reduced, thus simplifying both production and spare parts storage.
  • the distributor head and the collector head each have at least one first and one second connection, the first connection and the second connection being suitable for connection to a heat exchange medium distribution system, the first connection and the second connection being arranged spatially differently .
  • the heat exchange medium distribution system is only connected to the first connection or the second connection and the other is closed. This makes it possible to respond to different steric requirements with just one distributor head or collection head.
  • the first connection is arranged centrally and horizontally and the second connection is temporal and angled.
  • first connection can be directed upwards and the second connection downwards, which is particularly useful in a tower-shaped arrangement, for example in a cascade connection to extend the heat exchanger, since the upper first connection of the lower heat exchanger is then connected to the lower second connection of the upper heat exchanger can be connected.
  • the heat exchanger has a third side and a fourth side of the rectangular basic shape, the third side and the fourth side being opposite one another.
  • the third side and the fourth side are parallel to each other. Because of the squareness, the third side and the fourth side are perpendicular to the first side and the second side, respectively.
  • the elliptical cross section of the tubes is arranged such that the major axes of the elliptical cross sections are perpendicular to the third side and fourth side.
  • the tubes thus create a minimum flow resistance for a fluid flowing from the third to the fourth side.
  • the fluid is preferably introduced through the third side and flows out again from the fourth side.
  • the fluid can in particular be a moisture-laden gas.
  • the fluid can be a gas with gaseous water or water, for example in droplet form, can be carried along in liquid form.
  • a liquid phase can preferably condense out of the fluid in the heat exchanger or be separated off in some other way.
  • the gas passage in the third side and in the fourth side extends to at least 80%, preferably at least 90% the area of the third side or the fourth side.
  • the passage of gas thus takes place, apart from the necessary side wall and, for example, connecting elements, as completely as possible through the third side and the fourth side. This is particularly preferred if at least two heat exchangers are to be arranged one above the other, for example to form a dehumidifier or to create a longer heat exchanger in a modular design.
  • the third side is designed for direct connection to the fourth side of a further heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the third side of the heat exchanger can be connected to the fourth side of a further heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the heat exchange medium preferably flows first through the first heat exchanger and then through the second heat exchanger, while the gas flows first through the second heat exchanger and then into the first heat exchanger.
  • the lower second heat exchanger is operated as a cooler and thus a dehumidifier, the upper first heat exchanger then as a heater so that the combination of the two heat exchangers causes dehumidification with little or no change in temperature of the gas flowing in from the gas flowing out.
  • the heat exchanger has a fifth side and a sixth side of the rectangular basic shape, the fifth side and the sixth side being opposite one another.
  • the fifth side and the sixth side each have a closed surface.
  • the closed surface preferably consists of successive half ellipses which have the same shape as the tubes. This results in two embodiments if one assumes that the tubes are offset in rows.
  • the half ellipses can alternately point inwards and outwards. A wavy surface results, which allows a comparatively constant distance between tubes to each other and pipes and outer wall results.
  • all half ellipses are preferably curved outwards.
  • the heat exchanger is rotationally symmetrical about a first twofold axis of rotation, the first axis of rotation being perpendicular to the first side and to the second side.
  • the heat exchanger is rotationally symmetrical about a second two-fold axis of rotation, the second axis of rotation being perpendicular to the third side and to the fourth side.
  • the tubes are arranged in rows. Each adjacent row is offset by half the distance between the centers of adjacent tubes in a row.
  • the tubes have an outward thickening of the wall thickness at at least one end.
  • the tubes have an outward thickening of the wall thickness at at least one end.
  • the flow resistance for the heat exchange medium preferably constant. This achieves improved power transmission.
  • the heat exchanger is manufactured using additive manufacturing.
  • the heat exchanger is made of a metal powder by means of laser beam melting.
  • the invention relates to a dehumidifier with a first heat exchanger according to the invention and a second heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the first heat exchanger is arranged below the second heat exchanger.
  • the third side of the second heat exchanger is connected to the fourth side of a first heat exchanger.
  • the first heat exchanger is wired for cooling and the second heat exchanger is wired for heating.
  • a water drain is arranged under the first heat exchanger to remove condensed water separated from a gas stream in the dehumidifier.
  • the invention relates to a recirculation fuel cell module, wherein the recirculation fuel cell module has at least one fuel cell stack and at least one first dehumidifier according to the invention.
  • the fuel cell stack has at least a first input and a first output.
  • the first output is fluidly connected to the third side and the fourth side is fluidly connected to the first input.
  • the first dehumidifier is particularly preferably arranged on the cathode side.
  • the recirculation fuel cell module includes a second dehumidifier, the second dehumidifier being located on the anode side.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell device with a dehumidifier according to the invention.
  • the dehumidifier is preferably arranged in the recirculation circuit of the fuel cell device.
  • the invention relates to a submarine with a fuel cell device according to the invention.
  • the tubes 70 can be seen, which are arranged offset in rows and whose main axis 72 is arranged perpendicularly to the third side 30 and to the fourth side 40 .
  • FIG 2 shows the view of the third side 30, the tubes 70 run from the first side 10 to the second side 20.
  • a distributor head 12 is arranged on the first side 10, for example welded.
  • the heat exchange medium entering through the heat exchange medium inlet 90 is distributed to the tubes 70 by the header 12 .
  • the heat exchange medium emerging from the tubes 70 on the second side is brought together in the collecting head 22 and guided to the heat exchange medium outlet 92 .
  • the gas enters the heat exchanger at the bottom through the gas inlet on the third side and exits again through the gas outlet 82 on the fourth side 40 .
  • a dehumidifier is shown from two heat exchangers, the representation of the representation of 3 corresponds with the view of the fifth side.
  • the heat exchange medium enters the lower heat exchanger via the heat exchange medium inlet 90 and cools and dehumidifies the gas flow.
  • the heat exchange medium leaves the heat exchanger below and passes through the connecting line 100 into the upper heat exchanger. There, the heat is given off again to the cooled and dehumidified gas, bringing it back to almost its original temperature.
  • the heat exchange medium leaves the upper heat exchanger through the heat exchange medium outlet 92.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP23153533.7A 2022-02-08 2023-01-26 Echangeur de chaleur Pending EP4235074A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022201290.9A DE102022201290A1 (de) 2022-02-08 2022-02-08 Wärmetauscher

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4235074A1 true EP4235074A1 (fr) 2023-08-30

Family

ID=85122539

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23153533.7A Pending EP4235074A1 (fr) 2022-02-08 2023-01-26 Echangeur de chaleur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4235074A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022201290A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL300349A (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH611819A5 (en) * 1976-04-09 1979-06-29 Akira Togashi Heat exchanger
JPH1030893A (ja) 1996-07-17 1998-02-03 Mitsubishi Shindoh Co Ltd 熱交換器および伝熱管
JPH1123182A (ja) * 1997-07-08 1999-01-26 Nakamura Jikou:Kk 熱交換器
WO2009003817A2 (fr) 2007-07-04 2009-01-08 Unical Ag S.P.A. Echangeur de chaleur pour chaudière
US20100285727A1 (en) 2009-05-08 2010-11-11 Wen-Chi Chang Sander
DE102020210532B3 (de) 2020-08-19 2021-07-29 Thyssenkrupp Ag Kompakter Rezirkulationsbereich einer Rezirkulationsbrennstoffzellenvorrichtung
DE102020210310A1 (de) 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Thyssenkrupp Ag Kompakter Wärmetauscher

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210285727A1 (en) 2020-03-10 2021-09-16 University Of Maryland, College Park Cross-flow heat exchanger systems and methods for fabrication thereof

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH611819A5 (en) * 1976-04-09 1979-06-29 Akira Togashi Heat exchanger
JPH1030893A (ja) 1996-07-17 1998-02-03 Mitsubishi Shindoh Co Ltd 熱交換器および伝熱管
JPH1123182A (ja) * 1997-07-08 1999-01-26 Nakamura Jikou:Kk 熱交換器
WO2009003817A2 (fr) 2007-07-04 2009-01-08 Unical Ag S.P.A. Echangeur de chaleur pour chaudière
US20100285727A1 (en) 2009-05-08 2010-11-11 Wen-Chi Chang Sander
DE102020210310A1 (de) 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Thyssenkrupp Ag Kompakter Wärmetauscher
DE102020210532B3 (de) 2020-08-19 2021-07-29 Thyssenkrupp Ag Kompakter Rezirkulationsbereich einer Rezirkulationsbrennstoffzellenvorrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102022201290A1 (de) 2023-08-10
IL300349A (en) 2023-09-01

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