EP4223084A1 - Elektronikeinheit und verfahren zur prüfung mindestens eines zustands einer elektronikeinheit - Google Patents
Elektronikeinheit und verfahren zur prüfung mindestens eines zustands einer elektronikeinheitInfo
- Publication number
- EP4223084A1 EP4223084A1 EP21777672.3A EP21777672A EP4223084A1 EP 4223084 A1 EP4223084 A1 EP 4223084A1 EP 21777672 A EP21777672 A EP 21777672A EP 4223084 A1 EP4223084 A1 EP 4223084A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component
- contact surface
- circuit board
- printed circuit
- electronic unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2801—Testing of printed circuits, backplanes, motherboards, hybrid circuits or carriers for multichip packages [MCP]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2801—Testing of printed circuits, backplanes, motherboards, hybrid circuits or carriers for multichip packages [MCP]
- G01R31/281—Specific types of tests or tests for a specific type of fault, e.g. thermal mapping, shorts testing
- G01R31/2812—Checking for open circuits or shorts, e.g. solder bridges; Testing conductivity, resistivity or impedance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0266—Marks, test patterns or identification means
- H05K1/0268—Marks, test patterns or identification means for electrical inspection or testing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/11—Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K1/111—Pads for surface mounting, e.g. lay-out
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/222—Completing of printed circuits by adding non-printed jumper connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3452—Solder masks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
- H05K2201/09818—Shape or layout details not covered by a single group of H05K2201/09009 - H05K2201/09809
- H05K2201/09909—Special local insulating pattern, e.g. as dam around component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10007—Types of components
- H05K2201/10174—Diode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/17—Post-manufacturing processes
- H05K2203/173—Adding connections between adjacent pads or conductors, e.g. for modifying or repairing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistors electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/341—Surface mounted components
- H05K3/3431—Leadless components
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electronic unit, comprising at least one component and a printed circuit board. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for checking at least one state of an electronic unit, which comprises at least one component and one printed circuit board.
- field devices are often used to determine and/or monitor process variables.
- all devices that are used close to the process and supply or process process-relevant information are referred to as field devices.
- These are, for example, level meters, flow meters, pressure and temperature meters, pH and redox potential meters, conductivity meters, etc., which record the corresponding process variables level, flow, pressure, temperature, pH value, redox potential or conductivity.
- Field devices often have a sensor unit that is in contact with a process medium at least temporarily and/or at least in sections, which is used to generate a signal that is dependent on the process variable.
- field devices often have an electronics unit arranged in a housing, the electronics unit being used to process and/or forward the signals generated by the sensor unit, in particular electrical and/or electronic signals.
- the electronic unit often has a printed circuit board with components arranged on it.
- the circuit board often has a large number of contact surfaces which are soldered to the connections of the components.
- the connections of the components and the contact surfaces of the printed circuit boards are used for mechanical and/or electrical contacting between the printed circuit board and the component.
- an automatic optical inspection (AOI) of the circuit board usually takes place. Among other things, it is checked whether all the required components are present on the printed circuit board and whether the soldering points are defective. However, the latter is only possible if the soldering points are visible from the outside, ie if the soldering points are not arranged between the circuit board and the component.
- AXI automated X-ray inspection
- So-called trailers i.e. components that merely rest on the printed circuit board without being properly soldered to the printed circuit board, are not detected either with AOI or with AXI. Floating occurs, for example, when the component has not been adequately wetted by the soldering paste due to temperatures that are too low, vibrations or similar. Such a defective solder joint is also known as a cold solder joint.
- Some electronic units are designed to be intrinsically safe, i.e. only sparks that do not cause explosive mixtures to ignite may occur. In the simplest case, this can be achieved by limiting the current and/or the voltage. For example, resistors or Zener diodes are used to limit the current and/or voltage. In order to ensure the intrinsic safety of the electronics unit, it is essential to check the soldered joint between the printed circuit board and the current and/or voltage limiting element. The challenges already mentioned arise in the case of concealed solder joints.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to specify an electronic unit and a method with which a concealed solder joint can be checked in a simple manner.
- an electronic unit comprising at least one component and a printed circuit board, the at least one component having at least one connection, the printed circuit board having at least one first contact surface and at least one second contact surface, the at least one first contact surface and the at least a second contact surface are spaced apart, wherein the at least one connection is connected to the at least two contact areas by means of at least one solder point.
- the soldering paste is either applied to the first contact area and the second contact area, or the soldering paste is applied to at least two separate areas of the at least one connection, with the at least two separate areas each being the first contact area and facing the second contact surface. If the component is missing during the soldering process, the melting of the solder paste only leads to two separate solder depots. There is thus no electrical connection created between the first contact surface and the second contact surface.
- the soldering paste is applied to the first contact area and the second contact area or to the at least one connection in such a way that when the printed circuit board is soldered, an electrical connection is created between the first and second contact area only in combination with the at least one component.
- solder paste or solder paste depots leads either to a common soldering point, which leads as a soldering bridge from the first contact area via the connection to the second contact area, or to two separate soldering points, with one each Contact surface is connected separately to the terminal. Separate solder joints are formed depending on the distance between the solder paste and the contact pads and the interaction between the solder paste and the surface of the circuit board between the two contact pads, which depends on the composition of the surface of the circuit board.
- several solder paste depots for example four, can also be applied to the at least one connection or to the contact surfaces.
- a connection can also be soldered with three or more contact areas, for example.
- the at least one soldering point can be checked in a simple manner. So can an electric Input signal applied to a contact surface and em electrical output signal can be determined at another contact surface. Only if the soldering point mechanically and/or electrically connects the component and the printed circuit board is a defined target value of an electrical output signal obtained.
- a further advantage of the electronic unit according to the invention is that the division of the contacting of the connection with at least two contact areas reduces tilting of the at least one component relative to the printed circuit board. If a component with one or a few connections is soldered to a printed circuit board in the conventional sense, i.e. one connection is soldered to one contact surface, the soldering paste can be distributed unevenly between the connection and the contact surface during the remelting process. As a result, a larger solder gap height is formed in some areas of the soldering point and a lower solder gap height is formed in other areas of the soldering point, and the component tilts relative to the printed circuit board as a result. By distributing the soldering paste between at least two contact surfaces and a connection, this effect is reduced and an almost parallel alignment of the component with respect to the circuit board is achieved.
- the at least two contact areas are separated from one another by a soldering stop.
- the solder resist is in particular a solder resist or a solder resist film.
- the solder resist prevents liquid solder from wetting the solder resist coated areas of the circuit board.
- the solder stop can optionally be used to separate the contact areas from each other and influence the alignment of the component relative to the circuit board.
- the component is a voltage-limiting element.
- the solder joint between the voltage-limiting element and the circuit board must be checked and the mechanical and / or electrical connection by means of at least a solder joint between the voltage limiting element and the printed circuit board must be ensured.
- the component is preferably a zener diode.
- the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a method for testing at least one state of an electronic unit, which comprises at least one component and a printed circuit board, the at least one component having at least one connection, the printed circuit board having at least one first contact surface and at least one second contact surface has, wherein the at least one first contact area and the at least one second contact area are spaced apart from one another, wherein the at least one connection is connected to the at least two contact areas by means of at least one solder joint, the method having at least the following steps:
- the method is therefore used for indirect checking of the at least one soldering point and is particularly advantageous in the case of covered soldering points which, for example, are not easily accessible with AOI and/or AXI.
- Starting with at least one intact soldering point which ensures a mechanical and/or electrical connection between the at least one component and the printed circuit board, it is defined which setpoint value of the electrical output signal is to be determined at the second contact surface if an electrical input signal is present at the first contact surface is created. If the specific electrical output signal matches the previously defined target value, then the solder joint is intact. If the defined target value is not reached, there is a cold solder joint, for example.
- the contact surfaces of the printed circuit boards are usually designed as end points, also called test points, designed by traces that allow the application and determination of the electrical input and output signals in a simple manner.
- the method can be used, for example, during the manufacturing process of the electronics unit. It can also be used to check the electronics unit for damage after it has been in operation.
- the presence of the component and/or the electrical contactability of the component and/or a soldering paste of the soldering point is determined as the at least one state.
- a comparison of the electrical input signal and the electrical output signal can be used to determine whether the component is still present, ie whether it is mechanically connected to the printed circuit board via the at least one soldering point. This is relevant not only during the manufacture of the electronics unit, but can also be relevant, for example, after an error has occurred in the electronics unit.
- the at least one soldering point can break as a result of an external impact.
- the electrical contactability of the component can be determined using the contact surfaces of the printed circuit boards in order to check the functionality of the component.
- solder paste used in the solder joint It is also possible to determine the solder paste used in the solder joint. In this way, damage to the component can be determined indirectly, since each soldering paste is assigned a minimum melting temperature. Using a solder paste with a melting temperature that the component is not designed for can impair the function of the component.
- a voltage or a resistance is advantageously determined as the electrical output signal. If there is at least one intact soldering point which connects the at least one component and the printed circuit board, then when a voltage is applied to the first contact area, a voltage is also obtained at the second contact area. If a resistance is determined between the first and second contact area, a significantly greater resistance is obtained in the case of a non-intact soldering point than in the case of an intact soldering point.
- the method is preferably carried out during a functional test of the electronics unit. The method can be used as part of a functional test in conventional production without any additional effort.
- FIGS. 1-2 They show:
- 1a a schematic of an electronic unit according to the invention.
- 1b a schematic of an electronic unit according to the invention before the soldering process.
- the electronic unit 1 according to the invention comprises at least one component 2 and a printed circuit board 3.
- the electronic unit 1 according to the invention is used in the field devices mentioned at the outset, with no restriction to the examples mentioned.
- the electronic unit 1a shows a possible configuration of the electronic unit 1 according to the invention in a cross-sectional view, in which the electronic unit 1 has a component 2 and a printed circuit board 3.
- the component 2 has a connection 4 and the printed circuit board 3 has a first and second contact area 5 , 6 which are connected via a soldering point 7 .
- the component 2 can also have a plurality of connections 4 . It is also possible to connect a connection 4 to more than two contact surfaces 5.6. It is also possible for the connection 4 to be connected to the two contact surfaces 5, 6 via two separate soldering points. However, the contact surfaces 5.6 are always spaced apart.
- Conductor tracks 10 which end in the two contact surfaces 5.6 are shown as an example.
- the component 2 can, for example, be a voltage limiting element such as a zener diode.
- 1 b shows the electronic unit 1 according to the invention before the at least one component 2 is soldered to the printed circuit board 3.
- the soldering paste 9 is applied to the first and second contact surface 5.6 or the at least one connection 4 in such a way that that only an electrical connection between the first and second contact surface 5.6 is created when both the printed circuit board 3 and the at least one component 2 are present during the soldering process.
- the soldering paste 9 is applied to the first and the second contact area 5.6.
- the soldering paste 9 can also be applied 4 to the at least one connection.
- a solder stop 8 is applied between the contact surfaces 5 , 6 in order to set the alignment of the component 2 relative to the printed circuit board 3 .
- the method can be used for an electronic unit 1 which comprises at least one component 2 and a printed circuit board 3 and which is shown in FIG. 1 .
- the at least one component 2 has at least one connection 4 .
- the printed circuit board 3 has at least one first contact surface 5 and at least one second contact surface 6, which are spaced apart from one another.
- the at least one connection 4 is connected to the at least two contact surfaces 5.6 by means of at least one solder point 7.
- an electrical input signal is applied to the at least first contact area 5 .
- an electrical output signal for example a voltage or a resistance, is determined at the at least second contact surface 6 .
- the first input signal can be applied and/or the electrical output signal can be determined by means of two conductor tracks 10 which end at the contact surfaces.
- the third step C at least one state of the electronic unit 1 is determined on the basis of the electrical input signal and the electrical output signal, such as the presence of the component 2 and/or the electrical contactability of the component 2 and/or a soldering paste of the soldering point 7.
- the method is optional can be used in production during a functional test. reference list
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020125716.3A DE102020125716A1 (de) | 2020-10-01 | 2020-10-01 | Elektronikeinheit und Verfahren zur Prüfung mindestens eines Zustands einer Elektronikeinheit |
| PCT/EP2021/075122 WO2022069204A1 (de) | 2020-10-01 | 2021-09-13 | Elektronikeinheit und verfahren zur prüfung mindestens eines zustands einer elektronikeinheit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4223084A1 true EP4223084A1 (de) | 2023-08-09 |
Family
ID=77914304
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21777672.3A Pending EP4223084A1 (de) | 2020-10-01 | 2021-09-13 | Elektronikeinheit und verfahren zur prüfung mindestens eines zustands einer elektronikeinheit |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12498411B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4223084A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116326221A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020125716A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022069204A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4709253A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1987-11-24 | Amp Incorporated | Surface mountable diode |
| US5024372A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1991-06-18 | Motorola, Inc. | Method of making high density solder bumps and a substrate socket for high density solder bumps |
| US5315070A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1994-05-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Printed wiring board to which solder has been applied |
| JPH05347473A (ja) | 1992-06-15 | 1993-12-27 | Toshiba Corp | 配線基板 |
| JP2825085B2 (ja) | 1996-08-29 | 1998-11-18 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体装置の実装構造、実装用基板および実装状態の検査方法 |
| JP2001077518A (ja) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-03-23 | Fujitsu Ltd | 電子部品実装プリント基板および電子部品取り外し方法 |
| DE10126655A1 (de) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-05 | Endress & Hauser Gmbh & Co Kg | Leiterplatte mit mindestens einem elektronischen Bauteil |
| JP2003068806A (ja) | 2001-08-29 | 2003-03-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
| TWI232072B (en) * | 2004-04-05 | 2005-05-01 | Wistron Corp | Method and structure for printed circuit board assembly and jig for assembling structure |
| WO2008149445A1 (ja) | 2007-06-07 | 2008-12-11 | Fujitsu Limited | 半田接合部を有する電子装置の診断装置、診断方法、及び診断プログラム |
| DE102008031633B4 (de) | 2008-07-04 | 2010-04-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Anordnung zum Befestigen eines elektrischen Bauelements auf einem Träger |
| DE102010029234A1 (de) | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-24 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung einer eigensicheren Versorgungsspannung und zur Übertragung von Kommunikationssignalen |
| DE102010038453A1 (de) | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Lötstellenkontrolle |
| TWI634823B (zh) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-09-01 | 矽品精密工業股份有限公司 | 電子裝置 |
-
2020
- 2020-10-01 DE DE102020125716.3A patent/DE102020125716A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-09-13 EP EP21777672.3A patent/EP4223084A1/de active Pending
- 2021-09-13 US US18/247,021 patent/US12498411B2/en active Active
- 2021-09-13 CN CN202180067103.8A patent/CN116326221A/zh active Pending
- 2021-09-13 WO PCT/EP2021/075122 patent/WO2022069204A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020125716A1 (de) | 2022-04-07 |
| WO2022069204A1 (de) | 2022-04-07 |
| US20230366921A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
| US12498411B2 (en) | 2025-12-16 |
| CN116326221A (zh) | 2023-06-23 |
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