EP4220054A1 - Procédé de production d'un matériau de remplissage pour une surface de gazon synthétique - Google Patents
Procédé de production d'un matériau de remplissage pour une surface de gazon synthétique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4220054A1 EP4220054A1 EP22159107.6A EP22159107A EP4220054A1 EP 4220054 A1 EP4220054 A1 EP 4220054A1 EP 22159107 A EP22159107 A EP 22159107A EP 4220054 A1 EP4220054 A1 EP 4220054A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- equal
- particles
- tumble
- less
- infill
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004629 polybutylene adipate terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polybutylene adipate terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001689 Cyanthillium cinereum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002338 polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 5
- 208000035874 Excoriation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 3
- BYNQFCJOHGOKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BYNQFCJOHGOKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBVJWBYNOWIOFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(trimethoxy)silane Chemical class CO[Si](Cl)(OC)OC CBVJWBYNOWIOFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FCPHOVHDDYCNCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-2-phenoxyphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 FCPHOVHDDYCNCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical class C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical class C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011090 industrial biotechnology method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical class C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009732 tufting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043810 zinc pyrithione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
- F26B11/0463—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall
- F26B11/0477—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum
- F26B11/0481—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum the elements having a screw- or auger-like shape, or form screw- or auger-like channels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour circulating over or surrounding the materials or objects to be dried
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/02—Biomass, e.g. waste vegetative matter, straw
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/08—Granular materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for production of an infill material for a synthetic turf surface.
- a rigid and compact substrate e.g., in clay or asphalt
- a synthetic turf mat comprising artificial fibres simulating the natural grass is laid above the substrate.
- a layer of material called infill which can be made of various materials such as rubber granules, e.g., recycled; sand; plant material, such as cork and/or coconut; etc. is typically spread on the synthetic turf mat between the artificial fibres.
- the infill structurally stabilizes the synthetic turf mat and/or improves its aesthetic quality, making it look more likely to the natural grass (as it facilitates the upright position of the artificial fibres), and/or improves the performance properties of the mat (for example in terms of mechanical response of the mat, rolling/bouncing of the ball, etc.) thus facilitating its use for sports.
- US2010055461A1 , US2018080183A1 , WO2006109110A1 and US2015252537A1 disclose a respective infill material originating from plant materials.
- the Applicant has observed that the production process of the infill material, especially when the latter is made of a hard plant material as disclosed in US2010055461A1 (e.g., ground walnut shells) or in US2018080183A1 (olive pit particles), can lead to the formation of particles having sharp edges on their outer surface and/or to an uncontrollable and unpredictable shape of particles which results in a high variation of the shape among the particles.
- the sharp edges can cause a damaging (e.g., wear/abrasion) of the artificial fibres and/or of the synthetic turf mat due to the friction (e.g., by rubbing) between particles and artificial fibres and/or synthetic turf mat during use of the synthetic turf surface.
- the highly irregular shape between the particles can cause an uneven damaging of the artificial fibres and/or of the synthetic turf mat in some areas of the synthetic turf surface with an early need to replace the synthetic turf surface.
- the infill materials disclosed in the above documents can have an excessive moisture content at the end of the respective production process and/or they can possibly retain an excessive amount of water (e.g., rain or actively sprayed on the mat) which realizes the conditions for an uncontrollable and/or excessive proliferation of microorganisms on the synthetic turf surface with consequent rotting of the infill material and/or loss of its performance properties.
- water e.g., rain or actively sprayed on the mat
- the Applicant has therefore faced the problem of obtaining, through an ecologically-friendly production process, an infill material for a synthetic turf surface which does not cause an excessive abrasion of the synthetic turf surface and, at the same time, does not cause an undesired/uncontrollable proliferation of microorganisms on the synthetic turf surface.
- the invention relates to a process for production of an infill material for a synthetic turf surface, wherein the infill material comprises a plurality of granules, the process comprising:
- the tumble-drying operation smooths the outer surface of the particles thus limiting, in use, the wear (e.g., for abrasion) of the synthetic turf surface, since the granules do not (substantially) have sharp edges or spikes on their outer surface.
- the tumble-drying operation provides the desired shape (with substantially no sharp edges) to the granules in a reliable and repeatable way thus providing for a consistency in the shape of the granules which limits, or avoids, uneven damages of the synthetic turf surface during use of the same.
- the Applicant has observed that the tumble-drying operation provides a drying action which lower the moisture content of the plant material (i.e., provides a substantial reduction of the moisture content in the plant material with respect to the initial moisture content). In use (when the granules are on the synthetic turf surface), this allows limiting (or avoiding) the uncontrollable proliferation of microorganisms on the synthetic turf surface which would cause a rotting of the infill material with consequent loss of its performance properties.
- the present invention in one or more of the aforesaid aspects can have one or more of the following preferred features.
- said tumble-drying comprises providing a tumble-drier.
- said tumble-drier comprises a hollow main body rotatable around a (preferably horizontal) rotation axis.
- axial generally refers to a direction parallel to the rotation axis.
- said hollow main body is made of metal, e.g., steel or iron alloy.
- said hollow main body comprises an inner chamber and an inner surface defining said inner chamber.
- said hollow main body (and said inner chamber and said inner surface) has cylindrical shape symmetric with respect to said rotation axis.
- radial generally refers to a radial direction in case of such cylindrical shape.
- said hollow main body comprises a plurality of projections protruding (substantially radially) from the inner surface (in order to contribute to the smoothing action on the particles).
- said projections form a plurality of active surfaces.
- each of said active surfaces develop (continuously or stepwise) along an entire axial length of said hollow main body.
- said active surfaces are (evenly) distributed on the inner surface (e.g., evenly angularly distributed around the rotation axis).
- each active surface is not parallel to the rotation axis.
- each active surface forms a helix around the rotation axis. In such a way the projections also exert a transport action on the particles.
- a pitch of the helix is greater than or equal to half of a total length, more preferably greater than or equal to said total length, and/or less than or equal to two times said entire axial length.
- said projections comprise a plurality of lamellae each having a laminar (and preferably rectangular) shape.
- said lamellae are distributed on said inner surface of the hollow main body in rows (preferably at least fifteen, more preferably at least twenty, rows), each row comprising a sequence of lamellae developing along the axial direction for forming a respective active surface (corresponding to respective faces of the lamellae of the respective row facing forward with respect to the rotation).
- the lamellae of each pair of consecutive lamellae are at least partially circumferentially staggered (on a same side).
- the lamellae of each pair of consecutive lamellae are partially mutually overlapped with respect to the axial direction (in order to confine the axial flux of the particles).
- the active surfaces e.g., the lamellae
- an angular distance, taken on the cross section of the hollow main body (or of the inner chamber), between two consecutive active surfaces is constant, more preferably said angular distance is greater than or equal to 5°, more preferably greater than or equal to 10°, and/or less than or equal to 30°, more preferably less than or equal to 20°.
- said angular distance is greater than or equal to 5°, more preferably greater than or equal to 10°, and/or less than or equal to 30°, more preferably less than or equal to 20°.
- each of said lamellae has a length (i.e., a dimension taken along a main development direction of the respective lamella, which may be axial) greater than or equal to 15 cm, more preferably greater than or equal to 18 cm, and/or less than or equal to 35 cm, more preferably less than or equal to 30 cm.
- each of said lamellae has a height (i.e., a dimension taken along a direction perpendicular to said inner surface of the inner chamber, e.g. radial) greater than or equal to 3 cm, more preferably greater than or equal to 5 cm, and/or less than or equal to 15 cm, more preferably less than or equal to 12 cm.
- each projection comprises a respective plurality of protrusions at said active surface.
- each protrusion has a height (i.e., a dimension taken along a direction perpendicular to said active surface), greater than or equal to 0.2 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, and/or less than or equal to 2 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 1.8 mm.
- the protrusions form a continuous pattern, e.g., a grid. In this way the protrusion can suitably contribute to the smoothening of the particles, as better explained below.
- tumble-drying comprises:
- the Applicant has realized that the rotation of the hollow main body generates a rubbing of the particles against the inner surface and possibly the projections, which is enhanced by the continuous lifting and falling (tumbling) of the particles.
- the mechanical interaction/collision helps smoothening any sharp edges present on the outer surface of the particles.
- the active surfaces face forward during the rotation.
- the active surfaces collect the particles thus greatly enhancing the tumbling action (and possibly also providing the axial transport action) and the consequent smoothing action.
- said tumble-drying comprises:
- said hollow main body (and said inner chamber) has a width taken along a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis, preferably in case of cylindrical shape a diameter of a cross-section of said hollow main body (and said inner chamber) perpendicular to the rotation axis, greater than or equal to 1 m, more preferably greater than or equal to 1.5 m, and/or less than or equal to 5 m, more preferably less than or equal to 4 m.
- said hollow main body (and said inner chamber) has a length taken along the rotation axis greater than or equal to 5 m, more preferably greater than or equal to 7 m, and/or less than or equal to 20 m, more preferably less than or equal to 15 m.
- a rotation speed of said hollow main body is greater than or equal to 3 rpm, more preferably greater than or equal to 4 rpm, and/or less than or equal to 12 rpm, more preferably less than or equal to 9 rpm.
- the Applicant believes that the above rotation speed range associated to the above dimensions of the hollow main body (and the inner chamber) allow to carry out the tumble-drying operation in a suitable way (for obtaining the granules having the desired smoothened surface and/or moisture content), while keeping the production time compatible with the needs of an industrial process.
- said tumble-drying comprises, preferably during said rotation, heating said particles.
- the synergic effect of the tumbling (rotation) and the heating allows to efficiently and simply dry the particles reducing the moisture content.
- the rotation and the consequent continuous mixing of the particles improves the uniformity of the heating and enhances the exposure of the particles to the heating source.
- a maximum temperature of said particles during said heating is greater than or equal to 90°C, more preferably greater than or equal to 110°C, and/or less than or equal to 260°C, more preferably less than or equal to 220°C.
- said heating comprises keeping said particles at a temperature greater than or equal to 80° (more preferably greater than or equal to 100°) and/or less than or equal to 250°C (more preferably less than or equal to 220°C), for a time interval greater than or equal to 120 s (more preferably greater than or equal to 180 s) and/or less than or equal to 420 s (more preferably lower than or equal to 360s). In this way the particles are made free from microorganisms and dried.
- a temperature of said particles during said heating varies according to a temperature profile along the axial direction from the open inlet to the open outlet. In this way it is possible to dry the particles while limiting the deterioration (e.g., scorching) of the plant material.
- said heating comprises blowing hot air inside the inner chamber, preferably towards said particles (e.g., radially downward).
- said particles e.g., radially downward.
- blowing hot air comprises blowing hot air at different locations distributed along the axial direction from the open inlet to the open outlet, more preferably the temperature of the hot air decreases moving from the open inlet to the open outlet.
- a maximum temperature of the hot air (preferably in proximity of the open inlet) is greater than or equal to 200°C, more preferably greater than or equal to 220°C, and/or less than or equal to 300°C, more preferably less than or equal to 290°C.
- a minimum temperature of the hot air (preferably in proximity of the open outlet) is greater than or equal to 50°C, more preferably greater than or equal to 60°C, and/or less than or equal to 100°C, more preferably less than or equal to 90°C.
- said tumble-drying (e.g., said advancing said particles from the open inlet to the open outlet) is carried out for a time interval greater than or equal to 150 s, more preferably greater than or equal to 200 s, even more preferably greater than or equal to 250 s, and/or less than or equal to 600 s, more preferably less than or equal to 550 s, even more preferably less than or equal to 500 s.
- a time interval greater than or equal to 150 s, more preferably greater than or equal to 200 s, even more preferably greater than or equal to 250 s, and/or less than or equal to 600 s, more preferably less than or equal to 550 s, even more preferably less than or equal to 500 s.
- a moisture content (measured according to ISO18134-1:2015) in said (output) particles is less than or equal to 25%, more preferably less than or equal to 20%, even more preferably less than or equal to 15%, of a moisture content in said particles before being subjected to said tumble-drying (i.e., at the open inlet).
- the final granules have a moisture content that limits the uncontrolled/excessive proliferation of microorganisms when in use.
- said granules have (substantially) round shape, elliptical shape or oval shape. More preferably said granules have round shape. In this way, in particular when the granules have round shape, it is possible to improve some performance properties of the synthetic turf surface on which the granules are used, e.g., the velocity of the ball on the surface with advantages in terms of playing easiness.
- said granules have (sieve) size greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 0.4 mm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, and/or less than or equal to 3 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 2.8 mm, even more preferably less than or equal to 2.5 mm.
- said plant material is selected in the group: olive pits, pine cones, walnut shells, cork, or combinations thereof.
- said plant material is olive pits, more preferably said particles are integer olive pits (i.e., residual olive pits after oil extraction processes, mechanical and/or chemical, without any grinding or crushing).
- integer olive pits i.e., residual olive pits after oil extraction processes, mechanical and/or chemical, without any grinding or crushing.
- said granules are entirely made of said plant material (in other words the granules are subjected only to mechanical and thermal actions, without the addition of any further materials/substances, possibly apart from a biocidal agent or a dye agent). In this way the granules are ecologically friendly.
- the process further comprises (heterogeneously) mixing said granules with (different) infill particles.
- an infill material is obtained which is a (heterogeneous) mixture of different kind of materials.
- each of said infill particles comprises:
- the process comprises producing said infill particles by:
- the Applicant has realized that the mixture of the granules and of the above composite infill particles allows to achieve a completely healthy, safe, biodegradable, recyclable (thus favouring a circular economy and a saving of costs) and ecological infill material which at the same time is low cost (since the cost of the raw material, e.g., the plant materials, is substantially null and since the re-use of materials is strongly incentivized) and has suitable performance properties, e.g., in terms of mechanical behaviour (e.g., shock absorption, bouncing of the ball, etc.) and/or water-retaining properties.
- suitable performance properties e.g., in terms of mechanical behaviour (e.g., shock absorption, bouncing of the ball, etc.) and/or water-retaining properties.
- the above polymeric materials when blended as above described, have a biodegradation kinetic which is suitable for use in an infill material (e.g., complete biodegradation in a time interval between 2-10 years) under the atmospheric conditions typically present where the synthetic turf surface is positioned (e.g., temperature ranging between 0-65°C, UR ranging between 30-90%, atmospheric pressure).
- an infill material e.g., complete biodegradation in a time interval between 2-10 years
- atmospheric conditions typically present where the synthetic turf surface is positioned e.g., temperature ranging between 0-65°C, UR ranging between 30-90%, atmospheric pressure.
- said infill particles are fibres.
- the fibres have a dimension ("length") much greater (e.g., at least ten times, preferably at least twenty times, greater) than at least one of (preferably both) the other two dimensions (width and thickness).
- the fibres have a highly irregular shape (e.g., the surface of the fibre is jagged, possibly with thin, wry, filaments protruding from the surface). The fibrous, irregular, shape of the infill particles enhances the performance properties of the final infill material.
- such fibrous, irregular, shape causes an intertwining of the fibres to form a "tangle" (where each fibre is mechanically bonded to the adjacent fibres) which provides a good stability of the fibres on the synthetic turf surface and which has a sponge-like overall structure provided by the void spaces between adjacent fibres of the "tangle".
- the sponge-like structure provides a good cushioning/shock absorption of the stresses and/or good rebound of the ball and/or low "splash effect" and/or good water retaining properties by entrapping drops of water.
- heating and blending is performed in an extruder. In this way, the heating and blending is efficiently carried out.
- said heating comprises bringing (at least) said fragments and said polymeric material to a temperature greater than or equal to a melting temperature of said polymeric material and less than or equal to a scorching temperature of said further plant material.
- said further plant material is selected in the group: olive pits, pine cones, wood sawdust, coconut fibre/peat, cork, rice husk, banana fibre/peat, lignin, tree defibration, hemp, corn pits, or combinations thereof, more preferably said further plant material is the same as said plant material. In this way, the cost of the infill particles is limited (given the use of scrap materials) and, furthermore, easily disposable materials are used, thus reducing the risk of pollution for the environment.
- said blend (e.g., said infill particles) comprises a weight percentage of said further plant material greater than or equal to 5%, more preferably greater than or equal to 10% mm, and/or less than or equal to 50%, more preferably less than or equal to 40%, of an overall weight of said blend (or infill particles).
- providing said fragments comprises tumble-drying said further plant material, more preferably according to any of the above tumble-drying embodiments.
- the process is optimized, since the same tumble-drying operation can provide both the granules which, as such, form part of the infill material, and (preferably after grinding) the fragments to be used as raw material for the infill particles.
- the tumble-dried fragments have a low moisture content which helps to maintain a dry environment (e.g., low amount of moisture that evaporates) during the heating operation, especially when performed in an extruder.
- said providing said fragments comprises, more preferably after said tumble-drying said further plant material, grinding said further plant material, preferably for obtaining said fragments with size less than 1 mm.
- said polymeric material is selected in the group: polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), or combinations thereof.
- said polymeric material is polylactic acid (PLA).
- the PLA is particularly suitable since the biodegradation kinetic of the resulting composite material (when blended with the further plant material) may be higher (i.e., the biodegradation is faster) than the biodegradation kinetic of the PLA as such (which typically only occurs in certain conditions, e.g., temperature above 60°C).
- said blend e.g., said infill particles
- said blend comprises a weight percentage of said polymeric material greater than or equal to 40%, more preferably greater than or equal to 50%, even more preferably greater than or equal to 60% mm, and/or less than or equal to 95%, more preferably less than or equal to 90%, of an overall weight of said blend (or infill particles).
- the process further comprises providing a plasticizing agent and heating and blending said plasticizing agent with said fragments and said polymeric material.
- said plasticizing agent is an epoxidized vegetable oil (preferably selected in the group of epoxidized Vernonia oil, epoxidized linseed oil and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO)). More preferably said plasticizing agent is epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO).
- said blend e.g., said infill particles
- said blend comprises a weight percentage of said plasticizing agent greater than or equal to 1.5%, more preferably greater than or equal to 2% mm, and/or less than or equal to 12%, more preferably less than or equal to 10%, of an overall weight of said blend (or infill particles).
- a plasticizing agent enhances the workability of the polymeric material and/or the embedding of the further plant material in the polymeric matrix, since the plasticizing agent makes the polymeric material softer (e.g., decrease its viscosity) and more flexible (e.g., increase its plasticity).
- the Applicant has observed that the above plasticizing agents have a biodegradation kinetic suitable for use in an infill material and favour the formation of the fibrous shape of the infill particles by grinding the blend.
- the process further comprises providing a biocidal agent and heating and blending said biocidal agent with said fragments and said polymeric material.
- said blend (e.g., said infill particles) comprises a weight percentage of said biocidal agent greater than or equal to 0.1%, more preferably greater than or equal to 0.2%, and/or less than or equal to 5%, more preferably less than or equal to 3%, of an overall weight of said blend (or said infill particles).
- biocidal agent is selected in the group: organic silanes (preferably dimethyl-dichloro-silanes; trimethylsilyl-chlorides; trimethoxysilyl-chlorides; methyl-trichloro-silanes), chlore-based biocidal agents (preferably chlorophenoxy-phenol, e.g., 5-chloro2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-phenol), zinc-based biocidal agents (e.g., zinc pyrithione), or combinations thereof.
- organic silanes preferably dimethyl-dichloro-silanes; trimethylsilyl-chlorides; trimethoxysilyl-chlorides; methyl-trichloro-silanes
- chlore-based biocidal agents preferably chlorophenoxy-phenol, e.g., 5-chloro2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-phenol
- zinc-based biocidal agents e.g., zinc pyrithione
- the invention relates to a synthetic turf surface comprising a synthetic turf mat and a layer of infill material arranged above said synthetic turf mat, wherein the infill material is produced by a process for production according to any embodiment of the present invention.
- the desired performance properties e.g., in terms of wear resistance and/or low abrasion risk for the users and/or adherence for the users
- the desired aesthetic properties e.g., likelihood to the natural grass
- said layer of infill material has a percentual weight content of said granules greater than or equal to 50%, more preferably greater than or equal to 60%, even more preferably greater than or equal to 70%, and/or less or equal to 95%, of an overall weight of said infill material (more preferably a rest of the infill material being formed by said infill particles). In this way it is possible reducing the total cost of the infill material.
- said layer of infill material has a mass per unit area greater than or equal to 2 kg/m 2 , more preferably greater than or equal to 4 kg/m 2 , even more preferably greater than or equal to 5 kg/m 2 , and/or less than or equal to 15 kg/m 2 , more preferably lower or equal to 12 kg/m 2 , even more preferably less than or equal to 10 kg/m 2 .
- the appropriate amount of infill material is provided for giving the desired properties to the synthetic turf surface.
- a synthetic turf surface 400 comprising a compact clay substrate 401 (for example as known) and a synthetic turf mat 100 (e.g., of known type and not further described) laid on the substrate 401.
- the synthetic turf mat 100 comprises a plurality of artificial fibres 404 (which simulate the grass threads) for example woven by tufting in the synthetic turf mat 100.
- the synthetic turf surface 400 further comprises one layer of infill material 200 arranged on the synthetic turf mat 100 between the artificial fibres 404.
- the layer 200 has a thickness equal to about 10 mm and a mass per unit area exemplarily equal to about 5.5 kg/m 2 .
- the infill material 200 is a performance infill of the synthetic turf surface 400 and therefore is arranged at the top of the infill system.
- a layer of stabilizing infill material (not shown), exemplarily made of sand or pea gravel, is arranged on the synthetic turf mat 100.
- the infill material 200 comprises a plurality of granules 201 entirely made of a plant material processed according to the present invention.
- Exemplarily the granules 201 are processed entire olive pits.
- Exemplarily the granules 201 have generally round shape and exemplarily have a sieve size between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm.
- the granules 201 are not treated with any biocidal agent.
- the infill material 200 exemplarily further comprises a plurality of infill particles 202, e.g., the infill material 200 is a heterogeneous mixture of the granules 201 and of the infill particles 202, wherein the granules and the infill particles are mixed together and do not form two respective distinct layers.
- a percentual weight content of the granules 201 is equal to about 90% and a percentual weight content of the infill particles 202 is equal to about 10%.
- each of the infill particles 202 is a composite particle comprising a polymeric matrix exemplarily made of polylactic acid (PLA) and a reinforcing filler dispersed in the polymeric matrix, wherein the reinforcing filler is exemplarily made of olive pits.
- PLA polylactic acid
- the infill material 200 consists solely of the granules 201.
- FIG. 2a schematically shows a plant 50 for carrying out a process of the present invention. It is noted that the scheme shown in Fig, 2a may also represent a flow diagram of a process of the present invention.
- particles 2 of a plant material in the example olive pits, are provided in a container 20.
- Particles 2 exemplarily are integer olive pits, i.e., residual olive pits after oil extraction processes (mechanical and/or chemical).
- the particles 2 may be washed, exemplarily by means of immersion in water (e.g., in a water bath 21) for the purposes of reducing, or eliminating, the possible presence of contaminating agents (e.g., microorganisms, impurities, toxic substances).
- contaminating agents e.g., microorganisms, impurities, toxic substances.
- the particles 2 may be partially dried (e.g., left exposed to ambient temperature).
- the particles 2 are fed to a tumble-drier 22 in which the tumble-drying operation is carried out.
- the entire olive pits 1 are not grinded or crushed before carrying out the tumble-drying operation.
- FIG. 3 An example of a tumble drier for carrying out the tumble-drying operation is shown with reference to figure 3 .
- the tumble drier 22 exemplarily comprises a hollow main body 10, exemplarily made of steel, rotatable (e.g., counter-clockwise) around an exemplarily horizontal rotation axis 300.
- the hollow main body 10 comprises an inner chamber 12 and an inner surface 11 defining the inner chamber 12.
- the inner chamber 12 and the inner surface 11 have cylindrical shape, symmetric with respect to the rotation axis 300 (i.e., the cross section has a circular shape).
- the hollow main body may have for example an oval, elliptical or even square or rectangular cross-section, centred to the rotation axis. It is preferable that the inner chamber has cylindrical shape in order to maximize the area of the inner surface for a given volume of the inner chamber.
- Exemplarily the diameter D0 of the cross-section of the cylindrical hollow main body 10 (and of the inner chamber 12) is equal to about 2 m.
- Exemplarily the hollow main body 10 and the inner chamber 12 have a total axial length L0 equal to about 10 m.
- Exemplarily the hollow main body 10 comprises a plurality of projections 13 (only partially and schematically shown) radially protruding from the inner surface 11.
- Exemplarily the projections 13 are a plurality of lamellae, exemplarily having a laminar and rectangular shape.
- the projections may be in the shape of spikes distributed on the inner surface.
- Exemplarily the lamellae 13 are distributed on the inner surface 11 of the hollow main body 12 in rows, exemplarily in number equal to thirty (only partially and schematically shown).
- each row comprises a sequence of lamellae 13, the sequence developing substantially along the axial direction in order to form a respective active surface 14 (in the example the bottom surface of the lamellae, i.e., the surface of the lamellae that faces the rotation direction).
- the lamellae 13 of each pair of consecutive lamellae of a respective row are physically separated along the axial direction.
- each projection may be a single, linear, and continuous body, which develops along the entire length of the hollow main body substantially axially).
- the lamellae of each pair of lamellae of a respective row may be physically linked by a respective connecting element, which for example connects two adjacent edges of two consecutive lamellae.
- the active surfaces 14 are not parallel to the rotation axis 300 and develop helicoidally around the rotation axis to form respective helixes.
- a pitch of the helix is equal to about one and a half time the length L0.
- the lamellae 13 of each pair of consecutive lamellae are partially circumferentially staggered on a same side (in order to form the helix), and partially mutually overlapped with respect to the axial direction (in order to limit, or avoid, the olive pits to fall back-ward).
- the active surfaces are parallel to the rotation axis.
- the tumble-drier does not exert an axial transport and it may act as a batch tumble-drier, rather than a continuous one.
- the active surfaces 14 are evenly angularly distributed around the rotation axis 300 on the cross section.
- an angular distance 401 taken on the cross section of the inner chamber 12 between two adjacent active surfaces 14 (or rows of lamellae 13) is constant and exemplarily equal to about 12°.
- each of the lamellae 13 has an axial length L1 equal to about 25 cm, and a radial height H1 exemplarily equal to about 8 cm.
- each lamella 13 facing forward during rotation (and hence forming part of the respective active surface 14) is corrugated.
- each lamella 13 comprises a respective plurality of protrusions 18 at the active surface 14.
- each protrusion 18 has a height, i.e., a dimension taken along a direction 302 perpendicular to the active surface 14, equal to about 1 mm.
- the protrusions 18 form a continuous pattern on the active surface 14, e.g., a grid having rhomboidal pattern. In general, the grid may define a pattern having any shape, e.g., rectangular, quadratic, triangular, etc.
- the protrusions may be discontinuous protuberances protruding from the active surface, for example in the shape of spikes, or obtained by surface treatment (e.g., sand-paper surface).
- the tumble-drying exemplarily comprises:
- Exemplarily a rotation speed of the hollow main body 10 is equal to about 6 rpm.
- the tumble-drying comprises also heating the particles 2.
- the heating comprises blowing hot air inside the inner chamber 12 (e.g., by way of one or more air blowers, not shown).
- the tumble drier 22 may comprise a plurality of air outlets (not shown) located inside the inner chamber 12 (e.g., at the top of the inner chamber) at different locations distributed along the axial direction from the open inlet 30 to the open outlet 31.
- the heating is performed by means of one or more infrared sources which irradiate the particles, the infrared sources being exemplarily housed in the inner chamber and exemplarily distributed along the axial direction from the open inlet to the open outlet.
- the blown hot air has a temperature progressively decreasing moving along the axial direction from the open inlet 30, in proximity of which the air has temperature exemplarily equal to about 270°C, to the open outlet, in proximity of which the air has temperature exemplarily equal to about 70°C.
- FIG 5 it is shown an example of a temperature profile of the particles 2 along the axial direction from the open inlet 30 (corresponding to the zero on the x-axis of the graph) to the open outlet 31 (corresponding to point Lf on the x-axis of the graph).
- the particles 2 are fed at T0 (exemplarily equal to ambient temperature) in the tumble drier 22.
- T1 exemplarily equal to about 130°C.
- the process further comprises letting the tumble-dried particles 2' cool down to room temperature.
- Exemplarily a moisture content measured according to ISO18134-1:2015 in the particles 2' at the open outlet 31 is equal to about 11-12% of a moisture content in the particles 2 at the open inlet 30.
- Exemplarily the advancing (and the heating) of the particles 2 from the open inlet 30 to the open outlet 31 is carried out for a time interval equal to about 360 s.
- Exemplarily the tumble-dried particles 2' in output from the tumble-drier 22 can be sieved, e.g. by means of a sieving device 23 (for example of known type), for obtaining the granules 201 with the above sieve size (0,5-2,5 mm).
- a sieving device 23 for example of known type
- the scrap particles 201' (tumble-dried and sieved) outside the desired sieve size can be recycled in various way.
- the particles 201' exceeding the desired sieve size can be brought back at the open inlet 30 of the tumble-drier 22 in order to be subjected again to the tumble-drying operation which can reduce their size.
- the particles 201' (above and/or below the desired sieve size) can be fed to a station 51 for producing the infill particles 202.
- Figure 2b schematically shows the station 51. It is noted that the scheme shown in Fig. 2b may also represent a flow diagram of a process for producing the infill particles 202. Firstly, fragments 50 of a plant material (which may be the same of the particles 2 or different) are provided.
- the fragments 50 are fragments of olive pits obtained by grinding the scrap particles 201'.
- integer olive pits such as the above particles 2', or the granules 201, i.e., respectively before or after sieving, or integer olive pits (after oil extraction) dried by a different drying process such as by oven treatment, can be used as raw material to be grinded for obtaining the fragments 50.
- the grinding is exemplarily carried out by feeding the raw material (e.g., scrap particles 201') to one or more grinding mills 41 (only schematically shown) in which for example there is a respective blades/counter-blades system (for example of known type).
- the grinding can comprise a coarse pre-grinding of the particles 201' and a subsequent fine grinding. In this way about 85-90% in weight of the fragments 50 has size less than or equal to 1 mm (this favours the incorporation of the fragments in the polymeric matrix as explained below).
- the fragments 50 are fed together with an amount 51 of polylactic acid (exemplarily dried, e.g., by a dehumidifier) to an extruder 42.
- the extruder 42 is a twin-screw extruder with co-rotating screws at least partially penetrating.
- the working condition of the twin-screw extruder are: rotation velocity of the screws equal to about 300 rpm and pressure equal to about 30 bar.
- the following components can be fed to the extruder 42:
- the extruder 42 comprises a plurality of feeding mouths distributed along the screw development direction of the extruder 42.
- the feeding of the above components can be performed either to the same feeding mouth or to feeding mouths spatially separated from each other. In this way, the components can be blend and/or heated at a different extent (e.g., different time intervals).
- the process can provide preparing a mixture of one or more of the above components inside a further mixing device (for example of known type), the latter acting as a tank for feeding the mixture to the extruder.
- the further mixing device comprises a stirring and feeding device which carries out a forced mixing of the components for obtaining the mixture and the feeding of a predetermined amount of mixture to the extruder.
- the components are heated, exemplarily to a temperature equal to about 190°C, and blended for obtaining a (heterogeneous) blend comprising the PLA in a softened state and all the other components (including the fragments 50) dispersed and/or distributed in the PLA.
- the extruder 42 comprises a series of heating elements (of known type, not shown) for allowing the heating.
- the blending of the blend, as well as its displacement along the extruder, is carried out by the rotation of the screws of the extruder 42 (which are at least partially helicoidal screws).
- Exemplarily the components fed into the extruder 42 enters, by rotation of the screws, in a compression area wherein the blend is formed, with the PLA that softens when subjected to strong pressures and heat application.
- the final blend comprises the following composition: 57% of PLA, 30% of fragments, 7% of ESBO, 1% of anti UV-rays additive, 1% of anti-oxidant additive, 3% of dye and 1% of biocidal agent.
- the blend is moved towards the extrusion/outlet head of the extruder 42 for being extruded, exemplarily in the form of a continuous stripe 52 which is transported, e.g., by a pulley system and/or a roller system (not shown), to a cooling station 43 for being cooled.
- the cooling station 43 comprises one or more containers (e.g., in series) with water at room temperature, with the continuous stripe 52 that is immersed in the water and, after the cooling operation, transported to a drying station (not shown), exemplarily comprising an air blower, for being dried.
- the continuous stripe 52 is pelletized (for example by a suitable pelletizer 44 of known type) to obtain pellets 53 of blend.
- the pellets 53 of blend are then exemplarily continuously fed to a grinding mill 45 which carries out a grinding of the pellets 53 of blend for obtaining the infill particles 202.
- the grinding mill 45 comprises a further sieving device (not shown) which cooperates with the grinder and avoids that the infill particles 202 are ejected before the desired size is obtained.
- Exemplarily the infill particles 202 are in the form of fibres, as shown in figure 6 which represents a photograph of the fibres 202 taken at the microscope.
- Exemplarily the fibres have a main dimension, which is exemplarily called "length", greater than both its width and thickness.
- Exemplarily the fibres 202 have an average length equal to about 3 mm and an average thickness exemplarily equal to about 50 ⁇ m. These average dimensions of the fibres have been exemplarily taken by microscope measurement with a statistical approach (e.g., the average dimensions are obtained by the ratio between the length of the "field of view” of the microscope, having a standard dimension, and the number of fibres needed for entirely occupying the "field of view”).
- Exemplarily the fibres 202 have a jagged profile along the main dimension (the length) with thin, wry, filaments protruding from their surface (as shown in figure 6 ). This helps the entanglement of the fibres and the formation of a sponge-like structure, as explained above.
- the granules 201 and the fibres 202 can then be stored in sacks (or other type of containers) in the desired proportion (i.e., already forming the mixture with the desired weight content of granules 201, exemplarily equal to about 90%, and of infill particles 202, exemplarily equal to about 10%). In this way the realization of the layer of infill material can be simplified.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2022/062733 WO2023144621A1 (fr) | 2022-01-28 | 2022-12-23 | Procédé de production d'un matériau de remplissage pour une surface de gazon synthétique |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PT11776822 | 2022-01-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4220054A1 true EP4220054A1 (fr) | 2023-08-02 |
Family
ID=86945882
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22159107.6A Pending EP4220054A1 (fr) | 2022-01-28 | 2022-02-28 | Procédé de production d'un matériau de remplissage pour une surface de gazon synthétique |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4220054A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024052414A1 (fr) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-03-14 | Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-Gmbh | Remblaiement de gazon artificiel avec matériau de noyaux d'olives traité thermiquement |
Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5157849A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1992-10-27 | Ronning Engineering Company, Inc. | High density single pass heat exchanger for drying fragmented moisture-bearing products |
WO2006109110A1 (fr) | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-19 | Italgreen S.P.A. | Structure de gazon artificiel et procede de fabrication |
US20100055461A1 (en) | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | Daluise Daniel A | Artificial turf infill |
KR20100026956A (ko) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-03-10 | 코오롱글로텍주식회사 | 축구장용 인조잔디 구조체 |
EP1368188B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-01 | 2010-04-28 | Hexion Specialty Chemicals Research Belgium S.A. | Agent de soutenement composite, elements filtrants, elements de gravillonnage de crepines et elements de terrains de sport, procedes de production et d'utilisation de ceux-ci |
KR20100108498A (ko) * | 2009-03-28 | 2010-10-07 | 오은영 | 유기 또는 무기 원료 코아의 표면에 탄성의 유기수지가 코팅되어 제조된 탄성입자 |
KR20110000303U (ko) * | 2009-07-04 | 2011-01-12 | 맹기영 | 인조잔디용 충진재 |
CN102032758A (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-04-27 | 贵州大自然科技有限公司 | 一种植物纤维丝干燥方法和装置 |
US20150252537A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2015-09-10 | Mar.Project S.R.L. | Infill for synthetic and hybrid turfs and turfs so obtained |
CN106500475A (zh) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-15 | 中国农业大学 | 一种颗粒物料三回程转筒干燥机 |
US20180080183A1 (en) | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-22 | Tarkett Inc. | Organic infill for artificial turf fields |
WO2019215768A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-14 | MAR.PROJECT S.r.l | Matériau de charge pour gazons artificiels et gazons artificiels ainsi obtenus |
WO2020188609A1 (fr) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-09-24 | Roberto Nusca | Procédé et appareil pour le traitement d'un matériau végétal à utiliser comme matériau de remplissage pour des gazons synthétiques et/ou naturels |
WO2021062488A1 (fr) * | 2019-10-02 | 2021-04-08 | Irtech Pty Ltd | Appareil et procédé d'irradiation de matériaux au moyen d'un rayonnement infrarouge |
KR102243309B1 (ko) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-04-22 | 주식회사 지에스케이 | 탄화 우드칩을 이용한 인조잔디 시스템 충진재 및 이의 제조 방법 |
US20210251158A1 (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-08-19 | Genus Industries, Llc Dba Icoir Products Group | Turf and lawn coir |
-
2022
- 2022-02-28 EP EP22159107.6A patent/EP4220054A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5157849A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1992-10-27 | Ronning Engineering Company, Inc. | High density single pass heat exchanger for drying fragmented moisture-bearing products |
EP1368188B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-01 | 2010-04-28 | Hexion Specialty Chemicals Research Belgium S.A. | Agent de soutenement composite, elements filtrants, elements de gravillonnage de crepines et elements de terrains de sport, procedes de production et d'utilisation de ceux-ci |
WO2006109110A1 (fr) | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-19 | Italgreen S.P.A. | Structure de gazon artificiel et procede de fabrication |
US20100055461A1 (en) | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | Daluise Daniel A | Artificial turf infill |
KR20100108498A (ko) * | 2009-03-28 | 2010-10-07 | 오은영 | 유기 또는 무기 원료 코아의 표면에 탄성의 유기수지가 코팅되어 제조된 탄성입자 |
KR20100026956A (ko) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-03-10 | 코오롱글로텍주식회사 | 축구장용 인조잔디 구조체 |
KR20110000303U (ko) * | 2009-07-04 | 2011-01-12 | 맹기영 | 인조잔디용 충진재 |
CN102032758A (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-04-27 | 贵州大自然科技有限公司 | 一种植物纤维丝干燥方法和装置 |
US20150252537A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2015-09-10 | Mar.Project S.R.L. | Infill for synthetic and hybrid turfs and turfs so obtained |
US20180080183A1 (en) | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-22 | Tarkett Inc. | Organic infill for artificial turf fields |
CN106500475A (zh) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-15 | 中国农业大学 | 一种颗粒物料三回程转筒干燥机 |
WO2019215768A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-14 | MAR.PROJECT S.r.l | Matériau de charge pour gazons artificiels et gazons artificiels ainsi obtenus |
US20210251158A1 (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-08-19 | Genus Industries, Llc Dba Icoir Products Group | Turf and lawn coir |
WO2020188609A1 (fr) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-09-24 | Roberto Nusca | Procédé et appareil pour le traitement d'un matériau végétal à utiliser comme matériau de remplissage pour des gazons synthétiques et/ou naturels |
WO2021062488A1 (fr) * | 2019-10-02 | 2021-04-08 | Irtech Pty Ltd | Appareil et procédé d'irradiation de matériaux au moyen d'un rayonnement infrarouge |
KR102243309B1 (ko) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-04-22 | 주식회사 지에스케이 | 탄화 우드칩을 이용한 인조잔디 시스템 충진재 및 이의 제조 방법 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CAS , no. 19911-50-70 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024052414A1 (fr) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-03-14 | Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-Gmbh | Remblaiement de gazon artificiel avec matériau de noyaux d'olives traité thermiquement |
EP4335968B1 (fr) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-07-17 | Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-GmbH | Procédé de fabrication d'un remplissage de gazon artificiel avec matériau de noyaux d'olives traité thermiquement |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101983826B1 (ko) | 친환경 탄성코르크칩 연속식 제조 장치, 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 친환경 탄성코르크칩, 그 탄성코르크칩을 이용한 친환경 도로포장방법 | |
EP2206833A1 (fr) | Méthode de production d'un matériau de remplissage pour gazon artificiel, ainsi que matériau de remplissage et gazon artificiel correspondants | |
EP4220054A1 (fr) | Procédé de production d'un matériau de remplissage pour une surface de gazon synthétique | |
EP3601658B1 (fr) | Remplissage pour système de gazon artificiel et procédé de production | |
AU2017304472B2 (en) | Artificial turf infill comprising natural fibers embedded in a vulcanized portion | |
KR102040188B1 (ko) | 천연 성분 토양 개량 비료 제조 방법 | |
EP3512683B1 (fr) | Procédé pour la production d'un granulat en matière biologique à base de coques de graines de tournesol/matériau d'enveloppe de graines de tournesol | |
WO2023144621A1 (fr) | Procédé de production d'un matériau de remplissage pour une surface de gazon synthétique | |
EP3604677A1 (fr) | Matériau de remplissage de gazon artificiel avec des granulés d'épi de maïs revêtus de polyuréthane | |
EP4219832A1 (fr) | Matériau de remplissage pour surface de gazon synthétique et procédé de production associé | |
WO2023144620A1 (fr) | Matériau de remplissage pour surface de gazon synthétique et procédé de production associé | |
CN208695236U (zh) | 一种基于塑料制品用浅灰白亚光粉末涂料制备设备 | |
US20200216673A1 (en) | Thermoplastic synthetic turf infill comprising organic filler | |
EP4335969B1 (fr) | Remplissage de gazon artificiel avec des fragments de noyaux d'olive et des particules de zéolite microporeuses | |
EP3336252A1 (fr) | Materiau de remplissage de gazon artificiel comportant une partie vulcanisée et des fibres naturelles | |
EP4335968B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'un remplissage de gazon artificiel avec matériau de noyaux d'olives traité thermiquement | |
US20240068174A1 (en) | Production process of a granular infill material and related granular infill material | |
EP4335967B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'un remplissage de gazon artificiel avec des fragments de noyaux d'olive arrondis | |
KR102678052B1 (ko) | 폐잣송이를 활용한 항균성 합성목재 및 그 제조방법 | |
US20240011227A1 (en) | Coconut hard shell granular infill for synthetic sport fields | |
US20230345887A1 (en) | Turf and lawn coir | |
JPH06257259A (ja) | 雨 樋 | |
CN108816476A (zh) | 一种基于塑料制品用浅灰白亚光粉末涂料制备设备 | |
RU2105740C1 (ru) | Способ получения гранулированного птичьего помета и устройство для очистки помета от пера | |
JP2005022358A (ja) | 牧草梱包用フィルムからの再生樹脂の回収方法、牧草を原料に含む樹脂成形品の製造方法及び樹脂成形品、並びに、前記樹脂成形品を材料とした牧柵 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20240117 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |