EP4217576A1

EP4217576A1 - Insulated glazing unit having an electrically conductive coating and/or an electrically controllable functional element

Info

Publication number: EP4217576A1
Application number: EP21770204.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Sebastian SARRACH; Ariane WEISSLER; Michael Hirsch
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date: 2020-09-24
Filing date: 2021-09-01
Publication date: 2023-08-02
Also published as: US20230333433A1; JP2023537984A; WO2022063535A1; CN116234970A; TW202214435A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insulated glazing unit (10), comprising at least two panes (6, 8) and at least one spacer (9), which has two pane contact surfaces (9.1, 9.2), which run parallel to each other, wherein a first pane contact surface (9.1) is connected to a first pane (6) by a sealing means and a second pane contact surface (9.2) is connected to the second pane (8) by a sealing means, such that a glazing interior space (11) and a glazing exterior space (13) are formed, and wherein at least one pane (6, 8) is at least partly provided, on the side facing the glazing interior space (11), with an electrically conductive coating and/or with an electrically controllable functional element (5), and two bus bars (7.1, 7.2) are provided for electrically contacting the electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically controllable functional element (5), characterized in that a bus bar (7.1, 7.2) comprises an electrically conductive adhesive tape (1), the electrically conductive adhesive tape (1) comprising an electrically conductive adhesion layer (2), a conducting track (4) and an opaque, electrically insulating cover (3), and the electrically conductive adhesive tape (1) being connected to the electrically conductive coating and/or to the electrically controllable functional element (5) by means of the electrically conductive adhesion layer (2).

Description

Insulating glazing with an electrically conductive coating and/or electrically controllable

functional element

The invention relates to insulating glazing that includes an electrically conductive coating and/or an electrically controllable functional element.

Insulating glazing is increasingly being installed in glass facades on buildings for aesthetic reasons, especially if the facade is optically designed as an all-glass facade. Such insulating glazing consists of at least two panes which are kept at a distance from one another by a spacer. The panes can have a heat protection and/or sun protection coating. Such coatings can also contain silver and thus enable a low transmission of infrared radiation. This can lower the temperature inside a building. In addition to the important property of thermal insulation, functional as well as optical and aesthetic features are increasingly playing an important role in the field of building glazing.

In recent years, glazings with electrochromic properties or those with electrically controllable liquid crystal layers for controlling the light transmission have found increasing use. Insulating glazing with an electrochromic coating requires an electrical connection and bus bars. For example, a problem associated with the busbars present in insulating glazing is that the busbars are generally located within the glazing interior and are visible from both the outside and the inside, which reduces the visible area of the window and is also aesthetically unsightly.

It is known to have an opaque coating, usually screen printed, on a pane, or an opaque component that is applied to a pane so as to obscure the busbars. The aesthetic benefit is very limited as relatively large areas of the pane must be provided with the opaque coating or component to achieve adequate coverage of the busbars when viewed from the outside, unduly limiting the visible area of the insulating glass. For production reasons, also have the opaque Coating or component and the bus bars are different colors, which is also undesirable when viewed from the inside for aesthetic reasons. Nowadays, the busbars in the insulating glazing are only covered from the outside. However, when viewed from the inside of a room, the bus bars and the soldering pad are visible, which also detracts from the aesthetics.

A busbar is, for example, in the form of a strip or a wire. The bus bar is made of an electrically conductive material such as silver or copper. It can be produced, for example, by printing a conductive silver paste onto the electrically conductive and/or electrically switchable coating for electrical contacting. The baked conductive silver paste contains silver particles. If the silver paste is burned in, damage such as a short circuit between the surface electrodes of the electrochromic coating should be avoided.

WO 2020/173785 A1 discloses a glazing unit which has two glass panes connected to one another at a predetermined distance by a spacer profile. One of the panes of glass has an electrically conductive coating on the inside of the glazing unit and a bus bar for electrically connecting the conductive coating. The bus bar is provided with an opaque cover.

US 2014/133005 A1 discloses an electrochromic device having at least one bus bar and a color shading material, wherein the bus bar is coated with a coating material that is substantially non-porous and color-matched to the color shading material, a spacer or a polymeric seal.

The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying insulating glazing that is improved from an aesthetic and, in particular, functional point of view, which can be implemented simply and cost-effectively.

The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by an insulating glazing according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims. The insulating glazing according to the invention comprises at least two panes and at least one spacer which has two pane contact surfaces which run parallel to one another. A first pane contact surface is connected to a first pane of the two panes via a sealant and a second pane contact surface is connected to the second pane via a sealant, so that a glazing interior and a glazing exterior are formed. One of the two panes is at least partially provided with an electrically conductive coating and/or an electrically controllable functional element on the side facing the glazing interior. Two busbars are provided for making electrical contact with the electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically controllable functional element. At least one bus bar comprises an electrically conductive adhesive tape, the electrically conductive adhesive tape having an electrically conductive adhesive layer, a conductor track and an opaque, electrically insulating cover. The busbars are preferably in the form of strips.

Opacity generally denotes the opposite of transparency. In other words, the cover of the adhesive tape lacks transparency. It is opaque, cloudy or dark, especially black.

The insulating glazing according to the invention can achieve a significant improvement in the aesthetic appearance of the insulating glazing compared to the prior art, since the conductor track of the busbar is covered by the cover and is therefore less visible, particularly when viewed from the inside of a room.

The invention brings several advantages. On the one hand, considerable costs can be saved by using an electrically conductive adhesive tape. In addition, sticking the adhesive tape to the electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically controllable functional element can prevent a short circuit occurring between the electrode layers of the functional element as a result of burning busbars on the functional element. The electrically conductive adhesive tape is connected to the electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically controllable functional element via the electrically conductive adhesive layer. The electrically conductive adhesive layer contains at least one electrically conductive material, preferably a metallic material such as silver, gold or aluminum. It is also possible for the electrically conductive adhesive layer to contain a non-metallic, electrically conductive material, for example graphite or carbon. The at least one electrically conductive material can be introduced into an electrically non-conductive adhesive matrix, for example epoxy resin. The at least one electrically conductive material is contained in the adhesive layer in such an amount that a desired current-carrying capacity is achieved. The at least one electrically conductive material is preferably contained in the adhesive layer with a mass fraction of at least 70%.

The trace of the adhesive tape is an electrical conductor whose width is significantly greater than its thickness. The conductive trace is preferably made so thin (i.e. the thickness is small enough) that it is flexible and bendable. In an advantageous embodiment of the adhesive tape, the conductor track consists of a metal foil in the form of a strip or band. For example, the conductor contains copper, aluminum, tin, gold or silver. The conductor track can also contain or consist of alloys with the metals mentioned.

In an advantageous embodiment of the adhesive tape according to the invention, the opaque, electrically insulating covering contains polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The electrically conductive adhesive tape has a thickness of 50 μm to 1 mm, preferably 110 μm. For example, the adhesive tape can be 80 μm to 120 μm thick, with the adhesive layer having a thickness of 25 μm and the conductor track having a thickness of 35 μm. This results in the advantage that the adhesive tape is bendable.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the electrically conductive adhesive tape has a width of 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 2 mm to 4 mm. Widths of this type are particularly suitable for achieving sufficient current-carrying capacity in conjunction with the above-mentioned thicknesses. It goes without saying that the length, width and thickness of the adhesive tape can be adapted to the requirements of each individual case. In a further advantageous embodiment, the opaque, electrically insulating cover almost completely covers the conductor track of the electrically conductive adhesive tape. This has the advantage that the conductor track is better protected against corrosion and dirt.

Furthermore, a first busbar can extend along a first side edge of the electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically controllable functional element and a second busbar can extend along a second side edge of the electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically controllable functional element. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the two busbars are arranged on opposite sides of the insulating glazing in the interior of the glazing. The busbars are preferably arranged in such a way that they are arranged horizontally when the insulating glazing is installed. However, it is also possible for them to be arranged vertically when installed.

In a further embodiment, a bus bar can also be routed around the corner, i.e. the bus bar is located on two sides of the insulating glazing which are connected to one another. In this case, the busbar can also be designed to be interrupted, particularly in the case of large insulating glazing, and be designed in two parts. The busbar then has two limbs which are angled towards one another and which are arranged at an angle to one another, in particular an angle of less than 180°, preferably approximately 90°. At a corner of the insulating glazing, the legs can be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner, for example via an electrically conductive bridge element. For this purpose, the bridge element has an electrically conductive material, for example copper.

As an alternative to the connection via the bridge element, a first leg can at least partially overlap a second leg, the first leg and the second leg being arranged at an angle to one another.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the second leg has a connection area for making electrical contact between the first leg and the second leg. For this purpose, the opaque, electrically insulating cover of the second leg has a recess in the connection area. The recess forms a material-free Passage to the conductor track of the second leg. The recess is, for example, a rectangular, circular or oval opening in the opaque, electrically insulating cover, it being understood that any shape is possible in principle. The volume of the recess is such that the first leg of the bus bar can be reliably and securely bonded to the conductor track of the second leg by means of the electrically conductive adhesive layer. The connection area is advantageously of flat design and preferably consists of a non-insulated area of the second leg. Such flat connection areas are particularly suitable for making contact with electrically conductive adhesive tapes, since they have a large area that can be brought into contact with the electrically conductive adhesive layer of the adhesive tape and thus form a low-impedance electrical line connection.

In a further embodiment, the second leg has a first section, a second section and a fold, in which the first section and the second section of the second leg are arranged at least partially one above the other. The first section being perpendicular to the second section and the adhesive layer of the second section facing the glazing interior. The second section has an area in which the first busbar and the second busbar overlap, so that an electrically conductive connection is created between the first and the second leg of the busbar. In this case, the second section has a contact region which is provided for electrical contacting with the first leg, so that an electrically conductive connection is created between the first leg and the second leg.

The insulating glazing comprises at least two panes which are kept at a distance from one another by at least one spacer. Another name for insulating glazing is multi-pane insulating glass. The insulating glazing can be, for example, double-pane insulating glass, which comprises two panes, triple-pane insulating glass, which comprises three panes, or four-pane insulating glass, which comprises four panes. The insulating glazing preferably comprises two or three panes.

Of the at least two panes of insulating glazing, two panes are outer panes that are in contact with the outside environment. An outer pane has one side, the inner side or inside, facing a glazing interior and the other side, the outer side or outside, the outside environment. In a preferred embodiment, an outer pane is a laminated pane of at least two individual panes, in particular the outer pane, which faces outwards when installed. If the insulating glazing comprises more than two panes, one or more panes, the inner panes, are arranged between the two outer panes. An inner pane has one side facing one glazing cavity and the other side facing another glazing cavity.

The insulating glazing according to the invention comprises at least one spacer, preferably one or two spacers. The spacer has two pane contact surfaces running parallel to one another. The spacers known from the prior art can be used as spacers.

Spacers that space two panes apart are common. These can be used in general for multi-pane insulating glass, such as double-pane insulating glass, triple-pane insulating glass and four-pane insulating glass. Accordingly, two or three such spacers are required for three-pane insulating glass and four-pane insulating glass, a first spacer for spacing one outer pane from the inner pane and a second spacer for spacing the other outer pane from the inner pane. Spacers are also known which can space three panes apart.

In a preferred embodiment, the spacer has an interior glazing surface connected to the two panel contact surfaces and an exterior surface connected to the two panel contact surfaces directly or via connection surfaces. The glazing interior surface faces the glazing interior, while the outer surface, often referred to as the bonding surface, faces the glazing exterior.

In a preferred embodiment, the outer surface is connected to the two disk contact surfaces via connecting surfaces, ie via one connecting surface to one disk contact surface and/or via another connecting surface to the other disk contact surface, with both disk contact surfaces preferably using such Connecting surfaces are connected to the outer surface. For example, the connecting surface may be at an angle in the range of 30° to 60° to the outer surface. The two pane contact surfaces are generally approximately perpendicular or perpendicular to the plane in which the outer surface is located and/or to the plane in which the glazing interior surface is located. As a rule, the outer surface and the inner surface of the glazing run parallel to one another. The glazing interior surface is usually connected directly to the two pane contact surfaces. However, the glazing interior surface can optionally also be connected to the pane contact surfaces via connecting surfaces.

The spacer can optionally have one or more cavities in the interior, preferably a central cavity. Desiccant is usually contained in the cavity or cavities. The glazing interior surface preferably has openings in order to facilitate the absorption of atmospheric moisture by desiccants that may be present in the spacer.

It goes without saying that the dimensions of the spacer depend on the dimensions of the insulating glazing. The width of the spacer can be, for example, in the range 4 to 30 mm, preferably 8 to 16 mm. The height of the spacer can be, for example, in the range of 5 to 15 mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm. The width of a spacer refers to the direction from one side contact surface to the other side contact surface. Height refers to the direction from the exterior surface to the interior glazing surface.

In the case of three-pane insulating glass, a spacer suitable for spacing three panes can be used in an alternative embodiment. Such a spacer corresponds to a spacer as described above, except that a receiving device for a pane is additionally provided in the glazing interior surface. The receiving device for a pane can be designed, for example, in the form of a groove. If this type of spacer has one or more desiccant-containing cavities inside, there are preferably two cavities, one cavity being on one side of the receiving device and the other cavity being on the opposite side of the receiving device. As already mentioned, two individual spacers can also be used for three-pane insulating glass to separate two panes. It goes without saying that the dimensions of the spacer, which is suitable for spacing three panes, also depend on the dimensions of the insulating glazing. The width of such a spacer can be, for example, in the range from 10 to 50 mm, preferably 20 to 36 mm. The height can be, for example, in the range from 5 to 15 mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm.

The spacer used in the insulating glazing is formed of metal or plastic, for example, with plastic being preferred. Examples of suitable metals are stainless steel and aluminum. Materials with lower thermal conductivity, so-called “warm edge” systems, are preferred as the plastic. Plastic spacers are also referred to as polymeric spacers.

Spacers made of plastic can, for example, be one or more polymers selected from polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene, polybutadiene, polynitrile, polyester, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate ( PET), silicone, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acryl ester styrene acrylonitrile (ASA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polycarbonate (ABS/PC), styrene acrylonitrile (SAN), PET/ PC, PBT/PC and/or copolymers thereof, ABS, ASA, ABS/PC, SAN, PET/PC, PBT/PC and/or copolymers thereof being preferred.

The spacer, especially those made of plastic, may optionally contain one or more additives customary for such materials, e.g. drying agents, coloring agents, e.g. pigments or dyes, reinforcing materials, fillers, light stabilizers, stabilizers, release agents and the like. Desiccants can be contained in cavities or recesses of the spacer or in the plastic matrix of the spacer. Other additives are usually included in the plastic matrix of the spacer. Examples of suitable desiccants are silica gels, molecular sieves, CaCh, Na2SC>4, activated carbon, silicates, bentonites, zeolites and/or mixtures thereof.

The spacer can be transparent, but in a preferred embodiment it is non-transparent, ie opaque. Common colors for the spacer are, for example, black, white, brown, or gray, especially if it is a plastic spacer. With a metal spacer, the color is usually determined by the material used.

The panes of the insulating glazing can be made of organic glass or, preferably, of inorganic glass. In an advantageous embodiment of the insulating glazing according to the invention, the panes can be made of flat glass, float glass, soda-lime glass, quartz glass or borosilicate glass, independently of one another. The thickness of each slice can vary and thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably discs with standard thicknesses from 1 mm to 19 mm and preferably from 2 mm to 8 mm are used. The discs can be colorless or colored. At least one pane can be designed as structured glass.

The panes of the insulating glazing are, in particular, insulating glass panes, laminated panes or single glass panes. A composite pane can comprise at least two panes which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer. The intermediate layer can preferably be a thermoplastic such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) or multiple layers thereof, preferably with thicknesses of 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm.

The insulating glazing preferably comprises at least one pane, more preferably at least two panes, which is or are independently a float glass pane, a laminated pane, structured glass or a colored or frosted glass. More preferably, at least one pane is a float glass pane.

The insulating glazing comprises at least one pane which is at least partially provided with an electrically conductive coating and/or an electrically conductive functional element on the side facing the or a glazing interior. The electrically conductive coating can optionally be an electrically switchable coating. The electrically conductive functional element can optionally be an electrically switchable functional element. The electrically conductive coating or the electrically conductive functional element is usually provided on an inside of one of the two outer panes or, if present, on one of the sides of an inner pane, with the electrically conductive coating or the electrically conductive functional element preferably on an inside applied to an outer pane. In a preferred embodiment, the outer pane, on the inside of which the electrically conductive coating or the electrically conductive functional element is attached, is the outer pane that faces outwards when installed, the outer pane preferably being a laminated glass made of at least two individual glasses.

Such an electrically conductive coating or such an electrically conductive functional element can function, for example, as lighting, heating or an antenna, or can be used in electrically switchable glazing such as displays or electrochromic glazing. Such a coating or such a functional element can, for example, also be suitable for an alarm glass for intrusion detection or a glass for protection against electromagnetic radiation.

The electrically conductive coating or the electrically conductive functional element is preferably an electrochromic coating, a transparent, electrically conductive coating or one or more photovoltaic elements such as solar cells for generating electricity, with an electrochromic coating being particularly preferred.

The electrochromic coating preferably comprises at least two electrode layers and two electrochemically active layers located between the two electrode layers, which are separated from one another by an electrolyte layer. The two active layers are each capable of reversibly intercalating small ions, with at least one of the two layers consisting of an electrochromic material which has different oxidation states which correspond to the intercalated and deintercalated state of the ions and have a different colour. By applying electrical voltages of different polarity, the incorporation and deintercalation of the ions can be controlled in order to specifically influence the optical transmission of the coating. The transparent, electrically conductive coating can be permeable to electromagnetic radiation, preferably electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 300 to 1300 nm, in particular visible light of 390 nm to 780 nm. "Transparent" means that the overall transmission of the pane is particularly preferably >70% and in particular >75% permeable for visible light.

The transparent, electrically conductive coating is preferably a functional coating, more preferably a coating with a sun protection effect. A coating with a sun protection effect has reflective properties in the infrared range. The transparent, electrically conductive coating can have particularly low emissivities (Low-E). This advantageously reduces heating of the interior of a building as a result of solar radiation. Panes that are provided with such a transparent, electrically conductive coating are commercially available and are referred to as low-E glass (low-emissivity glass).

Such coatings typically contain at least one metal, in particular silver or a silver-containing alloy. The transparent, electrically conductive coating can comprise a sequence of several individual layers, in particular at least one metallic layer and dielectric layers, which contain at least one metal oxide, for example. The metal oxide preferably includes zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or the like, and combinations of one or more thereof. The dielectric material may also include silicon nitride, silicon carbide, or aluminum nitride.

Particularly suitable transparent, electrically conductive coatings contain at least one metal, preferably silver, nickel, chromium, niobium, tin, titanium, copper, palladium, zinc, gold, cadmium, aluminum, silicon, tungsten or alloys thereof, and/or at least one metal oxide layer , preferably tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO2:Sb), and/or carbon nanotubes and/or optically transparent, electrically conductive polymers, preferably poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polystyrene sulfonate, poly(4,4-dioctylcyclopentadithiophene), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, mixtures and/or copolymers from that. The transparent, electrically conductive coating preferably has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 5 μm and particularly preferably of 30 nm to 1 μm. The surface resistance of the transparent, electrically conductive coating is, for example, 0.35 ohms/square to 200 ohms/square, preferably 0.6 ohms/square to 30 ohms/square and in particular from 2 ohms/square to 20 ohms/square.

The insulating glazing comprises at least two busbars, which are arranged on the electrically conductive coating and/or on the electrically conductive functional element and are in electrical contact with them. The busbar is also referred to as a busbar or "bus bar".

The electrically conductive coating, in particular the electrochromic coating, or the electrically conductive functional element are thus electrically connected to the at least two busbars. As a rule, two busbars are provided on the electrically conductive coating or on the electrically conductive functional element.

In the insulating glazing according to the invention, one pane contact surface of a spacer is connected to a pane via a sealant and the other pane contact surface of the spacer is connected to another pane via a sealant. In this way, at least one glazing interior and at least one glazing exterior is formed.

The glazing interior is delimited by the two panes, the spacer and the sealant placed between the pane and the pane contact surface and represents a closed cavity. The glazing interior can be filled with air or another gas, in particular an inert gas such as argon or krypton. Using a spacer that spaces three panes apart as described above, two glazing interiors are formed, one between an outer pane and the inner pane and one between the other outer pane and the inner pane. The glazing cavity surface of the spacer faces the glazing cavity. The glazing exterior is also formed by the two panes, the spacer and the sealant placed between the pane and the pane contact surface and is located opposite the glazing interior in the outer edge area of the insulating glazing. The glazing cavity is open on the side opposite the spacer. The outer surface of the spacer faces the glazing exterior.

The panes, the sealant placed between the pane and the pane contact surface, and the spacer delimit the interior of the glazing from the exterior of the glazing and belong neither to the interior of the glazing nor to the exterior of the glazing.

The sealant for connecting the side contact surface of the spacer and the pane serves on the one hand to bond the spacer to the pane and on the other hand to seal the gap between the spacer and pane. Suitable sealants are based, for example, on butyl rubber, polyisobutylene (PIB), polyethylene vinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyolefin rubber, copolymers and/or mixtures thereof.

The electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically conductive functional element can be arranged in the region of the interior of the glazing over the entire surface or over part of the surface of the pane.

Depending on the position of the electrically conductive coating or the electrically conductive functional element, the at least two busbars are generally connected to an inside of one of the two outer panes or, if present, to one of the sides of an inner pane, with the busbars preferably being connected to an inside of an outer pane disc are connected. When the insulating glazing is installed, it can be the outer pane that faces the interior or the outer pane that faces away from the interior.

Furthermore, the insulating glazing generally has one or more, preferably at least one or two, electrical connection elements for connection to a power supply and one or more, preferably at least one or two, electrical contact elements for electrically connecting the bus bars to the electrical connection elements. The connection elements can be, for example, a cable and/or a flexible printed circuit board with at least one electrical component. The cable can be a flat cable or a round cable, for example. The cable can have one or more conductors. Flexible printed circuit boards usually have a flexible plastic carrier on which an electronic circuit is printed.

The electrical contact element for the electrical connection of the busbars to the electrical connection element is, for example, a spring contact, or contact is preferably made by means of soldering, but adhesive contacts are also conceivable. Suitable contact elements are familiar to those skilled in the art, for example in the form of plug contacts or crimp connections.

In the insulating glazing according to the invention, an outer seal is generally introduced as usual in the at least one glazing exterior. The outer seal can be directly adjacent to the outer surface of the spacer or connected thereto via a sealant. For example, the sealants described above are suitable as intermediate sealants. The outer seal usually fills the entire width of the glazing cavity between the panes.

The outer seal preferably contains a polymer or a silane-modified polymer, particularly preferably organic polysulfides, silicones, silicone rubber, which can be crosslinked at room temperature, crosslinked at high temperature, crosslinked peroxide and/or crosslinked by addition, polyurethanes and/or butyl rubber. Such substances have very good adhesion to glass, so that the outer seal is primarily used to bond the panes and contributes to the mechanical stability of the insulating glazing. In an optional embodiment, additives to increase the resistance to aging, for example UV stabilizers, can also be present.

The insulating glazing can comprise an opaque coating which is applied in the edge area of a pane, preferably on an outer side of the first pane. The opaque coating serves as a flat visual protection element, in the edge area applied to a disc. The opaque coating can also be formed all around the edge area of the pane.

The insulating glazing according to the invention is particularly suitable as interior glazing for buildings, exterior glazing for buildings or facade glazing. the

The invention therefore also relates to the use of the insulating glazing according to the invention

Building interior glazing, building exterior glazing or facade glazing.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures and exemplary embodiments. The figures are a schematic representation and are not drawn to scale. The figures do not limit the invention in any way.

Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of an electrically conductive adhesive tape with a cover,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of an electrically controllable functional element,

FIG. 3 shows a detail of an insulating glazing according to the invention in cross section,

FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section of a first inventive embodiment of a corner connection of a busbar,

Figure 5 is a plan view of the corner assembly of Figure 4,

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section of a second inventive embodiment of a corner connection,

Figure 7 is a plan view of the corner assembly of Figure 6;

FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross section of a third inventive embodiment of a corner connection,

Figure 9 is a plan view of the corner assembly of Figure 8;

FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross section of a fourth inventive embodiment of a corner connection,

Figure 11 is a plan view of the corner assembly of Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a plan view of a fifth inventive embodiment of a corner joint,

Figure 13 is a plan view of the fifth embodiment of a different angle corner joint, and

Figure 14 is a plan view of other corner joint designs.

Specifications with numerical values are generally not to be understood as exact values, but also include a tolerance of +/- 1% to +/- 10%. FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of the electrically conductive adhesive tape 1. The electrically conductive adhesive tape 1 has an electrically conductive adhesive layer 2. FIG. There is a conductor track 4 between the electrically conductive adhesive layer and a cover 3. The cover 3 has a thickness of about 50 μm. The conductor track 4 comprises a layer of copper in the form of a strip. The conductor track 4 has a thickness of about 35 μm. The electrically conductive adhesive layer 2 is used for adhering the conductor track 4 to a pane and has a large amount of electrically conductive material. The electrically conductive adhesive layer 2 has a thickness of about 25 μm. The electrically conductive adhesive tape 1 is flexible.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of an electrically controllable functional element 5. The functional element 5 is an electrochromic functional element which is arranged on an inside surface of a first pane 6. FIG. Alternatively, the pane 6 can be provided with an electrically conductive coating.

The functional element 5 extends almost completely over the inside surface of the first pane 6, minus an edge area from the pane edge of the pane 6. Alternatively,

The functional element 5 is electrically contacted by a first bus bar 7.1 (also referred to as a bus bar) formed from the adhesive tape 1 and a second bus bar 7.2 (bus bar) formed from the adhesive tape 1. The first busbar 7.1 is applied to a first electrode layer 5.1 and the second busbar 7.2 is applied to a second electrode layer 5.1 of the functional element 5.

The electrochromic functional element 5 comprises the two electrode layers 5.1 and two electrochemically active layers 5.2, 5.3 located between the two electrode layers 5.1, which are separated from one another by an electrolyte layer 5.4. The two active layers are each able to store ions reversibly, with at least one of the two layers 5.2, 5.3 consisting of an electrochromic material that has different oxidation states that correspond to the stored or released state of the ions and have a different color . By applying an electrical voltage to the Both busbars 7.1, 7.2 can be used to control the incorporation and removal of the ions in order to control the optical transmission of the functional element 5 in a targeted manner.

In addition, an electrically insulating anti-reflection layer 5.6 can be arranged on the upper electrode layer 5.1. The anti-reflection layer comprises a dielectric material with a refractive index of 1.4 to 1.6. For this purpose, the antireflection layer 5.6 has a plurality of recesses in the area of the busbar 7.1, so that the electrode layer 5.1 can be connected to the busbar 7.1 via the electrically conductive adhesive layer 2 or is electrically connected to the busbar. The thickness of the antireflection layer is preferably 20 nm to 100 nm. The width of the cutouts is sufficient to ensure electrical contact between the surface electrode 5.1 and the bus bar 7.1. Such antireflection layers are described by way of example in WO 2019/055306 A1, to which reference is made for the antireflection layer and the gaps.

FIG. 3 shows a section of insulating glazing 10 in cross section. The insulating glazing 10 comprises the first pane 6 and a second pane 8 which are connected via a spacer 9 . The spacer 9 is fitted between the first pane 6 and the second pane 8 arranged parallel thereto. The spacer 9 has a first pane contact surface 9.1, a second pane contact surface 9.2, which runs parallel to the first pane contact surface 9.1, an outer surface 9.3 and a glazing interior surface 9.4. The outer surface 9.3 is connected to the two pane contact surfaces 9.1, 9.2 via a connecting surface. The spacer 9 has a cavity 9.5 which can contain desiccants.

A glazing interior 11 (not fully shown) is defined by the first pane 6, the second pane 8 and the glazing interior surface 9.4 of the spacer 9. The first disk 6 is connected to the first disk contact surface 9.1 via a sealant and the second disk 8 is connected to the second disk contact surface 9.2 via a sealant. An outer glazing space 13 is delimited by the first pane 6, the second pane 8 and the outer surface 9.3 of the spacer 9 and is covered with an outer seal 14. The first pane 6 has the electrochromic functional element 5 on the inside surface. The functional element 5 extends almost over the entire area over the inside surface of the first pane 6, minus an edge area from the pane edge of the pane. The functional element 5 is contacted by the first busbar 7.1, which is located in the interior 11 of the glazing. The insulating glazing 10 has electrical connection elements, not shown in FIG. 3, for example ribbon cables or cables, which can be connected to an external voltage source (not shown in FIG. 3). The first busbar 7.1 and a connection element are electrically conductively connected to one another via a contact element. The electrical contact between the first electrode layer 5.1 and the first bus bar 7.1 is established by the electrically conductive adhesive layer 2. FIG. The contact element can be designed as a flexible, T-shaped cable. The T-shaped cable can have two metallic contacting surfaces on its two side arms, which are provided for contacting the conductor track 4 of the bus bar 7.1. The electrical contact between the contact element and the conductor track 4 can be made by soldering or gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive.

The first pane 6 is a float glass in the form of a laminated safety glass VSG. The laminated safety glass has two individual panes (6.1 and 6.3) which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer 6.2. It is preferably a laminated safety glass made from a 4 mm (or 5 mm) thick pane 6.1, which is connected to a 2.2 mm thick EC pane 6.3 (electrochromic glass). The 4 mm thick pane 6.1 is a float glass.

The thick disk 6.1 is provided on the inside with an opaque coating 15 which is a black screen print. The opaque coating 15 is applied in the form of a strip and is located approximately in an area at the height of the lower end of the pane up to the upper end of the first bus bar 7.1. The opaque coating 15 can be about 15 mm to 30 mm wide (from the edge of the glass). The opaque coating 15 restricts the viewing area of the insulating glazing 10 and completely covers the bus bar 7.1 when viewed from the outside within a certain viewing angle range.

The spacer is formed from styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) which is opaque. The distance from the plane of the interior glazing surface 9.4 to the top of the Bus bar 7.1 is about 9 mm. Butyl was used as the sealant and silicone was used as the outer seal 14 . The spacer has, for example, a height of about 6 mm and a width of about 15 mm. The dimensioning must of course be adapted to the respective requirements, for example the width must be adapted to the requirements of good thermal insulation.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section of a first inventive design of a busbar 7.1 on a corner arrangement of the insulating glazing 10. The busbar 7.1 is formed from the adhesive tape 1. Since the adhesive tape 1 is flexible, the bus bar 7.1 can advantageously be guided around the corner. The bus bar 7.1 comprises a first leg 7a and a second leg 7b. FIG. 4 shows a right-angled electrically conductive connection between the two legs 7a, 7b. Both legs 7a, 7b each have a conductor track 4 which is electrically conductively connected via an adhesive layer 2 to the electrode layer 5.1. An electrically conductive connection is thus created from the first leg 7a via the electrode layer 5.1 to the second leg 7b. The cover 3 completely covers the conductor track 4 of the two legs 7a and 7b.

A plan view of the corner assembly of FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. The legs 7a and 7b are arranged at right angles to one another, so that a right-angled corner connection is formed.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section of a second inventive embodiment of a bus bar 7.1 in a corner arrangement. In contrast to FIG. 4, the bus bar 7.1 from FIG. 6 is not arranged on a conductive electrode layer, but directly on the first pane 6. Analogously to FIG. 4, the busbar 7.1 comprises the conductor track 4, the adhesive layer 2 and the cover 3. The second leg 7b has a connection area 18. The connection area 18 serves to electrically contact the first leg 7a with the second leg 7b. In the connection area 18, the legs 7a and 7b overlap in such a way that the conductor track 4 of the leg 7a is electrically conductively connected to the conductor track 4 of the leg 7b. A plan view of the corner assembly of FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. In contrast to FIG. 5, the cover 3 of the second leg 7b has a cutout 16 . The recess 16 forms the connection area 18.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross section of a third embodiment of the busbar 7.1 according to the invention in a corner arrangement. In contrast to FIG. 6, the two legs 7a and 7b of the bus bar 7.1 are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner via a bridge element 17. The bridge element 17 comprises a conductor track 4 and an adhesive layer 2 . The adhesive layer 2 is applied to a surface of the bridge member 17 facing the first pane 6 . The first leg 7a and the second leg 7b are arranged on a surface of the bridge element 17 facing away from the first pane 6 . The first leg 7a and the second leg 7b are connected to the bridge element 17 in an adhesive and electrically conductive manner via the adhesive layer 2 .

A plan view of the corner assembly of FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. The first leg 7a and the second leg 7b form a right angle.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross section of a fourth inventive embodiment of busbar 7.1 in a corner arrangement. The second leg 7a has a first section 19a, a second section 19b and a fold 19. FIG. During the folding, the first section 19a and the second section 19b of the second leg 7b are arranged partially one above the other. The first section 19a runs perpendicular to the second section 19b. In the area of the fold 19 the adhesive layer 2 of the second section 19b faces the interior 11 of the glazing. The second section 19b has an area in which the first leg 7a and the second leg 7b overlap, so that an electrically conductive connection is created between the conductor track 4 of the first leg 7a and the conductor track 4 of the second leg 7b.

A plan view of the corner assembly of FIG. 10 is shown in FIG. The first leg 7a and the second leg 7b are arranged at right angles to each other.

Figure 12 shows a plan view of a fifth inventive embodiment of the bus bar

7.1 at a corner arrangement. The busbar 7.1 is formed in one piece and includes a first leg 7a and a second leg 7b. The busbar 7.1 has a first fold along the auxiliary line 19c and a second fold along the auxiliary lines 19d, in which in the first, triangular section of the first leg 7a and in the second, triangular section of the second leg 7b, the legs 7a and 7b over the adhesive layers Glue 2 together. The leg 7b runs perpendicular to the leg

7a, the adhesive layer 2 of the busbar 7.1 facing the functional element 5 outside of the first section 19d and outside of the second section 19e.

Analogously to FIG. 12, FIG. 13 shows the fifth embodiment of the bus bar 7.1 in a corner arrangement. As illustrated in Figure 13 alternatively, the legs 7a and

7b can be arranged at different angles to one another. The angle between the legs 7a and 7b can be approximately 10° to 170°.

FIG. 14 shows further possible embodiments of the folds 19 in a plan view. The busbar 7.1 is formed in one piece and includes a first leg 7a and a second leg 7b. The bus bar 7.1 can have a double rotation (360° rotation) of the second leg 7b in the fold area, so that the second leg 7b adheres with its adhesive layer 2 to the flat electrode 5.1. The legs 7a and legs 7b can form an angle of approximately 10° to 170°.

Reference list:

1 adhesive tape

2 adhesive layer

3 cover

4 track

5 functional element

5.1 Electrode layer

5.2 active layer

5.3 active layer

5.4 Electrolyte layer

5.6 Anti-reflective coating

6 first disc

6.1 thick disc

6.2 Interlayer

6.3 EC disc

7.1 first busbar

7.2 second bus bar

7a first leg of the bus bar (7.1)

7b second leg of the bus bar (7.1)

8 second disc

9 spacers

9.1 first disc contact area

9.2 second disc contact area

9.3 Outer surface of the spacer

9.4 Spacer glazing interior surface 9.5 Spacer cavity

10 insulating glazing

11 glazing interior

13 Glazing exterior 14 Sealing

15 opaque coating

16 recess

17 bridge element

18 connection area 19 fold

19a first section

19b second section

19c, 19d auxiliary line

Claims

26

Patent claims Insulating glazing, comprising at least two panes (6, 8) and at least one spacer (9) which has two pane contact surfaces (9.1, 9.2) which run parallel to one another,

• wherein a first pane contact surface (9.1) is connected to a first pane (6) via a sealant and a second pane contact surface (9.2) is connected to the second pane (8) via a sealant, so that a glazing interior (11) and a glazing exterior (13) are formed,

• wherein at least one pane (6) is at least partially provided with an electrically conductive coating and/or an electrically controllable functional element (5) on the side facing the glazing interior and two busbars (7.1, 7.2) for electrical contacting of the electrically conductive coating and/or or the electrically controllable functional element (5) are provided, characterized in that a busbar (7.1, 7.2) comprises an electrically conductive adhesive tape (1),

• wherein the electrically conductive adhesive tape (1) comprises an electrically conductive adhesive layer (2), a conductor track (4) and an opaque, electrically insulating cover (3).

• wherein the electrically conductive adhesive tape (1) is connected to the electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically controllable functional element (5) via the electrically conductive adhesive layer (2). Insulating glazing according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically controllable functional element (5) consists of a first busbar (7.1) formed from the adhesive tape (1) and a second busbar formed from the adhesive tape (1). (7.

2) is electrically contacted. Insulating glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opaque, electrically insulating cover

(3) the electrically conductive adhesive tape comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET). ti

4. Insulating glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opaque, electrically insulating cover (3) almost completely covers the electrically conductive adhesive tape (1).

5. Insulating glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive tape (1) is 80 μm to 120 μm thick, the adhesive layer (2) being 25 μm thick and the conductor track (4) being 35 μm thick.

6. Insulating glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductor track (4) of the adhesive tape (1) comprises a metal, preferably copper, tin and/or silver.

7. Insulating glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first busbar (7.1) is located along a first side edge of the electrically conductive coating and/or the electrically controllable functional element (5) and a second busbar (7.2) is located along a second side edge of the electrically conductive coating and / or the electrically controllable functional element (5).

8. Insulating glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the busbars (7.1, 7.2) is designed in two parts and has two legs (7a, 7b) angled towards one another, which are at an angle, in particular an angle of approx. 90°. are arranged to each other.

9. Insulating glazing according to claim 8, characterized in that the legs (7a, 7b) are electrically conductively connected to one another via an electrically conductive bridge element (17).

10. Insulating glazing according to claim 8, characterized in that a first leg (7a) at least partially overlays a second leg (7b) at a corner of the insulating glazing (10), the first leg (7a) and the second leg (7b) facing each other are arranged at an angle.

11. Insulating glazing according to claim 10, characterized in that the second leg (7b) has a connection area (18) for electrically contacting the first leg (7a) with the second leg (7b). Insulating glazing according to Claim 11, characterized in that the connection area (18) of the second leg (7b) has a recess (16) in the opaque, electrically insulating cover (3). Insulating glazing according to Claim 7, characterized in that the second leg (7b) has a first section (19a), a second section (19b) and a fold (19), in which the first section (19a) and the second section (19b ) of the second leg (7b) are arranged at least partially one above the other. Insulating glazing according to Claim 12, characterized in that the second section (19b) has a contact area which is provided for electrical contacting with the first leg (7a), so that an electrically conductive connection between the first leg (7a) and the second leg (7b) arises. Insulating glazing according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising an opaque coating (15) which is applied in the edge region of a pane (6, 8), preferably on an outer side of the first pane (6).