EP3702572A1 - Insulating glazing with electrochromic functional element and infrared-reflective coating - Google Patents

Abstract

Insulating glazing (I) with electrochromic functional element (1) at least comprising a first pane (19), a second pane (20), a third pane (21), a spacer (15) with a polymer base body (5), a first glazing interior (3.1 ) between the first pane (19) and the third pane (21) and a second glazing interior (3.2) between the third pane (21) and the second pane (20), the first pane (19) on a first pane contact surface (7.1) of the spacer ( 15) is attached, the second disk (20) is attached to a second disk contact surface (7.2) of the spacer (15) and the third disk (21) is inserted into a groove (17) of the spacer (15) between the first disk contact surface (7.1) and second pane contact surface (7.2) runs and where- the electrochromic functional element (1) is applied to the first pane (19) within the first glazing interior (3.1), - the second pane (20) and / or the third e pane (21) comprise at least one infrared-reflecting coating (16) which are located within the first glazing interior (3.1) and / or the second glazing interior (3.2) and - the first pane (19) has an outer pane of the insulating glazing (I ) and the second pane (20) represents an inner pane of the insulating glazing (I).

Description

The invention relates to insulating glazing with an electrochromic functional element and an infrared-reflecting coating, a method for its production and its use.

Insulating glazing has become an indispensable part of building construction, especially in the wake of ever stricter environmental protection regulations. These are made from at least two panes that are connected to one another via at least one circumferential spacer. Depending on the embodiment, the space between the two panes, referred to as the glazing interior, is filled with air or gas, but in any case free of moisture. If the moisture content in the space between the glazing is too high, this leads to condensation of water droplets in the space between the panes, which must be avoided at all costs. Hollow body spacers filled with a desiccant, for example, can be used to absorb the residual moisture remaining in the system after assembly. However, since the absorption capacity of the desiccant is limited, the sealing of the system is also of enormous importance in this case in order to prevent further moisture from penetrating.

In addition to their basic function, insulating glazing can also contain other elements in the form of fixtures or panes with controllable additional functions. One type of modern, active glazing is glazing with switchable or controllable optical properties. In the case of such glazings, for example, the transmission of light can be actively influenced as a function of an applied electrical voltage. The user can, for example, switch from a transparent to a non-transparent state of the glazing in order to prevent a view into a room from outside. With other types of glazing, the transmission can be regulated continuously, for example to regulate the entry of solar energy into a room. This will cause unwanted heating of buildings or Avoid vehicle interiors and reduce the energy consumption and CO ₂ emissions caused by air conditioning. Active glazing is therefore not only used for the visually appealing design of facades and pleasant lighting design in interiors, but is also advantageous from an energetic and ecological point of view.

Active glazings contain a functional element which typically contains an active layer between two surface electrodes. The optical properties of the active layer can be changed by a voltage applied to the surface electrodes. An example of this are electrochromic functional elements, for example from US 20120026573 A1 and WO 2012007334 A1 are known. These are used in building construction in particular to shade large areas of glass and to avoid dazzling people inside the building from solar radiation. The transmission of visible light through the electrochromic functional element can be controlled by a voltage applied to the functional element. The voltage is supplied via so-called bus bars, which are usually attached to the surface electrodes and are connected to a voltage source via suitable connecting cables.

If electrochromic glazing is integrated in insulating glazing, then when the electrochromic layer is in operation, the glazing is heated. A transfer of this waste heat into the building interior is undesirable. In addition, heating of individual panes of the insulating glazing leads to tension in the edge seal of the glazing. Particularly in the case of insulating glazing with electrochromic functional elements, attention must be paid to the stability of the edge bond when heated and the heat dissipation of the pane with the electrochromic layer system.

The object of the present invention is to provide insulating glazing with an electrochromic functional element and improved heat dissipation and stability of the edge bond, as well as an economical method for producing the insulating glazing.

The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by insulating glazing with an electrochromic functional element and double spacer, a method for its production and its use according to independent claims 1 and 14. Preferred embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

The insulating glazing according to the invention with an electrochromic functional element comprises at least a first pane, a second pane, a third pane and a spacer with a polymer base body. The polymer base body has a first pane contact surface and a second pane contact surface running parallel thereto, a first glazing interior surface, a second glazing interior surface and an outer surface. The first pane is attached to the first pane contact surface and the second pane of the insulating glazing is attached to the second pane contact surface. A first hollow chamber and a second hollow chamber as well as a groove are introduced into the polymeric base body. The groove runs parallel to the first disk contact surface and the second disk contact surface and is used to accommodate the third disk. The first hollow chamber adjoins the first glazing interior surface, while the second hollow chamber adjoins the second glazing interior surface, the glazing interior surfaces being located above the hollow chambers in the interior of the insulating glazing and the outer surface being located below the hollow chambers on the surface facing the environment. In this context, above is defined as facing the pane interior of insulating glazing and below as facing away from the pane interior. Since the groove runs between the first interior glazing surface and the second interior glazing surface, it delimits it laterally and separates the first hollow chamber and the second hollow chamber from one another. The side flanks of the groove are formed by the walls of the first hollow chamber and the second hollow chamber. The groove forms a recess that is suitable for receiving the middle pane (third pane) of the insulating glazing. As a result, the position of the third disc is fixed via two side flanks of the groove and the bottom surface of the groove. The electrochromic functional element of the insulating glazing is on the surface of the first pane applied, which lies within the first glazing interior. Furthermore, the glazing according to the invention comprises at least one infrared-reflecting coating which is located on the second pane and / or the third pane within the first glazing interior and / or the second glazing interior. When the insulating glazing is installed, the first pane represents the outer pane facing the building environment, while the second pane is the inner pane facing the interior.

In the insulating glazing according to the invention, a one-piece double spacer is thus used, to which all three panes of a triple glazing can be fixed. The one-piece spacer used enables the triple glazing to be installed in a simplified, yet precisely fitting manner. It is impossible for two individual spacers to slip, as is also known from the prior art. This is particularly advantageous in combination with functional elements, since when functional elements are used, the elements must be placed much more precisely in order to avoid a collision with electrical connection cables and bus bars for making electrical contact with the functional element. In the case of insulating glazing without functional elements, such incorrect placement only leads to an optical defect, while incorrect placement in insulating glazing with functional elements can also lead to an unfavorable overlap of busbars and spacers. In this case, the spacer collides, for example, with connection cables attached to the busbar. As a result of this collision, it is also possible for the spacer to slip further and for gas-tight pressing to be impossible. This can lead to leaks in the insulating glazing. This can be avoided by the more precise assembly of the insulating glazing according to the invention using a one-piece spacer with a groove. In addition, an outer space between the panes located between the first pane, the second pane and the outer surface of the spacer is not interrupted by the third pane. This continuous edge area, which is available for full-surface filling with a seal, is advantageous for the stability and, as a result, also for the tightness of the glazing. These aspects are particular important in connection with functional elements and other coatings that cause the glazing to heat up and thereby induce thermal stresses. Thermal stresses in the glass panes always put stress on the edge seal, so that in this case particular attention must be paid to the stability and tightness of the edge seal.

As already mentioned, there is a problem with insulating glazing with electrochromic functional elements in the heating of these functional elements in the operating state. The electrochromic functional element is attached to the surface of the first pane located in the first glazing interior. The functional element is protected from environmental influences by the choice of an internal surface. In addition, there is improved heat dissipation. The waste heat from an electrochromic functional element on an inner pane (third pane) of the insulating glazing is significantly worse in comparison, which is why the outer first pane is selected according to the invention. This avoids a build-up of heat inside the insulating glazing and the heat can be given off directly to the environment. When installing the insulating glazing in a window frame, the first pane is oriented as the outer pane of the insulating glazing in the direction of the building environment. On the one hand, this ensures that heat is dissipated to the outside environment instead of the interior of the building. On the other hand, shading by the electrochromic functional element takes place directly on the outer surface of the insulating glazing, so that additional heating of the glazing due to solar radiation falling into the glazing is avoided.

According to the invention, the insulating glazing has, in addition to the electrochromic functional element, an infrared-reflecting coating. This is applied to the middle third pane or on the inside of the second pane. In this position the infrared reflective coating is protected from environmental influences. The infrared-reflecting coating reduces the heat transfer through the double glazing, so that a loss of heat can be avoided in winter. In summer, on the other hand, the infrared-reflecting coating prevents the interior from being heated up by incident solar radiation. In particular In combination with the electrochromic functional element, the use of an infrared-reflecting coating is advantageous, since this also avoids the heat transfer of the waste heat from the functional element. However, since the infrared-reflecting coating causes increased thermal expansion of the pane, the stability of the edge seal is particularly important when combining electrochromic functional elements and infrared-reflecting coatings. This required stability is achieved by using a one-piece spacer with a groove.

In a preferred embodiment, the infrared-reflecting coating is arranged on the third pane and is located within the first glazing interior on the surface of the third pane facing the electrochromic functional element. As a result, the waste heat of the electrochromic functional element is prevented from entering the second glazing interior of the insulating glazing. The heating is accordingly limited to the first glazing interior and the second glazing interior facing the building interior experiences no or only slight heating. The use according to the invention of a one-piece spacer with a groove is also particularly advantageous for realizing this embodiment, since the third disk can be fixed in the groove without tension. As a result, the stresses associated with the heating of the third pane can be advantageously compensated for. An additional thermal or chemical pretensioning of the third pane for stress compensation can be dispensed with. This eliminates the pre-tensioning process, which means that costs can be reduced.

In another preferred embodiment, the infrared-reflecting coating is arranged on the second pane within the second glazing interior. This embodiment is optimized with regard to the thermal insulation of the building interior. Heat loss is minimized by arranging the infrared-reflecting coating directly on the inner pane of the double glazing.

The infrared reflective coating is preferably transparent to visible light in the wavelength range from 390 nm to 780 nm. “Transparent” means that the total transmission of the pane is especially preferably> 70% and especially> 75% transparent to visible light. This does not affect the visual impression of the glazing or the view through.

The infrared-reflective coating serves to protect the sun and has reflective properties in the infrared range of the light spectrum. The infrared-reflecting coating has particularly low emissivities (Low-E). This advantageously reduces heating of the interior of a building as a result of solar radiation. Panes that are provided with such an infrared-reflecting coating are commercially available and are referred to as low-E glass (low-emissivity glass).

Low-E coatings usually contain a diffusion barrier, a metal or metal oxide-containing multilayer and a barrier layer. The diffusion barrier is applied directly to the glass surface and prevents discoloration due to the diffusion of metal atoms into the glass. Often double silver layers or triple silver layers are used as multilayers. A wide variety of Low-E coatings are known from, for example DE 10 2009 006 062 A1 , WO 2007/101964 A1 , EP 0 912 455 B1 , DE 199 27 683 C1 , EP 1 218 307 B1 and EP 1 917 222 B1 .

The deposition of low-E coatings is preferably carried out using the known method of magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering. Layers deposited by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering have an amorphous structure and cause opacity of transparent substrates such as glass or transparent polymers. A temperature treatment of the amorphous layers causes a crystal structure change to a crystalline layer with improved transmission. The temperature input into the coating can take place via a flame treatment, a plasma torch, infrared radiation or a laser treatment.

Such coatings typically contain at least one metal, in particular silver or an alloy containing silver. The infrared-reflecting coating can comprise a sequence of a plurality of individual layers, in particular at least one metallic layer and dielectric layers that contain, for example, at least one metal oxide. The metal oxide preferably contains zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide or the like and combinations of one or more thereof. The dielectric material can also contain silicon nitride, silicon carbide or aluminum nitride.

Particularly suitable transparent, infrared-reflecting coatings contain at least one metal, preferably silver, nickel, chromium, niobium, tin, titanium, copper, palladium, zinc, gold, cadmium, aluminum, silicon, tungsten or alloys thereof, and / or at least one metal oxide layer, preferably tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, SnO ₂ : F), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO, SnO ₂ : Sb), and / or carbon nanotubes and / or optically transparent, electrically conductive polymers, preferably poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes), polystyrene sulfonate, poly (4,4-dioctylcylopentadithiophene), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, mixtures and / or Copolymers thereof

The infrared-reflecting coating preferably has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 5 μm and particularly preferably 30 nm to 1 μm. The sheet resistance of the infrared reflective coating is e.g. 0.35 ohms / square to 200 ohms / square, preferably 0.6 ohms / square to 30 ohms / square, and especially from 2 ohms / square to 20 ohms / square.

In one possible embodiment, a silver layer with a thickness of 6 nm to 15 nm surrounded by two barrier layers with a thickness of 0.5 nm to 2 nm containing nickel-chromium and / or titanium is used as the infrared-reflecting coating. A diffusion barrier with a thickness of 25 nm to 35 nm containing Si ₃ N ₄ , TiO ₂ , SnZnO and / or ZnO is preferably applied between a barrier layer and the glass surface. A diffusion barrier with a thickness of 35 nm to 45 nm is preferably facing the surroundings on the upper barrier layer containing ZnO and / or Si ₃ N ₄ applied. This upper diffusion barrier is optionally equipped with a protective layer with a thickness of 1 nm to 5 nm comprising TiO ₂ and / or SnZnO ₂ . The total thickness of all layers is preferably 67.5 nm to 102 nm.

The electrochromic functional element comprises at least one electrochemically active layer which is capable of reversibly storing charges. The oxidation states in the stored and removed state differ in their coloring, one of these states being transparent. The storage reaction can be controlled via the externally applied potential difference. The basic structure of the electrochromic functional element thus comprises at least one electrochromic material, such as tungsten oxide, which is in contact with both a flat electrode and a charge source such as an ion-conductive electrolyte. In addition, the electrochromic layer structure contains a counter-electrode, which is also capable of reversibly storing cations and is in contact with the ion-conductive electrolyte, as well as a further surface electrode that connects to the counter-electrode. The surface electrodes are connected to an external voltage source, whereby the voltage applied to the active layer can be regulated. The surface electrodes are usually thin layers of electrically conductive material, often indium tin oxide (ITO). Often at least one of the flat electrodes is applied directly to the surface of the first pane, for example by means of cathode atomization (sputtering).

The flat electrodes of the functional element are preferably electrically conductively contacted via so-called bus bars and connected via the bus bars to an electrical supply line that is connected to an external voltage source. For example, strips of an electrically conductive material or electrically conductive imprints can be used as busbars, with which the surface electrodes are connected. The bus bars, also known as bus bars, are used to transmit electrical power and enable homogeneous voltage distribution. The bus bars are advantageously manufactured by printing a conductive paste. The conductive paste preferably contains Silver particles and glass frits. The layer thickness of the conductive paste is preferably from 5 μm to 20 μm.

In an alternative embodiment, thin and narrow metal foil strips or metal wires are used as busbars, which preferably contain copper and / or aluminum, in particular copper foil strips with a thickness of, for example, about 50 μm are used. The width of the copper foil strips is preferably 1 mm to 10 mm. The electrical contact between an electrically conductive layer of the functional element, which serves as a surface electrode, and the busbar can be established, for example, by soldering or gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive.

The electrical supply line, which is used to contact the busbars with an external voltage source, is an electrical conductor, preferably containing copper. Other electrically conductive materials can also be used. Examples are aluminum, gold, silver or tin and alloys thereof. The electrical supply line can be designed both as a flat conductor and as a round conductor, and in both cases as a single-wire or multi-wire conductor (stranded wire).

The electrical supply line preferably has a line cross section of 0.08 mm ² to 2.5 mm ² .

Foil conductors can also be used as supply lines. Examples of foil conductors are given in DE 42 35 063 A1 , DE 20 2004 019 286 U1 and DE 93 13 394 U1 described.

Flexible foil conductors, sometimes also called flat conductors or ribbon conductors, preferably consist of a tinned copper strip with a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.1 mm and a width of 2 mm to 16 mm. Copper has proven itself for such conductor tracks because it has good electrical conductivity and can be easily processed into foils. At the same time, the material costs are low.
The electrical leads of the electrochromic functional element are guided in the edge bond of the insulating glazing and can, for example, within the Spacer, be guided on the outer surface of the spacer or loosely in the edge bond.

The electrical leads can be connected directly to the busbars, for example by soldering the lead onto the busbar or by gluing using a conductive adhesive. Electrical contact elements can also be used to electrically connect the busbars to the supply lines. Such contact elements are familiar to the person skilled in the art, for example in the form of plug contacts or crimp connections.

In a preferred embodiment, the pane of the insulating glazing which has the electrochromic functional element is laminated with another pane via a thermoplastic composite film to form a composite pane. The composite pane has improved resistance and stability. The additional pane laminated to the first pane also makes it more difficult for the first pane to bend and thermally expand. Furthermore, a composite pane has improved penetration resistance. This is particularly advantageous in order to protect the electrochromic functional element.

Suitable thermoplastic composite films are known to the person skilled in the art. The thermoplastic composite films contain at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof. The thickness of the thermoplastic composite films is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm. Polyvinyl butyral with a thickness of, for example, 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm is particularly preferably used for laminating two panes of glass.

The first glazing interior and the second glazing interior are preferably connected to one another in such a way that pressure equalization between the glazing interiors is possible. This is possible, for example, by dispensing with an insert in at least a partial area of the groove. An exchange of air can take place via this section of the groove. Communicating Gaps between panes are advantageous in order to avoid the stresses on the edge area associated with pressure differences between the glazing interiors. In particular with the insulating glazing according to the invention, this measure is useful to relieve the edge bond, since when the first pane is heated by the functional element, a pressure change inevitably takes place in the adjacent first glazing interior.

The insulating glazing comprises at least three panes which are kept at a distance from one another by a spacer. The insulating glazing can also comprise a fourth or additional pane. These can for example be inserted into the spacer via a further groove. Alternatively, additional panes can also be attached to the first pane or second pane via a further spacer. The insulating glazing preferably comprises three or four panes.

In a preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the spacer is connected to the two disc contact surfaces via connecting surfaces, i. via a connection surface with a disk contact surface and / or via another connection surface with the other disk contact surface, wherein preferably both disk contact surfaces are connected to the outer surface via such connection surfaces. For example, the connection surface can be at an angle in the range from 30 ° to 60 ° to the outer surface. The two pane contact surfaces are generally approximately perpendicular or perpendicular to the plane in which the outer surface is located and / or to the plane in which the glazing interior surface is located. As a rule, the outer surface and the interior surface of the glazing run parallel to one another. The glazing interior surface is usually directly connected to the two pane contact surfaces. The glazing interior surface can, however, optionally also be connected to the pane contact surfaces via connection surfaces.

The polymer base body preferably contains polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene, polybutadiene, polynitrile, polyester, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), preferably acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene / polycarbonate (ABS / PC), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), PET / PC, PBT / PC and / or copolymers or mixtures thereof. Particularly good results are achieved with these materials.
The polymer base body is preferably reinforced with glass fibers. By choosing the proportion of glass fiber in the base body, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the base body can be varied and adapted. By adapting the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polymer base body and the barrier film or coating, temperature-related stresses between the different materials and flaking of the barrier film or coating can be avoided. The base body preferably has a glass fiber content of 20% to 50%, particularly preferably 30% to 40%. The glass fiber content in the polymer base body improves strength and stability at the same time.

In a further preferred embodiment, the polymeric base body is filled with hollow glass spheres or glass bubbles. These hollow glass spheres have a diameter of 10 µm to 20 µm and improve the stability of the polymeric hollow profile. Suitable glass spheres are commercially available under the name "3M ™ Glass Bubbles". The polymer base body particularly preferably contains polymers, glass fibers and glass spheres. An admixture of glass spheres leads to an improvement in the thermal properties of the hollow profile.

In a preferred embodiment, the spacer contains a drying agent, preferably silica gels, molecular sieves, CaCl ₂ , Na ₂ SO ₄ , activated carbon, silicates, bentonites, zeolites and / or mixtures thereof.

The spacer can optionally have two or more hollow chambers inside, preferably two hollow chambers, which are separated from one another by the groove. The desiccant is preferably contained in the hollow chambers. The interior surfaces of the glazing preferably have openings in order to facilitate the absorption of humidity by the desiccant present in the spacer. The total number of openings depends on the size of the double glazing. The openings connect the hollow chamber with the inner one Space between the panes, which enables gas exchange between them. This allows air humidity to be absorbed by the desiccant located in the hollow chamber and prevents the windows from fogging up. The openings are preferably designed as slots, particularly preferably as slots with a width of 0.2 mm and a length of 2 mm. The slots ensure an optimal exchange of air without desiccant penetrating from the hollow chamber into the interior of the glazing.

A gas-tight and vapor-tight barrier is preferably applied at least on the outer surface of the polymeric base body, preferably on the outer surface and on some of the pane contact surfaces. The gas- and vapor-tight barrier improves the tightness of the spacer against gas loss and the ingress of moisture. The barrier is preferably applied to approximately one-half to two-thirds of the pane contact areas. A suitable spacer with a polymer base body is for example in WO 2013/104507 A1 disclosed.

In a preferred embodiment, the gas- and vapor-tight barrier is designed as a film on the outer surface of a polymeric spacer. This barrier film contains at least one polymer layer and a metallic layer or a ceramic layer. The layer thickness of the polymeric layer is between 5 μm and 80 μm, while metallic layers and / or ceramic layers with a thickness of 10 nm to 200 nm are used. A particularly good tightness of the barrier film is achieved within the specified layer thicknesses. The barrier film can be applied, for example glued, to the polymeric base body. Alternatively, the film can be co-extruded together with the base body.

The barrier film particularly preferably contains at least two metallic layers and / or ceramic layers which are arranged alternately with at least one polymer layer. The layer thicknesses of the individual layers are preferably as described in the previous paragraph. The outer layers are preferably formed by polymer layers. In this arrangement, the metallic layers are particularly well protected from damage. The Alternating layers of the barrier film can be connected or applied to one another using the most varied of methods known from the prior art. Methods for depositing metallic or ceramic layers are well known to the person skilled in the art. The use of a barrier film with an alternating sequence of layers is particularly advantageous with regard to the tightness of the system. A fault in one of the layers does not lead to a loss of function of the barrier film. In comparison, even a small defect in a single layer can lead to complete failure. Furthermore, the application of several thin layers is advantageous compared to one thick layer, since the greater the layer thickness, the greater the risk of internal adhesion problems. Furthermore, thicker layers have a higher conductivity, so that such a film is less suitable thermodynamically.

The polymeric layer of the film preferably comprises polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene chloride, polyamides, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicones, acrylonitriles, polyacrylates, polymethyl acrylates and / or copolymers or mixtures thereof. The metallic layer preferably contains iron, aluminum, silver, copper, gold, chromium and / or alloys or oxides thereof. The ceramic layer of the film preferably contains silicon oxides and / or silicon nitrides. The metallic or ceramic layers are preferably applied to the polymer layer via a PVD process (physical vapor deposition). The polymeric layer can be provided, for example, in film form, coated using the methods mentioned and then connected to the base body. The coating with the materials mentioned provides particularly good results with regard to impermeability and also shows excellent adhesion properties to the materials used in insulating glazing for the outer seal.

It goes without saying that the dimensions of the spacer depend on the dimensions of the insulating glazing. The width of such a spacer can be, for example, in the range from 10 to 50 mm, preferably 20 to 36 mm. The height can be in the range from 5 to 15 mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm, for example.

The first and the second disk are attached to the disk contact surfaces preferably via a sealing means which is attached between the first disk contact surface and the first disk and / or the second disk contact surface and the second disk.

The sealant preferably contains butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyolefin rubber, copolymers and / or mixtures thereof.

The sealant is preferably introduced into the gap between spacer and panes with a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.

The outer space between the panes of the insulating glazing is preferably filled with an outer seal. This outer seal is primarily used to bond the two panes and thus the mechanical stability of the insulating glazing.

The outer seal preferably contains polysulfides, silicones, silicone rubber, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, copolymers and / or mixtures thereof. Such substances adhere very well to glass, so that the outer seal ensures that the panes are securely bonded. The thickness of the outer seal is preferably 2 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm to 10 mm.

The panes of the insulating glazing can be made of organic glass or, preferably, of inorganic glass. In an advantageous embodiment of the insulating glazing according to the invention, the panes can be made of flat glass, float glass, soda-lime glass, quartz glass or borosilicate glass, independently of one another. The thickness of each disk can vary and thus be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Discs with standard thicknesses of 1 mm to 19 mm and preferably of 2 mm to 8 mm are preferably used. The discs can be colorless or colored.

The insulating glazing preferably comprises at least one pane, more preferably at least two panes, which are or are, independently of one another, a float glass pane, a laminated pane, structured glass or a colored or satined glass. At least one pane is more preferably a float glass pane.

The first and second glazing interiors can be filled with air or another gas, particularly a noble gas such as e.g. Argon or krypton. The glazing interior surface of the spacer faces the glazing interior.

The outer space between the panes is also formed by the first pane, the second pane, the spacer and the sealant placed between panes and pane contact surfaces and is located opposite the glazing interior in the outer edge region of the insulating glazing. The outer space between the panes is open on the side opposite the spacer. The outer surface of the spacer faces the outer space between the panes.

The spacer is generally arranged circumferentially on the panes. The first and second busbars run in the first glazing interior preferably parallel to the spacer, preferably on two opposite pane edges of the first pane.

The spacer is generally designed in the form of a rectangle in plan view. Usually the spacer is symmetrical, i. it has the same distance to the edge of the insulating glass on all sides of the insulating glass.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, two busbars are arranged on opposite sides of the insulating glazing in the first glazing interior. The busbars are preferably arranged such that they are arranged horizontally when the insulating glazing is installed. But it is also possible for them to be arranged vertically when installed.

The insulating glazing according to the invention is particularly suitable as building exterior glazing or facade glazing. The invention therefore also relates to the use of the insulating glazing according to the invention as exterior building glazing or facade glazing. In particular, the first pane is directed towards the building surroundings in the installed state.

The invention is explained in more detail below by means of drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and are not true to scale and in no way limit the invention.

Fig. 1a

eine Querschnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Isolierverglasung mit einem elektrochromen Funktionselement auf der ersten Scheibe, einer infrarotreflektierenden Beschichtung auf der zweiten Scheibe und einem einteiligen Abstandhalter mit Nut zur Aufnahme einer dritten Scheibe,

Fig. 1b

eine Querschnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Isolierverglasung mit einem elektrochromen Funktionselement auf der ersten Scheibe, einer infrarotreflektierenden Beschichtung auf der zweiten Scheibe und einem einteiligen Abstandhalter mit Nut zur Aufnahme einer dritten Scheibe,

Fig. 2

eine Querschnittdarstellung der Isolierverglasung gemäß Figur 1a.

Show it:

Fig. 1a

a cross-sectional representation of an insulating glazing according to the invention with an electrochromic functional element on the first pane, an infrared-reflecting coating on the second pane and a one-piece spacer with a groove for receiving a third pane,

Figure 1b

a cross-sectional representation of an insulating glazing according to the invention with an electrochromic functional element on the first pane, an infrared-reflecting coating on the second pane and a one-piece spacer with a groove for receiving a third pane,

Fig. 2

a cross-sectional view of the insulating glazing according to Figure 1a .

Figure 1a shows an insulating glazing according to the invention I as triple glazing with an electrochromic functional element 1 on a first pane 19, an infrared-reflecting coating 16 on a second pane 20 and a spacer 15 for triple glazing. The spacer 15 is attached circumferentially between the first disk 19 and the second disk 20 via a sealing means 4. The sealing means 4 connects the disk contact surfaces 7.1 and 7.2 of the spacer 15 with the disks 19 and 20. The spacer 15 is designed as a polymeric base body 5 with a first hollow chamber 10.1 and a second hollow chamber 10.2. The spacer 15 is made of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), which is opaque. Between the first disc contact surface 7.1 and the second disc contact surface 7.2 there is a groove 17, the first hollow chamber 10.1 between the groove 17 and the first disc contact surface 7.1 and the second hollow chamber 10.2 is located between the groove 17 and the second disc contact surface 7.2. The hollow chambers 10 contain a desiccant 11 which can absorb residual moisture from the glazing interiors 3 via openings 12 in the glazing interior surface 8. The side flanks of the groove 17 are formed by the walls of the two hollow chambers 10.1 and 10.2, while the bottom surface of the groove 17 is directly adjacent to the outer surface 9. The groove 17 runs parallel to the disk contact surfaces 7. A third disk 21 with a thickness of 2.0 mm is inserted into the groove 17 of the spacer 15. The glazing interior 3 adjoining the glazing interior surface 8 of the spacer 15 is defined as the space delimited by the panes 19, 20 and the spacer 15. The third pane 21 divides the glazing interior 3 into a first glazing interior 3.1 above the first hollow chamber 10.1 and a second glazing interior 3.2 above the second hollow chamber 10.2. The groove contains an insert 24 which surrounds the edge of the third disk 21 and fits flush into the groove 17. The insert 24 consists of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and has at least one recess all the way around, which enables pressure equalization between the glazing interiors 3.1 and 3.2. The insert 24 fixes the third pane 21 without tension. In addition, the insert 24 prevents the development of noise due to the third pane 21 slipping Another side is limited by the spacer 15 and the fourth edge is open. The glazing interior 3 is filled with argon. A sealing means 4, which seals the gap between the disk 19, 20 and the spacer 15, is introduced between a respective disk contact surface 7.1 or 7.2 and the adjacent disk 19 or 20. The sealant 4 is polyisobutylene. On the outer surface 9, an outer seal 6 is attached in the outer space 13 between the panes, which is used to bond the first pane 19 and the second pane 20. The outer seal 6 is made of silicone. The outer seal 6 terminates flush with the pane edges of the first pane 19 and the second pane 20. The second pane 20 has a thickness of 4.0 mm and has a pane surface facing the second glazing interior 3.2 infrared reflective coating 16. The electrochromic functional element 1, which is equipped with a bus bar 22 for making electrical contact with the functional element 1, is applied to the pane surface of the first pane 19 directed towards the first glazing interior 3.1. The electrical supply line 14 of the functional element 1 runs within the first hollow chamber 10.1 of the spacer 15 and emerges from the spacer 15 at the glazing interior surface 8 of the first hollow chamber 10.1. Within the first glazing interior 3.1, the electrical supply line is electrically conductively contacted via a contact element 2 on the busbar 22. The contact element 2 is a so-called crimp connector, the connection between the electrical lead 14 and the contact element 2 being made by squeezing the lead into the crimp connector and the opposite end of the crimp connector being soldered to the bus bar 22. As a result of the routing of the electrical supply line 14 in the hollow chamber 10, the outer space 13 between the panes is largely free of lines, so that an unimpeded automated filling with the outer seal 6 can take place. The electrical lead 14 is led out of the first hollow chamber 10.1 at another point and connected to an external voltage source. The points of the spacer 15 at which the electrical supply line 14 passes through the wall of the spacer 15 are preferably sealed with sealant 4. The first pane 19 has a thickness of 2.0 mm and is laminated to a further pane 23 with a thickness of 2.0 mm via a thermoplastic composite film 25 made of 0.76 mm PVB. The composite pane of first pane 19 and further pane 23 represents the outer pane of building glazing, while the second pane 20 is the inner pane.

The busbar 22 was produced by printing a conductive paste and electrically contacted on the electrochromic functional element 1. The conductive paste, also known as silver paste, contains silver particles and glass frits. The busbar 22 runs on the first pane 19 in the glazing interior 3 and parallel to the glazing interior surface 8 of the spacer 15.

A gas- and water-tight barrier film (not shown) is applied to the outer surface 9 of the spacer 15.

The routing of the electrical lead 14 can alternatively to that in Figure 1a shown also according to Figure 1b respectively.

The insulating glazing I according to the invention has good heat dissipation of the electrochromic functional element 1, good thermal insulation of the building interior through the infrared-reflecting coating 16 and improved stability of the edge bond through the use of a double spacer to accommodate three panes of the insulating glazing I. In addition, the weight of the insulating glazing I can be reduced compared to insulating glazing with two individual spacers, since a pane of small thickness can also be fitted into the groove 17 of the spacer I. In addition, polymer spacers have a lower thermal conductivity than metallic spacers.

Figure 1b shows a further embodiment of the insulating glazing according to the invention. The insulating glazing I the Figure 1b corresponds essentially to the embodiment of FIG Figure 1a so that only the differences are discussed here. According to Figure 1b the infrared-reflecting coating 16 is provided on the surface of the third pane 21, which delimits the first glazing interior 3.1. As a result, the waste heat from the electrochromic functional element 1 located on the first pane 19 does not extend to the entire glazing. The waste heat generated by the electrochromic functional element 1 and the heating of the infrared reflective coating 16 when exposed to sunlight is limited only to the first glazing interior 3.1 and is emitted very well to the building environment via the outer pane of the glazing. If the infrared-reflecting coating 16 is applied to the third pane 21, the tension-free fixing of the third pane 21 in the groove 17 is particularly advantageous. The electrical lead 14 is, as already in Figure 1a described, contacted with the bus bar 22. According to Figure 1b However, the cable is not fed through the spacer 15, but rather through the sealing means 4 between the first disk contact surface 7.1 and the first disk 19. On the outer surface 9 of the Spacer 15, the electrical supply line is continued in the form of a flat ribbon cable that is cohesively connected to the outer surface 9.

The routing of the electrical lead 14 can alternatively to that in Figure 1b shown also according to Figure 1a respectively.

Figure 2 shows a cross section of the insulating glazing I according to Figure 1a along the section line AA 'with a view of the first disk 19. The second disk 20 and the third disk 21 are not shown in this view. In the Figure 1a The described contacting of an electrical lead 14 running in the spacer 15 with the busbar 22 of the electrically switchable functional element 1 takes place on two opposite edges of the insulating glazing I. At both edges, the electrical supply line 14 enters the glazing interior 3 from the hollow body 10 and is electrically conductively contacted with the busbar 22 via a contact element 2. The spacer 15 is bent at the corners of the insulating glazing I so that the hollow chambers 10 are also continuous at the corners of the glazing. Both electrical leads 14 are routed inside the base body 5 to a point where the leads 14 enter the outer pane space 13 from the hollow chamber 10 and from there to a voltage source 18, here a DC voltage source for operating the electrochromic functional element 1, outside the glazing are connected. The supply lines 14 are connected to different poles of the voltage source 18, so that a potential difference arises between the two opposite busbars 22. The voltage applied to the busbars 22 causes ion migration within the active layer of the electrochromic functional element 1, which influences its transmission. The openings of the spacer 15, at which supply lines 14 pass through the walls, are sealed with the sealant 4. The electrical leads 14 can run through the base body 5 partially or along its entire circumference. The feed lines 14 can be introduced manually or a spacer 15 can be used which has already been extruded with an integrated electrical feed line 14.

List of reference symbols

I.

Double glazing

1

electrochromic functional element

2

Contact element

3

Glazing interiors

3.1

first glazing interior

3.2

second glazing interior

4th

sealant

5

polymer base

6th

outer sealing

7th

Disc contact surfaces

7.1

first disc contact surface

7.2

second disc contact surface

8th

Glazing interior area

9

Exterior surface

10

Hollow chambers

10.1

first hollow chamber

10.2

second hollow chamber

11

Desiccant

12

openings

13

outer space between the panes

14th

Electrical supply

15th

Spacers

16

infrared reflective coating

17th

Groove

18th

Voltage source

19th

first slice

20th

second disc

21st

third slice

22nd

Busbar

23

another disc

24

inlay

25th

thermoplastic composite film

Claims (14)

Insulating glazing (I) with electrochromic functional element (1) at least comprising a first pane (19), a second pane (20), a third pane (21), a spacer (15) with a polymer base body (5), a first glazing interior (3.1 ) between the first pane (19) and the third pane (21) and a second glazing interior (3.2) between the third pane (21) and the second pane (20), the first pane (19) on a first pane contact surface (7.1) of the spacer ( 15) is attached, the second disk (20) is attached to a second disk contact surface (7.2) of the spacer (15) and the third disk (21) is inserted into a groove (17) of the spacer (15) which is between the first disk contact surface (7.1) and the second disc contact surface (7.2) runs and
in which - the electrochromic functional element (1) is applied to the first pane (19) within the first glazing interior (3.1), - the second pane (20) and / or the third pane (21) comprise at least one infrared-reflecting coating (16) which are located within the first glazing interior (3.1) and / or the second glazing interior (3.2) and - The first pane (19) represents an outer pane of the insulating glazing (I) facing the building environment and the second pane (20) represents an inner pane of the insulating glazing (I). Insulating glazing (I) according to Claim 1, the infrared-reflecting coating (16) being arranged on the third pane (21) within the first glazing interior (3.1). Insulating glazing (I) according to claim 1, the infrared-reflecting coating (16) being arranged on the second pane (20) within the second glazing interior (3.2). Insulating glazing (I) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, the infrared-reflecting coating (16) comprising metals or metal oxides, preferably silver or indium tin oxide. Insulating glazing (I) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, the electrochromic functional element (1) comprising an electrochemically active layer between a first surface electrode and a second surface electrode. Insulating glazing (I) according to claim 5, wherein the first surface electrode has a first busbar (22) and the second surface electrode has a second busbar (22) and the first busbar (22) and the second busbar (22) via electrical leads (14) can be connected to an external power supply (18). Insulating glazing (I) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, the first pane (19) being laminated with at least one further pane (23) and a thermoplastic composite film (25) to form a composite pane. Insulating glazing (I) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, the first glazing interior (3.1) and the second glazing interior (3.2) being designed as communicating spaces between panes. Insulating glazing (I) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the polymeric base body (5) is polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene, polybutadiene, polynitrile, polyester, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, Polyamides, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), preferably acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene / polycarbonate (ABS / PC), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) , PET / PC, PBT / PC and / or copolymers or mixtures thereof. Insulating glazing (I) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the polymeric base body (5) has at least two hollow chambers (10) which have a Desiccants (11), preferably silica gels, molecular sieves, CaCl ₂ , Na ₂ SO ₄ , activated carbon, silicates, bentonites, zeolites and / or mixtures thereof. Insulating glazing (I) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a gas- and vapor-tight barrier is applied to the outer surface (9) of the polymeric base body (5), the at least one polymeric layer and a metallic layer or a ceramic layer, preferably at least two metallic layers and / or ceramic layers, which are arranged alternately with at least one polymer layer, comprises. Insulating glazing (I) according to one of Claims 1 to 11, a seal (4) being attached between the first pane (19) and the first pane contact surface (7.1) and / or the second pane (20) and the second pane contact surface (7.2) and the seal (4) preferably comprises a polymer or silane-modified polymer, particularly preferably butyl rubber, polyisobutylene (PIB), polyethylene vinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyolefin rubber, copolymers and / or mixtures thereof. Insulating glazing according to one of Claims 1 to 12, an outer seal (6), preferably comprising polysulfides, silicones, silicone rubber, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, copolymers and / or mixtures thereof, being introduced into the outer space between the panes (13). Use of insulating glazing (I) according to one of Claims 1 to 13 as building exterior glazing or facade glazing, the first pane (19) with electrochromic functional element (1) facing the building environment when installed.

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