Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
  • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/63—Control systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6561—Gases
  • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
  • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
  • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to temperature control of battery storage systems, particularly grid connected battery storage systems.
• HVAC Heating Ventilation and Air Condition
• US 2017/365893A1 discloses an energy storage system and a temperature control method for the same.
• the energy storage system includes a first battery group having a plurality of sections, which respectively have at least one battery module and at least one cooling fan; at least one first slave battery management system (BMS) coupled to the first battery group to monitor a temperature value of battery modules included in the first battery group for each section and generate first temperature information having the monitored temperature value for each section; a master BMS configured to transmit the first temperature information according to a predetermined rule; and a control unit configured to output a first control signal for adjusting a rotation speed of at least one cooling fan provided in at least one of the plurality of sections, based on the first temperature information transmitted from the master BMS.
• BMS first slave battery management system
• the battery storage system comprises one or more battery modules situated in a container, an air conditioning unit, at least one heater and at least two temperature sensors arranged at different locations in the container, the method comprises
• container a structure wherein the battery units are situated.
• This container could be structures as a shipping container, but it could also be a building, a housing, a holder or an enclosure made for the purpose.
• grid is meant an electrical grid.
• An electrical grid is an electrical power network arranged for transmission of electrical power.
• the battery or batteries of the "battery storage system” could be based on any kind of battery;
• the battery storage system is a lithium ion based battery storage system.
• the controlling of the heaters could be achieved with on-off control, feedback control or any other controlling method that is suitable.
• the invention is particularly, but not exclusively, advantageous in being able to control the temperature difference and minimize the temperature gradients within the battery storage system, as the plurality of distributed temperature sensors, the one or more heaters or distributed heaters and the at least one air conditioning unit allow a better and more optimal temperature distribution within the battery storage system and thereby enables improved control of the temperature gradient.
• temperature gradient is meant the temperatures across and/or through the container e.g. the temperature difference between the high and low point of the container or e.g. the temperature difference between the start-point and the endpoint of the container.
• the battery storage system may be used to support the electric grid, for example when errors occurs in the grid, e.g. when the frequency is dropping or rising.
• the invention is particularly, but not exclusively, advantageous for generating a safety, accessible and climate-secured space in a DC-zone of the battery storage system due to the temperature distribution and the control and minimization of the temperature gradient.
• the invention is particularly, but not exclusively, advantageous for possibly offering a complete framework for climate, Safety and Access Management of battery storage systems.
• the battery storage system comprises two or more heaters arranged at different locations in the container.
• the use of two or more heaters may be advantageous for improving heat distribution in the battery storage system and thereby minimizing the temperature gradient of the system.
• the method comprises initiating the controlling of the at least one heater if a temperature condition is satisfied.
• this may be advantageous for allowing several modes of operation to increase system reliability.
• the temperature condition is satisfied if the temperature difference is below a maximum threshold difference.
• the temperature control by use of heating elements is only allowed if the temperature difference is not too great. For temperature differences above the maximum threshold difference, further heating could lead to exceeding a maximum temperature of some of the battery modules. Thus, satisfying the maximum threshold difference is not a condition for starting the temperature control, but a condition for allowing the temperature control.
• the temperature control by use of heating elements could be initiated when the temperature difference exceeds a lower temperature difference, such as a difference above zero, e.g. 0.5 degree Celsius.
• the temperature condition is satisfied if a maximum temperature in the container is below a threshold.
• the use of heating elements for reducing the temperature gradient is only initiated when the a given temperature is below a maximum temperature threshold to avoid generating to high temperatures at some locations in the container.
• the method comprises reducing a charging or discharging power of the battery storage system if the temperature difference exceeds a threshold.
• this may allow the system to enter a de-rated power mode due to e.g. temperature rise or rise in the temperature difference or if entry by a person in the DC side of the battery storage system is needed or if there is any malfunction in the system.
• the battery storage system comprises at least one ventilation fan arranged to distribute cooled air from the air conditioning unit and/or heated air from the at least one heater, and wherein the method comprises controlling the at least one ventilation fan so as to reduce the temperature difference.
• the at least one ventilation fan may allow a better and more optimal temperature distribution within the battery storage system, as the at least one ventilation fan is arranged to distribute the temperature of the plurality of distributed heaters and/or the cooled air from the air conditioning unit.
• the ventilations fan thereby being able to minimize the temperature gradients within the system due to the temperature control.
• Embodiments of the invention may be particularly, but not exclusively, advantageous in that they offer a battery storage system that functions complimentarily with an air conditioning system arranged for overall cooling of the container.
• the battery storage system comprises two or more ventilation fans arranged at different locations in the container.
• Advantageous distributed ventilation fans may provide a more optimal temperature distribution within the battery storage system.
• the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of heaters are arranged intermingled in the container.
• the intermingled temperature sensors and heaters may be advantageously for minimizing the temperature gradient of every point of the container as the temperature sensors and heaters are distributed and the temperature control unit is thereby provided with temperature data from all areas of the container.
• Embodiments of invention may be particularly, but not exclusively, advantageous for implementing a heat control algorithm included in an EMS (Energy Management System) e.g. a battery storage system and thereby to minimize the temperature gradient.
• EMS Electronicgy Management System
• the method comprising stopping the controlling of the at least one heater if the temperature difference is less than a minimum threshold difference.
• this may allow the system to stop controlling if the temperature gradient is within a range of an acceptable temperature level.
• thermocontrol for controlling a grid connected battery storage system, wherein the temperature controller comprises a control unit arranged to perform the temperature control method.
• the temperature control system for controlling a grid connected battery storage system comprises
• a further aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product comprising software code adapted to control a temperature of a grid connected battery storage system when executed on a data processing system, the computer program product being adapted to perform the method of the first aspect.
• Figure 1 schematically shows a battery storage system according to an embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 2 schematically shows an example of a design of distributed control system with distributed sensors and distributed heaters.
• Figure 3 schematically shows an example of temperature gradients within a battery storage system and the placement of a temperature sensor in prior battery storage systems.
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a temperature controller TC for controlling a grid G connected battery storage system 100, wherein the temperature controller comprises a control unit arranged to perform a temperature control method.
• the temperature control system for controlling a grid connected battery storage system shown in figure 1 comprises a temperature controller TC, a plurality of heaters 140, and a plurality temperature sensors 150 arranged at different locations in the container 120 when installed.
• the container may be a shipping container. Embodiments and examples of the invention may be implemented in any suitable container 120.
• a plurality of ventilation fans 130 are arranged within the container providing an illustrated airflow 160 within the container.
• FIG. 1 further illustrates the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of heaters 140 being arranged intermingled in the container 120. It is a preferred arrangement to intermingle the heater and the temperature sensors 150 as this arrangement provides the most optimal and exact temperature sensing arrangement.
• FIG. 1 furthermore illustrates a battery storage system 100 with a temperature control method according to a presently preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the grid connected battery storage system comprises one or more battery modules 110 situated in a container 120.
• the container preferably being accessible for e.g. a service man through a door 170 or the alike.
• the illustrated system comprises at least one air conditioning unit AC and a plurality of fans 130.
• the air conditioning unit AC provides cooled air to the container and the fans are arranged to distribute the cooled air in the container.
• the illustrated system comprises at least one heater 140 and at least two temperature sensors 150 arranged at different locations in the container 120.
• a plurality of heaters 140 and a plurality of temperature sensors 150 are distributed within the container 120 in a way allowing the system to control the temperature of the battery storage system without the risk of sensing a non-precise temperature, i.e. the distributed temperature sensors are capable of determining a variation of the temperature within the container 120.
• Figure 1 thereby illustrating a battery control system having a reliably and optimal temperature control due to the optimal sensing of the temperature differences in the container.
• a preferred method of controlling the temperature within the container comprises at least the step of obtaining temperatures from the at least two temperature sensors 150, preferably from a plurality of distributed temperature sensors.
• the method comprises a step of controlling of the at least one heater 140 to generate heat, based on the obtained temperatures, for reducing a possible temperature difference AT between the obtained temperatures.
• the system comprises two or more heaters 140 arranged at different locations in the container 120, where the two or more heaters are controlled so as to reduce the temperate difference AT when controlled based on the measured temperatures.
• the controlling of the temperature and the heaters of the battery storage system could be anything between a complex and detailed control method to a very simple on-off control or e.g. a feedback control.
• a part of the controlling of the battery storage system 100 is preferably initiating the controlling of the at least one heater if a temperature condition is satisfied.
• Such step of controlling provides a control method that, even under a satisfied condition, is preparing for intervening whenever a temperature condition is satisfied and thereby increasing system reliability, as the temperature control TC indicates when to active or deactivate the relevant fans and heaters/coolers within the system.
• the temperature condition is satisfied if the temperature difference AT is below a maximum threshold difference ATmax.
• the maximum threshold difference ATmax sets a condition for initiating the temperature control based on the heaters, while other conditions may also have to be met.
• the maximum temperature threshold difference ATmax may be in the range from 4-15 °C.
• the temperature control method of the system further comprises a step of reducing a charging or discharging power of the battery storage system 100 if the temperature difference AT exceeds a threshold.
• This de-rated power setting may be initiated to prevent a further increase of the temperature difference. It was found that de-rating of one or more selected battery modules reduced the wear of challenged module considerably while typically allowing to keep a significant part of the battery storage system available online. In other cases, this reduced the likelihood of increasing damage to (other parts of) the battery storage system and hence increased safety of operating the battery storage system.
• the reduction in charging or discharging power may be for the whole battery storage system 100.
• the reduction in charging or discharging power may for example be by 10 - 80% of the normal charging or discharging power.
• the battery storage system comprises more battery modules 110.
• temperature sensors 150 are arranged so temperature difference for individual battery modules may be identified, then reduction in charging or discharging power may be on a battery module level by one (or more) battery modules 110 exhibiting the temperature difference AT exceeding the threshold charging or discharging at reduced power, while other battery modules 110 (with temperature difference AT below the threshold) charging or discharging at nonreduced power. Since the charging or discharging power of the battery storage system 100 is the sum of the charging or discharging power of the battery modules, then reduction of charging or discharging power of one or more battery modules will also reduce the charging or discharging power of the full battery storage system.
• reduction in charging or discharging power for individual battery modules 110 exhibiting the temperature difference AT exceeding the threshold may be have reduced the charging or discharging power to zero.
• This reduction in charging or discharging power according to one of the above derated power settings may be temporary (for example until the temperature difference AT does not exceed the threshold), semi-permanently (for example until the battery module 110 has been serviced) or permanently (as a safety precaution).
• a further temperature condition is satisfied if a maximum temperature in the container is below a threshold Tmax. This condition secure that the temperature in the container does not excess a maximum temperature and is thereby obtaining a container with a trustworthy secure temperature control system wherein the temperature never excess a temperature level that is not safe and secure and possibly dangerous for a battery storage system 100.
• a battery storage system 100 should comprise at least one ventilation fan 130 arranged to distribute cooled air from the air conditioning unit AC and/or heated air from the at least one heater. From FIG 1 it is seen that the battery storage system comprises three ventilation fans 130 and the ventilation fans are arranged at different locations in the container 120.
• the method of controlling the system within the container may further comprise controlling the at least one ventilation fan so as to reduce the temperature difference AT, as the ventilation fan causes an air flow 160 through the container and thereby mixing the air and temperature in the container generating a minimum temperature gradient within the container.
• the battery storage system illustrated in FIG 1 is furthermore connected to a grid.
• FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a temperature controller TC for controlling a grid G connected battery storage system 100, wherein the temperature controller comprises a control unit arranged to perform a temperature control method.
• the temperature control system for controlling a grid connected battery storage system shown in figure 2 comprises a temperature controller, a plurality of heaters 140, and a plurality temperature sensors 150 arranged at different locations in the container 120 when installed.
• FIG 2 illustrate the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of heaters being arranged intermingled in the container. It is a preferred embodiment to intermingle the heater and the temperature sensors as this arrangement provides the most optimal and exact temperature sensing arrangement.
• the battery storage system illustrated in FIG 2 is furthermore connected to a grid.
• FIG. 3 schematically illustrates some possible temperature gradients across and/or through the container 120 e.g. the temperature difference between the high and low point of the container or e.g. the temperature difference between the start-point and the end-point of the container.
• the invention disclosed provides a method to control and minimize the temperature gradients within the battery storage system, as the plurality of distributed temperature sensors (not shown), the plurality of distributed heaters (not shown) and the air at least one air conditioning unit (not shown) allow a better and more optimal temperature distribution within the system.
• FIG. 3 further illustrates an example of how the sensing of the temperature within the container of the battery storage system could be arranged prior to this invention. Namely with one temperature sensor 150 in one end of the container 120 next to a HVAC system. Sensing the temperature in only one end is clearly not an optimal temperature sensing as is does not provide a correct temperatures for the whole container, but only a temperature of one small isolated area of the container.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=80484489

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2021
  • 2021-09-06 EP EP21772674.4A patent/EP4208909A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2021-09-06 CN CN202180069495.1A patent/CN116325291A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-09-06 WO PCT/DK2021/050274 patent/WO2022048724A1/en unknown

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