EP4205154A1 - Contact pour interrupteur à vide, et procédé de production dudit contact - Google Patents

Contact pour interrupteur à vide, et procédé de production dudit contact

Info

Publication number
EP4205154A1
EP4205154A1 EP21782460.6A EP21782460A EP4205154A1 EP 4205154 A1 EP4205154 A1 EP 4205154A1 EP 21782460 A EP21782460 A EP 21782460A EP 4205154 A1 EP4205154 A1 EP 4205154A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
rod
contact piece
piece
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21782460.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Brauner
Denis Donner
Frank Graskowski
Uwe Jahnke
Klaus Oberndörfer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP4205154A1 publication Critical patent/EP4205154A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6643—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having disc-shaped contacts subdivided in petal-like segments, e.g. by helical grooves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/04—Co-operating contacts of different material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/06—Fixing of contacts to carrier ; Fixing of contacts to insulating carrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0231—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material provided with a solder layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H01H11/045—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion with the help of an intermediate layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/06—Fixing of contacts to carrier ; Fixing of contacts to insulating carrier
    • H01H2011/062—Fixing of contacts to carrier ; Fixing of contacts to insulating carrier by inserting only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a contact for a vacuum interrupter of a low, medium or high voltage switchgear and a manufacturing method for such a contact.
  • Vacuum tubes are used in low, medium and high-voltage switchgear in order to suppress the occurrence of arcs when switching currents as far as possible or to extinguish the arcs as quickly as possible.
  • a moving contact is either removed from a counter-contact (opening of the switch) or brought together with the counter-contact (closing of the switch).
  • Each contact consists of a contact piece that makes the physical and thus also electrical contact with a corresponding counterpart of the other contact, and a contact rod that acts as an electrical feeder or discharger.
  • the contact piece is usually of larger cross section than the contact rod to which it is attached at the end in order to increase the contact area exposed to the stresses of an arc and correspondingly distribute the stress over a larger area.
  • the contact piece Because of the high stress caused by the arcs, mechanically and chemically resistant materials are selected for the contact piece, but these are associated with high costs.
  • the contact rod On the other hand, the price and good electrical conductivity are in the foreground. Contact piece and contact rod are therefore manufactured separately and connected to one another when a contact is made. However, the connection between the contact rod and the contact piece is subject to high mechanical loads during operation of the vacuum interrupter, since the switch is closed at the highest possible speed and the contacts therefore collide at high speed in order to keep the time during which an arc occurs as short as possible. For this reason, it is desirable to connect the contact rod and contact piece to one another as firmly as possible with a high level of reliability.
  • the components of the vacuum tube are often first detachably connected to one another or placed one on top of the other without connection in a vacuum brazing furnace, the vacuum brazing furnace is evacuated and the loose or detachable components of the vacuum tube are firmly connected to one another by heating, with a vacuum being created inside the Vacuum tube is enclosed.
  • Either prefabricated contacts or also detachably or loosely connected contact rods and pieces can be installed, whereby in the latter case the necessary fixed connection of contact rods and pieces is only brought about by heating in the vacuum soldering furnace. In both cases, the quality of the connection between the contact piece and the contact rod cannot be inspected after production is complete, since the contact is inside the finished vacuum tube.
  • the object of the invention is to introduce an improved contact and a method for its manufacture.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a contact for a vacuum interrupter of a low, medium or high voltage switchgear.
  • the contact comprises a contact rod which extends along a longitudinal axis of the contact and has a first electrically conductive material, and a contact piece which is fastened to an end face of the contact rod and has a second electrically conductive material and a contact surface which faces away from the contact rod.
  • the contact rod and contact piece are firmly connected to one another at a connection surface.
  • At least one of the contact rod and the contact piece has a wall that delimits the connection surface, which rises perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis and is arranged in such a way that the contact piece and the contact rod are also positively connected to one another by a force acting transversely to the longitudinal axis between the contact piece and the contact rod are .
  • the non-positive connection of the contact rod and contact piece has the advantageous effect that both components can be correctly positioned relative to one another before the material connection is established, and the non-positive connection holds the two components in the desired position while the material connection is being established . This prevents the components from slipping relative to each other and achieves a high-quality material connection.
  • a wall can be arranged on a lateral surface of the contact rod, so that the wall presses against an inner surface of a recess in the contact piece that is at least approximately complementary in shape to the end of the contact rod that is pressed into the contact disc, thus causing the non-positive connection between the contact piece and the contact rod .
  • the wall can also be located on the inner surface of the contact be arranged piecewise, the contact rod being inserted into the space enclosed by the wall in order to produce the non-positive connection.
  • ramparts can also be provided both on the contact rod and on the contact piece in order to increase the stability of the non-positive connection. Several ramparts can also be provided on the contact rod and/or the contact piece.
  • a wall preferably runs along a closed line, in particular along a circular line. As a result, each section of the wall is loaded with the same force.
  • the contact rod and the contact piece are particularly preferably soldered to one another, that is to say the cohesive connection of the contact rod and contact piece is produced by soldering, in particular hard soldering.
  • solder can be placed as a coating of the contact piece and/or contact rod, as a soldering foil or in some other form in the space enclosed between the contact rod and contact piece, before the non-positive and finally the material connection is established.
  • the wall or walls bring about the additional advantage that they form a barrier for the solder that liquefies during the production of the material-locking connection and keep it at the desired location.
  • the wall particularly preferably runs concentrically around the longitudinal axis. As a result, the effect of the force of the wall is uniform in all directions, so that the contact rod is centered relative to the contact piece when the non-positive connection is established.
  • a trench is provided which runs at least approximately parallel to the wall and is arranged on a side of the wall facing away from the contact surface of the contact piece. If there are several ramparts, a corresponding ditch can be provided next to each of the ramparts.
  • the ditch has the advantage that material from the adjacent wall can get into the ditch or be absorbed by it when the non-positive connection is made by deformation. For this reason, the trench is also arranged on the side of the wall facing away from the contact surface of the contact piece. The presence of a trench enables a higher quality positive connection to be made without having to use an excessively large pressing force.
  • the volume of a ditch is preferably at least half the volume of the adjacent embankment. For example, it can be at least approximately the same as the volume of the neighboring wall, or it can be larger.
  • the contact piece may have a passage having a first opening and a second opening, the first opening opening to the contact surface of the contact piece and the second opening opening to a side of the contact piece remote from the contact surface of the contact piece is open .
  • the passage has the advantage that air trapped between the contact piece and the contact rod can escape when the non-positive connection is made and finally also when the vacuum soldering furnace is evacuated, which reduces the pressing force required to create the non-positive connection and the quality of the material-locking Increased connection between contact piece and contact rod.
  • the contact rod can, for example, have a formation arranged in the passage of the contact piece. The shape can increase the area available for creating the non-positive connection.
  • the wall can also have at least one passage which has a first opening into a space enclosed by the contact piece and the end face of the contact rod and a second opening into a region surrounding the contact.
  • the passage causes air trapped between the contact piece and the contact rod during the evacuation of the vacuum soldering furnace can escape, so that a disturbing pressure effect of this air can be avoided during the heating of the vacuum brazing furnace.
  • the at least one passage can be closed by solder while the material connection between the contact piece and the contact rod is being established, but remains detectable in the finished product due to the different materials used for wall and solder.
  • the passage can be designed, for example, as a through hole or as a slot reaching up to the top of the wall.
  • the wall can have a plurality of such passages, which are arranged at least approximately equidistantly. As a result, the same mechanical properties as the bendability and deformability of the wall are achieved along the wall.
  • a first coefficient of thermal expansion of the first material is particularly preferably greater than a second coefficient of thermal expansion of the second material.
  • the first material can be copper, stainless steel or a copper or stainless steel alloy.
  • the second material may be a copper-chromium composite, a tungsten-copper compound, or a tungsten carbide-metal compound such as tungsten carbide-silver or tungsten carbide-copper.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a contact according to the invention. It has at least the following steps: providing the contact rod;
  • solder can be placed between the contact rod and the contact piece before the non-positive connection is established.
  • solder can be placed between the contact rod and the contact piece before the non-positive connection is established.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a vacuum interrupter, in which a contact according to the invention can be used, in a sectional drawing;
  • FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a contact according to the invention in a sectional drawing
  • FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a contact according to the invention in a sectional drawing
  • FIG. 4 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a contact according to the invention in a sectional drawing
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a contact according to the invention in a sectional drawing
  • FIG. 6 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of a contact according to the invention in a sectional drawing
  • FIG. 7 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of a contact according to the invention in a sectional drawing
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a contact according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a vacuum interrupter 100, in which a contact 1 according to the invention can be used, in a sectional drawing.
  • the vacuum interrupter 100 comprises two contacts 1 arranged opposite one another in a ceramic housing 7, one of which is usually designed as a moving contact and the other as a fixed contact.
  • the moving contact can be displaced along a direction of movement 4 within the vacuum interrupter 100, so that respective contact surfaces 14 of the two contacts 1 can be brought into contact with one another or separated from one another.
  • a flexible bellows 5 ensures that the vacuum prevailing in the vacuum interrupter 100 is maintained despite the movement of the moving contact.
  • Each contact 1 comprises a contact rod 2 which extends along a longitudinal axis 13 and a contact piece 3 which is fastened to one end of the contact rod 2 and has the contact surfaces 14 lying opposite one another.
  • a shield 6 serves to protect the underlying ceramic from vaporization with contact material from switching arcs and, if necessary, to assume a potential lying between the potentials of the contacts 1, as a result of which the electrical field prevailing in the vacuum interrupter 100 can be advantageously influenced.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a contact 1 according to the invention in a sectional drawing.
  • the contact rod 2 of the contact 1 has a formation 10 which fits into a correspondingly shaped passage 11 of the contact piece 3 is introduced.
  • the formation 10 can in particular be cylindrical in shape.
  • the passage 11 has the additional advantage that gas located between the contact rod 2 and the contact piece 3 can escape when the vacuum soldering furnace is evacuated. If gas remains in the vacuum soldering furnace, undesired chemical reactions can occur on the surfaces of the contact 1 and inside the vacuum interrupter 100 . In addition, trapped gas can prevent the formation of a material bond of sufficient quality.
  • a wall 8 is provided, which in the exemplary embodiment shown here is arranged on the contact rod 2 and more precisely on the formation 10 of the contact rod 2 .
  • the wall 8 runs around the formation 10 and can thus represent a ring around it.
  • the ring can be arranged concentrically around the longitudinal axis 13 of the contact 1 .
  • the wall 8 serves to create a non-positive connection between the contact rod 2 and the contact piece 3 before a material connection is then made. The non-positive connection holds contact piece 3 and contact rod 2 relative to one another in the desired position for producing the materially bonded position.
  • solder 9 for example a soldering foil
  • the wall 8 serves as a delimitation of the connection surface, since the solder 9, which is heated and liquefied during the production of the material connection, cannot pass through the wall 8. This prevents the liquefied solder 9 from leaving the area of the connection surface, as a result of which the quality of the material connection is impaired and the contact surface 14 of the contact piece 3 can be contaminated with solder.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a contact 1 according to the invention in a sectional drawing.
  • this is with contact piece 3 connected end of the contact rod is stepped.
  • the wall 8 delimits the connecting surface on its other side.
  • the first and the second exemplary embodiment can advantageously be combined in a vacuum interrupter 100 if the upper contact is realized according to the first exemplary embodiment and the lower contact according to the second exemplary embodiment, since if the vacuum interrupter 100 is placed vertically in the vacuum soldering furnace, the solder 9 can be held in place against the action of gravity at both contacts.
  • Figure 4 shows a third exemplary embodiment from a contact 1 according to the invention in a sectional drawing, in which two walls 8 are provided, whereby the strength of the non-positive connection is increased.
  • the arrangement of the ramparts 8 of the exemplary embodiment shown here also has the effect that they limit the connection surface on both sides, so that the solder 9 cannot leave the space defined by the ramparts 8, so that the connection surface on which the materially cohesive connection is formed , is sharply defined .
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a contact 1 according to the invention in a sectional drawing, which largely corresponds to the second exemplary embodiment from FIG.
  • the difference between the two exemplary embodiments is that here the wall 8 is not arranged on the contact rod 2 but on the contact piece 3 .
  • a wall 8 can be arranged on the contact rod 2 or the contact piece 3 in all embodiments of the invention. It is also possible to provide one or more ramparts on both the contact rod 2 and the contact piece 3 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of a contact 1 according to the invention in a sectional drawing, in which the contact piece 3 is let into the contact rod 2 .
  • Such an embodiment can be chosen if the thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the contact piece 3 is greater than that of the material of the contact rod 2 .
  • the contact piece 3 expands more than the contact rod 2 when heated, so that the strength of the non-positive connection is temporarily increased in the course of the establishment of the non-positive connection. This makes it possible to produce the non-positive connection with a relatively small force, with a greater force acting during the soldering process and holding the contact piece 3 and the contact rod 2 in the desired position relative to one another.
  • FIG. 7 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of a contact 1 according to the invention in a sectional drawing, in which several walls 8 are provided which, however, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, all delimit the connecting surface at the same end.
  • Such arrangements of ramparts 8 are of course also possible in the other embodiments shown.
  • trenches 12 are also provided, each of which runs next to one of the ramparts 8 .
  • Each trench 12 is arranged on that side of the associated wall 8 which is remote from the contact side 14 .
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a contact according to the invention, which begins in a starting step SO and continues with a step S 1 in which a contact rod is provided.
  • step S2 A suitable contact piece is provided in step S2.
  • step S3 solder is placed between the contact rod and the contact piece.
  • Steps S1, S2 and S3 can generally be carried out in any order or at the same time.
  • step S4 the contact rod and contact piece are non-positively connected by applying a pressing force along the longitudinal axis.
  • step S5 the contact rod and contact piece are materially connected, which can include partial steps of evacuating a vacuum soldering furnace and heating the vacuum soldering furnace. The method ends in a final step S 6 after the vacuum brazing furnace has cooled down and the contact has been completed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un contact (1) pour un interrupteur à vide (1) d'un appareillage de commutation basse, moyenne ou haute tension, ainsi qu'un procédé de production dudit contact (1). Le contact (1) selon l'invention comprend une barre de contact (2) composée d'un premier matériau électroconducteur s'étendant le long d'un axe longitudinal (13) du contact (1), et une pièce de contact (3) composée d'un deuxième matériau électroconducteur fixé sur une face d'extrémité de la barre de contact (2). La barre de contact (2) et la pièce de contact (3) sont liées d'un seul tenant l'une à l'autre au niveau d'une face de liaison. Selon l'invention, la barre de contact (2) et/ou la pièce de contact (3) présente(nt) une paroi (8) qui délimite la face de liaison, qui s'élève perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal (13) et qui est agencée de sorte que la pièce de contact (3) et la barre de contact (2) soient également reliées par friction par une force agissant transversalement à l'axe longitudinal (13), entre la pièce de contact (3) et la barre de contact (2).
EP21782460.6A 2020-09-30 2021-09-17 Contact pour interrupteur à vide, et procédé de production dudit contact Pending EP4205154A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020212397 2020-09-30
DE102020214421 2020-11-17
PCT/EP2021/075722 WO2022069263A1 (fr) 2020-09-30 2021-09-17 Contact pour interrupteur à vide, et procédé de production dudit contact

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4205154A1 true EP4205154A1 (fr) 2023-07-05

Family

ID=77989779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21782460.6A Pending EP4205154A1 (fr) 2020-09-30 2021-09-17 Contact pour interrupteur à vide, et procédé de production dudit contact

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20230368986A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4205154A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN116195020A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022069263A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19902500B4 (de) * 1999-01-22 2004-07-22 Moeller Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Kontaktanordnung für eine Vakuumschaltröhre
US9704658B2 (en) * 2014-11-17 2017-07-11 Eaton Corporation Vacuum switching apparatus, and contact assembly and method of securing an electrical contact to an electrode therefor
DE102015216911B4 (de) * 2015-09-03 2018-10-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre mit einer Halteelementaufnahme und/oder einem Halteelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen
CN205282375U (zh) * 2015-12-04 2016-06-01 天津平高智能电气有限公司 一种真空灭弧室及其触头装置和该装置的导电杆、触头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20230368986A1 (en) 2023-11-16
WO2022069263A1 (fr) 2022-04-07
CN116195020A (zh) 2023-05-30

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