EP4187186B1 - Hebevorrichtung - Google Patents

Hebevorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4187186B1
EP4187186B1 EP21211058.9A EP21211058A EP4187186B1 EP 4187186 B1 EP4187186 B1 EP 4187186B1 EP 21211058 A EP21211058 A EP 21211058A EP 4187186 B1 EP4187186 B1 EP 4187186B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lever
inner housing
gripping
nut
brake
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21211058.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4187186A1 (de
Inventor
Bert Swertz
Enno Kramer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reel GmbH
Original Assignee
Reel GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP21211058.9A priority Critical patent/EP4187186B1/de
Publication of EP4187186A1 publication Critical patent/EP4187186A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4187186B1 publication Critical patent/EP4187186B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/42—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles
    • B66C1/44—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles and applying frictional forces
    • B66C1/442—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles and applying frictional forces actuated by lifting force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0068—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising clamps or tongs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0069—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities the device being suspended, e.g. from a crane

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hoisting apparatus for hoisting a load, in particular anodes or anode blocks as used in a furnace for the production of aluminum, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • anodes In an aluminum factory a very important part of the production process are the anodes. Anodes are used in the electrolysis processes, whereas they are being used up in this process. Thus, for each ton of aluminum approx. 500 kg of anode material is being consumed. Generally, these anodes are made from carbon and pitch. When they are produced in a first step, they are transported by conveyors to a storage area, where they are handled by anode stacking cranes, putting the anodes in storage. Next, the anodes are taken out of storage by the anode stacking crane, taken to a conveying system that transports them to the baking furnace where they are handled by a different crane, the furnace tending assembly.
  • the anodes are baked in the furnace, where they get their required properties, taken from the furnace and placed on a conveyor system that takes them again to a storage where they are taken again by an anode stacking crane and placed in storage.
  • the anodes are taken out of storage and placed on a conveyor that takes them to a rodding shop where a rod is attached and they can be used in the electrolysis process.
  • Both, the anode stacking crane and the furnace tending assembly have either mechanically (e.g., by gravity) or hydraulically operated clamping members, e.g., gripping jaws, described exemplary in US 4,326,937 A , US 3,719,300 A , WO 2004/079046 A2 , and US 4,133,570 A .
  • mechanical operated gripping jaws according to e.g., US 4,133,570 A
  • the clamping force to the anode is provided by a lever mechanism using the weight of the parts of the gripping mechanism and the anode to create enough clamping force so that the anode stays grabbed and can get lifted.
  • All conventional gravity-based mechanisms can be locked using a locking mechanism in order to block a movement of the gripping jaws against each other, wherein this blocking is only carried out when the gripping jaws are opened and no load or anode is grabbed. This enables the gripping jaws to be positioned above the load, wherein after reaching the correct position the locking of the gripping jaws is suspended, such that the load or anode can be grabbed using the gravity-based mechanism. A locking during transportation of the load is not provided for in the known gravity-based mechanisms.
  • a hoisting apparatus for gripping and lifting a load, e.g., an anode
  • the hoisting apparatus comprises a locking mechanism having a nut rotatably connected to an inner housing of the hoisting apparatus and screwed onto a spindle, wherein the spindle is fixedly connected to an outer housing of the hoisting apparatus, directly or indirectly, such that the nut rotates on the spindle if/when the inner housing is moved against an outer housing along the lifting direction, wherein the nut is further fixedly connected to a brake disc, preferably in a coaxial configuration, and the brake disc is interacting with a brake unit, e.g., a brake caliper, attached to the inner housing in such a way, that in an activated state of the brake unit a rotation of the brake disc and the nut is prevented in order to also prevent the gripping jaws (or grabbing jaws) of the hoisting apparatus to move against each other along the gripping direction, which is
  • the locking mechanism can easily prevent or block a movement of the inner housing, which is operatively connected to each gripping jaw by a lever mechanism, against the outer housing along a (vertical) lifting direction by preventing a rotation of the nut on the spindle. Otherwise, in the unlocked state, this relative movement of the inner housing against the outer housing causes the gripping jaws to move relative to each other along the gripping direction in the present gravity-based mechanisms, e.g., closer together to grab or apart from each other to release a load or anode.
  • the nut of the locking mechanism comprises an outer guiding groove and at least one bearing is fixedly connected to the inner housing, wherein the at least one bearing is movably received in the outer guiding groove to rotatably connect the nut to the inner housing.
  • the brake unit e.g., brake caliper
  • the brake unit comprises at least one brake pad, preferably two brake pads above each surface (top/bottom) of the brake disc, wherein the brake disc is at least partially positioned inside a gap of the brake unit in such a way that the at least one brake pad containing friction material layers on its surface can be pressed flat against the brake disc in the activated state of the brake unit in order to prevent a rotation of the brake disc by friction.
  • the rotation of the brake disc can be allowed or prevented in an easy and effective way, when there is a need to lock the gripping jaws.
  • a lever mechanism is assigned to each clamping jaw, wherein each lever mechanism is constructed identical, and each lever mechanism is coupled to the inner housing, e.g., via an equalizer. This allows to transfer a vertical movement (along the lifting direction) of the inner housing against the outer housing into a uniform horizontal motion (along the gripping direction) of the gripping jaws relative to each other.
  • each lever mechanism comprises an angle lever having two lever arms merging into each other at a pivot point, whereas said angle lever is pivotably connected to the outer housing at said pivot point and the first lever arm of said angle lever is pivotably connected to the assigned clamping jaw and the second lever arm of said angle lever is pivotably connected to a straight lever of the same lever mechanism, wherein the straight lever is in turn pivotably connected to the inner housing, e.g., via the equalizer.
  • Fig. 1 shows a hoisting apparatus 1 having an outer housing 2 containing movable clamping members, e.g., gripping jaws 3, 4, on each side and an inner housing 5 that can be moved relative to the outer housing 2, wherein this movement is guided by several rollers R or guide wheels attached to the outer housing 2 running on guide rails G on the inner housing 5 (see Fig. 3 ).
  • the inner housing 5 is connected to a lifting means, e.g., a motor (not shown), suitable to lift a load L (see Fig. 2 ) that is to be grabbed using the gripping jaws 3, 4.
  • the inner housing 5 can be connected to the lifting means by wire ropes or rope sheaves.
  • the load L is an anode (or a plurality of anodes) as used in a furnace for producing aluminum.
  • the hoisting apparatus 1 may be part of an anode stacking crane to put or pick new or baked anodes into or out of a storage, or a furnace tending assembly, which handles the anodes in the area of the baking furnace, where the anodes get their properties required for the subsequent electrolysis process.
  • the respective gripping jaws 3, 4 are each connected to the outer housing 2 by a linking member 6, a lever for example, each running between a first shaft 7 on the outer housing 2 and a second shaft 8 on horizontal arms 3a, 4a of the respective gripping jaws 3, 4.
  • An additional lever mechanism 9a, 9b individually connects the gripping jaws 3, 4 to an equalizer 10, which in turn is attached to the inner housing 5. If the inner housing 5 is moved against the outer housing 2 in a lifting direction D2 (vertical direction) the lever mechanisms 9a, 9b transfer this vertical movement into the gripping jaws 3, 4, causing an essentially horizontal movement of the gripping jaws 3, 4 in a gripping direction D1, as described below.
  • each gripping jaw 3, 4 is affected in the same way.
  • the gripping jaws 3, 4 are uniformly moved closer together and upon lowering the inner housing 5 against the outer housing 2, the clamping jaws 3, 4 are uniformly moved apart from each other.
  • both clamping jaws 3, 4 come into contact with the load L in a grabbed state, a clamping force is acting on the load L, whereas said clamping force is, in particular, dependent on the weight of all the elements carried by the inner housing 5, namely the load L as well as the mentioned mechanical components 6, 9a, 9b, 2.
  • the lever mechanism 9a, 9b converts the gravitational force acting on the inner housing 5 into the clamping force acting on the load L.
  • Each of said lever mechanism 9a, 9b contains an angle lever 11, having a first lever arm 11a and a second lever arm 11b merging into each other at a pivot point 14, as well as a straight lever 12.
  • the first lever arm 11a of each angle lever 11 is pivotably connected to the respective horizontal arm 3a, 4a of the gripping jaws 3, 4 by a third shaft 13.
  • the second lever arm 11b of each angle lever 11 is pivotable connected to one of said straight levers 12 by a fourth shaft 15.
  • Each straight lever 12 is in turn pivotably connected to the equalizer 10 by a fifth shaft 16.
  • each of said angle levers 11 is pivotably connected to the outer housing 2 at the pivot point 14 by a sixth shaft 17.
  • the first lever arm 11a and the linking member 6 assigned to the same gripping jaw 3, 4 form a parallelogram linkage Pa, Pb. This ensures an essentially horizontal movement of the gripping jaws 3, 4 in the gripping direction D1 and thus an effective force application to the load L, when the inner housing 5 is moved in the vertical direction (lifting direction D2) against the outer housing 2.
  • the relative movement of the inner housing 5 against the outer housing 2 can be blocked by a locking mechanism 18 as shown in Fig. 3 to 6 , in order to prevent a relative movement of the clamping jaws 3, 4 against each other, when needed.
  • the locking mechanism 18 allows to block the relative movement of the housings 2, 5 and the gripping jaws 3, 4 against each other in every relative position. Consequently, the gripping jaws 3, 4 can be locked in an open position, e.g., when moving the crane containing the hoisting apparatus 1 above the load L to be grabbed or after releasing the load L, as well as in a closed position or grabbed state when a clamping force is acting on the load L.
  • an accidental opening of the gripping jaws 3, 4 can be prevented in the closed position or grabbed state, e.g., in case the grabbed load L is lowered onto an object, e.g., onto the edge of a furnace pit, which would automatically lead to a relative movement of the inner housing 5 against the outer housing 2, if such a locking mechanism 18 isn't used.
  • the locking mechanism 18 is attached to the inner housing 5, e.g., onto an inner plate 19 connected to the inner housing 5, as shown in Fig. 5 .
  • the inner plate 19 has an opening 20 through which a spindle 21 having a threaded region 21a protrudes, as can be seen in Fig. 3 or 4 .
  • the spindle 21 is connected or fixed by fixing means 23 to an attachment plate 22 at the underside of the outer housing 2, wherein, in the shown embodiment, the spindle 21 is connected with or attached to an additional non-threaded rod 24 (in one-piece design or two-piece design), which is fixed to the attachment plate 22 by the fixing means 23.
  • the spindle 21 and the non-threaded rod 24 are passing all the way through the inner housing 5 in vertical direction.
  • the spindle 21 might be directly fixed to the outer housing 2 or the attachment plate 22 without an additional non-threaded rod 24.
  • the locking mechanism 18 further comprises a nut 25 having an inner thread 25a such that the nut 25 can be screwed onto the threaded region 21a of the spindle 21 allowing a vertical movement of the nut 25 along the spindle 21.
  • the nut 25 has an outer guide groove 25b in which at least one bearing 26, e.g., an annular bearing 26 or circular arranged bearings 26, is received.
  • the at least one bearing 26 is fixedly connected to the inner housing 5, e.g., by an annular bracket 27. Consequently, by moving the inner housing 5 relative to the outer housing 2 up (to close the grab) or down (to open the grab), the at least one bearing 26 received inside the outer guide groove 25b pushes the nut 25 up or down.
  • the thread pitch of the threaded region 21a and the inner thread 25a is selected accordingly to allow this rotation of the nut 25 when a relative movement between the housings 2, 5 occur.
  • the nut 25 is coaxially connected with a brake disc 28, such that the brake disc 28 is also rotating around the same rotational axis as the nut 25 upon relative movement of the inner housing 5 against the outer housing 2.
  • the brake disc 28 is at least in part placed inside a gap 29 of a brake unit 30 (brake caliper) having brake pads 30a, 30b and an actuating means 30c.
  • the brake unit 30 is fixed to the inner housing 5, e.g., also to the inner plate 19.
  • the brake unit 30 In dependence of the switching position of the actuating means 30c the brake unit 30 is activated or released, wherein in the activated state of the brake unit 30 the brake pads 30a, 30b are (from above and below) pressed flat against the surface of the brake disc 28 placed inside the gap 29, whereby a braking force is generated as the friction material layers on each of the brake pads 30a, 30b are touching the brake disc 28. Consequently, the rotation of the brake disc 28 as well as the nut 25 on the spindle 21 is prevented in the activated state of the brake unit 30. This also blocks a relative movement of the housings 2, 5 against each other, such that the relative movement of the gripping jaws 3, 4 is also locked in the current position as the lever mechanisms 9a, 9b is fixed.
  • the gripping jaws 3, 4 can be brought into a locked or an unlocked state in every position by operating the actuation means 30c at the appropriate point in time. If a load L should be grabbed, the gripping jaws 3, 4 can be locked (locked state) by bringing the brake unit 30 into the activated state while the gripping jaws 3, 4 are positioned above the load L. Once they are positioned above the load L the actuating means 30c are actuated such that the brake unit 30 is brought into the released state (brake pads 30a, 30b lifted from the brake disc 28) in order to allow the gripping jaws 3, 4 to move closer together in this unlocked state by moving the inner housing 5 up relative to the outer housing 2, as described above.
  • the actuating means 30a are actuated such that the brake unit 30 is brought into the activated state (brake pads 30a, 30b pressed against the brake disc 28) in order to lock the gripping jaws 3, 4 in the current position (locked state).
  • the load L is lowered onto something, e.g., unintentionally, the gripping jaws 3, 4 stay closed and the load L can be securely carried by the hoisting apparatus 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Hebevorrichtung (1) zum Greifen und Anheben einer Last (L), beispielsweise einer Anode, enthaltend,
    - ein Außengehäuse (2), welches an jeder Seite bewegliche Klemmbacken (3, 4) aufweist, die jeweils über ein Parallelogrammgestänge (Pa, Pb) so mit dem Außengehäuse (2) verbunden sind, dass sich die Klemmbacken (3, 4) in eine Greifrichtung (D1) bewegen können,
    - ein Innengehäuse (5), welches mit jeder der Klemmbacken (3, 4) über einen Hebelmechanismus (9a, 9b) in Wirkverbindung steht, derart, dass eine Bewegung des Innengehäuses (5) gegenüber dem Außengehäuse (2) entlang einer Heberichtung (D2) bewirkt, dass sich die Klemmbacken (3, 4) relativ zueinander entlang der Greifrichtung (D1) bewegen, und
    - einen Verriegelungsmechanismus (18), welcher so ausgeführt ist, dass er eine relative Bewegung des Innengehäuses (5) gegenüber dem Au-ßengehäuse (2) zulässt oder verhindert, um zuzulassen oder zu verhindern, dass sich die Klemmbacken (3, 4) entlang der Greifrichtung (D1) gegeneinander bewegen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Verriegelungsmechanismus (18) eine Mutter (25) aufweist, die drehbar mit dem Innengehäuse (5) verbunden und auf eine Spindel (21) aufgeschraubt ist, wobei die Spindel (21) fest mit dem Außengehäuse (2) verbunden ist, derart, dass sich die Mutter (25) auf der Spindel (21) dreht, wenn das Innengehäuse (5) gegenüber dem Außengehäuse (2) entlang der Heberichtung (D2) bewegt wird,
    wobei die Mutter (25) weiterhin fest mit einer Bremsscheibe (28) verbunden ist und die Bremsscheibe (28) mit einer an dem Innengehäuse (5) angebrachten Bremseinheit (30) zusammenwirkt, derart, dass in einem aktivierten Zustand der Bremseinheit (30) eine Drehung der Bremsscheibe (28) und der Mutter (25) verhindert wird, so dass auch verhindert wird, dass sich die Klemmbacken (3, 4) gegeneinander entlang der Greifrichtung (D1) bewegen.
  2. Hebevorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei in gelösten Zustand der Bremseinheit (30) eine Drehung der Bremsscheibe (28) und der Mutter (25) ermöglicht wird, so dass sich auch die Klemmbacken (3, 4) gegeneinander entlang der Greifrichtung (D1) bewegen können.
  3. Hebevorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Mutter (25) des Verriegelungsmechanismus' (18) eine äußere Führungsnut (25a) aufweist und mindestens ein Lager (26) fest mit dem Innengehäuse (5) verbunden ist, wobei das mindestens eine Lager (26) beweglich in der äu-ßeren Führungsnut (25a) aufgenommen ist, um die Mutter (25) drehbar mit dem Innengehäuse (5) zu verbinden.
  4. Hebevorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bremseinheit (30) mindestens einen Bremsbelag (30a, 30b), vorzugsweise zwei Bremsbeläge (30a, 30b), aufweist, wobei die Bremsscheibe (28) zumindest teilweise innerhalb eines Zwischenraums (29) der Bremseinheit (30) angeordnet ist, derart, dass der mindestens eine Bremsbelag (30a, 30b) in dem aktivierten Zustand der Bremseinheit (30) flach gegen die Bremsscheibe (28) gedrückt werden kann, um so eine Drehung der Bremsscheibe (28) zu verhindern.
  5. Hebevorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei jeder der Klemmbacken (3, 4) ein Hebelmechanismus (9a, 9b) zugeordnet ist und jeder Hebelmechanismus (9a, 9b) mit dem Innengehäuse (5) verbunden ist, z.B. über einen Ausgleichsverbinder (10).
  6. Hebevorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 5, wobei jeder Hebelmechanismus (9a, 9b) einen Winkelhebel (11) mit zwei Hebelarmen (11a, 11b) aufweist, die an einem Drehpunkt (14) ineinander übergehen, wobei der Winkelhebel (11) an diesem Drehpunkt (14) drehbar mit dem Außengehäuse (2) verbunden ist und der erste Hebelarm (11a) des Winkelhebels (11) drehbar mit der ihm zugeordneten Klemmbacke (3, 4) verbunden ist und der zweite Hebelarm (11b) des Winkelhebels (11) drehbar mit einem geraden Hebel (12) desselben Hebelmechanismus' (9a, 9b) verbunden ist, wobei der gerade Hebel (12) seinerseits drehbar mit dem Innengehäuse (5) verbunden ist, z.B. über den Ausgleichsverbinder (10).
  7. Hebevorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 6, wobei jeder Klemmbacke (3, 4) ein zusätzliches Verbindungsglied (6) zugeordnet ist, wobei jedes Verbindungsglied (6) drehbar mit dem Außengehäuse (2) und der zugeordneten Klemmbacke (3, 4) verbunden ist, und wobei der erste Hebelarm (11a) des Winkelhebels (11) und das derselben Klemmbacke (3, 4) zugeordnete Verbindungsglied (6) das jeweilige Parallelogrammgestänge (Pa, Pb) bilden, welches es der zugeordneten Klemmbacke (3, 4) erlaubt, sich in der Greifrichtung (D1) zu bewegen.
  8. Hebevorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei alle Hebelmechanismen (9a, 9b) identisch ausgebildet sind.
EP21211058.9A 2021-11-29 2021-11-29 Hebevorrichtung Active EP4187186B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21211058.9A EP4187186B1 (de) 2021-11-29 2021-11-29 Hebevorrichtung

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21211058.9A EP4187186B1 (de) 2021-11-29 2021-11-29 Hebevorrichtung

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EP4187186A1 EP4187186A1 (de) 2023-05-31
EP4187186B1 true EP4187186B1 (de) 2023-11-29

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7000804A (de) 1970-01-20 1971-07-22
US4133570A (en) 1977-07-22 1979-01-09 B. V. Nederlandse Kraanbouw Maatschappij Nkm Hoisting apparatus having improved clamping means
US4326937A (en) 1980-09-16 1982-04-27 Par Systems Corp. Grab mechanism
FR2851762B1 (fr) 2003-02-28 2006-02-10 Ecl Pince de manutention d'une machine de service de cellules d'electrolyse pour la production d'alumunium

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