Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/58—Multistep processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
  • B01D61/027—Nanofiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
  • B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/149—Multistep processes comprising different kinds of membrane processes selected from ultrafiltration or microfiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/04—Tubular membranes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
  • B01D69/06—Flat membranes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
  • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
  • C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
  • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
  • B01D2311/2623—Ion-Exchange
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
  • B01D2311/2626—Absorption or adsorption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
  • B01D2311/263—Chemical reaction
  • B01D2311/2634—Oxidation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
  • B01D2311/2642—Aggregation, sedimentation, flocculation, precipitation or coagulation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
  • B01D2313/40—Adsorbents within the flow path
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
  • B01D2313/42—Catalysts within the flow path
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
  • B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
  • B01D2315/10—Cross-flow filtration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2319/00—Membrane assemblies within one housing
  • B01D2319/06—Use of membranes of different materials or properties within one module
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
  • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
  • C02F2101/305—Endocrine disruptive agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
  • C02F2103/343—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the pharmaceutical industry, e.g. containing antibiotics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
  • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for membrane filtration and for removing micropollutants from water or other liquids using a reactive substance, the device having a reaction space and at least one connection for feeding and/or removing the reactive substance into and/or out of the reaction space, so that the micropollutants can react with the reactive substance in the reaction space and/or can be removed from the liquid, and the reaction space has a first membrane and a second membrane.
• micropollutants such as drug residues and/or poorly degradable organic substances
• membrane filtration is combined with reactive processes, for example on particulate or immobilized solid surfaces.
• reactive solids such as absorbers, ion exchangers, catalysts and similar, built into a membrane filter layer itself or the permeate space of the membrane system and / or immobilized.
• WO 2015/165988 A1 describes a filter element for a liquid filter, in which a nonwoven filter material is arranged as a drainage element between two filter membranes and is laminated by means of an adhesive nonwoven material.
• Reactive material such as adsorbents and ion exchangers, can be embedded and fixed in the filter fleece.
• the disadvantage here is that the loaded reactive material in the filter fleece cannot be sufficiently flowed through and is difficult to access for efficient regeneration.
• DE 10 2018 009 597 A1 discloses a device for multiple changes in the composition of a fluid, which has a first filter module, followed by a dwell module with lamellae and a second filter module.
• the fluid to be treated enters the first filter module via an inlet of the retentate channel, the first filter medium of which is only used for supply medium to enter the retentate channel and the second filter medium of which causes a targeted separation effect in which only certain components of the fluid can pass through the second filter medium.
• the main stream of fluid is fed directly to the residence module.
• the second filter module after the residence time module serves to retain a fluid containing vaccine as a product through the second filter medium of the second filter module while the contaminants can pass through it.
• a membrane system as the first treatment stage can also be followed by the removal of micropollutants as a downstream treatment stage.
• the membrane filtration can be followed by an activated carbon adsorber column, through which the permeate from the membrane filtration is passed.
• the disadvantage here is the complex multi-stage process, the larger size due to separate treatment stages and the procedural coordination of the individual treatment stages with one another.
• the object of the invention is to improve the prior art.
• the object is achieved by a device for membrane filtration and for removing micropollutants from liquids using a reactive substance, the device having a reaction space and at least one connection for feeding and/or removing the reactive substance into and/or out of the reaction space, so that the micropollutants can react with the reactive substance in the reaction chamber and/or can be removed from a liquid
• the reaction chamber has a first membrane and a second membrane, the first membrane being designed as an inlet into the reaction chamber and the second membrane as an outlet from the reaction chamber, so that the liquid to be treated can be filtered through the first membrane and flow into the reaction space, the liquid treated in the reaction space with the reactive substance can be filtered through the second membrane and flowed out of the reaction space, and the outflowed, treated liquid is essentially free of microdamage fabrics is.
• the device by means of the device, removal of micropollutants by a particularly fluid reactive substance from contaminated liquids or contaminated water is made possible in a reaction space, the reaction space being formed between a first membrane and a second membrane.
• the first membrane is designed as an inlet and thus as an inlet for the raw liquid with the micropollutants it contains into the reaction space, as a result of which the raw liquid is prefiltered and the micropollutants then react with the reactive substance or substances present in the reaction space and/or from the pre-filtered raw liquid are removed.
• the separate reaction space between the two membranes is preferably flowed through with the reactive substance or substances, so that the reactive substance or substances is or are continuously replaced and/or together with can or can be continuously removed from the reaction products formed. This enables in situ regeneration at the same time.
• a single-stage device is provided as a combination of a membrane system with a treatment step using a reactive substance, which allows continuous renewal of the reactive substance and/or derivation of the reaction product formed between the micropollutants and the reactive substance.
• the separate delimited reaction chamber at least one separate hydraulic connection to the outside, in order to supply and/or discharge the reactive substances and/or the reaction products separately from the feed and permeate of the membranes.
• the separate reaction chamber preferably has two connections, so that a continuous flow through the reaction chamber and a loading and/or unloading of the reaction chamber with fresh and/or used reactive substance is made possible.
• An essential idea of the invention is based on the fact that the device is designed as a compact, two-stage membrane filtration with an integrated physical and/or chemical reaction chamber in between, and continuous or discontinuous charging and/or discharging of the reaction chamber is made possible. Because the two filter membranes directly form the inlet and outlet of the reaction chamber, the device represents a compact, sole treatment stage.
• Membrane filtration means the mechanical separation and/or purification of substances by filtration through a membrane or several membranes.
• the phase retained by the membrane is usually referred to as retentate and the phase passing through the membrane as permeate.
• Liquid is in particular matter in the liquid state of aggregation.
• the liquid can be, for example, an inorganic and/or organic liquid, fruit juice and/or water.
• a "micropollutant” (also called “micropollutant”) is, in particular, an undesirable substance found in a liquid.
• a micropollutant is, in particular, a microscopically small substance which is present in particular in a concentration of nanograms to a few micrograms per liter of liquid.
• Micropollutants are, for example, drug residues, biocides, household chemicals and other inputs from trade and industry.
• Micropollutants include in particular various groups of substances, such as pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic chlorine compounds, plasticizers and many other synthetic chemical compounds.
• a "reactive substance” is in particular a substance which enters into a chemical and/or physical reaction with one or more micropollutants. This reaction can result in the formation of reaction products.
• a reactive substance is used in particular to remove micropollutants from the liquid
• the reactive substance or several reactive substances can have any aggregate state, such as solid, liquid and/or gaseous Micro-pollutants a flocculation and thus a aggregation of the micro-pollutants are caused.
• the reactive substances are preferably a dissolved and/or solid substance.
• the type of reactive substance such as oxidizing agent, adsorbent and/or ion exchanger, specifies the type of reaction of the reactive substance with the micropollutants and thus the way in which they are removed.
• the reaction of the reactive substances with the micropollutants can be, for example, an oxidation, adsorption, precipitation, coagulation, flocculation, ion exchange and/or a catalytic reaction.
• the reactive substance can also be a biogenic substance, for example enzymes produced by fungal and/or bacterial cultures or a biotechnological product.
• the "reaction space” is in particular a space in which the micropollutants react with the reactive substance or substances and/or are removed from the liquid.
• the reaction space is spatially delimited in particular by the first membrane and the second membrane Reactive space is connected to a connection for feeding the reactive substance into the reaction space and/or a connection for discharging the reactive substance from the reaction space or is spatially delimited by them.
• the reaction space thus represents in particular a type of container, with two container walls preferably passing through the first membrane and the second membrane are formed.
• a “membrane” is in particular a flat, partially permeable structure and thus has structures which are permeable to at least one component and/or substance of a liquid contacting the membrane and impermeable to other components and/or substances
• the membrane can be a porous or dense membrane. Membranes differ in particular in the pore size or molar mass of the largest components that can still pass, the separation principle, the selectivity, the filtration pressure and/or other properties.
• a membrane can in particular be a polymer and/or have ceramics,
• a “membrane module” (also called “module” for short) is understood to mean a membrane arrangement that is continuously subjected to and/or flowed through.
• a membrane module has at least one inlet or inlet for the liquid to be separated (“feed”) and an outlet and thus outlet for the components that have passed through and thus the treated liquid (“permeate”). Furthermore, the membrane module can also have an outlet for the retained components (“retentate” or “concentrate”).
• feed inlet or inlet for the liquid to be separated
• permeate the components that have passed through and thus the treated liquid
• the membrane module can also have an outlet for the retained components (“retentate” or “concentrate”).
• retentate retained components
• Essentially free of micropollutants is understood in particular to mean that the concentration of micropollutants in the treated liquid does not have to be very low, but does not have to be zero, but can, for example, also be above the detection limit of the analysis method used for the respective micropollutant.
• the outflowing, treated liquid cannot be completely free of micropollutants, for example, but only essentially free of micropollutants, because a small amount of micropollutants due to membrane slippage, membrane fouling, membrane aging and/or membrane destruction still pass through the membrane despite the membrane retention actually intended and are thus in of the liquid being treated.
• the second membrane has a smaller pore size than the first membrane such that the reactive substance can be retained in the reaction space.
• the loaded and / or used reactive substance remains within the reaction chamber, while the liquid to be treated flows through the first membrane into the reaction chamber and the cleaned, treated liquid flows out of the reaction chamber via the second membrane.
• the residence times of the liquid and the reactive substance in the device are decoupled.
• the type of the first membrane and the second membrane and thus the respective properties are selected depending on the properties of the micropollutants to be removed and the reactive substances used as well as the raw liquid quality.
• the first membrane preferably has a larger pore size than the second membrane and thereby essentially guarantees contact of the reactive substances particle-free raw liquid, so that the reactive substances in the reaction chamber react specifically with the micropollutants. Conversely, however, cases are also possible, in which the fine filtration must take place first, while the reactants provided for the reaction have a coarser structure and consequently only require a second membrane with larger pores.
• the pore size of the first membrane is preferably selected in such a way that the raw liquid flows into the reaction chamber at a pressure of approximately 2-8 bar.
• the second membrane has a smaller pore size than the first membrane, for example in the case of an ultrafiltration configuration, a pore size smaller than the diameter of the reactive substances, corresponding to a molecular mass of about 10-30 kDa. This prevents the reactive substances from escaping through the second membrane into the permeate and thus prevents a loss of the reactive substances, and due to the retention of the reactive substances in the reaction space, circulation and targeted regeneration are made possible.
• the "pore size" of the respective membrane means in particular the nominal pore size, which describes the maximum in the pore size distribution. However, the pore size in particular does not provide a defined statement about the retention capacity of the membrane ) of the membrane, which defines the minimum molecular mass of a regular molecule which is retained by the membrane to 90%.
• the pore size of the membrane can in particular be in a range from ⁇ 1 nm to ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
• the first membrane is on one side of the reaction chamber and the second membrane is on an opposite side of this Arranged side of the reaction chamber.
• the first membrane and/or the second membrane partially or completely cover a side and/or wall of the reaction space. It is particularly advantageous if the first membrane and the second membrane directly form walls, in particular opposite walls, of the reaction chamber, so that a simple structure and a compact size can be implemented.
• the connections for supplying and/or removing the reactive substance into and/or out of the reaction chamber can be arranged opposite one another on the other two walls of the reaction chamber, for example in the case of a rectangular reaction chamber.
• the first membrane and/or the second membrane can be held by appropriate carrier materials for a compact double-membrane structure and for forming the reaction space arranged between them.
• the reaction chamber can preferably have multiple layers, for example be formed using textile material or other open-pored, easily permeable materials.
• the device is set up in such a way that a flow direction of the reactive substances is essentially transverse to an inflow and/or outflow direction of the liquid through the first and/or second membrane.
• the inflow of the raw liquid through the first membrane and the outflow of the treated liquid through the second membrane on the opposite side to the first membrane can be in the same direction.
• the reactive substances flow in and out transversely to the inflow and outflow direction of the liquid through the membranes on the other two opposite sides of the rectangular reaction space.
• a suitable flow control and operating setting can prevent the reactive substances from flowing out into the raw liquid in the opposite direction to the inflow direction. It is particularly advantageous here if the diffusion flow of the reactive substances is smaller than the convection flow of the liquid to be treated.
• Essentially transverse is understood to mean in particular that a flow direction of the reactive substance is not necessarily aligned exactly at an angle of 90° to an inflow and/or outflow direction of the liquid through the first and/or second membrane, but The flow direction can also have an angle that is greater than or less than 90° to the inflow and/or outflow direction of the liquid.
• the first membrane and/or the second membrane is or are an immersed membrane, in particular a plate membrane, a wound membrane and/or a pressure tube membrane.
• the first membrane and the second membrane can be designed in any form, for example as a plate, cushion, tubular, capillary and/or wound membrane.
• a wound design can also be implemented.
• the first membrane and the second membrane designed as double membrane pockets, wound in a pressure pipe and/or pressure module.
• multi-stage membranes each consisting of the first membrane and the second membrane can be arranged in a tubular or capillary module design in a pressure module and/or pressure reactor.
• the first membrane and/or the second membrane is or are a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane and/or a nanofiltration membrane.
• a "microfiltration membrane” is in particular a membrane with a pore size of > 0.1 gm.
• a microfiltration membrane separates in particular a molecule size of > 500 kDa, such as bacteria, yeast and / or particles.
• a transmembrane -Pressure of ⁇ 2 bar used.
• An "ultrafiltration membrane” is in particular a membrane with a pore size in a range from 2 nm to 100 nm.
• An ultrafiltration membrane separates in particular a molecular mass in a range from 5 kDa to 5,000 kDa, such as macromolecules and/or proteins.
• a transmembrane pressure of 1 to 10 bar is used in particular.
• a "nanofiltration membrane” is specifically a membrane with a pore size in a range of 1 nm to 2 nm.
• a nanofiltration membrane specifically separates a molecular size of 0.1 kDa to 5 kDa, such as viruses and divalent ions.
• a transmembrane pressure in a range from 3 to 20 bar is used.
• reaction space is designed as a batch reactor and/or as a designed and/or operable to continuously flow through the reactor.
• reaction space is designed as a batch reactor, after the reaction space has been charged once with reactive substance via the connection, the reactive substance and the reaction products that are formed are then circulated through the reaction space for almost complete mixing, or the reaction space is completely mixed, for example by means of a stirrer mixed, so that the concentration of micropollutants and the reaction products formed change over time within the reaction space.
• the reaction space can be configured as a reactor with continuous flow, with a continuous inflow of reactive substance and outflow of reactive substance and/or reaction products formed, so that there are approximately constant concentrations over time.
• the reaction space has in particular two connections for supplying and removing the reactive substances and thus continuous flow through the reaction space. Consequently, with continuous flow, the consumed reactive substances can be continuously replaced and the reaction products formed can also be continuously removed and sent for regeneration and/or further processing.
• the device has a regenerating device for regenerating spent reactive substance or the device is assigned the regenerating device.
• a "regenerating device” is, in particular, a device by which the loaded and / or used reactive substance can be restored and / or reused after the reaction with the micropollutants.
• the regeneration device can, for example, restore the function of the reactive substance Irradiation, chemical oxidation, temperature change, an ion exchange and/or another chemical and/or physical reaction
• the loaded surface of the reactive substance is converted back into an unloaded surface, for example by desorption.
• the device has one or more reactive substances, wherein the reactive substance or several reactive substances is or are a dissolved, emulsified, dispersed, suspended and/or solid substance.
• the reactive substance or the reactive substances are an oxidation, absorption, precipitation, coagulant, flocculant, an ion exchanger, a catalyst and/or a biogenic substance.
• FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic representation of a basic principle of a membrane reactive device
• FIG. 2 shows a highly schematic sectional view of a section of an embodiment of the membrane reactive device
• FIG. 3 shows a highly schematic three-dimensional representation of a membrane reactive tube module reactor
• FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a tubular element of the membrane-reactive tubular module reactor from FIG. 3
• FIG. 5 shows a vertical section through a membrane-reactive parallel-plate module as a detail
• FIG. 6 shows a section through the membrane-reactive parallel plate module in plan view
• FIG. 7 shows a highly schematic cross section through a membrane reactive wound module in the unwound state
• FIG. 8 shows a highly schematic vertical sectional view of the membrane reactive wound module in the unwound state
• FIG. 9 shows a highly schematic cross section through an alternative membrane-reactive wound module in the unwound state
• FIG. 10 shows a highly schematic vertical sectional view of the alternative membrane-reactive wound module in the unwound state.
• a membrane reactive device 101 has a coarse-pored UF membrane 105 and a fine-pored UF membrane 107 .
• a reaction chamber 103 is formed between the coarse-pored UF membrane 105 and the fine-pored UF membrane 107 .
• a raw liquid flow 109 containing micropollutants 119 enters the reaction chamber 103 through the coarse-pored UF membrane 105 under a pressure difference of approx. 1 bar transmembrane pressure, with particulate substances not shown being retained by the coarse-pored UF membrane 105, so that a pre-filtered raw liquid 111 in Reaction space 103 is present.
• a pore size of the coarse-pored UF membrane 105 is such selected so that the micro-pollutants 119, which include drug residues, pass through the coarse-pored UF membrane 105 and enter the reaction chamber 103 (see FIG. 1).
• a flow direction 117 of reactive substances 115 is aligned transversely to the raw liquid flow 109, which were introduced into the reaction chamber 103 via a connection, not shown in Figure 1, and are circulated through the reaction chamber 103 in the flow direction 117 by a pump, not shown.
• the reactive substances 115 are the finest powdered activated carbon particles on which the micropollutants 119 adsorb. Due to the continuous flow of raw liquid 109, the liquid treated in the reaction chamber 103 is continuously pressed through the fine-pored UF membrane 107 under a pressure of approx -diaphragm 107 exits.
• the raw liquid flow 109 and the filtrate flow 113 are aligned in the same direction due to the oppositely arranged coarse-pored UF membrane 105 and the fine-pored UF membrane 107 of the reaction chamber 103, while the direction of flow 117 of the reactive substances 115 is aligned transversely to the raw water flow 109 and filtrate flow 113 .
• a membrane reactive device 201 is designed as a double membrane structure.
• the reaction chamber is designed as a first drainage 203 between the coarse-pored UF membrane 205 and the fine-pored UF membrane 207 .
• the raw liquid 211 which is pre-filtered in each case by means of the coarse-pored UF membrane 205, is circulated according to a flow direction 217 of the reactive substances through the first drainage 203 (reaction chamber) on both sides.
• FIG. 2 only shows a section of the membrane reactive device 201, so that the circuit connection for flow through the first drainage 203 on both sides is not shown in FIG.
• a feed chamber 221 with a first stirrer 223 and a second stirrer 225 is arranged on each raw liquid side of the coarse-pored UF membrane 205 .
• first stirrer 223 and the second stirrer 225 raw water in the feed space 221 optimally flows to the coarse-pored UF membrane 205 from the outside and particles retained by the coarse-pored UF membrane 205 in the feed space 221 cannot accumulate in front of the coarse-pored UF membrane 205 and lead to undesired caking of the particles.
• the raw liquid 211 pre-filtered through the coarse-pored UF membrane 205 enters the first drainage 203 (reaction chamber) and there comes into contact with the reactive substances (not shown), with the finest powdered activated carbon particles reacting as reactive substances with the micropollutants contained in the pre-filtered raw liquid.
• the loaded with the micropollutants reactive substances are according to the Flow direction 217 of the reactive substances in the circuit through the first drainage 203. Due to a transmembrane pressure of approx.
• the pre-filtered raw liquid 211 passes through this fine-pored UF membrane 207 into the second drainage 227 (permeate space) and leaves the second drainage on both sides as a permeate flow 213 Drainage 227.
• the fine-pored UF membrane 207 has a pore size corresponding to 15 kDa, so that the finest powdered activated carbon particles cannot pass through the fine-pored UF membrane 207 as reactive substances, but remain in the first drainage 203 and thus remain in the circuit.
• the membrane reactive device is designed as a membrane reactive tube module reactor 301.
• the membrane-reactive tubular module reactor 301 has a multiplicity of tubular membranes 306 on the inside (three tubular membranes 306 are shown only schematically in FIG. 3).
• Each tube membrane 306 has a tube 302 inside with a surrounding UF membrane 305 .
• the UF membrane 305 is surrounded by a UF drainage 303 which forms the reaction space.
• the UF drainage 303 is in turn surrounded by the LF membrane 307, which is closed off by the LF drainage 327 on the outside.
• raw water flows through each tubular membrane 306 from the inside to the outside.
• the tubes 302 are cast in a casting plane 335 of the UF.
• a second lower potting level 335 surrounds the tubes 302 in the lower part of the membrane reactive tubular module reactor 301.
• the pipe liquid exits the pipes 302 from the inside through the surrounding UF membrane 305 and thus comes as pre-filtered raw liquid 311 into a space which is formed by the underside of the potting level 335 of the UF and the top of an upper potting level 337 of the NF, and in of the UF drainage 303 in contact with the reactive substances, which are pumped into the membrane reactive tubular module reactor 301 via the inflow 331 . Due to the upper casting level 337 of the NF, the mixture of pre-filtered raw liquid 311 and the reactive substances can only flow in one flow direction 317 along a longitudinal direction of the UF drainage 303 and thereby react with one another.
• the reactive substances are retained by the NF membrane 307 and leave a space which is between a bottom of the lower potting level 335 of the UF and a top of a lower casting level 337 of the NF is formed, via an outlet 333 of the reactive substances, the membrane reactive tube module reactor 301.
• the raw liquid exits the membrane reactive tubular module reactor 301 via a feed outlet 310 on the underside after the lower casting level 335 of the UF.
• the pre-filtered raw liquid 311 is further filtered by means of the NF membrane 307 and a permeate formed enters through the NF drainage 327 into the permeate space 329 between the upper and lower casting level 337 of the NF and is discharged via a permeate flow 313 .
• the membrane reactive device is configured as a membrane reactive parallel plate module 401 (FIG. 5 shows two parallel plate modules lying one on top of the other).
• an NF drainage 427 is surrounded on the inside by a NF membrane 407 and the NF membrane 407 in turn by a UF drainage 403 as a reaction space and on the outside by the UF membrane 405, so that a plate module is formed, which is filled with raw liquid from the outside flows inwards.
• the NF membrane 407 is cast at the end in a casting plane 437 of the NF and the respective NF drainage 427 is connected to a permeate outlet 413 .
• the UF drainage 403 is connected to an inflow 431 of the reactive substances and the UF membrane 405 is cast at the end in a casting plane 435 of the UF.
• the individual plate modules are through
• Spacers 441 separated from each other, with between the Spacers 441 flow channels are formed for the feed inflow and outflow.
• the membrane-reactive parallel-plate module 401 has a casting ring 439 running around it (see FIG. 6), in which a feed inlet 409 and a feed outlet 410 are embedded.
• the inflow 431 of the reactive substances takes place at the end through pipes into the UF drainage 405 and the outflow 433 of the reactive substances likewise at the end in the area of the casting plane 435 due to a corresponding flow guidance along the respective plate membrane.
• a plurality of pipes for the permeate outflow 413 are arranged at the end opposite in the area of the casting plane 437 of the NF.
• the membrane filtration by means of the UF membrane 405, the reaction with the reactive substances in the UF drainage 403 and the further fine filtration by means of the NF membrane 407 take place in the same way as described above.
• the membrane reactive device is a membrane reactive pressure tube
• the membrane reactive pressure tube 501 has a perforated central tube 545 in the middle.
• the NF membrane 507 is in each case designed as a membrane pocket carried by an internal permeate spacer 543 , with each permeate spacer 543 being fluidically connected to the perforated central tube 545 .
• Each UF membrane 505 is also designed as a membrane pocket with an internal feed spacer 541 and is arranged evenly around the central tube 545 without contact. The flow through each UF membrane 505 is from the inside to the outside.
• a reaction chamber spacer 547 is arranged on both sides around each UF membrane 505 (see Figure 7).
• the pockets of the UF membranes 505 are cast on both sides in an upper encapsulation level 535 and a lower encapsulation level 537 and pierce the upper encapsulation level 535 upwards towards the feed inlet 509 and downwards towards the feed outlet 510, with the pockets of the UF membranes 505 resting on this both piercing sides are open.
• the pockets of the NF membranes 507 are closed all around and end for fixing in the upper encapsulation level 535 and the lower encapsulation level 537 (see FIG. 8).
• the raw water enters the membrane reactive pressure tube 501 through a feed supply 509, flows through the respective feed spacer 541 and is pre-filtered by UF membranes 505 .
• the pre-filtered raw water 511 comes into contact with the reactive substances, which are fed to the membrane reactive pressure pipe 501 via the inflow 531 and leave it again via the outflow 533.
• the reactive substances are retained by the NF membranes 507, while the permeate passes through the NF membranes 507 and through the permeate spacers 543 into the perforated central tube 545, from which the permeate via the permeate flow 513 on both sides of the central tube 545 the membrane reactive -Pressure pipe 501 exits.
• the two-stage filtration and the reaction with the reactive substances are carried out in the same way as described above.
• an NF membrane 607 is designed as a membrane pocket with internal permeate spacers 643 are also arranged directly on a perforated central tube 645.
• the membrane pocket of the NF membrane 607 is completely encased by a UF membrane 605 with reaction chamber spacers 647 in between (FIG. 9).
• the membrane pockets of the UF membranes 605 arranged on the outside are each separated from one another by feed spacers 641 arranged between them.
• the UF membrane 605 penetrates with the reaction chamber spacers 647 both an upper encapsulation level 635 and a lower encapsulation level 537 (FIG. 10). Accordingly, the UF membrane 605 is open on these sides above the upper encapsulation level 635 and below the lower encapsulation level 637, so that reactive substances can flow into the interior between the UF membrane 605 and the NF membrane 607 via the inflow 631 through the reaction chamber spacers 647 flow in and out via an outlet 633 for the reactive substances from the membrane reactive pressure tube 601 .
• the membrane pockets of the respective NF membrane 607 are sealed all around in the upper encapsulation level 635 and the lower encapsulation level 637 and are thus fixed.
• the raw water with micropollutants enters the membrane reactive pressure pipe 601 from the side via a feed supply 609 and hits the outside of the UF membrane 605.
• the respective UF membrane 605 flows through from the outside in and the pre-filtered Raw water is present in the space between the UF membrane 605 and the NF membrane 607 supported by the reaction space spacer 647 to which the reactive materials are supplied as described above.
• the permeate passes through the internal NF membrane 607 and is discharged via the permeate spacer 634 to the perforated central tube 645 and through this on both sides to the permeate flow 613, while the reactive substances loaded with micropollutants penetrate the membrane reactive -Leave the pressure pipe 601 via the drain 633.
• the two-stage filtration and the reaction with the reactive substances takes place analogously to that described above.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Nanotechnology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=77264882

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2020
  • 2020-07-21 DE DE102020119204.5A patent/DE102020119204A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2021
  • 2021-07-15 DE DE112021003904.0T patent/DE112021003904A5/de active Pending
  • 2021-07-15 US US18/017,148 patent/US20230264988A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-07-15 EP EP21751971.9A patent/EP4185400A1/de active Pending
  • 2021-07-15 CN CN202180059967.5A patent/CN116157192A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-07-15 WO PCT/DE2021/200094 patent/WO2022017568A1/de unknown

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events