EP4178911A1 - Hoch gefülltes trans-polyoktenamer-graphen-verbundmaterial, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung - Google Patents
Hoch gefülltes trans-polyoktenamer-graphen-verbundmaterial, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4178911A1 EP4178911A1 EP21847945.9A EP21847945A EP4178911A1 EP 4178911 A1 EP4178911 A1 EP 4178911A1 EP 21847945 A EP21847945 A EP 21847945A EP 4178911 A1 EP4178911 A1 EP 4178911A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- polyoctenamer
- trans
- graphene
- composite material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/194—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
- C08J3/21—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the polymer being premixed with a liquid phase
- C08J3/215—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the polymer being premixed with a liquid phase at least one additive being also premixed with a liquid phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
- C08G61/04—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms
- C08G61/06—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds
- C08G61/08—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes only aliphatic carbon atoms prepared by ring-opening of carbocyclic compounds of carbocyclic compounds containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
- C08G2261/41—Organometallic coupling reactions
- C08G2261/418—Ring opening metathesis polymerisation [ROMP]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2365/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing highly filled trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material, the highly-filled trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material itself and its use.
- each carbon atom in graphene is covalently linked to 3 neighboring atoms via a sigma bond.
- the C,C bond distance is 142 pm.
- the atoms are sp 2 hybridized, the sigma bonds are in one plane. Accordingly, graphene has a planar structure.
- a partially filled p z orbital remains on each atom. These p z orbitals are orthogonal to the bonding plane and form a delocalized pi-electron system, which largely determines the electronic properties of graphene.
- the unit cell consists of 2 carbon atoms at positions (0, 0) and (a/3, 2b/3) respectively.
- the atomic density is thus 38.2 nm 2 .
- graphene material means material or materials according to ISO/TS 80004-13, namely graphene
- Reduced graphene oxide and also carbon blacks, carbon nano-tubes, or a mixture of these materials.
- Graphene materials are used in a variety of technical fields.
- WO 2015/055252 A1 discloses vinylsilanes which can be used in rubber mixtures containing graphene materials, for example in the production of tires.
- Dust and bacteria repellent aqueous coating materials for glass doors are presented in CN 104342003 A.
- Graphene among other things, is used in the production of these coating materials.
- CN 105056879 A teaches how mechanical properties of asphalt can be improved by a composition containing polyester fibers and graphene.
- Graphene material is also used to prevent rot in building materials. According to the teaching of CN 108947394 A, modified graphene oxide is incorporated into Portland cement along with other materials.
- WO 2019/145307 A1 discloses polymeric compositions containing inorganic nanoparticles and their use in lubricants on metallic surfaces. Graphene, among other things, is used as a nanoparticle.
- Graphene materials are commercially available as powders and often have very low bulk densities, ranging somewhere between 2 and 400 g/l. In addition to the low bulk densities, most graphene materials also have poor pourability or develop a high dust content when poured. This leads to poor manageability, problems Weighing and dosing and must also be viewed critically from the point of view of environmental protection and occupational safety.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a method with which a material can be produced from polyoctenamers and a filler which has an adjustable, preferably high degree of filling with this filler.
- the invention relates to a method for producing trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material by carrying out the steps a - d: a) dissolving the trans-polyoctenamer in at least one organic solvent, a polymer solution of the trans-polyoctenamer being obtained, and then b) introducing graphene material into this polymer solution with inputs of power, a trans-polyoctenamer graphene reaction solution being obtained, and then c) precipitating this reaction solution in at least one further solvent, or removing the solvent or solvents used in step a by drying the reaction solution, a reaction product being obtained, and then d) drying the reaction product, the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material is obtained, or by carrying out steps e and f: e) subjecting trans-polyoctenamer to a ring-opening metathesis polymerization, and subsequently or simultaneously f) graphene material and at least one solvent and at least one catalyst
- the method according to the invention has the advantage of being very easy to carry out and thus achieving a composite material which is highly filled.
- no high shearing forces are required to produce the composite material. Nevertheless, extraordinarily high filling levels with high dispersion quality are achieved.
- the subject of the invention is also the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material, characterized by
- the result of the determination of the dust number is the mass of dust that the dust generation device releases from the sample with standard settings.
- the standard settings according to DIN 55992-1 are selected:
- the sample can be, for example, the graphene material used in step b or f, or the sample can be the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material produced according to the invention or according to the invention.
- the mass of dust released by the dust generation device from the weight with standard settings is related to the weight and given in % by weight.
- the degree of filling is determined gravimetrically within the scope of the invention by dissolving the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material according to the invention or produced according to the invention in toluene with stirring for 5 hours using a magnetic stirrer.
- the solution thus obtained is filtered through a Buchner funnel with a paper filter.
- the material retained on the paper filter comprises graphene material and residual solvent.
- This material is dried on the paper filter in an oven at 50°C under ambient air and normal pressure at 1013 hPa and weighed.
- the mass obtained and weighed in this way is related to the sum of the mass fractions of trans-polyoctenamer and graphene material and is the degree of filling given in % by weight.
- trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material according to the invention or produced according to the invention with the above-mentioned high degrees of filling has considerably more interesting technical applications open to it than mere waste material.
- the invention also relates to the use of the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material according to the invention or obtained according to the invention in the automotive sector, in heat exchangers, in housings, encapsulations, plain bearings, in 3D print heads for heat dissipation, injection molded components, electronic applications, hose systems, membranes, fuel cells, Cable systems, indoor and sports clothing, EM protection, orthopedics.
- trans-polyoctenamer is abbreviated to “TOR”.
- TOR trans-polyoctenamer
- a trade name for TOR is Vestenamer ® , available from Evonik Operations GmbH, Essen.
- the organic solvent can be selected from hexane, chlorobenzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane or a mixture of these solvents. Additionally or alternatively, the solution can be prepared by stirring for a period of time preferably from 0.1 to 1 hour.
- organic solvent with the simultaneous input of power. Furthermore, it is preferred to thermostat during the preparation of the polymer solution of the trans-polyoctenamer in step a by dissipating unwanted heat.
- organic solvents that are non-polar are suitable. Such solvents are known to those skilled in the art.
- step b breaks up the aggregates of the graphene material. Fragments obtained in this way are coated with the trans-polyoctenamer. Thus, the trans-polyoctenamer graphene reaction solution is obtained.
- step b of the method according to the invention can be advantageous, in step b of the method according to the invention, to incorporate the graphene material into the polymer dispersion using tools selected from ultrasound, bead mill, Dispermat, kneader, extruder, three-roll mill, Ultra Turrax, wet-jet mill, conching Apparatus, high-shear mixer, preferably high-speed mixer, high-speed mixer, thermomixer, or a combination of these aids, and/or with inputs of power in the form of thermal energy, microwave radiation, and/or infrared radiation, with this energy having a mass-specific power of 10 to 400 W/kg, the mass being the sum of polymer dispersion and graphene material, and the power being input for 0.1 to 99 hours, preferably for 0.1-6 hours, particularly preferably for 3 to 6 hours becomes.
- tools selected from ultrasound, bead mill, Dispermat, kneader, extruder, three-roll mill, Ultra Turrax, wet-jet mill, con
- power is understood within the scope of the invention to mean the sum of the powers of input energies.
- step b it can also be advantageous to dissipate unwanted thermal energy that arises depending on the initial state of the graphene material introduced.
- the graphene material can be in the form of a powder or pellet, for example. Appropriate measures for thermostatting are known to those skilled in the art.
- the proportion by weight of graphene material is preferably 99-1% by weight and the proportion by weight of trans-polyoctenamer is 1-99% by weight, the sum of the proportions by weight being 100% by weight.
- the reaction solution can be precipitated in a polar solvent, preferably using alcohol or water, more preferably using methanol or ethanol, most preferably using ethanol, and/or the organic solvent or solvents used in step a can be used under reduced pressure , preferably under vacuum.
- step a it is also preferred to allow the organic solvent used in step a to evaporate under ambient conditions (20°C, 1013 hPa). Furthermore, it can be advantageous to remove the organic solvent used in step a by means of freeze drying. Alternatively, liquid nitrogen or dry ice, preferably dry ice, can also be used. A cryomilling process can be used.
- the reaction product can be dried under vacuum or by means of spray drying or in ambient air or in a heated oven. This removes any remaining solvents.
- Desiccants are preferably silicic acids or silica.
- the solvent can be selected from benzene, hexane, heptane, octane, toluene, cyclohexane, methylcaclohexane, isopropylcyclohexane, paraffin oil, methyl chloride, trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, petroleum, cyclic olefin monomers, decalin, kerosene, desulfurized kerosene, or a mixture of these solvents. Cyclooctene, cyclooctadiene can be used with particular preference. Additionally or alternatively, the catalyst may be selected from tungsten catalyst, preferably Schrock catalyst, or ruthenium-based catalyst, preferably Grubbs-Hoveyda.
- steps e and f are carried out in the method according to the invention, after or during the implementation of the ring-opening metathesis polymerization, from 1 to 99% by weight of graphene material, particularly preferably from 50 to 90% by weight, very particularly preferably from 70 up to 90% by weight of graphene material are used, the proportions by weight being based on the product or product mixture obtained according to the ROMP and the graphene material, the sum of which is 100% by weight.
- Particular preference can be given to using such solvents in step f in which the solubility of the trans-polyoctenamer is used. Such solvents are known to those skilled in the art.
- Step f can be carried out in batches.
- the fine structure of the inventive trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material in feature D preferably occurs at wave numbers from 1300 to 2100 cnr 1 and from 3650 to 3900 cnr 1 , particularly preferably in the range from 1300 to 2100 cnr 1 .
- the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material according to the invention or produced according to the invention can preferably have a degree of filling of 15 to 99.9% by weight, more preferably from 15 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 99.9% by weight. , further preferably from 50 to 99.9% by weight, further preferably from 75.1 to 99.9% by weight, particularly preferably from 15 to 70% by weight.
- the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material according to the invention or produced according to the invention has a dust number in the range from 0.004 to 0.01% by weight with a filling level of 15 to 70% by weight.
- the IR absorption spectrum of the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material according to the invention or obtained according to the invention is based on the graphene material used in step b or f and based on the trans-polyoctenamer used in step a or e.
- the IR absorption spectrum of the composite material according to the invention or obtained according to the invention preferably has additional absorption bands in the range from 1500 to 1650 cnr 1 and/or in the range from 1700 to 1800 cnr 1 . Furthermore, the IR absorption spectrum of the composite material according to the invention or obtained according to the invention preferably has suppressed absorption bands in the range from 1000 to 1400 cnr 1 . This composite material particularly preferably has suppressed absorption bands in the range from 1000 to 1400 cnr -1 and additional absorption bands in the range from 1500 to 1650 cnr -1 and in the range from 1700 to 1800 cnr -1 .
- the invention also relates to the use of the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material according to the invention or obtained according to the invention
- Automotive sector in heat exchangers, in housings, encapsulations, plain bearings, in 3D print heads for heat dissipation, in injection molded components, electronic applications, hose systems, membranes, fuel cells, cable systems, indoor and sports clothing, for EM protection, in orthopedics.
- thermoplastics selected from standard thermoplastics, preferably PE, PP, PS, PVC, alpha-olefins, butadiene derivatives, in engineering thermoplastics, preferably PET, PMMA, PC, POM, PA, PC, PBT, PEBA , TPU, PU, TPE, in high-performance thermoplastics, preferably PPS, PEEK, PES, PI, PEI, in copolymers, elastomers, preferably silicones, more preferably RTV, HTV, LSR, HCR, acrylates, poly- and oligosiloxane-containing paste, in polyurethanes, rubbers, preferably SBR, BR, natural rubber, polybutadiene, functionalized polybutadienes, thermoplastic polyurethane, in duromers, preferably polyurethanes, polyester resins, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, acrylate resins, silicone resins, in solvents, preferably aprotic-nonpolar, a
- Example 1 Trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite of TOR and graphene nanoplatelets
- trans-polyoctenamer graphene composites were prepared by first dissolving trans-polyoctenamer in toluene.
- the example could also be carried out with hexane.
- the degree of filling of the composite material obtained according to the invention was then determined at the various weight fractions of TOR and graphene material by in each case placing the trans-polyoctenamer-graphene composite material in toluene with stirring 5 hours was dissolved using a magnetic stirrer. The solution obtained in each case was filtered through a Buchner funnel with a paper filter. The material retained on the paper filter comprised graphene material and residual solvent. This material was dried on the paper filter in an oven at 50°C under ambient air and normal pressure at 1013 hPa and weighed. The degree of filling was calculated from the percentage by weight of the mass obtained and weighed in this way to the sum of the mass fractions of trans-polyoctenamer and graphene material.
- Figure 2 shows the IR absorption spectra as a function of wavenumber for TOR in dotted line, the graphene material in dashed line and the composite material according to the invention in the case of the ratio TOR:graphene of 10:90 in solid line.
- Figure 3 shows the same IR absorption spectrum as Figure 2, but excluding the composite material of the invention in the case of the TOR:graphene ratio of 10:90, where the wavenumbers of the discrete fine structure in the ranges from 1382 to 1921 cnr 1 and 3650 to 3900 cnr 1 are emphasized.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21150690.2A EP4026800A1 (de) | 2021-01-08 | 2021-01-08 | Hoch gefülltes trans-polyoktenamer-graphen-verbundmaterial, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung |
| PCT/EP2021/087462 WO2022148669A1 (de) | 2021-01-08 | 2021-12-23 | Hoch gefülltes trans-polyoktenamer-graphen-verbundmaterial, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4178911A1 true EP4178911A1 (de) | 2023-05-17 |
Family
ID=74125079
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21150690.2A Withdrawn EP4026800A1 (de) | 2021-01-08 | 2021-01-08 | Hoch gefülltes trans-polyoktenamer-graphen-verbundmaterial, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung |
| EP21847945.9A Withdrawn EP4178911A1 (de) | 2021-01-08 | 2021-12-23 | Hoch gefülltes trans-polyoktenamer-graphen-verbundmaterial, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21150690.2A Withdrawn EP4026800A1 (de) | 2021-01-08 | 2021-01-08 | Hoch gefülltes trans-polyoktenamer-graphen-verbundmaterial, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und dessen verwendung |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240301147A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP4026800A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2024502176A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20230128118A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116648424A (de) |
| TW (1) | TW202243998A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022148669A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025252514A1 (en) | 2024-06-04 | 2025-12-11 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | High temperature-resistant phase-change thermal interface material based on polyoctenamer |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3057974B1 (de) | 2013-10-18 | 2017-12-06 | Trinseo Europe GmbH | Vinylsilane zur verwendung in funktionalisierten elastomerpolymeren |
| CN104342003A (zh) | 2014-10-14 | 2015-02-11 | 凤阳徽亨商贸有限公司 | 一种防尘杀菌型玻璃门用水性涂料及其制备方法 |
| CN105056879A (zh) | 2015-07-13 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽成方新材料科技有限公司 | 一种添加聚酯纤维的提高机械强度的复合球形活性炭及其制备方法 |
| EP3153227A1 (de) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-12 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyalkenameren für verpackungsanwendungen |
| CN107459717A (zh) | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-12 | 宁波艾克姆新材料有限公司 | 一种复合型石墨烯预分散母胶粒及其制备方法 |
| KR102587267B1 (ko) | 2018-01-23 | 2023-10-11 | 에보닉 오퍼레이션스 게엠베하 | 중합체-무기 나노입자 조성물, 이의 제조 방법 및 윤활제 첨가제로서의 이들의 용도 |
| CN108947394A (zh) | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽省宁国市宁星耐磨材料有限公司 | 一种氟硅自流平防污材料及其制备方法 |
| US11398653B2 (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2022-07-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Cure-in-place lightweight thermally-conductive interface |
| US11965336B2 (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2024-04-23 | Bmic Llc | Non-asphaltic coatings, non-asphaltic roofing materials, and methods of making thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-01-08 EP EP21150690.2A patent/EP4026800A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-12-23 JP JP2023541686A patent/JP2024502176A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-12-23 EP EP21847945.9A patent/EP4178911A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-12-23 CN CN202180089495.8A patent/CN116648424A/zh active Pending
- 2021-12-23 KR KR1020237026599A patent/KR20230128118A/ko active Pending
- 2021-12-23 WO PCT/EP2021/087462 patent/WO2022148669A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-23 US US18/260,570 patent/US20240301147A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-01-05 TW TW111100426A patent/TW202243998A/zh unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| SINGH BINEET BALIYAR ET AL: "Graphene sandwiched crumb rubber dispersed hot mix asphalt", JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (ENGLISH EDITION), vol. 7, no. 5, 1 October 2020 (2020-10-01), pages 652 - 667, XP055816465, ISSN: 2095-7564, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2019.02.003> DOI: 10.1016/j.jtte.2019.02.003 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4026800A1 (de) | 2022-07-13 |
| TW202243998A (zh) | 2022-11-16 |
| KR20230128118A (ko) | 2023-09-01 |
| WO2022148669A1 (de) | 2022-07-14 |
| US20240301147A1 (en) | 2024-09-12 |
| JP2024502176A (ja) | 2024-01-17 |
| CN116648424A (zh) | 2023-08-25 |
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