EP4165687A1 - Transistor - Google Patents
TransistorInfo
- Publication number
- EP4165687A1 EP4165687A1 EP21731158.8A EP21731158A EP4165687A1 EP 4165687 A1 EP4165687 A1 EP 4165687A1 EP 21731158 A EP21731158 A EP 21731158A EP 4165687 A1 EP4165687 A1 EP 4165687A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- layer
- electrode
- gate region
- gate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D30/015—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having heterojunction interface channels or heterojunction gate electrodes, e.g. HEMT
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/40—FETs having zero-dimensional [0D], one-dimensional [1D] or two-dimensional [2D] charge carrier gas channels
- H10D30/47—FETs having zero-dimensional [0D], one-dimensional [1D] or two-dimensional [2D] charge carrier gas channels having two-dimensional [2D] charge carrier gas channels, e.g. nanoribbon FETs or high electron mobility transistors [HEMT]
- H10D30/471—High electron mobility transistors [HEMT] or high hole mobility transistors [HHMT]
- H10D30/475—High electron mobility transistors [HEMT] or high hole mobility transistors [HHMT] having wider bandgap layer formed on top of lower bandgap active layer, e.g. undoped barrier HEMTs such as i-AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/17—Semiconductor regions connected to electrodes not carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. channel regions
- H10D62/213—Channel regions of field-effect devices
- H10D62/221—Channel regions of field-effect devices of FETs
- H10D62/235—Channel regions of field-effect devices of FETs of IGFETs
- H10D62/299—Channel regions of field-effect devices of FETs of IGFETs having lateral doping variations
- H10D62/307—Channel regions of field-effect devices of FETs of IGFETs having lateral doping variations the doping variations being parallel to the channel lengths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/85—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs
- H10D62/8503—Nitride Group III-V materials, e.g. AlN or GaN
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/23—Electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. sources, drains, anodes or cathodes
- H10D64/251—Source or drain electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/256—Source or drain electrodes for field-effect devices for lateral devices wherein the source or drain electrodes are recessed in semiconductor bodies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/27—Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
- H10D64/311—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/411—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
- H10D64/511—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs
- H10D64/512—Disposition of the gate electrodes, e.g. buried gates
- H10D64/513—Disposition of the gate electrodes, e.g. buried gates within recesses in the substrate, e.g. trench gates, groove gates or buried gates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/27—Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
- H10D64/311—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/411—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
- H10D64/511—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs
- H10D64/517—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs characterised by the conducting layers
- H10D64/518—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs characterised by the conducting layers characterised by their lengths or sectional shapes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/27—Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
- H10D64/311—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/411—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
- H10D64/511—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs
- H10D64/517—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs characterised by the conducting layers
- H10D64/519—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs characterised by the conducting layers characterised by their top-view geometrical layouts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W20/00—Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
- H10W20/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10W20/021—Manufacture or treatment of interconnections within wafers or substrates
Definitions
- the present description relates generally to electronic devices and, more particularly, high electron mobility transistors (High-Electron-Mobility Transistor - HEMT) normally blocked based on gallium nitride (GaN).
- High-Electron-Mobility Transistor - HEMT High-Electron-Mobility Transistor - HEMT
- GaN gallium nitride
- HEMT transistors based on gallium nitride are used, for example, in electrical energy conversion applications, for powers typically between a few milliwatts and several tens of watts. Such transistors generally have a high on-state resistance or a low threshold voltage, which is detrimental to their performance.
- One embodiment overcomes all or part of the drawbacks of existing normally blocked high electronic mobility transistors based on gallium nitride.
- One embodiment provides a transistor comprising a gate region penetrating inside a first layer of gallium nitride, in which a second electrically conductive layer coats at least one of the flanks of said gate region.
- the grid region comprises:
- the transistor further comprises a second electrode and a third electrode, located on either side of the gate region and penetrating inside the first layer, the second electrode being more close to the gate region as the third electrode.
- the second electrode is a source electrode forming part of a source region of the transistor.
- the third electrode is a drain electrode forming part of a drain region of the transistor.
- the second layer coats the side of the gate region located opposite the second electrode.
- the second layer is discontinuous and comprises:
- the first layer coats one face of a semiconductor substrate.
- the first layer has a multilayer structure comprising:
- a third sublayer coating the second sublayer, the gate region crossing the third and second sublayers and extending inside the first sublayer.
- the transistor further comprises, on the side of said face, a stack comprising:
- flanks of the gate region are, seen from the side, inclined towards the middle of the gate region at an angle of between 5 ° and 45 °, preferably equal to approximately 10 ° .
- the grid region has, in sectional view, at least one step.
- One embodiment provides a method of manufacturing a transistor as described.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of an example of a transistor
- Figure 2 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of an embodiment of a transistor
- Figure 3 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of a variant of the transistor of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of another embodiment of a transistor
- Figure 5 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of a variant of the transistor of Figure 4.
- Figure 6 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of another variant of the transistor of Figure
- Figure 7 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating a step of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing the transistor of Figure 4;
- Figure 8 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating another step of the mode of implementation of the manufacturing process of the transistor of Figure 4;
- Figure 9 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating yet another step of the embodiment of the method of manufacturing the transistor of Figure
- Figure 10 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating yet another step of the embodiment of the method of manufacturing the transistor of Figure
- Figure 11 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating a variant of the step set forth in relation to Figure 10;
- Figure 12 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating yet another step of the embodiment of the method of manufacturing the transistor of Figure Figure 13 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of yet another embodiment of a transistor;
- Figure 14 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating an electron density within the transistor of Figure 13 in one mode of operation;
- Figure 15 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating the current density inside the transistor of Figure 13 in another mode of operation;
- FIG. 16 is a graph of variation of a drain current as a function of a gate-source voltage of the transistor of FIG. 13;
- FIG. 17 is another graph of variation of the drain current as a function of the gate-source voltage of the transistor of FIG. 13.
- the expressions “approximately”, “approximately”, “substantially”, and “of the order of” mean within 10% or within 10 °, preferably within 5% or within 5 °.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of an example of high electronic mobility transistor 100 (High-Electron-Mobility Transistor - HEMT), or HEMT transistor.
- the HEMT transistor 100 is, in this example, normally off.
- the HEMT transistor 100 is formed on a substrate 102.
- the substrate 102 is, for example, a wafer or a piece of wafer, only part of which is shown in Figure 1.
- the substrate 102 is of a semiconductor material (eg, silicon), glass or sapphire.
- a first layer 104 (GaN) covers a face 102T of the substrate 102 (the upper face of the substrate 102, in the orientation of FIG. 1).
- the first layer 104 is made of gallium nitride (GaN), for example intrinsic gallium nitride (that is to say not intentionally doped).
- a second layer 106 coats the first layer 104 on the side of the face 102T of the substrate 102.
- the second layer 106 is made of aluminum-gallium nitride (AlGaN).
- a third layer 108 coats the second layer 106 on the side of the face 102T of the substrate 102.
- the third layer 108 is made of silicon nitride (SiN).
- the second layer 106 and the third layer 108 jointly form a stack 110.
- the transistor 100 includes a gate region 100G (Gâte).
- the gate region 100G of transistor 100 is said to be embedded (“recessed”) in the first layer 104 of gallium nitride. More precisely, in the example shown, the gate region 100G extends vertically, from the upper face of the third layer 108, towards the upper face 102T of the substrate 102.
- the gate region 100G of transistor 100 comprises a gate electrode 112G (TiN + W).
- the gate electrode 112G has, seen in section in FIG. 1, a "T" shape, a vertical portion of which passes through the layers 108 and 106 and partially penetrates the thickness of the layer 104.
- a horizontal portion of the T formed by the gate electrode 112G extends laterally above the third layer 108.
- the sides of the vertical portion of the T formed by the gate electrode 112G are inclined so that they approach one another at the bottom of the electrode 112G. This makes it possible, in operation, to facilitate the passage of electrons from one side to the other of the electrode 112G.
- the flanks of the vertical portion of the T formed by the gate electrode 112G are inclined advantageously makes it possible to prevent these flanks from forming a vertical stop against which the electrons would collide.
- the gate electrode 112G is made of an electrically conductive material.
- the electrode 112G is made of a metal or a metal alloy, for example an alloy based on titanium nitride (TiN) and tungsten (W).
- a fourth layer 114 isolates the gate electrode 112G relative to the layers 104, 106 and 108.
- the fourth layer 114 is made of an electrically insulating material.
- the fourth layer is alumina (AI2O3).
- the fourth insulating layer 114 covers the side faces and the underside of the vertical portion of the T formed by the electrode 112G. In addition, the fourth insulating layer 114 extends laterally on either side of the vertical portion and under the horizontal portion of the T formed by the electrode 112G. Layer 114 extends over and in contact with the top surface of third layer 108.
- the horizontal portion of the T formed by the electrode 112G extends over and in contact with portions of the layer 114. These portions of the layer 114 are thus interposed vertically between the third layer 108 and the horizontal portion of the T formed by the electrode 112G.
- the portion or portions of the fourth layer 114 which insulate the gate electrode 112G with respect to the layers 104, 106 and 108 are considered to be part of the gate region 100G of the transistor 100.
- the transistor 100 further comprises two other electrodes 112S and 112D.
- the electrodes 112S and 112D are located on either side of the gate region 100G of the transistor 100, that is to say on either side of the gate electrode 112G. In the example shown, electrode 112S is closer to gate region 100G than electrode 112D. For example :
- the electrode 112S is separated from the electrode 112G by a distance of between 1 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m, for example equal to 1 ⁇ m;
- the electrode 112D is separated from the electrode 112G by a distance of between 10 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m, for example equal to 10 ⁇ m, in order to ensure a voltage withstand ranging for example up to 1000 V (the maximum electric field in GaN is theoretically 2 MV / cm, but it is in practice limited for example to 1 MV / cm by the quality of the layer 104 of GaN).
- the electrodes 112S and 112D each extend vertically, from the upper face of the fourth insulating layer 114, towards the upper face 102T of the substrate 102. More specifically, in the example shown , the electrodes 112S and 112D each pass through the layers 114, 108 and 106 and partially penetrate the thickness of the layer 104, for example at the end of a thermal annealing making it possible to form a conductive alloy between the electrodes 112S, 112D and layer 106.
- the electrodes 112S and 112D are each made of an electrically conductive material, for example a metal or a metal alloy.
- the electrode 112S is a source electrode and the electrode 112D is a drain electrode.
- the electrode 112D being further from the electrode 112G than the electrode 112S, this makes it possible to apply a high potential, for example of the order of 650 V, to the electrode 112D without risking a breakdown of the transistor 100, the electrodes 112S and 112G being generally subjected to potentials of the order of a few volts.
- the electrodes 112S and 112D respectively form part of a source region 100S (Source) and a drain region 100D (Drain) of the transistor 100.
- a two-dimensional 2DEG electron gas is formed in the first layer 104 of gallium nitride, near the interface between the layer 104 and the second layer 106 of aluminum-gallium nitride .
- the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG is, in FIG. 1, represented by a dotted line.
- the electrodes 112S and 112D of the HEMT transistor 100 are each in contact with the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG.
- the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG is interrupted by the gate region 100G. More precisely, in this example, the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG is discontinuous and comprises two parts located on either side of the gate region 100G of the transistor 100 (to the left and to the right of the region 100G, in the orientation of figure 1).
- the gate region 100G embedded in the layer 104 of gallium nitride prevents a circulation of electrons between the source electrode 112S and the drain electrode 112D.
- the transistor 100 is then in a blocked state.
- the electrons circulate from one part to the other of the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG bypassing the gate region 100G. More precisely, when the transistor 100 is on and subjected to a bias voltage applied between its drain 100D and its source 100S, the electrons then borrow, to flow from one side of the gate 100G to the other, a conduction path located inside the first layer 104 and running along the interface between the layer 104 and the fourth layer 114.
- the arrow 116L symbolizes the path taken by the electrons to descend along a flank of the gate region 100G located opposite the source electrode 100S;
- the arrow 116B symbolizes the path taken by the electrons to move horizontally under the lower face of the vertical portion of the T formed by the grid region 100G;
- HEMT transistors similar to transistor 100 are those they have, in the on state, a high drain-source resistance Ron, which tends to degrade their electrical performance. This is in particular due to the conduction paths 116L, 116B, 116R which the electrons take to bypass the gate region 100G.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of an embodiment of a transistor 200 according to the invention. Like transistor 100 in Figure 1, transistor 200 is a normally blocked HEMT transistor.
- the transistor 200 of Figure 2 comprises elements common with the transistor 100 of Figure 1. These common elements will not be detailed again below.
- the transistor 200 of FIG. 2 differs from the transistor 100 of FIG. 1 mainly in that the transistor 200 comprises an electrically conductive layer 202 coating one of the flanks of the gate region 100G.
- the conductive layer 202 is symbolized, in FIG. 2, by a hatched area.
- the conductive layer 202 coats the side of the gate region 100G which is located opposite the electrode 100S, that is to say the electrode closest to the region 100G among the electrode 100S and the electrode 100D. More precisely, on the side of the electrode 100S, the layer 202 is interposed between:
- the conductive layer 202 extends laterally on and in contact with the upper surface of the layer 108, in the direction of the electrode 112S.
- Layer 202 is made of an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, a metal alloy or an N-type doped semiconductor.
- the layer 202 is made of aluminum (Al), gold (Au) , copper (Cu) or titanium nitride (TiN).
- the sides of the vertical portion of the T formed by the gate region 100G are, in the lower part, connected by a horizontal portion.
- the vertical portion of the T formed by the region 100G has, seen in section, a triangular or “V” shape.
- the sides of the vertical portion of the T formed by the grid region 100G are contiguous at the bottom.
- An advantage of the transistor 200 of Figure 2 over the transistor 100 of Figure 1 is that the conductive layer 202 reduces the resistance of the conduction path taken by the electrons between the electrode 100S and the electrode 100D. More precisely, the layer 202 makes it possible to reduce the resistance of the conduction path 116L (FIG. 1), opposite the electrode 112S.
- the electrons have, in fact, low mobility.
- the mobility of electrons in transistor 100 is of the order of 200 cm 2 / (Vs) along the conduction path 116L and about 2000 cm 2 / (Vs) in the electron gas two-dimensional 2DEG.
- the fact of providing the conductive layer 202 coating a flank of the gate region 100G of the transistor 200 makes it possible to obtain, along the conduction path 116L, an electronic mobility greater than that of the transistor 100 (FIG. 1), for example substantially equal to the mobility in the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG.
- the presence of the conductive layer 202 also makes it possible to eliminate or limit an electron trapping phenomenon in the gallium nitride. Indeed, the electrons circulating along the conduction paths 116L, 116B and 116R of the transistor 100 are liable to be partially trapped by defects present in the material of the first layer 104.
- the trapping of electrons causes, for example, a phenomenon of hysteresis on current curves Id of drain as a function of a voltage Vgs applied between the electrodes 112G and 112S (curves Id (Vgs)) and / or a attenuation (“collapse”) of the drain current Id after biasing the transistor 200 on the drain current curves Id as a function of a voltage Vds applied between the electrodes 112D and 112S (curves Id (Vds)).
- the electron trapping phenomenon is greatly reduced along the conduction path 116L (FIG. 1), because the electrons preferentially circulate in the conductive layer 202 and not in the layer 104.
- Figure 3 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of a variant of the transistor 200 of Figure 2 according to the invention.
- the first gallium nitride layer 104 of the transistor 200 comprises a P-type doped sublayer.
- the layer 104 has, for example, a multilayer structure comprising:
- first sub-layer 104a (GaN), coating the face 102T of substrate 102;
- a second sublayer 104b (PGaN), doped with P type, coating the first sublayer 104a;
- the first and third sublayers 104a and 104c are made of intrinsic gallium nitride (GaN), that is to say not intentionally doped.
- the second sublayer 104b, interposed vertically between the sublayers 104a and 104c, is made of P-type doped gallium nitride.
- the gate region 100G of transistor 100 passes through the third and second sublayers 104c and 104b, and can partially penetrate into the thickness of the first sublayer 104a. In other words, the gate region 100G can extend vertically inside the first sublayer 104a.
- An advantage of the variant explained in relation to FIG. 3 lies in the fact that the threshold voltage Vth of transistor 200 can be adjusted by modifying a doping rate of the second sublayer 104b. More precisely, the threshold voltage Vth of the transistor 200 of FIG. 3 is all the greater the higher the doping rate of the second sublayer 104b.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of another embodiment of a transistor 400 according to the invention.
- the transistor 400 of FIG. 4 comprises elements common with the transistor 200 of FIG. 2. These common elements will not be detailed again below.
- the transistor 400 of Figure 4 differs from the transistor 200 of Figure 2 mainly in that the conductive layer 202 of the transistor 400 covers both sides of the 100G grid region. More precisely, according to this embodiment, the second layer 202 of transistor 400 is discontinuous and comprises:
- a second portion 202R covering the flank of the gate region 100G which is situated opposite the electrode 112D (on the right, in the orientation of FIG. 4).
- the two portions 202L and 202R of the conductive layer 202 are represented in FIG. 4 by hatched areas located on either side of the vertical portion of the T formed by the gate electrode 112G.
- the portion 202L of the conductive layer 202 advantageously makes it possible to reduce the resistance of the conduction path 116L (FIG. 1).
- the portion 202R of the conductive layer 202 advantageously makes it possible to reduce the resistance of the conduction path 116R (FIG. 1).
- This allows the transistor 400 to have a resistance Ron in the on state even lower than that of the transistor 200 exposed in relation to FIG. 2.
- the electrical performance of the transistor 400 is thus further improved compared to the transistor 100 (FIG. 1). ).
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of a variant of the transistor 400 of Figure 4 according to the invention.
- the grid region 100G has, seen in section in FIG. 5, at least one step 502. More precisely, in the example shown, the vertical portion of the T formed by the grid electrode 112G has , on each of its side faces, a shoulder. Similarly, the insulating layer 114 and the portions 202L and 202R of the conductive layer 202 each have a shoulder similar to those of the gate electrode 112G.
- the shoulders are located approximately at the level of the layer 106 of aluminum-gallium nitride. Compared to the transistor 400 of FIG. 4, this allows a smoothing of an electric field resulting from a polarization of the drain electrode 112D with respect to the gate electrode 112G. In other words, the step 502 plays a role analogous to that of a field plate.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of another variant of the transistor 400 of FIG.
- the step 502 is located in the thickness of the first layer 104 of gallium nitride.
- the conductive layer 202 ( Figures 2 and 3) or the portion 202L ( Figures 4 to 6) of the conductive layer 202 located on the side of the source electrode 112S of the transistor 200, 400 is connected to the source electrode 112S.
- the layer 202 or the portion 202L extends more precisely on and in contact with the upper face of the layer 108, up to the electrode 112S.
- the layer 202 or the portion 202L located on the electrode 112S side thus has, in the vicinity of the bottom of the electrode 112G, a potential substantially equal to that of the source electrode 112S, for example ground (0 V).
- an advantage of the variant embodiment of the transistors 200, 400 described above is that the conductive layer 202, or the portion 202L of the layer 202, extends from the source electrode 112S to the vicinity of the bottom of the gate electrode 112G. This allows electrons to flow more easily between the source electrode 112S and the bottom of the electrode 112G. Due to the fact that the conductive layer 202 or the portion 202L extends as far as the electrode 112S, a more favorable conduction path is obtained in particular than that passing through the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG located in the layer 104, 104c in gallium nitride.
- FIGS. 7 to 12 below illustrate successive steps of an example of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing the transistor 400 of FIG. 4 according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating a step of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing the transistor 400 of FIG. 4.
- the first layer 104 GaN
- the second layer 106 AlGaN
- the third layer 108 SiN
- the first layer 104 extends continuously and over the entire upper surface 102T of the substrate 102;
- the second layer 106 extends continuously and over the entire upper surface of the first layer 104;
- the third layer 108 extends continuously and over the entire upper surface of the second layer 106.
- the layers 104, 106 and 108 are, for example, produced by epitaxy. Although this is not shown in FIG. 7, an intermediate layer of aluminum nitride (AIN) can be interposed between the layers 104 and 106. This makes it possible in particular to promote the epitaxy of the layer 106 of aluminum nitride. gallium on the gallium nitride layer 104.
- AIN aluminum nitride
- the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG extends laterally and continuously in the first layer 104, under the interface between the layers 104 and 106.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating another step of the mode of implementation of the method of manufacturing the transistor 400 of FIG. 4.
- a trench 802 extending vertically from an upper face 108T of the layer 108 is etched. More precisely, in the example shown, the trench 802 passes through the layers 108 and 106 of the stack. 110 and partially penetrates the thickness of the layer 104.
- the trench 802 is, for example, produced by etching of atomic layers (“Atomic Layer Etching” - ALE in English).
- the trench 802 has, in sectional view in FIG. 8, walls side 802L and 802R oblique. More precisely, the trench 802 is etched so that its side walls 802L and 802R each form an angle with respect to a normal to the upper surface 108T of the layer 108.
- the angle formed by the walls 802L and 802R is between 5 ° and 45 °, preferably equal to about 10 °.
- the side walls 802L and 802R are inclined so that the trench 802 has, seen in section in FIG. 8, a flared profile. More precisely, it is ensured that the trench has an opening (at the top, in the orientation of FIG. 8) that is wider than its bottom 802B (at the bottom, in the orientation of FIG. 8).
- the side walls 802L and 802R of the trench 802 constitute the flanks of the gate region 100G of the transistor 400 (FIG. 4). More precisely :
- the wall 802L constitutes the flank of the gate region 100G situated opposite the electrode 112S (FIG. 4);
- the wall 802R constitutes the flank of the gate region 100G situated opposite the electrode 112D (FIG. 4).
- the trench 802 has:
- the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG is discontinuous. More precisely, the trench 802 separates the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG into two parts located on either side of the trench 802.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating yet another step of the mode of implementation of the method of manufacturing the transistor 400 of FIG. 4.
- the side walls 802L and 802R and the bottom 802B of the trench 802 are coated with the conductive layer 202.
- the layer 202 extends laterally, on both sides. another of the trench 802, on and in contact with the upper surface 108T of the layer 108.
- Layer 202 is, for example, produced by a conformal deposition technique, for example by chemical vapor deposition ("Chemical Vapor Deposition" - CVD).
- the material constituting the layer 202 is, for example, chosen so as to obtain a low mismatch of lattice parameter with respect to the material of the layer 104. The presence of crystalline defects at the interface between them is thus avoided or limited. layers 104 and 202, these defects being liable to form trap states for the electrons.
- the layer 202 has a thickness of between 5 nm and 20 nm, for example equal to approximately 10 nm.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating yet another step of the mode of implementation of the method of manufacturing the transistor 400 of FIG. 4.
- the layer 202 is etched so as to keep only the portions 202L and 202R of the layer 202 which respectively cover the side walls 802L and 802R of the trench 802. In the example shown, it is removed. the portion of the layer 202 covering the bottom 802B of the trench 802 and the majority of the portions of the layer 202 which cover the upper face 108T of the layer 108.
- portions of the layer 202 coating the upper surface 108T of the layer 108 can be kept on either side of the opening of the trench 802.
- the portions 202L and 202R of the layer 202 are preferably obtained by a wet etching process. This makes it possible in particular to obtain a good roughness at the level of the bottom 802B of the trench 802. The resistance Ron in the on state of the transistor 400 is thus reduced (FIG. 4).
- the wet etching is preceded by a dry etching step, for example by plasma.
- the wet etching allows an improvement in the surface condition, obtained at the end of the dry etching step, of the bottom 802B of the trench 802.
- the aim is to obtain ohmic contact between the portions 202L, 202R of the layer 202 and the two-dimensional electron gas 2DEG. This makes it possible in particular to avoid the appearance of a voltage drop at the level of the interface between the gallium nitride of layer 104 and the material of layer 202.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating a variant of the step set out in relation to FIG. 10.
- the conductive layer 202 is etched so that the portions 202L and 202R partially cover the bottom 802B of the trench 802.
- the portion 202L of the layer 202 extends over and in contact. with the bottom 802B of the trench 802.
- the portion 202R of the layer 202 extends over and in contact with the bottom 802B of the trench 802.
- the portions 202L and 202R of layer 202 remain disjoint. In general, it is ensured that the portions 202L and 202R of the layer 202 are separated by a distance D sufficient to avoid any risk of breakdown due to the polarization of the drain electrode 112D (FIG. 4) of the transistor drain. 400.
- the distance D is greater than about 100 nm
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating yet another step of the mode of implementation of the method of manufacturing the transistor 400 of the FIG. 4 from the structure obtained at the end of the step described in relation to FIG. 10.
- the upper face of the structure obtained at the end of the step described in relation to FIG. 10 is coated with the insulating layer 114. More precisely, in the example shown, the layer 114 coats:
- the insulating layer 114 is, for example, made of alumina
- a deposition of an aluminum nitride (AIN) layer can precede the deposition of the layer 114. This allows, for example, a better adaptation of the mesh parameter between the layers. . This reduces the number of faults likely to be present at the interface.
- Layer 114 is preferably produced by a conformal deposition technique. This allows a uniform layer 114 to be obtained. This advantageously results in a more uniform capacitive coupling thus making it possible to avoid the presence of field peaks.
- the electrodes 112S, 112G and 112D are then produced in order to obtain the transistor 400 exposed in relation to FIG. 4.
- the electrodes 112S , 112G and 112D are obtained by deposition then local etching of a metal layer (not shown) coating the upper surface of the insulating layer 114.
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, of yet another embodiment of a transistor 1300 according to the invention.
- the transistor 1300 of FIG. 13 comprises elements common with the transistor 400 of FIG. 4. These common elements will not be detailed again below.
- the transistor 1300 of FIG. 13 differs from the transistor 400 of FIG. 4 mainly in that the portions 202L and 202R of the layer 202 of the transistor 1300 are vertical, and not oblique as in the case of the transistor 400.
- the gate electrode 112G of transistor 1300 is surmounted by a field plate 1302.
- the field plate 1302 of the transistor 1300 covers the upper face of the gate electrode 112G and extends laterally. on and in contact with the upper surface of the stack 110.
- the field plate 1302 is, for example, made of silica (S1O2).
- the transistor 1300 has, on either side of the gate region 100G, electrodes similar to the electrodes 112S and 112D of the transistor 400 of FIG. 4.
- Figure 14 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating an electron density within of the transistor 1300 of FIG. 13 in one mode of operation.
- the transistor 1300 is assumed to be off.
- this corresponds to a situation in which: a voltage Vds equal to approximately 650 V is applied between the drain electrode (not shown) and the source electrode (not shown) of transistor 1300; and a substantially zero voltage Vgs is applied between the gate electrode 112G and the source electrode (not shown) of transistor 1300.
- an area 1402 of high Electron density forms near the lower end of the portion 202R of the conductive layer 202.
- the area 1402 is due to an electric field attracting electrons to the side of the drain electrode 112D.
- the electron density reaches about 1.5 c 10 18 electrons per cubic centimeter in the zone 1402 while it is substantially zero in the other parts of the transistor 1300 shown in figure 14.
- the zone 1402 is not sufficiently extended laterally for a breakdown to occur between the drain electrode (not shown) and the portion 202R of the conductive layer 202. In other words, the presence of the portion 202R of the conductive layer 202 does not interfere with the off-state operation of the transistor 1300.
- Figure 15 is a sectional view, schematic and partial, illustrating the current density inside the transistor 1300 of Figure 13 in another mode of operation.
- the transistor 1300 is assumed to be on. By way of example, this corresponds to a situation in which: the voltage Vds is equal to approximately 0.5 V; and the voltage Vgs is equal to about 6 V.
- a zone 1502 of high current density forms under the gate region 100G of transistor 1300.
- the current density reaches approximately 8 c 10 5 amperes per square centimeter in zone 1502 while it is substantially zero in the other parts of transistor 1300 shown in FIG. 15.
- FIG. 16 is a graph of variation of a drain current Id (on the ordinate), as a function of the gate-source voltage Vgs (on the abscissa), of the transistor 1300 of FIG. 13.
- the current Id is expressed in amps per millimeter (A / mm), on a linear scale, and the voltage Vgs is expressed in volts (V).
- FIG. 16 illustrates, more precisely, the variation of the drain current Id as a function of the gate-source voltage Vgs for portions 202L and 202R of the conductive layer 202 (FIG. 13) based on:
- the current Id is substantially zero for voltage values Vgs less than 2 V and increases progressively: from approximately 2.1 V for the curves 1602 and 1604; and from around 2.8 V for the 1606 curve.
- transistor 1300 has a threshold voltage Vth: equal to approximately 2.1 V if its conductive layer 202 consists of copper or aluminum; and equal to about 2.8 V if its conductive layer 202 is made of a metal having an output work of 8 eV.
- the fact of choosing a layer material 202 having a high output work makes it possible to increase the threshold voltage Vth of the transistor 1300.
- a threshold voltage Vth of about 1 V that is to say an associated curve Id (Vgs) located to the left of curves 1602, 1604 and 1606 in the orientation of FIG. 16.
- the presence of the conductive layer 202 allows the transistor 1300 to reconcile a low resistance Ron in the on state and a threshold voltage Vth greater than 1.5 V, for example greater than 2 V.
- FIG. 17 is another graph of variation of the drain current Id (on the ordinate), as a function of the gate-source voltage Vgs (on the abscissa), of the transistor 1300 of FIG. 13.
- the current Id is expressed in amps per millimeter (A / mm), on a semi-logarithmic scale, and the voltage Vgs is expressed in volts (V).
- the drain current Id remains low, for example less than 1 c 10 10 amps / mm as long as the gate-source voltage Vgs is lower than the threshold voltage Vth. In other words, this confirms that the presence of the portions 202L and 202R of the conductive layer 202 does not adversely affect the operation of the transistor 1300 in the off state, in which it is sought to obtain the lowest possible current Id.
- An advantage of the embodiments and embodiments detailed above lies in the fact that the inclined sides of the vertical portion of the T formed by the gate electrode 112G make it possible to improve the electrical performance of the devices described. .
- the uniformity of the layer 114 further improves this performance even further.
- the person skilled in the art is, moreover, capable of adapting the mode of implementation of the method described in relation to FIGS. 7 to 12 in order to obtain the different modes of embodiment and variants described above.
- the person skilled in the art is in particular capable of adapting this method to the production of the variant in which the conductive layer 202 or the portion 202L contacts the source electrode 112S of the transistor 200, 400.
Landscapes
- Junction Field-Effect Transistors (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Insulated Gate Type Field-Effect Transistor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2006259A FR3111473B1 (fr) | 2020-06-16 | 2020-06-16 | Transistor |
| PCT/EP2021/065479 WO2021254850A1 (fr) | 2020-06-16 | 2021-06-09 | Transistor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4165687A1 true EP4165687A1 (fr) | 2023-04-19 |
Family
ID=73401585
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21731158.8A Pending EP4165687A1 (fr) | 2020-06-16 | 2021-06-09 | Transistor |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230231032A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4165687A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3111473B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021254850A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6200227B2 (ja) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-09-20 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| JP6507983B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-09 | 2019-05-08 | 株式会社デンソー | 窒化物半導体装置 |
| ITUB20155862A1 (it) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-24 | St Microelectronics Srl | Transistore di tipo normalmente spento con ridotta resistenza in stato acceso e relativo metodo di fabbricazione |
| US10756207B2 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-08-25 | Transphorm Technology, Inc. | Lateral III-nitride devices including a vertical gate module |
| CN111223933A (zh) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-02 | 北京大学 | 一种提高GaN增强型MOSFET阈值电压的新型外延层结构 |
| US11380677B2 (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-07-05 | Globalfoundries Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Transistor devices and methods of forming a transistor device |
-
2020
- 2020-06-16 FR FR2006259A patent/FR3111473B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-06-09 EP EP21731158.8A patent/EP4165687A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-06-09 US US18/010,443 patent/US20230231032A1/en active Pending
- 2021-06-09 WO PCT/EP2021/065479 patent/WO2021254850A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021254850A1 (fr) | 2021-12-23 |
| FR3111473B1 (fr) | 2022-11-11 |
| FR3111473A1 (fr) | 2021-12-17 |
| US20230231032A1 (en) | 2023-07-20 |
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