EP4136293A1

EP4136293A1 - Formwork device having a deviation-measuring device

Info

Publication number: EP4136293A1
Application number: EP21718116.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jean-Michel DUMAY; Arnaud RESIDANT
Original assignee: Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Current assignee: Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Priority date: 2020-04-14
Filing date: 2021-04-12
Publication date: 2023-02-22
Also published as: WO2021209392A1; US20230175224A1; FR3109163A1; FR3109163B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a formwork device (10) for a moulded wall panel end, the formwork device extending in a longitudinal direction (A) and comprising at least one first formwork element (20) which comprises a footing (22) extending in the longitudinal direction (A) and having an external surface (24); a casing (28) interacting with the footing and extending in the longitudinal direction; at least one measuring device (40) for determining at least one first deviation parameter (d1) representative of the deviation of the footing (22) relative to a first vertical plane (P1); and a signal transmission device (50) connected to the measuring device (40) for transmitting the first deviation parameter (α, d1) to a receiving station (60) located at the surface.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Title: Formwork device fitted with a deviation measuring device

Technical area

The present invention relates to the field of the manufacture of diaphragm walls in a floor. It relates more precisely to formwork techniques relating to the junction of two adjacent wall elements.

Prior Technique

The junction between two adjacent wall elements, which traditionally have the form of panels, is generally made using two techniques. According to a first technique, a first trench is excavated in the ground, which is then filled with concrete and, after hardening of the first panel, a second adjacent trench is excavated by rewinding the first panel. The second trench is then filled with concrete. To improve the seal between the two adjacent panels, another technique is known which consists in placing a vertical seal between the two panels.

After having drilled a first trench, a provisional formwork element is placed in the first trench, the formwork element comprising a seal carrier provided with a vertical seal. According to this technique, the first trench is then filled with concrete to form the first panel and, after the first panel has hardened, a second trench is excavated adjacent to the first trench and the seal carrier is removed from the formwork element. , leaving in place the seal which is then integral with the first panel while extending into the second trench. This second trench is then filled with concrete to form the second panel. After the concrete has hardened, the seal, in engagement with the first and second panels, provides the seal between these two panels. This process is repeated step by step until the complete wall is obtained. The formwork element is generally placed in the trench so as to be disposed against one of the two smaller walls of the trench.

The inventors have found that, in some cases, the formwork element is difficult to remove from the ground because it is sometimes caught in the concrete. When the formwork element is not correctly positioned against the trench wall, the concrete can in fact bypass the formwork element during concreting so that, after hardening, the formwork element is caught in the cement. . Such a phenomenon can also appear if the ground on which the formwork element rests has asperities, causing the formwork to detach during concreting.

A removal operation under these conditions is time consuming and increases the manufacturing time of the diaphragm wall.

Disclosure of the invention

An object of the invention is to provide a formwork device making it possible to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

The invention achieves its object by the fact that it relates to a formwork device for one end of a diaphragm wall panel, said formwork device extending in a longitudinal direction and comprising at least a first formwork element which comprises: a sole extending in the longitudinal direction and having an outer face a, a box cooperating with the sole and extending in the longitudinal direction; at least one measuring device making it possible to determine at least a first deviation parameter representative of the deviation of the sole with respect to a first vertical plane; and a signal transmission device connected to the measuring device for transmitting the first deviation parameter to a receiving station located on the surface.

The outer face of the sole is intended to bear against one of the walls of the trench, and more particularly one of the smallest vertical walls of the trench. The outer face is preferably flat. In use, the longitudinal direction is ideally substantially vertical.

According to a preferred embodiment, considered along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, the box has a cross section of substantially trapezoidal shape. It is understood that the first formwork element leaves an imprint in the end of the diaphragm wall panel which is of complementary shape to that of the box. Preferably, but not necessarily, the sole also has an internal face carrying the box.

It is also understood that the formwork device can comprise a single first formwork element according to the invention, fixed to other traditional formwork elements without a measuring device. In this case, the first formwork element is preferably, but not necessarily, located at the foot of the formwork device. According to other variants, the formwork device comprises several formwork elements similar to the first formwork element according to the invention comprising a measuring device.

According to the invention, the measuring device makes it possible to measure the possible deviation of the sole with respect to a first vertical plane. This deviation can be an angular value or else a distance measured from the first vertical plane.

The first vertical plane is preferably substantially parallel to the smallest wall against which the first formwork element is placed before the concreting of the trench.

It will be understood that if a deviation of the sole from said first vertical plane is identified, this implies that the outer face of the sole is locally distant from the wall of the trench against which it should rest, which has the effect of form a gap in which the concrete is likely to engage during pouring. As explained above, without further intervention, the formwork element risks being caught between the hardened concrete of the trench and the hardened concrete having engaged between the outer face and the wall of the trench.

The invention therefore makes it possible to identify the formation of such a gap in order, where appropriate, to act on the first formwork element in order to eliminate, or at the very least significantly reduce, the deviation and therefore the gap. The function of the signal transmission device is to transmit the data relating to the possible deviation to the receiving station. The latter preferably includes a computer and a display screen making it possible to inform the operator of any deviation of the first formwork element from the vertical. The operator can then decide to act on the first formwork element in order to correct its orientation, for example by acting on the support means generally used for the installation of a formwork element in a vertical trench. excavated in the ground.

Advantageously, the measuring device is fixed to the box. It is preferably placed at least in part in the box. This configuration makes it possible to integrate the measuring device into the first formwork element without hindering the positioning of the external face of the sole against the wall of the trench. According to an exemplary embodiment, the measuring device is fixed in a longitudinal tube which is itself fixed in the box.

According to one embodiment, the box has an opening in which the measuring device is inserted. One advantage is to be able to quickly access the measuring device in order to facilitate any maintenance operations on the measuring device.

Preferably, the box comprises: a central part provided with a seal carrier and extending in the longitudinal direction, and at least one lateral part connecting the central part to the sole, the opening being made in the lateral part.

This configuration makes it possible to integrate the measuring device into the first formwork element so that it does not interfere with the release of the seal when the formwork element is withdrawn from the ground.

According to a preferred embodiment, the measuring device comprises at least one inclinometer. The inclinometer preferably comprises a measuring module having substantially the same dimensions as the opening. The measurement module can therefore easily be integrated into the opening, in particular if it is pre-existing. The inclinometer is preferably, but not necessarily, of the bi-axis type.

To allow the transmission of signals on the surface, the signal transmission device advantageously comprises a cable connected to the measuring device. This cable preferably extends inside the box. Alternatively, the transmission device could include a wireless transmission module. As a variant, the transmission device could be placed outside the box.

Advantageously, the measuring device is arranged at a longitudinal end portion of the first formwork element. Preferably, the measuring device is arranged in the lower part of the box, considered in the longitudinal direction. The cable leaves the box preferably through its upper end.

According to a preferred embodiment, the formwork device according to the invention further comprises a second formwork element fixed to the first formwork element, the second formwork element comprising: a sole, extending in the longitudinal direction and having a external face; a box cooperating with the sole and extending in the longitudinal direction; at least one measuring device making it possible to determine a second deviation parameter representative of the deviation of the flange of the second formwork element with respect to the first vertical plane; and a signal transmission device connected to the measuring device of the second formwork element for transmitting the second deviation parameter to the receiving station.

The first and second formwork elements are fixed to one another in continuity with one another. This assembly makes it possible to form formwork devices of great length, necessary to produce panels of great depth. This assembly is preferably carried out on site, before the introduction of the shuttering device into the previously excavated trench, for example using a hydrofill. Even more preferably, the sole of the second formwork element has an internal face carrying the box.

Advantageously, the signal transmission device of the first formwork element extends inside the box of the second formwork element. It is understood that the second formwork element is, in use, disposed above the first formwork element. According to a preferred embodiment, the cable of the measuring device of the first formwork element extends through the box of the second formwork element, as does the cable connected to the measuring device of the first formwork element.

Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the signal transmission devices could also be placed outside the boxes.

The formwork device according to the invention can naturally comprise a number of formwork elements greater than two. In this case, the cable of the measuring device of a lower formwork element extends to the station, extending inside the boxes of the upper formwork elements.

According to a second particularly advantageous embodiment, the measuring device is movable relative to the box in the longitudinal direction. Preferably, the measuring device is slidably mounted relative to the box.

This embodiment makes it possible to place the measuring device at several depths and, consequently, to carry out deviation measurements at several depths. The invention therefore makes it possible to determine a deflection profile of the formwork device.

When the formwork device comprises several formwork elements connected to each other, it is possible to use a single measuring device which is movable longitudinally in each of the successive formwork elements. The invention then makes it possible, thanks to the plurality of measurements, to precisely characterize the possible deviation of the formwork device with respect to the vertical plane.

Preferably, the measuring device is movable in the box. Preferably, the measuring device is slidably mounted in the box.

Advantageously, the first formwork element comprises a guide tube extending in the longitudinal direction, the measuring device being connected to a displacement device to be moved inside the guide tube in the longitudinal direction.

Preferably, the guide tube is arranged in the box.

Advantageously, the formwork device according to the second embodiment further comprises a second formwork element fixed to the first formwork element, the second formwork element comprising: a flange extending in the longitudinal direction and having an outer face; a box cooperating with the sole and extending in the longitudinal direction; in which the measuring device is mounted to move relative to the box of the second formwork element in the longitudinal direction.

The measuring device is therefore mobile in each of the boxes of the formwork device.

When it is present, the guide tube therefore extends into the boxes of the first and second formwork elements.

In this second embodiment, preferentially but not necessarily, the sole has an internal face which carries the box. Advantageously, the first measured parameter is a deviation angle between the longitudinal direction and the first vertical plane, a deviation angle between a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the first vertical plane, or else a distance taken between the first vertical plane and the external face of the sole, considered in projection in a horizontal plane.

Preferably, the angle of deflection is determined in a plane perpendicular to the wall of the trench against which the sole must bear. As explained above, it is most often one of the two smaller vertical walls of the trench. When the trench is rectilinear, in a plane considered in a horizontal plane, said first vertical plane is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the trench, seen along the length of the trench. In this case, the angle of deflection is preferably determined in a vertical plane parallel to the length of the trench and perpendicular to the first vertical plane. It will be understood that the first deviation parameter then makes it possible to characterize the deviation of the sole according to the length of the trench. Knowing the depth of the measuring device, it is also possible to determine a longitudinal displacement of the formwork device relative to the first vertical plane.

According to a variant, the measuring device can determine another deviation value, for example a considered deviation angle. between the sole and a second vertical plane orthogonal to the first vertical plane. It will be understood that the other deviation value then makes it possible to characterize a possible deviation of the sole according to the width of the trench. The second deviation parameter can also be displayed on a screen of the receiving station.

As mentioned above, the first deviation parameter can be a distance considered in a horizontal plane between the first vertical plane and the external face of the sole. This distance is preferably measured at the depth at which the measuring device is located.

The second deviation parameter can also be a deviation angle, considered between the first vertical plane and the external face of the sole, or else a considered distance, in a horizontal plane, between the first vertical plane and the measuring device of the second formwork element.

The invention further relates to a formwork installation comprising a formwork device according to the invention and a receiving station connected to the measuring device via the signal transmission device of the first formwork element. The formwork device according to the invention comprises, as defined above, at least a first formwork element.

The receiving station is preferably located on the surface.

Advantageously, the receiving station includes a screen for displaying at least the value of the first deviation parameter, thanks to which the operator can control in real time the possible deviation of the sole of the first formwork element.

In the embodiments in which the measuring device is mobile, the installation further comprises means for moving the measuring device in translation relative to the box.

These means preferably comprise a motorized rope, the end of which is fixed to the measuring device.

The invention further relates to a concreting method in which: at least one formwork device according to the invention is introduced into a trench, concrete is placed in the trench and, during the placement of concrete in the trench: at least a first parameter of deviation of the flange of the first formwork element relative to the vertical plane is determined; the formwork device is raised if the first deflection parameter is greater than a first predetermined threshold and the ascent is stopped when the first deflection parameter is less than a second predetermined threshold.

The first deviation parameter is a deviation angle or a distance. In this case, the first and second predetermined thresholds are angular values or else distances.

The formwork device is preferably suspended from a lifting cable.

It is understood that when the formwork device is raised, the latter resumes a vertical position so that the rise has the effect of bringing the sole against the wall of the trench and, consequently, eliminating the gap between the sole and the wall. Advantageously, the first formwork device is lowered after having stopped the ascent.

The concreting process according to the invention therefore makes it possible to control the position, and in particular the verticality of the sole in the trench, during the concreting operation. In the event of a deviation identified by means of the measuring device, the position of the formwork device is therefore modified so as to reduce the deviation. This has the effect of preventing the formation of a gap, at the very least significantly reducing it, so as to prevent the concrete from enclosing and blocking the formwork device in the trench. In other words, by virtue of the method according to the invention, time-consuming operations for removing the formwork device resulting from blocking of the formwork device in the trench during concreting are avoided. Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

[Fig.l] Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a shuttering device according to the invention, comprising a deviation measuring device provided with an inclinometer arranged in the box;

[Fig.2] Figure 2 is a top view of the formwork device of Figure 1;

[Fig.3] Figure 3 illustrates an implementation step of a concreting method according to the invention using the formwork device of Figure 1;

[Fig.4] Figure 4 illustrates the concreting process of Figure 3, in which the formwork device has deflected and is deformed;

[Fig.5] Figure 5 illustrates the previous concreting process, in which the formwork device is reassembled to correct the deviation;

[Fig.6] Figure 6 illustrates the previous concreting process, in which the formwork device is lowered after correction of the deviation;

[Fig.7] Figure 7 illustrates a second embodiment of the formwork device according to the invention, provided with a mobile deviation measuring device;

[Fig.8] Figure 8 is a top view of the formwork device of Figure 7;

[Fig.9] Figure 9 illustrates a variant of the second embodiment, the formwork device comprising two formwork elements;

[Fig.10] Figure 10 is a front view of a third embodiment of the shuttering device according to the invention;

[Fig.11] Figure 11 is a top view of the trench illustrating an example of deviation of the formwork device resulting from a rotation around the Z axis;

[Fig.12] Figure 12 illustrates, in top view, the step of drilling under mud of a trench in a soil;

[Fig.13] Figure 13 illustrates the installation of a formwork device according to the invention at one of the ends of the trench; [Fig.14] Figure 14 illustrates the concreting of the trench of Figure 13;

[Fig.15] Figure 15 illustrates the mud drilling of a second trench adjacent to the first trench;

[Fig.16] Figure 16 illustrates, after concreting the second trench and removing the formwork device, the juxtaposition of first and second concrete wall elements;

[Fig.17] Figure 17 is a front view of a fourth embodiment of the shuttering device according to the invention;

[Fig.18] Figure 18 is a top view of the formwork device of Figure 17;

[Fig.19] Figure 19 is a front view of a fifth embodiment of the shuttering device according to the invention; and

[Fig.20] Figure 20 is a perspective view of the formwork device of Figure 19.

detailed description

In Figure 1, there is illustrated a first embodiment of a shuttering device 10 for one end 12 of panel 14 of the diaphragm wall.

The formwork device 10 forms part of a formwork installation 500 according to the present invention, visible in FIG. 3, which further includes a receiving station 60, located on the surface, which will be described below.

In FIGS. 12 to 16, an exemplary implementation of a known method has been illustrated for producing a diaphragm wall consisting of two juxtaposed panels, using a formwork device 10.

The formwork device 10 extends in a longitudinal direction A which, in this example, extends in the vertical direction Z.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the formwork device 10 comprises a first formwork element 20 which comprises a sole 22 extending in the longitudinal direction A. In this embodiment, the sole 22 has an external face 24 as well as an internal face 26 carrying a box 28. The box 28 also extends in the longitudinal direction A. In a manner known elsewhere, the box includes a seal carrier (not illustrated here) to receive a seal 3. As illustrated in Figure 14, and in a known manner, the seal 3 has the function of sealing at the interface between the first and second wall panels molded El, E2.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, the first formwork element 20 has a cross section of substantially trapezoidal shape. The casing 28 for its part comprises a central part 30 provided with a seal carrier 32, the central portion extending in the longitudinal direction A. The seal carrier is configured to receive a seal 3, known elsewhere. .

The box 28 further comprises a first lateral part 34 connecting the central part 30 to the sole 22, and a second lateral part 36, opposite the first lateral part 34, also connecting the central part 30 to the sole 22.

According to the invention, the first formwork element 20 further comprises a measuring device 40 making it possible to determine at least a first deviation parameter representative of a possible deviation of the sole 22 relative to a first vertical plane PI. In this example, the first vertical plane PI is coplanar with the vertical wall 13 of the trench T1.

In this example, the measuring device 40 is fixed to the box 28. To do this, the box 28 has an opening 29 in which the measuring device is inserted. As can be understood with the aid of FIG. 2, in this example, the opening 29 is made in the first lateral part 34 of the box 28.

In this example, the measuring device 40 comprises an inclinometer 42, for example of the bi-axis type, comprising a measuring module 44 having substantially the same dimensions as the opening 29.

The first formwork element 20 further comprises a signal transmission device 50 which is connected to the measuring device 40 to allow the transmission of the first deviation parameter to the reception station 60 located on the surface.

Such a receiving station 60 is illustrated in Figures 3 to 6. In this example, the signal transmission device 50 comprises a cable 52 which is connected to the measuring device 40 on the one hand, and to the receiving station 60 on the other hand.

Still in this example, it can be seen that the cable 52 extends inside the box 28.

What is more, the measuring device 40 is, in this example, arranged at a longitudinal end part 20b of the first formwork element 20. This is the lower end part of the first formwork element. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the measuring device 40 could be placed in the middle of the length of the first formwork element 20.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, the measuring device 40 is integrated into the box, the measuring module 44 extending substantially in the same plane as the first lateral part 34. Thanks to this arrangement, the presence of the measuring device. measure 40 does not interfere with the sinking of the formwork device into the ground.

Furthermore, the cable 52 leaves the box via its upper longitudinal end 28a, as illustrated in FIG. 1.

Without departing from the scope of the present invention, and as will be seen below, the formwork device 10 preferably comprises several formwork elements fixed to each other by their longitudinal ends.

In known manner, the formwork elements are fixed to each other on the site before the introduction of the formwork device into the ground. This makes it possible to obtain a formwork device of great length consisting of a plurality of unit formwork elements. It is therefore understood that the formwork elements are brought individually to the site, which facilitates their handling.

In Figure 3, there is illustrated, in a sectional view taken in a vertical plane, the trench T1 being concreted.

As explained above, prior to concreting, the formwork device 10 according to the invention was introduced vertically into the trench Tl so that the sole 22, and more precisely its outer face 24 bears against the small vertical wall 13 of the T1 trench, which is also illustrated in figure 11. In this example, the formwork device 10 comprises three formwork elements fixed successively to each other, namely the first formwork element 20 previously described, a second formwork element 20 'and a third formwork element 20 ", the first , second and third formwork elements 20, 20 ', 20 "being fixed to each other by their ends so as to form the formwork device 10.

It is therefore understood that the second formwork element 20 'is fixed to the first formwork element 20. Like the first formwork element, the second formwork element 20' comprises a sole 22 'extending in the longitudinal direction A and having an outer face 24 'and an inner face 26' carrying a box 28 'also extending in the longitudinal direction A.

The second formwork element 20 'further comprises a measuring device 40' making it possible to determine a second deviation parameter representative of the deviation of the flange 22 'of the second formwork element 20' with respect to the first vertical plane PI. The second formwork element further comprises a signal transmission device 50 ', comprising in this example a cable 52', connected to the measuring device 40 'of the second formwork element 20' to transmit the second deviation parameter to the station. reception 60. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the signal transmission device 50 of the first formwork element 20, and in particular the cable 52, extends inside the box 28 'of the second formwork element 20 '. As a variant, one could provide a single BUS type cable consisting of several cable portions - with one cable portion per formwork element - connected to each other by means of connectors arranged between the formwork elements.

To do this, the common longitudinal end of the boxes 28 and 28 'has openings to allow the cable 52 to engage in the box 28'.

As explained above, the formwork device 10 further comprises a third formwork element 20 ", similar to the first and second formwork elements 20, 20 '. The third formwork element 20" also comprises a measuring device 40 "making it possible to determine a second deviation parameter representative of the deviation of the flange 22 "of the second formwork element 20 'relative to the first vertical plane PI.

It also comprises a transmission device 50 "connected to the measuring device 40" of the third formwork element 20 "to transmit the third deviation parameter to the reception station 60.

It can be seen in FIG. 3 that the signal transmission devices 50, 50 'of the first and second formwork elements 20, 20' pass through the box 28 "of the third formwork element 20".

The cables 52, 52 'and 52 "of the first, second and third formwork elements 20, 20', 20" are therefore connected to the reception station 60 arranged on the surface.

The latter comprises a screen 62 allowing the operator to view the first, second and third deviation parameters measured by the measuring devices 40, 40 'and 40 ". The receiving station 60 further comprises a computer 64 for receiving the data. data transmitted by transmission devices.

More precisely, the cables 52, 52 and 52 "of the first, second and third formwork elements are connected to the computer 64 of the receiving station 60.

The receiving station 60 is connected to the measuring devices 40, 40 ', 40 "via the transmission devices 50, 50', 50" of the first, second and third formwork elements 20, 20 ', 20 ".

As discussed above, the receiving station 60 includes a screen 62 for displaying the value of the first deviation parameter, if any, the values of the second and third deviation parameters.

The installation 500 further comprises a lifting cable C which is preferably fixed to the upper longitudinal longitudinal end 10a of the shuttering device 10 by means of an attached lifting head 11 which is fixed to the lifting element. formwork. This lifting cable C is connected to a carrier, known elsewhere and not shown here, disposed on the surface and making it possible to carry and move the formwork device 10.

With the aid of FIGS. 3 to 5, a description will now be given of a concreting process in accordance with the present invention. In FIG. 3, the start of the concreting process has been illustrated. The formwork device has therefore been placed in the trench T1, so that the formwork device 10 bears against the wall 13 of the trench T1, the formwork device 10 being positioned substantially vertical, the lower longitudinal end 10b of the formwork device 10 resting on the bottom 15 of the trench T1.

In FIG. 3, the formwork device 10 therefore extends substantially vertically. According to the concreting process, concrete is placed in the trench T1 using a pipe 70 connected to a concrete tank, not shown here.

According to the invention, during the placement of concrete in the trench T1, at least one parameter of deviation of the sole 22 of the first formwork element 20 relative to the first vertical plane PI is determined. In the configuration of FIG. 3, no deviation is measured in the vertical plane YZ with respect to the plane PI.

As illustrated in Figure 3, the bottom 15 of the trench T1 is not perfectly flat due to the presence of roughness, so that, during concreting, concrete can flow between the wall 13 of the trench. T1 and the outer face 24 of the sole 22. It is also possible for concrete to bypass the sides of the sole 22 insofar as the larger faces of the wall are not strictly flat either. This therefore has the effect that the concrete is lodged between the wall 13 and the sole 22, as illustrated in FIG. 4. This may have the effect of deflecting the sole 22. In the example of FIG. 4, the deflection consists of a pivoting of the shuttering device in the vertical plane YZ.

According to the concreting process according to the invention, if the deflection parameter is greater than a first predetermined threshold, the first formwork device is raised vertically by acting on the lifting cable C, as illustrated in FIG. 5, and the rise when the deviation parameter falls below a second predetermined threshold. This second predetermined threshold may be equal to the first predetermined threshold or else slightly less than the first threshold. In the illustration of Figure 5, the formwork device 10 has returned to its substantially vertical position after having been slightly raised, so that there is no concrete between the sole 22 and the end 13 of the wall. This will facilitate stripping, and will ensure sufficient continuity between the two adjacent panels. Preferably, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the formwork device 10 is lowered after correction of its deflection.

According to a first example, the parameter of deviation of the flange of the first formwork element 20 with respect to the first vertical plane PI is a deviation angle a1, corresponding to a rotation around the horizontal axis X. This angle is considered in a vertical plane. In this example, the first predetermined threshold is 2 °, while the second predetermined threshold is 1 °. These values are given as examples for a depth of 10 meters. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the second predetermined threshold could be equal to the first predetermined threshold.

According to another example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, the parameter of deviation of the flange of the first formwork element 20 with respect to the first vertical plane PI is a deviation angle b, corresponding to a rotation around the vertical axis Z. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the measuring device can determine a deviation resulting from the combination of a rotation around the vertical axis Z and a rotation around the X axis.

According to a variant, the first deviation parameter representative of the deviation of the sole 22 relative to the first vertical plane PI is constituted by the displacement value dl considered in the horizontal direction Y, between the first vertical plane PI and the measuring device 40. For example, the first predetermined threshold will be 40 cm, while the second predetermined threshold will be 20 cm. Knowing the depth of the measuring device 40, it is possible to determine an angle of deviation al of the sole with respect to the first vertical plane PI.

Likewise, the formwork device 10 illustrated in FIG. 4, having two other measuring devices 40 ', 40 "arranged on the second and third formwork elements 20', 20", make it possible to determine a second deviation parameter a2 or d2. representative of the deviation of the sole 22 'with respect to the first vertical plane PI, and a third deviation parameter a3 or d3 representative of the deviation of the sole 22 "with respect to the first vertical plane PI. Consequently, knowing the depth of the measuring devices 40 'and 40 ", as well as the distances d2 and d3, it is also possible to determine several values of the angles of deviation.

It should be noted that the external faces of the flanges 22, 22 'and 22 "are not necessarily coplanar, especially when the formwork device has a very great length. Also, the angles of deviation a1, a2 and a3 are not necessarily equal. , as has been shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4. The deviations illustrated in FIG. 4 have been deliberately exaggerated in order to facilitate the legibility of the figure.

The angles of deviation a1, a2 and a3, and / or each of the distances d1, d2 and d3 constituting parameters of deviation determined by the measuring devices 40, 40 'and 40 "can be calculated by the computer 64 and displayed on screen 62 of station 60.

With the aid of FIGS. 7 to 9, a second embodiment of the formwork device 110 according to the invention will now be described. The formwork device 110 extends in a longitudinal direction A and comprises a first formwork element 120 which comprises a sole 122 extending in the longitudinal direction A and having an external face 124 as well as an internal face 126 carrying a box. 128 extending in the longitudinal direction A. The box 128 comprises a seal carrier 129 intended to receive a seal J.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first formwork element 120 comprises a coupling device 101 making it possible to connect and position the first formwork element 120 to another formwork element. In this example, the coupling device comprises two lugs 102 which extend from the upper longitudinal end 128a of the box 128. The coupling device also comprises two orifices arranged at the lower longitudinal end 128b of the box 128 of the housing 103. and intended to receive, by form cooperation, the lugs 102 of another formwork element.

The first formwork element 120 further comprises a measuring device 140 making it possible to determine a first deviation parameter representative of the deviation of the sole 122 with respect to the first vertical plane PI.

Like the first embodiment, the first formwork element 120 further comprises a signal transmission device 150, comprising a cable 152 which is connected to device 140 for transmitting the first deflection parameter to a receiving station located on the surface.

Unlike the first embodiment, the measuring device 140 of the first shuttering element 120 of the shuttering device 110 according to the second embodiment is movable relative to the box 128 in the longitudinal direction A. This second embodiment therefore has the The advantage of allowing the determination of a possible deviation of the formwork device at different depths. It therefore allows a more precise measurement than the first embodiment since the measuring device can be positioned at one or more desired depths.

To do this, the first formwork element 120 comprises a guide tube 170 extending in the longitudinal direction A, parallel to the box. The measuring device 140 is connected to a displacement device 172, constituted in this example by a rope which can be moved inside the guide tube in the longitudinal direction. The rope is connected to an actuator placed on the surface (not shown here), controlled by the operator.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 7 to 9, the guide tube 170 is arranged in the box 128. It is understood, in this example, that the guide tube 170 extends over the entire length of the box 128.

Referring to FIG. 8, it can be seen that, in this embodiment, the guide tube 170 is disposed substantially at the center of the box considered in a plane perpendicular to the external face 124 of the sole 122.

Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the guide tube 170 could be arranged differently inside the box.

In Figure 9, there is illustrated a formwork device 110 further comprising a second formwork element 120 'which is disposed below the first formwork element 120. It can be seen that the lugs 102' of the second formwork element 120 'are introduced into the orifices 103 of the first formwork element 120.

The second formwork element 120 ′ comprises a sole 122 ′ which extends in the longitudinal direction A. It comprises an outer face 124 ′ as well as an inner face comprising a box 128 ′. extending in the longitudinal direction A. The measuring device 140 is movable relative to the box 128 ′ of the second formwork element in the longitudinal direction A. In this example, the guide tube 170 extends into the boxes 128, 128 'of the first and second formwork elements 120, 120'.

According to a variant, the guide tube 170 may be made up of two tube portions, each being arranged in one of the boxes of the first and second formwork elements, the guide tube portions being aligned with one another. when the first and second formwork elements are fixed to each other, in order to be able to pass the measuring device from one formwork element to the other.

FIG. 10 illustrates a third example of a formwork device 210 according to the invention, which is a variant of the second embodiment of the formwork device 110.

The formwork device 210 according to the third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that the guide tube 270, in which the measuring device 240 is movable, is arranged outside the box. To do this, the guide tube 270 is fixed to the external face 226 and / or to a lateral part of the box 228.

In Figures 17 and 18, there is illustrated a fourth embodiment of the shuttering device 310 according to the invention. Like the other embodiments previously described, the formwork device 310 comprises at least a first formwork element 320 comprising a sole 322 having an outer face 324 and a box 328. More specifically, in this embodiment, the first formwork element 320 comprises two tubular and parallel boxes, which extend in the longitudinal direction. The sole here has the shape of a plate, the thickness of which is less than the diameter of the box 328.

A measuring device 340, similar to those described above, is placed in the box 328. It can be fixed or mobile with respect to the box.

In Figures 19 and 20, there is illustrated a fifth embodiment of the formwork device 410 according to the invention. Like the other embodiments previously described, the formwork device 410 comprises at least a first formwork element 420 comprising a sole 422 having an external face 424 and a box 428. More precisely, in this embodiment, the sole 422 forms one face of the box 428, the latter having in this example a bevelled end.

A measuring device 440, similar to those described above, is placed in the box 428. It can be fixed or mobile with respect to the box.

Claims

1. Formwork device (10, 110, 210, 310, 410) for one end of a diaphragm wall panel, said formwork device extending in a longitudinal direction (A) and comprising at least a first formwork element (20 , 120,220,320,420) which comprises: a sole (22,122,222,322,422) extending in the longitudinal direction (A) and having an outer face (24), a box (28,128,228) cooperating with the sole and extending in the longitudinal direction; the formwork device being characterized in that the first formwork element further comprises: at least one measuring device (40,140,240,340,440) making it possible to determine at least one first deviation parameter (al, dl, b) representative of the deviation of the sole (22,122, 222,322,422) with respect to a first vertical plane (PI); and a signal transmission device (50) connected to the measuring device (40, 140,240,340,440) for transmitting the first deviation parameter (a1, d1, b) to a receiving station (60) located on the surface.

2. Formwork device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device (40) is fixed to the box (28).

3. Formwork device according to claim 2, wherein the box (28) has an opening (29) in which the measuring device is inserted.

4. Formwork device according to claim 3, wherein the box (28) comprises: a central part (30) provided with a seal carrier (32) and extending in the longitudinal direction (A), and at least a lateral part connecting the central part to the sole, the opening (29) being formed in the lateral part.

5. Formwork device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the measuring device (40) comprises at least one inclinometer (42).

6. Formwork device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the signal transmission device (50) comprises a cable (52,152) connected to the measuring device (40,140).

7. Formwork device according to claim 6, wherein the cable (52) extends inside the box (28).

A shuttering device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring device (40) is disposed at a longitudinal end portion (20b) of the first shuttering element (20).

9. A formwork device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a second formwork element (200 attached to the first formwork element (20), the second formwork element (200 comprising: a footing (220 extending in the longitudinal direction (A) and having an external face; a box (280 cooperating with the sole and extending in the longitudinal direction (A); at least one measuring device (400 making it possible to determine a second representative deviation parameter of the flange deflection (220 of the second shuttering element (200 with respect to the first vertical plane (PI); and a signal transmission device (500 connected to the measuring device (400 of the second shuttering element (200 to transmit the second deviation parameter to the receiving station (60).

10. A shuttering device according to claim 9, wherein the signal transmission device (50) of the first control element. formwork (20) extends inside the box (280 of the second formwork element (200-

11. Formwork device (110,210) according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device (140,240) is movable relative to the box (128,228) in the longitudinal direction (A).

12. Formwork device according to claim 11, wherein the first formwork element (120) comprises a guide tube (170,270) extending in the longitudinal direction (A), the measuring device (140,240) being connected to a displacement device to be moved inside the guide tube in the longitudinal direction.

13. Formwork device according to claim 12, wherein the guide tube (170) is arranged in the box (128).

14. A formwork device according to any one of claims 11 to 13, further comprising a second formwork element (1200 fixed to the first formwork element (120), the second formwork element comprising: a sole (1220 extending). in the longitudinal direction (A) and having an outer face; a box (1280 cooperating with the sole and extending in the longitudinal direction (A); in which the measuring device (140) is movable relative to the box (1280 of the second formwork element (120) in the longitudinal direction.

15. Formwork device according to claims 13 and 14, wherein the guide tube (170) extends into the boxes (128, 1280 of the first and second formwork elements (120, 1200-

16. Formwork device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first measured parameter is a deviation angle (a1) between the longitudinal direction (A) and the first. vertical plane (PI), a deviation angle (b) between a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (A) and the first vertical plane (PI), or a distance (dl) between the first vertical plane (PI) and the external face of the sole, considered in a horizontal plane.

17. Formwork installation (500) comprising a formwork device (10,110,210) according to any one of the preceding claims, and a receiving station (60) connected to the measuring device (40, 140, 240) via the transmission device. signals (50) of at least the first formwork element.

18. A formwork installation according to claim 17, wherein the receiving station (60) includes a screen (62) for displaying the value of the first deviation parameter.

19. Installation according to claim 17 or 18, comprising a shuttering device according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that it further comprises means (172) for moving in translation the measuring device (140 , 240) relative to the box (128, 228).

20. Concreting process in which: at least one formwork device according to any one of claims 1 to 16 is introduced into a trench, concrete is placed in the trench and, during the placement of concrete in the trench: at least a first parameter of deviation of the flange of the first formwork element relative to the first vertical plane is determined; the first formwork device is raised if the first deflection parameter is greater than a first predetermined threshold and the ascent is stopped when the first deflection parameter is less than a second predetermined threshold.

21. Concreting method according to claim 20, wherein the first formwork device is lowered after having stopped the rise.