EP2691578B1 - Reinforced structures in the ground - Google Patents

Reinforced structures in the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2691578B1
EP2691578B1 EP12718285.5A EP12718285A EP2691578B1 EP 2691578 B1 EP2691578 B1 EP 2691578B1 EP 12718285 A EP12718285 A EP 12718285A EP 2691578 B1 EP2691578 B1 EP 2691578B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchoring
stabilization
stabilization element
attachment
elbow portion
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP12718285.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2691578A2 (en
Inventor
Nicolas Freitag
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Terre Armee Internationale
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Terre Armee Internationale
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Priority to PL12718285T priority Critical patent/PL2691578T3/en
Publication of EP2691578A2 publication Critical patent/EP2691578A2/en
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Publication of EP2691578B1 publication Critical patent/EP2691578B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to reinforced soil structures and methods of building structures in reinforced soil.
  • These structures traditionally comprise a facing, a fill that fills a rear side of the facing, stabilizing elements distributed in the embankment to mechanically stabilize and a connection system between the stabilizing elements and the facing.
  • the facing is for example made from prefabricated concrete elements in the form of slabs or blocks, said prefabricated elements being juxtaposed to cover the front face of the structure.
  • a work thus produced is known in particular under the commercial reference TerraClass ® of the company TERRE ARMEE INTERNATIONAL.
  • the facing may also be made from a grid, in particular consisting of metal rods welded together.
  • a siding may comprise a geotextile and may be vegetated.
  • a work thus produced is known in particular under the trade name TerraTrel ® of the company TERRE ARMEE INTERNATIONAL.
  • stabilizing elements can be used in such structures in reinforced soil.
  • Some structures include metallic stabilizing elements including galvanized steel bars. It is also possible to use stabilizing elements such as stabilizing strips made of synthetic material, for example based on polymer fibers.
  • the stabilizing elements are placed in the soil with a density depending on the constraints practice on the structure, the thrust forces of the ground being taken up by the friction soil / stabilizing element.
  • the stabilizing elements are attached to the facing and / or to a wall located at a distance from the facing.
  • Metal stabilizing elements are often considered advantageous in terms of mechanical efficiency and may consist of metal bars welded together to form, for example, a ladder or a lattice.
  • a ladder-shaped stabilizing element generally consists of two substantially parallel metal rods each constituting a longitudinal portion and transverse rods which connect the longitudinal rods together to provide rigidity to the assembly.
  • a stabilization element resembling a ladder is thus formed.
  • one end of the stabilizing element comprises a fastening means to the facing.
  • the two ends of the longitudinal rods are connected by a flat and pierced piece.
  • the pierced portion of said piece is intended to receive means of connection with the facing.
  • This solution has many advantages including a single connection point for imposing a deviation of the stabilizing element relative to the perpendicular to the facing and a balance of the tensions ensured between the two longitudinal rods.
  • hairpin scales have the advantage of being constituted only by a longitudinal rod arched hairpin thus reducing the mechanical weaknesses in the bond with the facing.
  • this type of ladder when connected to the facing with a bolt or a pin, it remains a longitudinal play. This longitudinal clearance can lead to different voltages in the different scales connected to the same facing element and have an impact on the safety and / or the cost of these elements.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and in particular to provide a stabilizing element that does not have the disadvantages of the stabilizing elements of the prior art.
  • the longitudinal displacements of the stabilizing element are limited, thus increasing the reliability of the reinforced soil structure according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a stabilizing element able to stabilize a structure in reinforced soil according to the invention, comprising at least two longitudinal parts interconnected in continuity of material by a bent portion, said bent portion being limited by a constriction of said longitudinal portions, said constriction forming with said bent portion an anchor space can receive a fixing element so as to limit the movements of the stabilizing element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element, in which transverse parts connect the longitudinal parts together.
  • the anchoring space and the fixing element being shaped so as to limit the movements of the stabilizing element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element.
  • the figure 1 represents a reinforced soil structure according to a first embodiment.
  • This reinforced soil structure may be a retaining wall on reinforced soil.
  • the reinforced soil structure represented at figure 1 comprises an embankment 1, siding 4 placed along the front face of the structure and stabilizing elements 2.
  • the stabilizing elements for use in structures reinforced soil according to the invention generally comprise longitudinal portions, elongated. Their length can be between about one meter and several meters.
  • the parts longitudinal stabilizing elements can be arranged one by one in the ground or be assembled together by different means.
  • the width and the thickness of these longitudinal parts are of the order of a centimeter and generally do not exceed ten centimeters.
  • the spacing between the longitudinal parts is of the order of ten centimeters, between a few centimeters and a few decimetres.
  • the longitudinal portions may be arranged substantially parallel or be arranged with an angle.
  • the longitudinal portions of the stabilizing elements are arranged in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • the stabilizing elements 2 may comprise transverse portions 22 interconnecting the longitudinal portions.
  • the transverse portions 22 may be welded to the longitudinal portions or may be movably attached.
  • each of the ends of the transverse parts may be provided with hooks whose ends are directed towards the inside of the transverse parts.
  • transverse is meant a portion of a stabilizing element that connects two longitudinal portions to one another. Such transverse parts are for example made of bars.
  • the transverse portions are arranged to be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal portions or at an angle to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal portions.
  • transverse bars may be distributed over the entire length of the longitudinal rods, and in particular spaced regularly. For example, spacing between two transverse rods is of the order of a few tens of centimeters for a ladder-shaped stabilizing element. They can substantially cover the length between the longitudinal portions or be extended beyond the longitudinal portions for a distance.
  • the metal bars used for such stabilizing elements are generally steel bars. They are often cylindrical and their diameter is generally of the order of a centimeter. These rods are advantageously used because their cost is moderate.
  • the reinforced soil structure also comprises anchoring elements 6.
  • Each anchoring element comprising a projecting element 8 projecting from the internal face 7 of the structure and a fastening element 10.
  • the cladding 4 may be substantially vertical as illustrated on the figure 1 and comprises a front face 5 substantially coinciding with the front face of the structure and a rear face located opposite the front surface, said rear face being substantially merged with an inner face 7 of the structure.
  • the stabilizing element 2 comprises two longitudinal parts 14 and 16 interconnected in continuity of material by a bent portion 18.
  • Said bent portion 18 is limited by a constriction 20 of said longitudinal portions.
  • the constriction 20 forms with the angled portion 18 an anchoring space adapted to receive the fastening element 10 of the anchoring element 6.
  • the anchoring space can have a keyhole shape.
  • the stabilizing element 2 is anchored to the internal face 7 of the structure by arranging the fastening element 10 of the anchoring element 6 in the anchoring space of the stabilizing element 2.
  • the anchoring space and the fixing element are shaped so as to limit the movements of the stabilizing element substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element.
  • the stabilizing and fixing elements are chosen so that the dimensions in the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element of the anchoring space of the stabilizing element and the fixing element of the anchoring element are substantially identical.
  • the stabilizing element has no play or the possibility of displacement in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element.
  • the stabilizing element 2 is shaped so that at the throat 20, a space is maintained between the two longitudinal parts of the stabilizing element.
  • this absence of contact or the existence of this space between the two longitudinal parts of the stabilizing element makes it possible to prevent the deposition of zinc drops during the galvanization steps of the stabilizing elements.
  • the medium in which the duration of use of the reinforced soil structure can be long for example be between 10 and 120 years, it may be necessary to galvanize the stabilizing elements before disposing in the book .
  • the projecting element 8 of the anchoring element 6 has the shape of a plate extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the inner face 7 of the structure.
  • the fastening element 10 may be in continuity with the protruding element 8 or may be an insert which fits into a hole previously pierced in the projecting element 8.
  • the fastener 10 may be a bolt or pin.
  • the anchoring element 6 may comprise two projecting elements in the form of plates comprising matching holes.
  • the two plates extend in planes substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the internal face of the structure.
  • the stabilizing element 2 may comprise a flattening at the anchoring space.
  • the anchoring element comprises two salient elements in the form of plates comprising matching holes.
  • the stabilizing element is disposed between the two plates of the anchoring element so that the anchoring zone is in contact with said plates.
  • the stabilizing element may be arranged so that said planarization is at least partly in contact with said plate .
  • the contact between the planarization at the anchoring space of the stabilizing element and the projecting element makes it possible to reduce or cancel the penetration of corrosion into the stabilization element at the location of this contact.
  • the invention is not limited by the shape of the anchoring element, in particular the anchoring element may comprise two L-shaped plates projecting from the internal face of the structure or a plate pear shaped as illustrated on the figure 3 .
  • the facing may be made based on wire mesh on which the anchoring element 6 is fixed.
  • the reinforced soil structure according to the invention may be a reinforced soil structure in front of a pre-existing wall.
  • the wall may represent an internal face of the structure in reinforced soil and include anchoring elements 32 projecting from said wall.
  • the anchoring elements and the stabilizing elements may be in accordance with those described with respect to the previously described embodiments.
  • the stabilizing elements can be anchored to several internal faces of the structure.
  • the stabilizing elements can be anchored to the inner face defined by the facing and the inner face defined by the wall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne des ouvrages en sol renforcé et des procédés de constructions d'ouvrages en sol renforcé.The present invention relates to reinforced soil structures and methods of building structures in reinforced soil.

Ces ouvrages comprennent traditionnellement un parement, un remblai qui comble un côté arrière du parement, des éléments de stabilisation répartis dans le remblai pour le stabiliser mécaniquement et un système de connexion entre les éléments de stabilisation et le parement.These structures traditionally comprise a facing, a fill that fills a rear side of the facing, stabilizing elements distributed in the embankment to mechanically stabilize and a connection system between the stabilizing elements and the facing.

Le parement est par exemple réalisé à partir d'éléments préfabriqués en béton, en forme de dalles ou de blocs, lesdits éléments préfabriqués étant juxtaposés pour recouvrir la face frontale de l'ouvrage. Un ouvrage ainsi réalisé est connu notamment sous la référence commerciale TerraClass® de la société TERRE ARMEE INTERNATIONALE.The facing is for example made from prefabricated concrete elements in the form of slabs or blocks, said prefabricated elements being juxtaposed to cover the front face of the structure. A work thus produced is known in particular under the commercial reference TerraClass ® of the company TERRE ARMEE INTERNATIONAL.

Le parement peut également être réalisé à partir d'une grille, notamment constitué de tiges métalliques soudées entre elles. Un tel parement peut comprendre un géotextile et peut être végétalisé. Un ouvrage ainsi réalisé est connu notamment sous le nom commercial TerraTrel® de la société TERRE ARMEE INTERNATIONALE.The facing may also be made from a grid, in particular consisting of metal rods welded together. Such a siding may comprise a geotextile and may be vegetated. A work thus produced is known in particular under the trade name TerraTrel ® of the company TERRE ARMEE INTERNATIONAL.

Divers types d'éléments de stabilisation peuvent être utilisés dans de tels ouvrages en sol renforcé.
Certains ouvrages comprennent des éléments de stabilisation métalliques comprenant des barres en acier galvanisé. Il est également possible d'utiliser des éléments de stabilisation tels que des bandes de stabilisation réalisées en matière synthétique, par exemple à base de fibres de polymère.Various types of stabilizing elements can be used in such structures in reinforced soil.
Some structures include metallic stabilizing elements including galvanized steel bars. It is also possible to use stabilizing elements such as stabilizing strips made of synthetic material, for example based on polymer fibers.

Les éléments de stabilisation sont mis en place dans le sol avec une densité dépendant des contraintes pouvant s'exercer sur l'ouvrage, les efforts de poussée du terrain étant repris par le frottement sol/élément de stabilisation. Les éléments de stabilisation sont rattachés au parement et/ou à une paroi située à une distance du parement.The stabilizing elements are placed in the soil with a density depending on the constraints practice on the structure, the thrust forces of the ground being taken up by the friction soil / stabilizing element. The stabilizing elements are attached to the facing and / or to a wall located at a distance from the facing.

On s'intéresse ici aux éléments de stabilisation qui se présentent sous la forme d'éléments métalliques.Here we are interested in the stabilizing elements which are in the form of metallic elements.

Les éléments de stabilisation métalliques sont souvent considérés comme avantageux en termes d'efficacité mécanique et peuvent être constitués de barres métalliques soudées entre elles pour former, par exemple, une échelle ou un treillis. Un élément de stabilisation en forme d'échelle est en général constitué de deux tiges métalliques sensiblement parallèles constituant chacune une partie longitudinale et de tiges transverses qui relient les tiges longitudinales entre elles afin d'assurer une rigidité à l'ensemble.Metal stabilizing elements are often considered advantageous in terms of mechanical efficiency and may consist of metal bars welded together to form, for example, a ladder or a lattice. A ladder-shaped stabilizing element generally consists of two substantially parallel metal rods each constituting a longitudinal portion and transverse rods which connect the longitudinal rods together to provide rigidity to the assembly.

On forme ainsi un élément de stabilisation ressemblant à une échelle.A stabilization element resembling a ladder is thus formed.

En général, une extrémité de l'élément de stabilisation comprend un moyen de fixation au parement.In general, one end of the stabilizing element comprises a fastening means to the facing.

Selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 55 de la demande US 5807030 , les deux extrémités des tiges longitudinales sont reliées par une pièce plate et percée. La partie percée de ladite pièce est destinée à recevoir des moyens de liaison avec le parement.According to the embodiment of Figure 55 of the application US 5807030 the two ends of the longitudinal rods are connected by a flat and pierced piece. The pierced portion of said piece is intended to receive means of connection with the facing.

Cette solution présente de nombreux avantages dont un point de connexion unique permettant d'imposer une déviation de l'élément de stabilisation par rapport à la perpendiculaire au parement et un équilibre des tensions assuré entre les deux tiges longitudinales.This solution has many advantages including a single connection point for imposing a deviation of the stabilizing element relative to the perpendicular to the facing and a balance of the tensions ensured between the two longitudinal rods.

Cependant, une telle échelle est obtenue en soudant aux deux tiges longitudinales la pièce plate destinée à recevoir les moyens de liaison avec le parement. Ce procédé de fabrication est coûteux et lent.However, such a scale is obtained by welding to the two longitudinal rods the flat piece intended for receive the means of connection with the facing. This manufacturing process is expensive and slow.

D'autres solutions ont été envisagées notamment l'utilisation d'échelle dite en épingle à cheveux, telle que, par exemple, décrite à la figure 38 de la demande US 5 807 030 .Other solutions have been envisaged including the use of so-called hairpin ladder, such as, for example, described in FIG. 38 of the application. US 5,807,030 .

Ces échelles en épingle à cheveux présentent l'avantage de n'être constituées que d'une tige longitudinale cintrée en épingle diminuant ainsi les faiblesses mécaniques au niveau de la liaison avec le parement.These hairpin scales have the advantage of being constituted only by a longitudinal rod arched hairpin thus reducing the mechanical weaknesses in the bond with the facing.

Cependant, ce type d'échelle n'est pas compatible avec les connexions classiques utilisées dans les parements.However, this type of scale is not compatible with conventional connections used in siding.

De plus, lorsque ce type d'échelle est connectée au parement grâce à un boulon ou à une goupille, il reste un jeu longitudinal. Ce jeu longitudinal peut conduire à des tensions différentes dans les différentes échelles connectées au même élément de parement et avoir une incidence sur la sécurité et/ou le coût de ces éléments.In addition, when this type of ladder is connected to the facing with a bolt or a pin, it remains a longitudinal play. This longitudinal clearance can lead to different voltages in the different scales connected to the same facing element and have an impact on the safety and / or the cost of these elements.

Un but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients précités et notamment de proposer un élément de stabilisation ne présentant pas les inconvénients des éléments de stabilisation de l'art antérieur.An object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and in particular to provide a stabilizing element that does not have the disadvantages of the stabilizing elements of the prior art.

L'invention propose ainsi un ouvrage en sol renforcé comprenant :

  • un remblai,
  • un parement placé le long de la face frontale de l'ouvrage,
  • un élément d'ancrage comprenant un élément saillant faisant saillie par rapport à une face interne de l'ouvrage et un élément de fixation, et
  • un élément de stabilisation comprenant au moins deux parties longitudinales reliées entre elles en continuité de matière par une partie coudée, ladite partie coudée étant limitée par un étranglement desdites parties longitudinales, ledit étranglement formant avec ladite partie coudée un espace d'ancrage apte à recevoir l'élément de fixation de l'élément d'ancrage,
dans lequel l'élément de stabilisation est ancré à ladite face interne de l'ouvrage en disposant l'élément de fixation de l'élément d'ancrage dans l'espace d'ancrage de l'élément de stabilisation, et l'espace d'ancrage et l'élément de fixation étant conformés de sorte à limiter les déplacements de l'élément de stabilisation dans toute direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction longitudinale de l'élément de stabilisation.The invention thus proposes a reinforced soil structure comprising:
  • an embankment,
  • a facing placed along the front face of the structure,
  • an anchoring element comprising a projecting element projecting from an internal face of the structure and a fastening element, and
  • a stabilizing element comprising at least two longitudinal parts interconnected in continuity of material by a bent portion, said bent portion being limited by a constriction of said longitudinal portions, said constriction forming with said bent portion an anchoring space adapted to receive anchoring element of the anchoring element,
wherein the stabilizing element is anchored to said inner face of the structure by disposing the fastener element of the anchor element in the anchorage space of the stabilizing element, and the space of anchoring and the fastening element being shaped so as to limit the movements of the stabilizing element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element.

Avantageusement, dans l'ouvrage en sol renforcé selon l'invention, les déplacements longitudinaux de l'élément de stabilisation sont limités augmentant ainsi la fiabilité de l'ouvrage en sol renforcé selon l'invention.Advantageously, in the reinforced soil structure according to the invention, the longitudinal displacements of the stabilizing element are limited, thus increasing the reliability of the reinforced soil structure according to the invention.

Un ouvrage en sol renforcé selon l'invention peut en outre comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes, considérées individuellement ou selon toutes les combinaisons possibles :

  • les éléments de stabilisation et de fixation sont configurés de sorte que les dimensions dans la direction longitudinale de l'élément de stabilisation de l'espace d'ancrage dudit élément de stabilisation et de l'élément de fixation de l'élément d'ancrage soient sensiblement identiques ; et/ou
  • il existe au niveau de l'étranglement un espace entre lesdites parties longitudinales de l'élément de stabilisation ; et/ou
  • l'élément de stabilisation est conformé de sorte à maintenir un espace au niveau de l'étranglement entre lesdites parties longitudinales de l'élément de stabilisation ; et/ou
  • l'élément de stabilisation comprend des parties transverses reliant entre elles les parties longitudinales ; et/ou
  • l'élément saillant présente la forme d'une plaque s'étendant selon un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à la face interne de l'ouvrage ; et/ou
  • l'élément de stabilisation comprend un aplanissement au niveau de l'espace d'ancrage, ledit aplanissement étant au moins en partie en contact avec la plaque formant l'élément saillant ; et/ou
  • l'élément de fixation est rapporté ; et/ou
  • l'élément saillant comprend deux plaques s'étendant selon des plans sensiblement parallèles entre eux et perpendiculaires à la face interne de l'ouvrage, l'élément de stabilisation comprenant un aplanissement au niveau de l'espace d'ancrage, ledit aplanissement étant disposé entre les deux plaques de l'élément saillant de sorte à être au moins en partie en contact avec lesdites plaques ; et/ou
  • les parties longitudinales sont en métal, notamment en acier galvanisé, par exemple formées de tiges cylindriques ; et/ou
  • les parties transverses sont en métal, notamment en acier galvanisé, par exemple formées de tiges cylindriques ; et/ou
  • la partie coudée à la forme d'un U ou d'un V.
A reinforced soil structure according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following optional characteristics, considered individually or according to all the possible combinations:
  • the stabilizing and fixing elements are configured so that the dimensions in the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element of the anchoring space of said stabilizing element and the fixing element of the anchoring element are substantially identical; and or
  • there is at the level of the constriction a space between said longitudinal parts of the stabilizing element; and or
  • the stabilizing member is shaped to maintain a space at the constriction between said longitudinal portions of the stabilizing member; and or
  • the stabilizing element comprises transverse portions interconnecting the longitudinal portions; and or
  • the projecting element has the form of a plate extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the inner face of the structure; and or
  • the stabilizing element comprises flattening at the anchoring space, said planarizing being at least partly in contact with the plate forming the projecting element; and or
  • the fastening element is attached; and or
  • the projecting element comprises two plates extending in planes substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the internal face of the structure, the stabilizing element comprising a flattening at the level of the anchoring space, said flattening being arranged between the two plates of the projecting element so as to be at least partly in contact with said plates; and or
  • the longitudinal parts are made of metal, in particular galvanized steel, for example formed of cylindrical rods; and or
  • the transverse parts are made of metal, in particular galvanized steel, for example formed of cylindrical rods; and or
  • the bent part in the shape of a U or a V.

L'invention se rapporte également à un élément de stabilisation apte à stabiliser un ouvrage en sol renforcé selon l'invention, comprenant au moins deux parties longitudinales reliées entre elles en continuité de matière par une partie coudée, ladite partie coudée étant limitée par un étranglement desdites parties longitudinales, ledit étranglement formant avec ladite partie coudée un espace d'ancrage pouvant recevoir un élément de fixation de sorte à limiter les déplacements de l'élément de stabilisation dans toute direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction longitudinale de l'élément de stabilisation, dans lequel des parties transverses relient entre elles les parties longitudinales.The invention also relates to a stabilizing element able to stabilize a structure in reinforced soil according to the invention, comprising at least two longitudinal parts interconnected in continuity of material by a bent portion, said bent portion being limited by a constriction of said longitudinal portions, said constriction forming with said bent portion an anchor space can receive a fixing element so as to limit the movements of the stabilizing element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element, in which transverse parts connect the longitudinal parts together.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de construction d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé dans lequel :

  • on dispose un parement suivant une face frontale de l'ouvrage délimitant un volume à remblayer, ledit parement comportant un élément d'ancrage comprenant un élément saillant faisant saillie par rapport à la face arrière du parement et un élément de fixation,
  • on dispose un élément de stabilisation dans une zone dudit volume, l'élément de stabilisation comprenant au moins deux parties longitudinales reliées entre elles en continuité de matière par une partie coudée, ladite partie coudée étant limitée par un étranglement desdites parties longitudinales, ledit étranglement formant avec ladite partie coudée un espace d'ancrage apte à recevoir l'élément de fixation de l'élément d'ancrage,
  • on ancre l'élément de stabilisation au parement en disposant l'élément de fixation de l'élément d'ancrage dans l'espace d'ancrage de l'élément de stabilisation,
  • on apporte du matériau de remblai dans ledit volume et on compacte le matériau de remblai,
The invention also relates to a method of constructing a reinforced soil structure in which:
  • a facing is arranged along a front face of the structure delimiting a volume to be backfilled, said facing comprising an anchoring element comprising a projecting element projecting from the rear face of the facing and a fixing element,
  • a stabilizing element is provided in an area of said volume, the stabilizing element comprising at least two longitudinal parts interconnected in continuity of material by a bent portion, said bent portion being limited by a constriction of said longitudinal portions, said constriction forming with said bent portion an anchoring space adapted to receive the fixing element of the anchoring element,
  • anchoring the stabilizing element to the facing by arranging the fastening element of the anchoring element in the anchoring space of the stabilizing element,
  • fill material is brought into said volume and the backfill material is compacted,

l'espace d'ancrage et l'élément de fixation étant conformés de sorte à limiter les déplacements de l'élément de stabilisation dans toute direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction longitudinale de l'élément de stabilisation.the anchoring space and the fixing element being shaped so as to limit the movements of the stabilizing element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element.

L'invention se rapporte également à un procédé de construction d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé devant une paroi préexistante comportant un élément d'ancrage comprenant un élément saillant faisant saillie par rapport à ladite paroi et un élément de fixation dans lequel :

  • on dispose un parement suivant une face frontale de d'ouvrage délimitant un volume à remblayer,
  • on dispose un élément de stabilisation dans une zone dudit volume, l'élément de stabilisation comprenant au moins deux parties longitudinales reliées entre elles en continuité de matière par une partie coudée, ladite partie coudée étant limitée par un étranglement desdites parties longitudinales, ledit étranglement formant avec ladite partie coudée un espace d'ancrage apte à recevoir l'élément de fixation de l'élément d'ancrage,
  • on ancre l'élément de stabilisation à la paroi en disposant l'élément de fixation de l'élément d'ancrage dans l'espace d'ancrage de l'élément de stabilisation,
  • on apporte du matériau de remblai dans ledit volume et on compacte le matériau de remblai,
    l'espace d'ancrage et l'élément de fixation étant conformés de sorte à limiter les déplacements de l'élément de stabilisation dans toute direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction longitudinale de l'élément de stabilisation.
The invention also relates to a method of constructing a structure in reinforced soil in front of a pre-existing wall comprising an anchoring element comprising a projecting element projecting from said wall and a fixing element in which:
  • a facing is placed along a front face of a work delimiting a volume to be backfilled,
  • a stabilizing element is provided in an area of said volume, the stabilizing element comprising at least two longitudinal parts interconnected in continuity of material by a bent portion, said bent portion being limited by a constriction of said longitudinal portions, said constriction forming with said bent portion an anchoring space adapted to receive the fixing element of the anchoring element,
  • the stabilizing element is anchored to the wall by placing the fixing element of the anchoring element in the anchoring space of the stabilizing element,
  • fill material is brought into said volume and the backfill material is compacted,
    the anchoring space and the fixing element being shaped so as to limit the movements of the stabilizing element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe latérale d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé selon un premier mode de réalisation ;
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique de dessus du parement et de l'élément de stabilisation représenté sur la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe latérale d'un parement et d'un élément de stabilisation selon l'invention ; et
  • les figures 4a et 4b représentent un élément de stabilisation selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe latérale d'un ouvrage en sol renforcé selon un deuxième mode de réalisation.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description given solely as a example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a reinforced soil structure according to a first embodiment;
  • The figure 2 is a diagrammatic view from above of the facing and the stabilizing element represented on the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic side sectional view of a facing and a stabilizing element according to the invention; and
  • the Figures 4a and 4b represent a stabilizing element according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 5 is a schematic side sectional view of a reinforced soil structure according to a second embodiment.

Pour des raisons de clarté, les différents éléments représentés sur les figures ne sont pas nécessairement à l'échelle.For the sake of clarity, the different elements shown in the figures are not necessarily to scale.

La figure 1 représente un ouvrage en sol renforcé selon un premier mode de réalisation. Cet ouvrage en sol renforcé peut être un mur de soutènement en sol renforcé.The figure 1 represents a reinforced soil structure according to a first embodiment. This reinforced soil structure may be a retaining wall on reinforced soil.

L'ouvrage en sol renforcé représenté à la figure 1 comprend un remblai 1, des parements 4 placés le long de la face frontale de l'ouvrage et des éléments de stabilisation 2.The reinforced soil structure represented at figure 1 comprises an embankment 1, siding 4 placed along the front face of the structure and stabilizing elements 2.

Les éléments de stabilisation destinés à être utilisés dans des ouvrages en sol renforcé selon l'invention comprennent généralement des parties longitudinales, de forme allongée. Leur longueur peut être comprise entre environ un mètre et plusieurs mètres. Les parties longitudinales des éléments de stabilisation peuvent être disposées une à une dans le sol ou être assemblées entre elles par différents moyens. La largeur et l'épaisseur de ces parties longitudinales sont de l'ordre du centimètre et ne dépasse en général pas la dizaine de centimètre. L'espacement entre les parties longitudinales est de l'ordre de la dizaine de centimètres, entre quelques centimètres et quelques décimètres.The stabilizing elements for use in structures reinforced soil according to the invention generally comprise longitudinal portions, elongated. Their length can be between about one meter and several meters. The parts longitudinal stabilizing elements can be arranged one by one in the ground or be assembled together by different means. The width and the thickness of these longitudinal parts are of the order of a centimeter and generally do not exceed ten centimeters. The spacing between the longitudinal parts is of the order of ten centimeters, between a few centimeters and a few decimetres.

Les parties longitudinales peuvent être disposées sensiblement parallèles ou bien être disposées avec un angle. En général, les parties longitudinales des éléments de stabilisation sont disposées dans un plan sensiblement horizontal.The longitudinal portions may be arranged substantially parallel or be arranged with an angle. In general, the longitudinal portions of the stabilizing elements are arranged in a substantially horizontal plane.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les éléments de stabilisation 2 peuvent comprendre des parties transverses 22 reliant entre elles les parties longitudinales. Les parties transverses 22 peuvent être soudées aux parties longitudinales ou encore fixées de manière mobile.According to one embodiment, the stabilizing elements 2 may comprise transverse portions 22 interconnecting the longitudinal portions. The transverse portions 22 may be welded to the longitudinal portions or may be movably attached.

Par exemple, chacune des extrémités des parties transverses peuvent être pourvues de crochets dont les extrémités sont dirigées vers l'intérieur des parties transverses.For example, each of the ends of the transverse parts may be provided with hooks whose ends are directed towards the inside of the transverse parts.

On entend par « transverse » une partie d'un élément de stabilisation qui relie deux parties longitudinales entre elles. De telles parties transverses sont par exemple constituées de barres. En particulier, les parties transverses sont disposées de manière à être sensiblement perpendiculaires aux parties longitudinales ou en biais par rapport à la direction perpendiculaire aux parties longitudinales.By "transverse" is meant a portion of a stabilizing element that connects two longitudinal portions to one another. Such transverse parts are for example made of bars. In particular, the transverse portions are arranged to be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal portions or at an angle to the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal portions.

Ces barres transverses peuvent être réparties sur toute la longueur des tiges longitudinales, et notamment espacées de manière régulière. Par exemple, l'espacement entre deux tiges transverses est de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de centimètres pour un élément de stabilisation en forme d'échelle. Elles peuvent couvrir sensiblement la longueur entre les parties longitudinales ou être prolongées au-delà des parties longitudinales sur une certaine distance.These transverse bars may be distributed over the entire length of the longitudinal rods, and in particular spaced regularly. For example, spacing between two transverse rods is of the order of a few tens of centimeters for a ladder-shaped stabilizing element. They can substantially cover the length between the longitudinal portions or be extended beyond the longitudinal portions for a distance.

Les barres métalliques utilisées pour de tels éléments de stabilisation sont généralement des barres en acier. Elles sont souvent cylindriques et leur diamètre est en général de l'ordre du centimètre. Ces tiges sont avantageusement utilisées car leur coût est modéré.The metal bars used for such stabilizing elements are generally steel bars. They are often cylindrical and their diameter is generally of the order of a centimeter. These rods are advantageously used because their cost is moderate.

L'ouvrage en sol renforcé comprend également des éléments d'ancrage 6.The reinforced soil structure also comprises anchoring elements 6.

Chaque élément d'ancrage comprenant un élément saillant 8 faisant saillie par rapport à la face interne 7 de l'ouvrage et un élément de fixation 10.Each anchoring element comprising a projecting element 8 projecting from the internal face 7 of the structure and a fastening element 10.

Le parement 4 peut être sensiblement vertical comme illustré sur la figure 1 et comprend une face avant 5 sensiblement confondue avec la face frontale de l'ouvrage et une face arrière située à l'opposé de la surface avant, ladite face arrière étant sensiblement confondue avec une face interne 7 de l'ouvrage.The cladding 4 may be substantially vertical as illustrated on the figure 1 and comprises a front face 5 substantially coinciding with the front face of the structure and a rear face located opposite the front surface, said rear face being substantially merged with an inner face 7 of the structure.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 2, l'élément de stabilisation 2 comprend deux parties longitudinales 14 et 16 reliées entre elles en continuité de matière par une partie coudée 18.In the embodiment illustrated on the figure 2 , the stabilizing element 2 comprises two longitudinal parts 14 and 16 interconnected in continuity of material by a bent portion 18.

Ladite partie coudée 18 est limitée par un étranglement 20 desdites parties longitudinales. L'étranglement 20 forme avec la partie coudée 18 un espace d'ancrage apte à recevoir l'élément de fixation 10 de l'élément d'ancrage 6. Comme illustré sur la figure 2, l'espace d'ancrage peut avoir une forme en trou de serrure.Said bent portion 18 is limited by a constriction 20 of said longitudinal portions. The constriction 20 forms with the angled portion 18 an anchoring space adapted to receive the fastening element 10 of the anchoring element 6. As shown in FIG. figure 2 , the anchoring space can have a keyhole shape.

L'élément de stabilisation 2 est ancré à la face interne 7 de l'ouvrage en disposant l'élément de fixation 10 de l'élément d'ancrage 6 dans l'espace d'ancrage de l'élément de stabilisation 2.The stabilizing element 2 is anchored to the internal face 7 of the structure by arranging the fastening element 10 of the anchoring element 6 in the anchoring space of the stabilizing element 2.

L'espace d'ancrage et l'élément de fixation sont conformés de sorte à limiter les déplacements de l'élément de stabilisation sensiblement parallèles à la direction longitudinale de l'élément de stabilisation.The anchoring space and the fixing element are shaped so as to limit the movements of the stabilizing element substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element.

En particulier, les éléments de stabilisation et de fixation sont choisis de sorte que les dimensions dans la direction longitudinale de l'élément de stabilisation de l'espace d'ancrage de l'élément de stabilisation et de l'élément de fixation de l'élément d'ancrage soient sensiblement identiques.In particular, the stabilizing and fixing elements are chosen so that the dimensions in the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element of the anchoring space of the stabilizing element and the fixing element of the anchoring element are substantially identical.

Avantageusement, une fois l'élément de fixation disposé dans l'espace d'ancrage, l'élément de stabilisation ne présente plus de jeu ou encore la possibilité de déplacement dans une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction longitudinale de l'élément de stabilisation.Advantageously, once the fastening element disposed in the anchoring space, the stabilizing element has no play or the possibility of displacement in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilizing element.

Comme illustré sur la figure 2, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément de stabilisation 2 est conformé de sorte qu'au niveau de l'étranglement 20, un espace soit maintenu entre les deux parties longitudinales de l'élément de stabilisation.As illustrated on the figure 2 according to one embodiment of the invention, the stabilizing element 2 is shaped so that at the throat 20, a space is maintained between the two longitudinal parts of the stabilizing element.

Autrement dit, il n'y a pas de contact entre les parties longitudinales de l'élément de stabilisation au niveau de l'étranglement 20.In other words, there is no contact between the longitudinal parts of the stabilizing element at the throttle 20.

Avantageusement, cette absence de contact ou encore l'existence de cet espace entre les deux parties longitudinales de l'élément de stabilisation permet d'éviter le dépôt de gouttes de zinc lors des étapes de galvanisation des éléments de stabilisation.Advantageously, this absence of contact or the existence of this space between the two longitudinal parts of the stabilizing element makes it possible to prevent the deposition of zinc drops during the galvanization steps of the stabilizing elements.

En effet, le milieu dans lequel la durée d'utilisation de la structure en sol renforcé pouvant être longue, par exemple être comprise entre 10 et 120 ans, il peut être nécessaire de galvaniser les éléments de stabilisation avant de les disposer dans l'ouvrage.Indeed, the medium in which the duration of use of the reinforced soil structure can be long, for example be between 10 and 120 years, it may be necessary to galvanize the stabilizing elements before disposing in the book .

Selon un mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 1, l'élément saillant 8 de l'élément d'ancrage 6 présente la forme d'une plaque s'étendant selon un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à la face interne 7 de l'ouvrage.According to an embodiment shown in figure 1 , the projecting element 8 of the anchoring element 6 has the shape of a plate extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the inner face 7 of the structure.

Selon l'invention, l'élément de fixation 10 peut être en continuité de matière avec l'élément saillant 8 ou encore être un élément rapporté venant s'intégrer dans un trou préalablement percé dans l'élément saillant 8.According to the invention, the fastening element 10 may be in continuity with the protruding element 8 or may be an insert which fits into a hole previously pierced in the projecting element 8.

Par exemple, l'élément de fixation 10 peut être un boulon ou une goupille.For example, the fastener 10 may be a bolt or pin.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention représenté à la figure 3, l'élément d'ancrage 6 peut comprendre deux éléments saillants sous forme de plaques comprenant des trous se correspondant.According to one embodiment of the invention shown in figure 3 , the anchoring element 6 may comprise two projecting elements in the form of plates comprising matching holes.

Les deux plaques s'étendent dans des plans sensiblement parallèles entre eux et perpendiculaires à la face interne de l'ouvrage.The two plates extend in planes substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the internal face of the structure.

Comme illustré sur les figures 4a et 4b, l'élément de stabilisation 2 peut comprendre un aplatissement au niveau de l'espace d'ancrage.As illustrated on Figures 4a and 4b , the stabilizing element 2 may comprise a flattening at the anchoring space.

Selon le mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 4b, l'élément d'ancrage comprendre deux éléments saillants sous forme de plaques comprenant des trous se correspondant.According to the embodiment shown in figure 4b , the anchoring element comprises two salient elements in the form of plates comprising matching holes.

L'élément de stabilisation est disposé entre les deux plaques de l'élément d'ancrage de sorte à ce que la zone d'ancrage soit en contact avec lesdites plaques.The stabilizing element is disposed between the two plates of the anchoring element so that the anchoring zone is in contact with said plates.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention dans lequel l'élément saillant 8 de l'élément d'ancrage 6 présente la forme d'une plaque s'étendant selon un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à la face interne 7 de l'ouvrage, l'élément de stabilisation peut être disposé de sorte à ce que ledit aplanissement soit au moins en partie en contact avec ladite plaque.According to another embodiment of the invention in which the projecting element 8 of the anchoring element 6 has the shape of a plate extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the inner face 7 of the structure, the stabilizing element may be arranged so that said planarization is at least partly in contact with said plate .

Avantageusement, le contact entre l'aplanissement au niveau de l'espace d'ancrage de l'élément de stabilisation avec l'élément saillant permet de réduire ou d'annuler la pénétration de la corrosion dans l'élément de stabilisation à l'endroit de ce contact.Advantageously, the contact between the planarization at the anchoring space of the stabilizing element and the projecting element makes it possible to reduce or cancel the penetration of corrosion into the stabilization element at the location of this contact.

L'invention n'est pas limitée par la forme de l'élément d'ancrage en particulier l'élément d'ancrage peut comprendre deux plaques en forme de L faisant saillie par rapport à la face interne de l'ouvrage ou encore une plaque en forme de poire comme illustrée sur la figure 3.The invention is not limited by the shape of the anchoring element, in particular the anchoring element may comprise two L-shaped plates projecting from the internal face of the structure or a plate pear shaped as illustrated on the figure 3 .

Selon un mode de réalisation non représenté de l'invention, le parement peut être réalisé à base de treillis métallique sur lequel l'élément d'ancrage 6 est fixé.According to a not shown embodiment of the invention, the facing may be made based on wire mesh on which the anchoring element 6 is fixed.

Selon un mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 5, l'ouvrage en sol renforcé selon l'invention peut être un ouvrage en sol renforcé devant une paroi préexistante. Selon ce mode de réalisation, la paroi peut représenter une face interne de l'ouvrage en sol renforcé et comprendre des éléments d'ancrage 32 faisant saillie par rapport à ladite paroi.According to an embodiment shown in figure 5 , the reinforced soil structure according to the invention may be a reinforced soil structure in front of a pre-existing wall. According to this embodiment, the wall may represent an internal face of the structure in reinforced soil and include anchoring elements 32 projecting from said wall.

Les éléments d'ancrage et les éléments de stabilisation peuvent être conformes à ceux décrits en rapport avec les modes de réalisation décrits précédemment.The anchoring elements and the stabilizing elements may be in accordance with those described with respect to the previously described embodiments.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les éléments de stabilisation peuvent être ancrés à plusieurs faces internes de l'ouvrage. Par exemple, dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 4, les éléments de stabilisation peuvent être ancrés à la face interne définie par le parement et à la face interne définie par la paroi.According to one embodiment, the stabilizing elements can be anchored to several internal faces of the structure. For example, in the embodiment of the figure 4 , the stabilizing elements can be anchored to the inner face defined by the facing and the inner face defined by the wall.

Les éléments de stabilisation selon l'invention peuvent être obtenus par un procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • cintrage d'une barre métallique en forme d'épingle à cheveux pour former la partie coudée,
  • forgeage à mi-chaud pour former l'étranglement, et
  • soudure éventuelle des parties transversales.
The stabilizing elements according to the invention can be obtained by a process comprising the following steps:
  • bending a metal bar in the form of a hairpin to form the bent portion,
  • half-hot forging to form the throttle, and
  • possible welding of the transverse parts.

Les éléments de stabilisation selon l'invention peuvent également être obtenus par un procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • pli à 90° de deux barres en acier en leurs extrémités,
  • soudage bout-à-bout des deux barres métallique ainsi pliées,
  • forgeage à mi-chaud pour former l'étranglement et permettre de recuire l'acier autour du point de soudure, et
  • soudure éventuelle des parties transversales.
The stabilizing elements according to the invention can also be obtained by a process comprising the following steps:
  • 90 ° fold of two steel bars at their ends,
  • end-to-end welding of the two metal bars thus folded,
  • half-hot forging to form the throat and allow annealing of the steel around the weld spot, and
  • possible welding of the transverse parts.

On comprendra que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation particuliers qui ont été décrits ci-dessus, de nombreuses variantes pouvant être conçues sans sortir de la portée définies par les revendications jointes. En particulier, la manière dont l'élément d'ancrage est fixé au parement et/ou à la paroi n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits.It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments which have been described above, many variants being conceivable without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims. In particular, the manner in which the anchoring element is attached to the cladding and / or the wall is not limited to the described embodiments.

Claims (11)

  1. Reinforced earth structure, comprising:
    - backfill,
    - a facing (4) placed along the front face of the structure,
    - an anchoring element (6) including a projecting element (8) which projects relative to an inner face of the structure and an attachment element (10), and
    - a stabilization element (2) including at least two longitudinal portions (14, 16) continuously connected together by an elbow portion (18), said elbow portion being delimited by a neck (20) in said longitudinal portions, said neck forming, together with said elbow portion, an anchoring space suitable for receiving the attachment element of the anchoring element,
    wherein
    the stabilization element (2) is anchored to said inner face of the structure by placing the attachment element (10) of the anchoring element (6) in the anchoring space of the stabilization element,
    the anchoring space and the attachment element being shaped so as to limit the movements of the stabilization element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilization element (2).
  2. Reinforced earth structure according to claim 1, wherein the stabilization and attachment elements are configured so that the dimensions, in the longitudinal direction of the stabilization element, of the anchoring space of said stabilization element and of the attachment element of the anchoring element are substantially identical.
  3. Reinforced earth structure according to either of claims 1 or 2, wherein a space exists at the neck between said longitudinal portions of the stabilization element.
  4. Reinforced earth structure according to any of the above claims, wherein the stabilization element comprises crosspieces connecting the longitudinal portions together.
  5. Reinforced earth structure according to any of the above claims, wherein the projecting element (8) is in the form of a plate extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the inner face of the structure.
  6. Reinforced earth structure according to claim 5, wherein the stabilization element (2) comprises a flattened area at the anchoring space, said flattened area being at least partially in contact with the plate forming the projecting element.
  7. Reinforced earth structure according to any of the above claims, wherein the attachment element (10) is distinct mounted part.
  8. Reinforced earth structure according to any of the above claims, wherein the projecting element comprises two plates extending in planes substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the inner face of the structure, the stabilization element comprising a flattened area at the anchoring space, said flattened area being arranged between the two plates of the projecting element so as to be at least partially in contact with said plates.
  9. Stabilization element (2) suitable for stabilizing a reinforced earth structure according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising at least two longitudinal portions (14, 16) continuously connected together by an elbow portion (18), said elbow portion being delimited by a neck (20) in said longitudinal portions, said neck forming, together with said elbow portion, an anchoring space suitable for receiving an attachment element so as to limit the movements of the stabilization element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilization element (2), wherein crosspieces connect the longitudinal portions together.
  10. Method for constructing a reinforced earth structure, wherein:
    - a facing is placed along a front face of the structure, delimiting a volume to be filled in, said facing including an anchoring element (6) comprising a projecting element (8) which projects relative to the rear face of the facing (4) and an attachment element (10),
    - a stabilization element is placed within an area of said volume, the stabilization element (2) comprising at least two longitudinal portions (14, 16) continuously connected together by an elbow portion (18), said elbow portion being delimited by a neck (20) in said longitudinal portions, said neck forming, together with said elbow portion, an anchoring space suitable for receiving the attachment element of the anchoring element,
    - the stabilization element is anchored to the facing by placing the attachment element (10) of the anchoring element (6) in the anchoring space of the stabilization element,
    - backfill material (1) is placed within said volume and the backfill material (1) is compacted,
    the anchoring space and the attachment element being shaped so as to limit the movements of the stabilization element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilization element (2).
  11. Method for constructing a reinforced earth structure in front of a preexisting wall including an anchoring element (6) comprising a projecting element (8) which projects relative to said wall and an attachment element, wherein:
    - a facing is placed along a front face of the structure, delimiting a volume to be filled in,
    - a stabilization element is placed within an area of said volume, the stabilization element (2) comprising at least two longitudinal portions (14, 16) continuously connected together by an elbow portion (18), said elbow portion being delimited by a neck (20) in said longitudinal portions, said neck forming, together with said elbow portion, an anchoring space suitable for receiving the attachment element of the anchoring element,
    - the stabilization element is anchored to the wall by placing the attachment element (10) of the anchoring element (6) in the anchoring space of the stabilization element,
    - backfill material (1) is placed within said volume and the backfill material (1) is compacted,
    the anchoring space and the attachment element being shaped so as to limit the movements of the stabilization element in any direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilization element (2).
EP12718285.5A 2011-03-30 2012-03-30 Reinforced structures in the ground Not-in-force EP2691578B1 (en)

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PCT/FR2012/050694 WO2012131273A2 (en) 2011-03-30 2012-03-30 Reinforced structures in the ground

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MY166672A (en) 2018-07-18
US20140003869A1 (en) 2014-01-02
JP6018170B2 (en) 2016-11-02
BR112013024808A2 (en) 2016-12-20
US8979437B2 (en) 2015-03-17
ES2534381T3 (en) 2015-04-22
FR2973401B1 (en) 2014-05-16
WO2012131273A2 (en) 2012-10-04
EP2691578A2 (en) 2014-02-05
FR2973401A1 (en) 2012-10-05
AU2012236049A1 (en) 2013-10-24
WO2012131273A3 (en) 2013-07-18
AU2012236049B2 (en) 2017-05-11
RU2597894C2 (en) 2016-09-20
MX338398B (en) 2016-04-15
JP2014509698A (en) 2014-04-21
CA2830331A1 (en) 2012-10-04
RU2013148142A (en) 2015-05-10
ZA201307290B (en) 2014-12-23
PL2691578T3 (en) 2015-07-31
MX2013011159A (en) 2013-11-01

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