JP6476483B2 - Embankment resistor and construction method of embankment structure - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a resistor for filling and a method of constructing a filling structure.

As shown in Patent Document 1, a wall structure is prepared by stacking wall panels which are precast versions facing a slope, filling a filling material between the slope and the wall panel, and placing anchor bolts on the slope. The construction method is known.
As a method similar to the above construction method, although concrete is laminated between slopes and wall panels instead of embankment material, two bearing plates are installed on the head of anchor bolt and the outside of them There is also known a method of attaching the bearing plate of the present invention to the head of an anchor bolt protruded from a slope and embedding it in flowing concrete. (Patent Document 2)

Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2002-242186. Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2007-291707.

In the conventional method of constructing an embankment structure in which the two bearing plates described above are embedded inside the flowable concrete, there are the following problems as shown in FIG.
<1> One of the bearing plates, the inner bearing plate a is fixed to the slope c, and the second outer bearing plate b is a method of attaching to the head of the anchor bolt d protruding from the slope c .
<2> Therefore, on the entire surface of the slope c, a large number of anchor bolts d are projected from the bottom to the top.
<3> On the other hand, between the wall panel and the ground, it is necessary to carry out a lot of work such as lamination and placement of concrete and lightweight embankment, and in particular, a reinforcing material is laid on the connection surface of fluid concrete and lightweight embankment In such a case, the exposed part of a large number of anchor bolts d forested from the slope becomes an obstacle to their work and is also dangerous.
<4> Furthermore, in the conventional construction method, not only the inner pressure bearing plate a in contact with the slope c is tightened with a nut, but also the outer pressure bearing plate b positioned in the flowing concrete requires tightening of the nut from both sides . In other words, it is necessary to fasten the nut in three places.

In order to solve the problems as described above, the resistor for embankment according to the present invention piles up a wall panel which is a precast version facing the slope, fills the embankment between the slope and the wall panel, and anchors the slope A resistor used in a filling structure performed by driving a bolt, the fixing part being a plate attached to the exposed end of the anchor bolt from the slope, and the resistance part being a plate located in the filling; The fixing portion and the resistance portion are connected by a connecting portion, and the fixing portion and the connecting portion are rotatable in the vertical direction , and are fastened and integrally connected so that the connecting portion is disposed substantially horizontally. The resistance plate orthogonal to that is characterized in that it is configured to form a substantially vertical surface .
Further, the method of constructing the embankment structure according to the present invention is performed by stacking wall panels which are precast versions facing the slope, filling the embankment material between the slope and the wall panels, and placing anchor bolts on the slope. It is a construction method of a filling structure, and the anchor bolt is installed only by exposing the thickness which is the sum of the thickness of the nut, the thickness of the fixing portion of the resistor and the interference of the nut. At the exposed end, the fixing portion of the resistor is tightened and fixed with a nut, and the resistor plate of the resistor is positioned substantially vertically in the filling.

As described above, the method for constructing a resistor for a filling and a filling structure according to the present invention can obtain the following effects.
<1> The connecting portion and the fixing portion have a structure in which angle adjustment is possible by rotation and tightening. Therefore, even if the angle of the slope is different depending on the site, the resistance plate of the resistance portion can be set in a substantially vertical posture. Since the seismic load acts in the horizontal direction, the resistance plate installed in the vertical direction in the embankment can most effectively resist the seismic load.
<2> Since the anchor bolt placed on the slope prior to the process of filling is installed only by exposing the fastening dimension degree of the nut, as in the invention described in Patent Document 2, Long anchor bolts do not stand on slopes.
<3> Therefore, it does not become an obstacle of the worker who goes up and down the slope, and there is no danger when the worker slips or falls accidentally.
<4> When the height of the wall panel and the surface of the filling surface rise, the resistor can be attached to the short exposed end of the anchor bolt at that stage, so the attachment of the resistor is easy.

Explanatory drawing of the Example of the resistor of this invention. Explanatory drawing of the Example of a filling structure. Explanatory drawing of the other Example of a resistor. The perspective view of the Example of the wall surface panel to be used. Explanatory drawing of the problem of the conventional embankment structure.

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the structure and construction method of a resistor for earth filling according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<1> Basic composition of the embankment structure.
The embankment structure according to the present invention comprises a retaining wall R, an embankment material 4 and an anchor bolt 6. (Figure 2)
The retaining wall R is composed of at least a base block 1, a wall panel 3, and a tendon 2 connecting the upper and lower wall panels 3.
Here, as the filling material 4, not a fluid concrete but a lightweight lightweight filling material made of a mixture of coal ash (fly ash) or incineration ash, a solidifying material, a foaming agent and water is used.
In addition, it is possible to use an ash mixed embankment material obtained by mixing the coal ash, soil, and a consolidation material.
For the wall panel 3, it is also possible to use a precast concrete version which is reduced in weight using fly ash.

<2> Basic block.
Install foundation block 1 on the front ground of the planned embankment site.
The foundation block 1 is formed of cast-in-place concrete or precast concrete.
The foundation block 1 is fixed to the front ground by a fixing member such as an anchor member 5 if necessary.

<3> Tendon between panels.
The tendon 2 is a rod-like member for fastening between the wall panel 3 and the base block 1 or between the wall panel 3 at the lower stage and the wall panel 3 at the upper stage.
The tendon 2 may be, for example, a high-tensile steel suitable for prestressing, such as a threaded nodal profile steel bar for precast installation, a PC steel bar, a PC steel wire or a PC steel wire strand, etc. .
The tendon 2 can be extended by interposing a coupler or the like, but in the case of the non-penetrating wall panel 3 described later, it does not penetrate from the bottom to the top of the wall panel 3 and the upper and lower wall panels 3 It is also possible to use a short length of tendon 2 which restrains only between.

<4> Wall panel.
Next, the structure of the wall panel will be described.

<4-1> Vertical penetration type.
The wall panel 3 is a substantially rectangular plate made of reinforced concrete and precast concrete.
Through holes are formed in the panel 3 in the vertical direction to allow the tendon 2 to penetrate.
When the through hole forms a space for storing the connection nut in the lower part and a space for storing the plate in the upper part, the tension material 2 can be sequentially connected and extended by the coupler in the space.
The tendon 2 is penetrated through the through hole of the wall panel 3, and the tensor 2 is tensioned to the base block 1 or the lower wall panel 3 using a fixing jig such as a plate and a nut to connect the upper and lower wall panels 3 Fix it.
Due to this tension, the wall panel 3 can stand on the base block 1 and the lower wall panel 3.
The wall panel 3 may be a steel panel as well as a reinforced concrete plate or a precast concrete plate.

<4-2> Upper and lower non-penetrating type. (Figure 4)
It is also possible to use a panel in which the fastening shelf 31 is independently provided in the upper and lower two places on the back side of the wall panel 3.
The through hole 32 is opened only in the inside of the fastening shelf 31.
Then, if the tendon 2 is made to penetrate through the through holes 32 of the upper fastening shelf 31 of the lower panel 3 and the through holes 32 of the lower fastening shelf 31 of the upper panel 3 and tensioned with bolts, the upper and lower panels 3 , 3 can be integrated.

<5> Embankment material.
Between the wall surface panel 3 and the slope S, that is, the back surface of the wall surface panel 3, filling material 4 is filled instead of fluidized concrete and laminated.
As this embankment material 4, it is possible to use various soil qualities, mixed soil and fluidized treated soil, soil mixed with solidifying material, and the like.

<6> crack prevention material.
It is also possible to lay the anti-cracking material substantially horizontally at a predetermined layer thickness inside the filling layer made of the filling material 4.
As the anti-cracking material, for example, a steel material, a rustproofed wire mesh, a sheet material or a net made of a synthetic resin or a fiber can be used.
By laying the crack preventing material horizontally between the layers, the tensile resistance of the filling material 4 is increased by utilizing the frictional force or the adhesion acting between the crack preventing material and the filling material 4, and the inside of the filling material 4 is increased. The occurrence of cracks can be effectively prevented.
In addition, the overall shear strength of the composite embankment floor is significantly improved from the embankment material 4 and the crack preventing material.
In addition, the said crack prevention material can also be fixed to the said wall surface panel 3 back surface as needed.
However, the presence of the anti-cracking material is not essential, and depending on the situation, the configuration and function of the embankment structure of the present invention are established without laying.

<7> Anchor bolt.
Prior to the filling process, anchor bolts 6 are placed on the slope S on the ground side in advance to prevent the slope S from collapsing or falling.
The anchor bolt 6 inserts the anchor bolt into the drilled hole and then injects and fixes grout material.
Alternatively, the grout material can be injected first into the deep inside of the drilled hole and then the anchor bolt 6 can be inserted.
Since the entire length of the anchor bolt is fixed with grout, it is not necessary to tension the anchor bolt with a jack to apply a tensile force.
Various fixing methods for such anchor bolts 6 are known and put to practical use.
In that case, in the method of the present invention, the anchor bolt 6 is installed only by exposing the head about the size of the fastening size of the nut 61 and the thickness of the fixing portion of the resistor described later.
Therefore, as in the conventional construction method shown in FIG. 5, many long anchor bolts do not stand on a slope from the slope.
The fixing position of the anchor bolt 6 in the ground is located at the back of the ground deeper than the assumed sliding surface of the slope to achieve integration of the ground and the sliding soil mass.
After the grout material in the drilled hole is hardened, a fixing portion 71 of a resistor 7 to be described later is firmly fixed to the exposed end of the anchor bolt 6 with a nut 61 using a screw thread formed on the anchor bolt 6.
By this operation, the fixing portion 71 can be reliably installed on the ground surface by the anchor bolt.

<8> Resistor.
A resistor 7 is attached to the exposed end of the anchor bolt 6 in order to integrate the embankment material 4 accumulated between the wall surface panel 3 and the slope S with the ground on the inner side of the slope S.
The resistor 7 is a separate member from the anchor bolt 6, and after the anchor bolt 6 is installed on the ground, it is attached to the exposed end thereof.
Therefore, the exposed length of the anchor bolt 6 on the ground surface is sufficient with a short dimension of about the fastening margin of the nut 61 and the plate thickness of the fixing portion 71. Therefore, as described above, all anchor bolts are exposed long from the ground surface It does not need to be done, and it will not be a hindrance to subsequent work.

<9> Configuration of resistor.
The resistor 7 is a member manufactured of steel, concrete or the like.
The resistor 7 includes a fixing unit 71, a resistor unit 72, and a connecting unit 73.
In the case where the whole is a steel plate, it can be manufactured by bending a single steel plate or welding independent plates.
Alternatively, the whole can be manufactured as an integral part of the casting.
Alternatively, the fixing portion 71, the resistance portion 72, and the connecting portion 73 can be manufactured by fastening with bolts at a factory.
Alternatively, it can be manufactured as a single piece of concrete plate reinforced with reinforcing bars.
However, in either case, the fixing portion 71 and the connecting portion 73 are joined so as to be freely rotatable and fixed by the bolt 71 a and the nut.

<9-1> Fixing unit.
The fixing portion 71 is a plate for fixing the resistor 7 with the nut 61 at the exposed end of the anchor bolt 6 to the ground, and functions as a lid for preventing the outflow of mortar injected into the hole for inserting the anchor bolt 6 Also play.
In the fixing portion 71, a bolt hole having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the anchor bolt 6 and smaller than the outer diameter of the nut 61 is opened.
Alternatively, it is possible to form a long groove open at one end instead of an independent hole.
In the present invention, a long groove is also referred to as a "bolt hole" because it is used as a hole as a function.
The exposed end of the anchor bolt 6 is inserted into the bolt hole, and the nut 61 is tightened to the screw of the anchor bolt 6 to integrate the resistor 7 and the anchor bolt 6 via the nut 61.

<9-2> Resistance part.
The resistance portion 72 is a plate-like member located inside the filling material 4 to resist the movement of the filling material 4 and is made of a steel or concrete plate.
The resistance portion 72 is provided with a resistance plate 72a bent in a direction orthogonal to the central axis direction of the connecting portion which is a rod-like member.
Therefore, even if the angle of the slope S differs depending on the site, the connecting portion 73 can be disposed substantially horizontally, and the resistance plate 72a orthogonal thereto can form a substantially vertical surface.
By the way, the seismic load of the embankment material 4 laminated | stacked acts on a horizontal direction.
Therefore, the resistance plate 72 a located substantially vertically inside the filling material 4 most effectively resists the movement of the filling material 4.
The resistance portion 72 is not limited to one, and a plurality of plates may be configured to protrude from the connecting portion 73. (Figure 3)

<9-3> connection part.
The connection portion 73 is a member that connects the fixing portion 71 and the resistance portion 72, and may be a rectangular plate, a cylindrical shape, or the like.
The connection portion 73 and the resistance portion 72 can be integrated by fastening a bolt and a nut, or can be integrated by welding.
Alternatively, it can be integrally molded by a press or a casting.

<9-4> Fixing part and connecting part.
The fixing portion 71 and the connecting portion 73 of the resistor 7 are configured to be rotatable and fastened by the bolt 71 a and the nut.
The reason for rotatably fastening the two is that the angle of the slope S differs depending on the site.
If both are rotatably fastened by bolts 71a, the resistance plate 72a of the resistance portion 7 can be positioned almost vertically regardless of the angle of the slope S.
That is, if the fixing portion 71 and the connecting portion 73 are rotatable, the resistance plate 72 a of the resistance portion 72 is positioned almost vertically inside the embankment material 4 by positioning the connecting portion 73 horizontally.
Then, when a horizontal force acts on the filling material 4 even during an earthquake, the resistance plate 72a which is a plane orthogonal to that can most effectively resist the horizontal force of the filling material 4.
After the resistance plate 72a is positioned substantially vertically, the positions of the connecting portion 73 and the resistance portion 72 are maintained by tightening a nut on the bolt 71a.

<10> How to build.
Next, the method of constructing the embankment structure of the present invention using the above-mentioned members will be described.

<11> Foundation block installation.
First, the foundation block 1 is installed in the front ground of the planned embankment site.
In this case, the anchor member 5 is installed on the foundation block 1 and the anchor member 5 is tensioned to fix the foundation block 1 to the ground.
Further, a part of the tendon 2 is embedded in the base block 1 and the other end is projected upward.

<12> Fixing the wall panel.
The tendon 2 is tightened with a torque wrench to fix the wall panel 3 on the base block 1.
Then, in the same operation, the side surfaces of the wall panel 3 are sequentially made to be adjacent to each other and arranged in the lateral direction.

<13> Stacking of wall panels.
When the penetration type wall panel 3 is used, the tendon 2 is made to penetrate the through holes in the vertical direction of the wall panel 3 using a crane or the like, and the wall panels 3 are stacked.
When wall panels 3 having non-penetrating shapes in which fastening shelves 31 are provided at two locations, upper and lower, on the ground side as shown in FIG. 4, penetration of the fastening shelves 31 of the lower wall panel 3 is used. The tendon 2 is made to penetrate through the hole 32 and the through hole 32 of the fastening shelf 31 of the wall panel 3 at the upper stage thereof, and only between the upper and lower wall panels 3 is tightened.

<14> Anchor bolt installation.
Prior to or in parallel with the above operation, a hole is bored in the slope S of the ground, the anchor bolt 6 is inserted, and a mortar or the like is injected around it to fix it in the hole.
In this case, if mortar or the like is injected into the entire length of the anchor bolt, the anchor bolt 6 does not have an extension allowance, so there is no need to tension the anchor bolt 6 from the outside. There is no need for complicated work such as work.
Fixing of the anchor bolt 6 in the bored hole can adopt many known methods.
The anchor bolt 6 has a dimension in which only its head is exposed from the slope S, but not so long.
The exposed dimension is a dimension obtained by adding the thickness of the nut 61 to be fastened to the head of the anchor bolt 6, the thickness of the fixing portion 71 of the resistor 7, and a certain degree of interference.
The setting operation of the anchor bolt 6 can be performed in advance in order to maintain the overall stability of the slope S before the foundation block 1 is installed.
As described above, since only the head of the anchor bolt 6 protrudes from the slope at the stage when the setting process of the anchor bolt 6 is completed, the work of going up and down the slope thereafter, the panel It will not be an obstacle such as hanging and assembling work.

<15> Attachment of resistor.
The bolt hole of the fixing portion 71 of the resistor 7 is inserted into the exposed portion of the anchor bolt 6, and the nut 61 is tightened from the outside of the fixing portion 71.
Then, not only can the resistor 7 be fixed to the slope S, but the fixing portion 71 of the resistor 7 functions as a lid that prevents the outflow of mortar or the like filled in the hole.

Installation angle of <16> resistance part.
When one end of the connecting portion 73 is attached to the fixing portion 71, the connecting portion 73 is installed in a substantially horizontal posture, and a nut is tightened to a bolt 71a penetrating the connecting portion 73 and the fixing portion 71. Unify.
Although the resistor portion 72 and the connecting portion 73 are integrated in advance, in that case, the resistance plate 72 a of the resistor portion 72 maintains the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the connecting portion 73 of the rod-like body.
Therefore, even if the angle of the slope is different depending on the site, the connecting portion 73 can be installed almost horizontally, and as a result, the resistance plate 72a is positioned almost vertically.
The necessary condition here is not to position the connecting portion 73 horizontally, but to position the resistance plate 72a vertically.
Since the seismic load acts in particular in the horizontal direction, it can be most efficiently functioned by installing the resistance plate 72a at an angle orthogonal to the direction, that is, in a vertical posture.

<17> Embankment.
When the installation of the panel 3 is completed, the back side of the wall panel 3 is filled with a filling material 4 such as a fluidization filling material, for example, to form a single layer of lightweight filling.
In the case of the filling material 4 having high fluidity, it is pumped by a pump and discharged to the filling portion through a pipe.
If a highly fluid filling material 4 is used, construction is easy in a place where there is a risk of landslide, or in a place adjacent to a house or a general road, etc., and in a narrow place, and the construction time is significantly shortened. I will hear it.
Each of the wall panels 3 has a sufficient sealing property because it is integrated by the high tension force of the tendon 2.
In the filling process of the filling material 4, the resistor 7 is embedded inside the filling, but in this case, the resistance plate 72a of the resistance part 72 is positioned in the filling in a substantially vertical posture.

Laying of <18> crack prevention material.
If necessary, an anti-crack material made of a rustproofed wire mesh can be laid on the surface of the fluidized filling material 4 cast to a predetermined layer thickness.
Under the present circumstances, a crack prevention material can also be fixed to the connection metal fitting provided in the wall surface panel 3 back as needed.
Furthermore, a mesh material or the like can be fixed to the head of the anchor bolt 6 placed at a predetermined position on the slope S.
In addition, this laying is not an essential requirement, and depending on the situation, laying can be omitted.

<19> Stacking of wall panels.
When the penetration type wall panel 3 is used, another PC steel rod is connected to the tendon 2 to extend the length of the tendon 2 long.
Then, the wall panel 3 of the second stage is installed on the wall panel 3 of the lowermost stage, and the torque wrench is tensioned.
When non-penetrating wall panels 3 as shown in FIG. 4 are used, they can be stacked in the vertical direction by fastening only between the lower wall panel 3 and the fastening shelf 31 of the upper wall panel 3 with the tendon 2 be able to.
After the wall panel 3 is fastened, a filling material 4 made of a fluidizing filling material is further filled behind the wall panel 3.

<20> Repetition of work.
Thereafter, the tendons 2 and the wall panels 3 are arranged in series for a predetermined number of steps, and the filling material 4 with high fluidity is filled on the back side of the wall panels 3.
This operation is sequentially repeated to construct an embankment structure of a predetermined height and extension.
In addition, after putting concrete in the top of the above-mentioned embankment layer, asphalt roadbed C may be laid and a road may be formed.

<21> Other construction examples.
The construction method of the embankment structure of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment of the embankment structure described above, and is also applied to construction of general roads such as highways and general national roads, construction of road bodies of railway construction, etc. can do.

1: Foundation block 2: Connecting member 3: Wall panel 4: Embankment material 6: Anchor bolt 7: Resistance body 71: Fixing portion 72: Resistance portion 72a: Resistance plate 73: Connection portion

Claims (3)

It is a resistor used for the embankment structure which piles up a wall panel which is a precast version facing a slope, fills an embankment material between the slope and the wall panel, and places an anchor bolt on the slope.
A fixing portion which is a plate attached to the exposed end of the anchor bolt from the slope;
A resistance portion which is a plate located in the filling,
A connecting part connecting the fixing part and the resistance part
The fixing portion and the connecting portion can be rotatably and vertically connected in a vertical direction , and the connecting portion can be disposed substantially horizontally and the resistance plate orthogonal thereto can form a substantially vertical surface. characterized by being configured to,
Embankment resistor. When the above-mentioned resistance part is installed inside the filling material,
The resistance portion is characterized by including a resistance plate which forms a substantially vertical surface when the connection portion is disposed substantially horizontally.
The resistor for earth filling according to claim 1. It is a construction method of the embankment structure which piles up a wall surface panel which is a precast version facing a slope, fills an embankment material between the slope and the wall panel, and places an anchor bolt on the slope.
The anchor bolt is installed with its head exposed only by the dimension obtained by adding the thickness of the nut, the thickness of the fixing portion of the resistor according to claim 1 and the interference of the nut,
Fixing the fixing portion of the resistor according to claim 1 with a nut and fixing it to the exposed end,
Position the resistance plate of the resistor almost vertically in the embankment,
How to build the embankment structure.

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