EP4132303B1 - Wasserstrahlverfestigtes filtermaterial für rauchartikel mit verbessertem dehnungsverhalten - Google Patents

Wasserstrahlverfestigtes filtermaterial für rauchartikel mit verbessertem dehnungsverhalten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4132303B1
EP4132303B1 EP21733956.3A EP21733956A EP4132303B1 EP 4132303 B1 EP4132303 B1 EP 4132303B1 EP 21733956 A EP21733956 A EP 21733956A EP 4132303 B1 EP4132303 B1 EP 4132303B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydroentangled nonwoven
hydroentangled
transverse direction
fibers
segment
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EP21733956.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4132303A1 (de
Inventor
Dietmar Volgger
Stefan Bachmann
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Delfortgroup AG
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Delfortgroup AG
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/20—Cigarettes specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
    • A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/17—Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter material suitable for producing a segment in a smoking article, which has favorable plastic expansion behavior in the transverse direction, so that segments for smoking articles can be produced therefrom in an efficient manner.
  • the invention also relates to a segment for a smoking article made from this filter material.
  • Smoking articles are typically rod-shaped articles that consist of at least two rod-shaped segments arranged one after the other.
  • One segment contains a material that is capable of forming an aerosol when heated and at least one further segment serves to influence the properties of the aerosol.
  • the smoking article can be a filter cigarette, in which a first segment contains the aerosol-forming material, in particular tobacco, and in which a further segment is designed as a filter and serves to filter the aerosol.
  • the aerosol is generated by burning the aerosol-forming material, and the filter primarily serves to filter the aerosol and to provide the filter cigarette with a defined draw resistance.
  • the smoking article can also be a so-called tobacco heater, in which the aerosol-forming material is only heated but not burned. This reduces the number and amount of harmful substances in the aerosol.
  • a smoking article also consists of at least two, but more often of more, in particular four, segments.
  • a segment contains the aerosol-forming material, which typically includes tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, or tobacco prepared by other processes. Further, partly optional segments in the smoking article serve to forward the aerosol, cool the aerosol or filter the aerosol.
  • the segments are usually covered by a covering material. Paper is very often used as a wrapping material.
  • segment is understood to mean the segment of a smoking article that does not contain the aerosol-forming material, but rather serves, for example, to forward, cool or filter the aerosol.
  • paper filter segments have not yet found widespread use is also their visual appearance.
  • the cut surface of the segment located at the mouth end is often visible, and the consumer is used to a white, homogeneous surface from the usual segments made of cellulose acetate, in which the individual cut fibers are hardly visible.
  • Paper segments on the other hand, have a coarse structure, which apparently gives the consumer the impression of lower quality. Therefore, paper segments are often only used as a sub-segment in a multi-segment filter, so that the consumer cannot see the cut surface.
  • the segment located at the end of the mouth then often continues to consist of Cellulose acetate. Because of these optical defects, the biodegradability advantages of a paper segment cannot be fully exploited.
  • a filter material with a high proportion of wood pulp fibers can be produced in the form of a hydroentangled nonwoven without the structure of the nonwoven becoming too dense or too compact.
  • a corresponding filter material which can be seen as a starting point for the present invention, is in the unpublished international application PCT/ EP2019/085125 described. This unpublished application also describes folding or crimping the filter material in order to form an endless strand of folded or crimped filter material, which is subsequently covered with wrapping paper and cut into individual rods of a defined length in order to form the segments mentioned.
  • this pattern may be a line pattern oriented in the machine direction of the web.
  • embossed lines stretch and deform the web in the direction orthogonal to the machine direction, the transverse direction, so that an endless strand can then be more easily formed by pushing the web together in the transverse direction.
  • EP3385425A1 describes a nonwoven fabric made of cellulose fibers that is produced directly from a Lyocell spinning solution.
  • the fabric comprises a network of substantially continuous fibers, the fabric having an oil absorption capacity of at least 1900% by mass. Furthermore, a method and an apparatus for producing such a substance, a product or a composite containing such a substance and various possible uses for such a substance are described.
  • DE 12 95 453 B discloses a tobacco product filter made of a covered fiber strand produced by gathering a fiber fleece, the fiber fleece having, in a manner known per se, a proportion of fibers distorted transversely to the direction of travel, but this proportion of transversely distorted fibers has such a size that the not yet covered fiber strand per unit length has a volume that is at least 2:1 larger than a fiber strand produced in the same way from a fiber fleece of the same weight without cross-distorted fibers.
  • EP2228209A1 discloses an elastic laminate, in particular for elastic diaper fastening elements, with outer layers made of nonwoven and an elastic film laminated at least in regions between the outer layers. At least one of the two outer layers consists of a nonwoven material that is stretchable in the transverse direction and solidified by water jets. The hydroentangled nonwoven fabric is pre-stretched in at least one axial direction in the area of the elastic film.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a web-shaped filter material for a smoking article that can be processed into a segment of a smoking article with high productivity and is otherwise as similar as possible to preferred filter materials in terms of its properties.
  • a filter material for producing a segment for a smoking article the filter material being a web-shaped hydroentangled fleece.
  • hydroentangled initially indicates the underlying manufacturing process, it should be taken into account that a hydroentangled nonwoven has characteristic structural properties that distinguish it from other nonwovens and which, to the knowledge of the inventors, cannot be achieved in an identical manner by another manufacturing process .
  • the strength of the hydroentangled fleece is achieved by the entanglement of the fibers.
  • a hydroentangled fleece has a particularly porous structure, which makes it particularly suitable as a filter material for segments of smoking articles.
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven contains at least 50% and at most 100% cellulose fibers, in each case based on the mass of the hydroentangled nonwoven, the hydroentangled nonwoven having a basis weight of at least 15 g/m 2 and at most 60 g/m 2 .
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven has a machine direction and a transverse direction lying orthogonally thereto in the plane of the web of the hydroentangled nonwoven.
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven has a characteristic plastic deformability in the transverse direction, which is characterized by the fact that in a tensile test in the transverse direction according to ISO 1924-2:2008, the non-linear portion of the deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled nonwoven up to half the elongation at break is at least 10% and at most 50 % of the total deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled fleece up to half the elongation at break.
  • This characteristic plastic deformability is more pronounced than is the case with conventional filter materials.
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven runs through the machine in one direction, the so-called machine direction, and the hydroentangled nonwoven has a direction orthogonal to the machine direction and lying in the web plane of the hydroentangled nonwoven, the transverse direction.
  • the hydroentangled fleece is preferably crimped.
  • the hydroentangled fleece is passed through, for example, two rollers provided with a pattern, which emboss this pattern onto the web.
  • this pattern is a line pattern oriented in the machine direction of the web.
  • the embossed lines stretch and deform the hydroentangled nonwoven in the direction orthogonal to the machine direction, the transverse direction. A filter material deformed in this way can be pushed together more easily in the transverse direction, thus creating an endless strand for producing the segments.
  • a problem with this method is that the two rollers have to exert a high stretch in the transverse direction on the web in order to achieve the desired deformation of the hydroentangled nonwoven, and there is therefore a risk that the hydroentangled nonwoven will tear in the transverse direction .
  • the person skilled in the art might now be tempted to increase the elongation at break of the hydroentangled nonwoven in the transverse direction so that the hydroentangled nonwoven tolerates larger deformations without tearing.
  • the inventors have recognized that this does not solve the problem, because in order to achieve permanent deformation in the transverse direction, the elongation must then be increased even further, so that the risk of exceeding the breaking load in the transverse direction increases even further.
  • the stretching in the transverse direction to which the hydroentangled fleece is exposed during crimping causes a permanent, plastic and not an elastic deformation. If such a plastic deformation can be achieved with a greater distance between the rollers during crimping, the risk of the hydroentangled fleece tearing in the transverse direction during processing is reduced. In general, it should be sufficient to stretch the hydroentangled fleece in the transverse direction to about half of its elongation at break.
  • hydroentangled fleece can be equipped with a structure using suitable processes that allows good plastic deformability in the transverse direction and thus simplifies crimping. Suitable methods for this are explained below.
  • This plastic deformability in the transverse direction can be characterized by a tensile test in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008.
  • a tensile test In this tensile test, a strip with a width of 15 mm is taken from the sample in the transverse direction and stretched at a speed of 20 mm/min until it breaks. The strain ⁇ and the applied force F are recorded, resulting in a force-strain curve F( ⁇ ). The elongation at break ⁇ b and the tensile strength F( ⁇ b ) are also recorded.
  • This deformation energy consists of an elastic and a plastic portion.
  • the elastic deformation decreases after relief, so it does not contribute to the crimping result.
  • the plastic deformation is irreversible, so that a good crimping result can be expected even with slight stretching by the two rollers if the proportion of the plastic deformation energy to the total deformation energy is higher than with comparable filter materials from the prior art.
  • Elastic deformation is generally associated with a proportionality between strain and force.
  • Fig. 1 The diagram shown can be illustrated, for example, when carrying out a tensile test in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008.
  • the elongation ⁇ is plotted on the x-axis 10, while the force F( ⁇ ) required to generate this elongation is plotted on the y-axis 11.
  • the strain ⁇ is increased at a rate of 20 mm/min and at the same time the force F( ⁇ ) is measured, whereby the force-strain curve 13 is created.
  • the elongation is increased until the sample tears in state 14, and from this the elongation at break ⁇ b and the tensile strength F( ⁇ b ) are determined.
  • the hydroentangled fleece When producing a segment from the hydroentangled fleece, the hydroentangled fleece can be loaded in places, for example, up to approximately half the elongation at break ⁇ b /2, point 15, with the associated force F ( ⁇ b /2), so that state 16 is reached.
  • Line 17 connecting points 12 and 16 would represent fictitious linear elastic behavior and the linear deformation energy E lin corresponds to the area of the triangle formed by points 12, 16 and 15.
  • the total deformation energy E corresponds to the area enclosed by the lines from point 12 to point 15, from point 15 to point 16 and line 13 from point 16 to point 12.
  • the nonlinear component E nl of the deformation energy which is used in the context of the invention to characterize the hydroentangled nonwoven according to the invention, corresponds to the area that is delimited by lines 17 and 13, each between points 12 and 16. The more the force-strain curve bends upwards and the more it deviates from a fictitious linear elastic behavior, the greater the potential for plastic and therefore irreversible deformation.
  • the elongation in the transverse direction during crimping can of course deviate from half the elongation at break, and the non-linear portion of the deformation energy can deviate up to half the elongation at break
  • Fig. 2 Shows for comparison Fig. 2 the behavior of a typical conventional filter material not according to the invention.
  • a tensile test according to ISO 1924-2:2008 is carried out on a sample in the transverse direction.
  • the elongation ⁇ is plotted on the x-axis 20, while the force F( ⁇ ) required to generate this elongation is plotted on the y-axis 21.
  • the strain ⁇ is increased at a rate of 20 mm/min and at the same time the force F( ⁇ ) is measured, whereby the force-strain curve 23 is created.
  • the elongation is increased until the sample tears in state 24 and from this the elongation at break ⁇ b and the tensile strength F( ⁇ b ) are determined.
  • the hydroentangled fleece When producing a segment from the hydroentangled fleece, the hydroentangled fleece can, for example, be loaded with the associated force F ( ⁇ b /2) up to approximately half the elongation at break ⁇ b /2, point 25, so that state 26 is reached.
  • the line 27 connecting points 22 and 26 would represent linear elastic behavior and the associated deformation energy E lin corresponds to the area of the triangle formed by points 22, 26 and 25.
  • the total deformation energy E corresponds to the area enclosed by the lines from point 22 to point 25, from point 25 to point 26 and line 23 from point 26 to point 22.
  • the nonlinear component E nl of the deformation energy corresponds to the area that is delimited by lines 27 and 23, each between points 22 and 26. It can be seen that with very similar elongation at break and a very similar linear proportion of the deformation energy, the proportion of non-linear deformation energy is significantly lower. Such a hydroentangled fleece will therefore react to the deformation primarily elastically and, after relief, will essentially recover the entire deformation.
  • the hydroentangled fleece according to the invention contains cellulose fibers. According to the inventors' findings, the cellulose fibers are necessary to provide the hydroentangled nonwoven with sufficient strength so that it can be processed into a segment. According to the invention, the proportion of cellulose fibers in the hydroentangled fleece is at least 50% and at most 100% of the mass of the hydroentangled fleece, but preferably at least 60% and at most 100% and particularly preferably at least 70% and at most 95%, in each case based on the mass of the hydroentangled fleece .
  • the cellulose fibers can be cellulose fibers or fibers of regenerated cellulose or mixtures thereof.
  • the pulp fibers are preferably obtained from softwoods, hardwoods or other plants such as hemp, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, kapok, coconut, abaca, sisal, bamboo, cotton or esparto grass. Mixtures of cellulose fibers from different origins can also be used to produce the hydroentangled fleece.
  • the pulp fibers are particularly preferably obtained from softwoods because even a small proportion of such fibers give the hydroentangled fleece good strength.
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven according to the invention can contain fibers made from regenerated cellulose.
  • the proportion of fibers made of regenerated cellulose is preferably at least 5% and at most 50%, particularly preferably at least 10% and at most 45% and very particularly preferably at least 15% and at most 40%, in each case based on the mass of the hydroentangled nonwoven.
  • the fibers made of regenerated cellulose are preferably at least partially, in particular more than 70%, formed by viscose fibers, modal fibers, Lyocell® fibers, Tencel® fibers or mixtures thereof. These fibers have good biodegradability and can be used to optimize the strength of the hydroentangled nonwoven and to adjust the filtration efficiency of the segment made from it for the smoking article. Due to their manufacturing process, they are less variable than cellulose fibers obtained from natural sources and help ensure that the properties of a segment made from the hydroentangled nonwoven vary less than if only cellulose fibers are used. However, their production is more complex and they are usually more expensive than cellulose fibers.
  • the basis weight of the hydroentangled nonwoven is at least 15 g/m 2 and at most 60 g/m 2 , preferably at least 18 g/m 2 and at most 55 g/m 2 and particularly preferably at least 20 g/m 2 and at most 50 g/m 2 .
  • the basis weight influences the tensile strength of the hydroentangled nonwoven, with a higher basis weight generally leading to higher strength.
  • the basis weight should not be too high because then the hydroentangled fleece can no longer be processed at high speed into segments for smoking articles.
  • the information refers to a basis weight measured according to ISO 536:2019.
  • the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled fleece up to half the elongation at break is at least 10% and at most 50% of the total deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled fleece up to half the elongation at break.
  • the non-linear proportion of the deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled fleece up to half the elongation at break is preferably at least 15% and at most 40% of the total deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled fleece up to half the elongation at break and particularly preferably the non-linear proportion is at least 15% and at most 35%, and in particular at least 18% and at most 32%.
  • a very good crimping result can be achieved with moderate stretching and the risk of the hydroentangled fleece tearing in the transverse direction is particularly low.
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven according to the invention can contain additives such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), polyvinyl alcohol, waxes, fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates, chitosan, wet strength agents or substances for adjusting the pH, such as organic ones or contain inorganic acids or alkalis to adjust specific properties.
  • additives such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), polyvinyl alcohol, waxes, fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates, chitosan, wet strength agents or substances for adjusting the pH, such as organic ones or contain inorganic acids or alkalis to adjust specific properties.
  • additives such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succ
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven according to the invention can alternatively or additionally also contain one or more additives which are selected from the group consisting of citrates, such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate, malates, tartrates, acetates, such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gluconates, glycolates , lactates, oxyalates, salicylates, ⁇ -hydroxycaprylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides and bicarbonates, and mixtures thereof.
  • citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate
  • malates tartrates
  • acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate
  • nitrates succinates
  • fumarates gluconates
  • glycolates glycolates
  • lactates glycolates
  • salicylates ⁇ -hydroxycaprylates
  • phosphates polyphosphates
  • the expert is able to determine the type and amount of such additives based on his or her experience.
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven according to the invention can also comprise other substances which better adapt the filtration efficiency of the hydroentangled nonwoven to that of cellulose acetate.
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven according to the invention comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of triacetin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and tri-ethyl citrate or mixtures thereof.
  • the cellulose fibers are loaded with a filler, the filler particularly preferably being formed by mineral particles and in particular calcium carbonate particles. Since the structure of the hydroentangled nonwoven is very porous, it is not suitable for holding fillers, so it is advantageous to load the cellulose fibers with the fillers and thus fix them in the structure of the hydroentangled nonwoven. Fillers can be used to give the hydroentangled fleece special properties.
  • the thickness of a layer of the hydroentangled nonwoven is preferably at least 25 ⁇ m and at most 1000 ⁇ m, preferably at least 30 ⁇ m and at most 800 ⁇ m and particularly preferably at least 35 ⁇ m and at most 600 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness influences the amount of hydroentangled web that can be packed into the segment of the smoking article and thus the draw resistance and filtration efficiency of the segment, but also the processability of the hydroentangled web, particularly when it is crimped or folded to produce a segment for a smoking article.
  • a thickness that is too high is unfavorable and thicknesses in the preferred and particularly preferred intervals allow the hydroentangled fleece according to the invention to be processed particularly well into a segment of a smoking article.
  • the mechanical properties of the hydroentangled nonwoven are important for the processing of the hydroentangled nonwoven according to the invention into a segment of a smoking article.
  • the width-related tensile strength of the hydroentangled nonwoven in the transverse direction is preferably at least 0.05 kN/m and at most 5 kN/m, particularly preferably at least 0.07 kN/m and at most 4 kN/m.
  • the elongation at break of the hydroentangled nonwoven in the transverse direction is therefore preferably at least 0.5% and at most 50% and particularly preferably at least 0.8% and at most 40%.
  • the elongation at break is primarily determined by the length of the fibers, with longer fibers leading to higher elongation at break can thus be adapted over a wide range to the specific requirements of the hydroentangled nonwoven.
  • Segments for smoking articles according to the invention can be produced from the hydroentangled fleece according to the invention using methods known per se from the prior art. These methods include, for example, crimping the hydroentangled web, forming an endless strand from the crimped hydroentangled web, covering the endless strand with a wrapping material, and cutting the covered strand into individual rods of defined length. In many cases, the length of such a rod is an integer multiple of the length of the segment that is then to be used in the smoking article according to the invention, and therefore the rods are cut into segments of the desired length before or during manufacture of the smoking article.
  • the segment for smoking articles according to the invention comprises the hydroentangled fleece according to the invention and a wrapping material.
  • the segment comprises a hydroentangled fleece pushed together in the transverse direction and a wrapping material, the hydroentangled fleece containing at least 50% and at most 100% cellulose fibers, in each case based on the mass of the hydroentangled fleece.
  • the hydroentangled fleece has a basis weight of at least 15 g/m 2 and at most 60 g/m 2 . To determine the basis weight, the area of the hydroentangled fleece is taken as a basis when it is spread out (i.e. no longer pushed together).
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven has a transverse direction in which the hydroentangled nonwoven is pushed together. To make it easier to push the hydroentangled fleece together, it can be pre-shaped by crimping or folding.
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven has a characteristic plastic deformability in the transverse direction in the non-collapsed state, which is characterized by the fact that in a tensile test in the transverse direction according to ISO 1924-2:2008, the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled nonwoven up to half the elongation at break is at least 10 % and a maximum of 50% of the to The total deformation energy absorbed by the hydroentangled fleece is equal to half the elongation at break.
  • the segment is cylindrical with a diameter of at least 3 mm and at most 10 mm, particularly preferably at least 4 mm and at most 9 mm and most preferably at least 5 mm and at most 8 mm. These diameters are favorable for using the segments according to the invention in smoking articles.
  • the segment has a length of at least 4 mm and at most 40 mm, particularly preferably at least 6 mm and at most 35 mm and most preferably at least 10 mm and at most 28 mm.
  • the pulling resistance of the segment determines, among other things, what pressure difference the consumer has to apply when using the smoking article in order to generate a certain volume flow through the smoking article, and therefore has a significant influence on the consumer's acceptance of the smoking article.
  • the tensile resistance of the segment can be measured according to ISO 6565:2015 and is given in mm water column (mmWG). To a very good approximation, the tensile resistance of the segment is proportional to the length of the segment, so that the tensile resistance can also be measured on rods that only differ from the segment in length. From this, the tensile resistance of the segment can be easily calculated.
  • the tensile resistance of the segment per length of the segment is preferably at least 1 mmWG/mm and at most 12 mmWG/mm and particularly preferably at least 2 mmWG/mm and at most 10 mmWG/mm.
  • the wrapping material of the segment according to the invention is preferably a paper or a film.
  • the wrapping material of the segment according to the invention preferably has a basis weight according to ISO 536:2019 of at least 20 g/m 2 and at most 150 g/m 2 , particularly preferably at least 30 g/m 2 and at most 130 g/m 2 .
  • a wrapping material with this preferred or particularly preferred basis weight gives the segment according to the invention covered with it a particularly advantageous hardness.
  • Smoking articles according to the invention can be produced from the segment according to the invention using methods known in the prior art.
  • the smoking article of the invention includes a segment containing an aerosol-forming material and a segment comprising the hydroentangled nonwoven fabric of the invention and a wrapping material.
  • the segment of the smoking article closest to the mouth end is a segment according to the invention.
  • the smoking article is a filter cigarette and the aerosol-forming material comprises tobacco.
  • the smoking article is a smoking article, in the intended use of which the aerosol-forming material is only heated but not burned, and the aerosol-forming material preferably comprises a material selected from the group consisting of tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, nicotine, glycerol, propylene glycol or mixtures from it.
  • the aerosol-forming material can also be in liquid form and located in a suitable container in the smoking article.
  • the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy according to the invention can be achieved by aligning the fibers in the hydroentangled nonwoven more strongly in the machine direction of the hydroentangled nonwoven. This can be achieved by the methods according to the invention described below.
  • Steps A1 and A2 can be carried out in such a way that the cellulose fibers in the finished hydroentangled nonwoven tend to be oriented more in the machine direction than in the transverse direction.
  • the water jets directed at the fiber web in step A2 cause the cellulose fibers to be swirled, whereby the structure that is conducive to the favorable plastic behavior in the transverse direction can be created.
  • the person skilled in the art understands the “pressure of the water jet” to mean the pressure that is used to generate the water jet, for example in a pressure chamber.
  • the water jets should be arranged close to one another in the transverse direction. Due to the proximity of the water jets hitting the fiber web at the same time, the water deviates in the machine direction rather than in the transverse direction and orients the fibers in this direction.
  • the pressure of the water jets can be reduced compared to the pressure normally used.
  • the distance and pressure of the water jets also depends significantly on the size of the openings from which the water jets emerge and, above all, on the speed of the fiber web, so that the expert can determine the specific value based on experience, based on the specific exemplary embodiments and can choose through simple experiments.
  • a large number of water jets are used to carry out the hydroentanglement in step A2, wherein the water jets are arranged in at least one row transverse to the machine direction of the fiber web.
  • the hydroentanglement in step A2 is effected by at least two rows of water jets directed onto the fiber web, with at least one row of water jets particularly preferably acting on each of the two sides of the fiber web.
  • the drying in step A3 is at least partially brought about by contact with hot air, by infrared radiation or by microwave radiation. Drying by direct contact with a heated surface is also possible, but is less preferred because the thickness of the hydroentangled nonwoven may decrease.
  • the hydroentangled fleece produced using this process is said to be suitable for use in segments for smoking articles. This means that it can in particular have all of the features, individually or in combination, which were described above in connection with the hydroentangled nonwoven and are defined in the claims directed to the hydroentangled nonwoven.
  • the fiber web is given the desired structure at least partially by the speed at which the suspension flows onto the rotating sieve in step B2 and the speed of the rotating sieve in step B2 being suitably coordinated with one another.
  • the speed at which the suspension flows onto the rotating sieve in step B2 should be smaller than the speed of the rotating sieve. Due to the difference in speed, the suspension is carried along by the sieve and shear forces arise in the suspension, which align the cellulose fibers in the machine direction and thus contribute to a structure of the hydroentangled nonwoven, which leads to the plastic deformability in the transverse direction according to the invention.
  • step B2 the suspension is applied to the rotating sieve at a speed that is only about 90% of the speed of the rotating sieve, for example between 88 % and 93% of the speed of the rotating sieve.
  • the aqueous suspension in step B1 has a solids content of at most 3.0%, particularly preferably at most 1.0%, very particularly preferably at most 0.2% and in particular at most 0.05%.
  • the particularly low solids content of the suspension allows a low-density fiber web to be formed in step B3, which has a positive effect on the filtration efficiency of a segment made from it.
  • the rotating wire of steps B2 and B3 is inclined upwards in the machine direction of the fiber web relative to the horizontal by an angle of at least 3° and at most 40°, particularly preferably by an angle of at least 5° and at most 30° and most preferably at an angle of at least 15° and at most 25°.
  • the method comprises a step in which a pressure difference is generated between the two sides of the rotating sieve in order to support the dewatering of the suspension in step B3, the pressure difference being particularly preferably generated by vacuum boxes or suitably shaped vanes.
  • the method comprises a further step in which one or more additives are applied to the fiber web.
  • the additives are preferably selected from the group consisting of alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA), polyvinyl alcohol, waxes, fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginates, chitosan, wet strength agents or substances for adjusting the pH, such as for example organic or inorganic acids or alkalis, and mixtures thereof.
  • one or more additives can also be applied, which are selected from the group consisting of citrates, such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate, malates, tartrates, acetates, such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gluconates, glycolates, lactates, Oxyalates, salicylates, ⁇ -hydroxycaprylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides and hydrogen carbonates, and mixtures thereof.
  • citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate
  • malates tartrates
  • acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate
  • nitrates succinates
  • fumarates gluconates
  • glycolates lactates
  • Oxyalates salicylates
  • ⁇ -hydroxycaprylates phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides and hydrogen carbonates, and mixtures thereof.
  • the one or more additives are applied between steps A2 and A3 of the method according to the invention or after step A3, followed by a further step of drying the fiber web.
  • hydroentangled nonwoven Some preferred embodiments of the hydroentangled nonwoven, the methods for producing the hydroentangled nonwoven, the segment for smoking articles and the smoking article are described below. Furthermore, a comparative example not according to the invention is described.
  • a suspension 31 of pulp fibers and fibers of regenerated cellulose was provided in a storage container 32, step B1, and from there pumped onto a rotating sieve 33 inclined upwards against the horizontal, step B2, and dewatered through vacuum boxes 39, step B3, so that a fiber web 34 formed on the sieve, the general direction of movement of which is indicated by the arrow 310.
  • steps B1 to B3 are concrete sub-steps of the general process step A1 (providing a fiber web comprising cellulose fibers).
  • the speed at which the sieve 33 moves was chosen to be approximately 10% higher than the speed of the suspension 31 flowing out of the storage container 32 in order to orient the fibers primarily in the machine direction.
  • the fiber web 34 was removed from the sieve 33 and transferred to a support sieve 35 which also runs around. There, water jets 311 arranged in several rows transversely to the machine direction of the fiber web 34 were directed onto the fiber web 34 from devices 36 in order to swirl the fibers and solidify the fiber web 34 into a nonwoven fabric, step A2. Continuing from step A2, additional devices 37 also directed water jets 312 to the other side of the fiber web 34.
  • the still-moist nonwoven then passed through a drying device 38 and was dried there, step A3, in order to obtain the hydroentangled nonwoven.
  • hydroentangled nonwoven a mixture of cellulose fibers from softwoods and Lyocell ® fibers was used, with the amounts of fibers chosen so that the finished hydroentangled nonwoven consisted of 65% cellulose fibers and 35% Lyocell ® fibers.
  • the finished hydroentangled fleece had a basis weight of 55 g/m 2 according to ISO 536:2019.
  • step A2 of the manufacturing process three rows of water jets, 311 in Fig. 3 , directed at the first side of the fiber web 34 and then a series of water jets, 312 in Fig. 3 , directed to the second side of the fiber web 34.
  • the pressure of the water jets was varied between 2 MPa and 40 MPa in three stages (low, medium, high) in order to obtain different hydroentangled nonwovens A, B and C according to the invention.
  • the diameter of the openings from which the water jets emerged varied in the rows and was chosen between 80 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m; the distance between the openings from center to center was 0.3 mm.
  • Comparative example D relates to the production of a filter material in a process which only contains steps B1 to B3 and A3, but not the step of hydroentanglement of the fiber web.
  • the filter material from comparative example D is not according to the invention in that it is not a hydroentangled fleece.
  • Comparative example D essentially serves to demonstrate that carrying out process steps B1 to B3 (as sub-steps of a preferred embodiment of process step A1) is in fact suitable for contributing to a structure that leads to a desired characteristic plastic deformability in the transverse direction, if in step B2 the suspension is applied to the rotating sieve at a reduced speed.
  • the filter material To produce the filter material, a mixture of cellulose fibers from softwoods and Lyocell ® fibers was used, with the amounts of fiber chosen so that the finished product Filter material consisted of 80% cellulose fibers and 20% Lyocell ® fibers. The finished filter material had a basis weight of 15 g/m 2 according to ISO 536:2019.
  • step B2 of the process the speed of the outflowing suspension was chosen to be approximately 10% lower than the speed of the rotating sieve.
  • step A1 (with reduced application speed of the suspension in step B2) used in exemplary embodiments A to C is not necessary in order to obtain the characteristic plastic deformability according to the invention in the transverse direction in the hydroentangled nonwoven. This can be seen from exemplary embodiment E described below.
  • a mixture of cellulose fibers from softwoods and Lyocell® fibers was used, the amounts of fibers being chosen so that the finished hydroentangled nonwoven consisted of 80% cellulose fibers and 20% Lyocell® fibers.
  • Step A1 was carried out without the pulp fibers in the fiber web first by carrying out step B2 to give a preferred direction transverse to the machine direction.
  • the finished hydroentangled fleece had a basis weight of 15 g/m 2 according to ISO 536:2019.
  • Step A2 of hydroentanglement takes place like step A2 of exemplary embodiment B.
  • a filter material not according to the invention the same mixture of fibers was used as in exemplary embodiment D.
  • the weight per unit area was still 15 g/m 2 , but only machine settings were used as are common in the production of conventional filter papers.
  • Paper-covered filter rods with a length of 100 mm and a diameter of 7.85 mm were made from each hydroentangled fleece of exemplary embodiments A to C and E and the filter material from comparative example Z.
  • the web width of the hydroentangled fleece or filter material and the machine settings during filter production were chosen so that a tensile resistance of 450 ⁇ 10 mmWG resulted.
  • Filter rods could be produced from the hydroentangled nonwovens from exemplary embodiments A to C and E and the filter material from comparative example Z. During production, however, it became apparent that in the case of the hydroentangled nonwovens of exemplary embodiments A to C and E, the crimping process was significantly less sensitive to changes in the machine settings and in particular to the setting of the distance between the rollers during crimping than in comparative example Z.
  • Filter cigarettes were produced from the segments of exemplary embodiments A to C and E and comparative example Z using a conventional method from the prior art. This manufacturing process went smoothly.
  • segments and smoking articles can be manufactured more reliably and easily from the hydroentangled fleece according to the invention than from conventional, hydroentangled fleeces or papers and that a better result can be achieved when crimping due to the favorable plastic expansion behavior.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
EP21733956.3A 2021-06-15 2021-06-15 Wasserstrahlverfestigtes filtermaterial für rauchartikel mit verbessertem dehnungsverhalten Active EP4132303B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2021/066102 WO2022262955A1 (de) 2021-06-15 2021-06-15 Wasserstrahlverfestigtes filtermaterial für rauchartikel mit verbessertem dehnungsverhalten

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EP4132303A1 EP4132303A1 (de) 2023-02-15
EP4132303B1 true EP4132303B1 (de) 2023-11-01

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EP (1) EP4132303B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR20240023097A (ko)
CN (1) CN117479851A (ko)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL256446A (ko) * 1959-10-02
EP2228209A1 (de) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-15 Nordenia Deutschland Gronau GmbH Elastisches Laminat, insbesondere für elastische Windelverschlusselemente
CA2949484C (en) 2014-05-23 2022-05-31 Greenbutts Llc Biodegradable cigarette filter tow and method of manufacture
EP3385425A1 (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with increased oil absorbing capability
EP3861159B1 (de) * 2019-12-13 2022-05-25 delfortgroup AG Wasserstrahlverfestigtes filtermaterial für rauchartikel

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WO2022262955A1 (de) 2022-12-22
CN117479851A (zh) 2024-01-30
EP4132303A1 (de) 2023-02-15

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