EP4127373B1 - Fire door - Google Patents

Description

FIELD OF INVENTION

The invention relates to a fire protection door for closing an opening of a traffic tunnel, comprising a door leaf which is formed from a thermally insulating inner body and a casing which encloses the inner body at least in the region of the surfaces of the inner body facing the outer surfaces of the door leaf, according to the preamble of claim 1.

STATE OF THE ART

Fire doors are designed to protect openings in fire-retardant or fire-resistant walls against the passage of fire. Fire doors used in traffic tunnels usually close off escape tunnels or technical rooms from the tunnel tube and thus protect people fleeing and technical installations in the event of a fire. In addition to the high temperatures caused by a possible fire, fire doors must also be able to withstand alternating suction and pressure loads. These occur because traffic tunnels usually have unfavorable aerodynamic conditions when a vehicle drives through at high speed.

In order to withstand the suction and pressure changes and at the same time offer protection against fire, fire doors are known from the state of the art that have a solid metal body that is covered with fire protection panels. DE 2657141 A1 discloses, for example, a fire protection door leaf comprising a metal frame and cover plates, wherein an inner region of the metal frame is foamed with aerated concrete.

A disadvantage of the fire doors known from the state of the art is that the high loads that occur in traffic tunnels due to exhaust gases and aggressive mountain water in combination with high humidity cause corrosion, which is why the fire door leaves are usually made of stainless steel. Such steels are difficult to process, susceptible to fatigue fractures and expensive. They also have a high thermal expansion, which has a detrimental effect on the dimensional stability of the fire door leaf in the event of a fire. Furthermore, the fire door is heavy when using stainless steel and can often only be opened manually with great effort.

The documents CN109723 491 a and KR 2016 0125065 A reveal additional fire doors.

TASK OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fire protection door which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and is easier to open than known designs, as well as being resistant to environmental influences and at the same time highly resilient to alternating suction and pressure loads. Furthermore, the fire protection door should be more cost-effective and easier to manufacture than known designs.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

These objects are achieved by the features of claim 1. Claim 1 relates to a fire protection door for closing an opening of a traffic tunnel comprising a door leaf which is formed from a thermally insulating inner body and a casing which encloses the inner body at least in the area of the surfaces of the inner body facing the outer surfaces of the door leaf. According to the invention, it is proposed that the casing is made from a mineral cast material and that a lattice-shaped reinforcement is embedded in the casing. A mineral cast material is characterized by low material costs, easy processing, low thermal expansion, high resistance to environmental influences and a lower mass compared to steel, for example. The door leaf of the fire protection door according to the invention is, however, reinforced with a lattice-shaped reinforcement, since a mineral cast material tends to crack when subjected to tensile or bending stresses. The lattice-shaped reinforcement is embedded in the casing on one side or both sides of the inner body and absorbs both tensile and compressive loads in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the door leaf. The outer surfaces of the door leaf are those surfaces of the door leaf that, when closed, extend over the wall opening closed by the door leaf and are usually perpendicular to the direction of passage.

The lattice-shaped reinforcement is cast in the cast material of the casing, which allows a high level of structural stability and an optimal connection to the cast material. The lattice-shaped design also enables the fire door according to the invention to be manufactured easily, as will be explained in more detail below. The fire door according to the invention is also characterized by a high level of resistance to environmental influences and to heat. The thermally insulating property mentioned with regard to the inner body means in the present context that the inner body in any case has a higher thermal insulation capacity than the casing. The structure provided according to the invention therefore aims to ensure the thermally insulating properties of the fire door primarily with the help of the inner body, and the structural stability primarily with the help of the casing, although the casing also contributes to the thermal insulation and the inner body to the structural stability.

Furthermore, the fire protection door according to the invention can be used due to the The significantly reduced mass makes it easier to open manually. In order to further reduce the mass of the door leaf and at the same time guarantee a high level of strength, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the lattice-shaped reinforcement is made of glass fibers and/or carbon fibers. Carbon fibers in particular have a high tensile strength, so that when using a reinforcement made of carbon fibers, less reinforcement material is required while the tensile and compressive load properties of the door leaf casing remain the same.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the mineral cast material of the casing is an epoxy resin-bonded mineral cast or a cement-bonded high-performance concrete (Ultra High Performance Concrete, UHPC). UHPC is characterized by particularly high strength. Furthermore, UHPC, in conjunction with the grid-shaped reinforcement, can absorb not only high compressive forces, but also high tensile forces. The proposed design of the ultra-high-strength, reinforced concrete is therefore particularly compressive and tensile strong.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the inner body is made of expanded concrete. With the help of expanded concrete, the inner body can be cast as a one-piece body. According to a further embodiment, the inner body is made of rock wool, which is held within several frame parts that run horizontally and vertically parallel to one another. The horizontal and vertical frame parts define cuboid-shaped areas in which the rock wool is accommodated, whereby the frame parts can also be provided with reinforcement. Both rock wool and expanded concrete are excellent non-combustible insulating materials and have high thermal stability and high acoustic insulation capacity. Furthermore, rock wool is biosoluble in the human lung and therefore does not pose a health risk to people.

It is further proposed that at least one suspension element is arranged in an upper region of the door leaf, which is fastened to the inner body and/or the casing and has a toothed strip-like section that engages in the grid-like reinforcement. The at least one suspension element serves to movably fasten the fire protection door leaf according to the invention in a wall opening. In the installed position of the fire protection door according to the invention, the fire protection door leaf can be movably fastened with the aid of the suspension element, for example to a frame that at least partially surrounds the wall opening of the traffic tunnel. Since the suspension element is a highly stressed element, it must be securely connected to the door leaf, for example by being inserted or cast into the inner body and/or the casing during production. The toothed strip-like section increases the security of this connection with the help of a positive connection, in that the teeth of the toothed strip-like section engage in the grid-like reinforcement. The section designed like a toothed strip also makes it easier to manufacture the fire door leaf according to the invention, since the grid-shaped reinforcement cannot slip while the concrete is being poured to produce the casing. The fire door according to the invention can be manufactured simply using a formwork into which the inner body with the reinforcement arranged on one or both sides and the suspension elements are placed, and which is then filled with concrete. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork can be removed.

Since the load is greatest in the area of the suspension elements in the upper part of the door leaf, it can also be provided that an additional rod-shaped reinforcement is arranged in the casing in an upper area of the door leaf. This rod-shaped reinforcement provides additional stiffening to absorb these loads.

It is further proposed that at least one guide element is arranged in a lower region of the door leaf to guide a sliding movement parallel to the plane of the door leaf. The at least one guide element can be designed as a guide roller, for example.

In addition, it can be provided that the casing has at least one outgassing opening that extends from one of the outer surfaces of the door leaf to the thermally insulating inner body. In the event of a fire, the outgassing opening allows any outgassing from the inner body of the door leaf that can form due to the high temperatures to escape. It is also proposed that the at least one outgassing opening is closed with a sealing material that has a melting temperature that can only be reached in the event of a fire. In the event of a fire, the low-melting sealing material melts and the outgassing opening is opened to allow gases to escape.

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERS

The invention will now be explained in more detail using an embodiment. The drawings are examples and are intended to illustrate the inventive concept, but are in no way intended to restrict it or even represent it exhaustively.

Fig. 1

eine Frontansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutztür, wobei ein Teil eines oberen Bereichs der erfindungsgemäßen Brandtür freigeschnitten ist;

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutztür gemäß der in Fig. 1 eingezeichneten Schnittlinie A-A;

Fig. 3

eine axonometrische Ansicht des oberen Bereichs der erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutztür gemäß der Ausführungsform der Fig. 1, wobei ein Teil frei geschnitten ist;

Fig. 4

eine axonometrische Ansicht des oberen Bereichs einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutztür, wobei ein Teil frei geschnitten ist;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines seitlichen Bereiches der Brandschutztür gemäß der Ausführungsform der Fig. 4;

Fig. 6

eine Frontansicht der Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutztür gemäß der Fig. 4, wobei der Innenkörper strichliert eingezeichnet ist und ein Teil eines oberen Bereichs freigeschnitten ist;

Fig. 7

eine Schnittansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Brandschutztür gemäß der in Fig. 6 eingezeichneten Schnittlinie A-A.

It shows:

Fig.1

a front view of a first embodiment of a fire door according to the invention, wherein a part of an upper region of the fire door according to the invention is cut away;

Fig.2

a sectional view of the fire door according to the invention according to the Fig.1 marked section line AA;

Fig.3

an axonometric view of the upper part of the fire door according to the invention according to the Embodiment of the Fig.1 , with one part cut free;

Fig.4

an axonometric view of the upper region of a second embodiment of a fire door according to the invention, with a part cut away;

Fig.5

a perspective view of a lateral area of the fire door according to the embodiment of the Fig.4 ;

Fig.6

a front view of the embodiment of a fire door according to the invention according to the Fig.4 , with the inner body shown in dashed lines and part of an upper area cut out;

Fig.7

a sectional view of the fire door according to the invention according to the Fig.6 marked section line AA.

WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

First, the Fig.1 , which shows a front view of a fire protection door 1 according to the invention, wherein part of an upper region 10 of the fire protection door 1 according to the invention is cut away. The fire protection door 1 according to the invention comprises a door leaf which is formed from a thermally insulating inner body 3 and a casing 2, wherein the casing 2 encloses the inner body 3 at least in the region of the surfaces of the inner body 3 facing the door leaf outer surfaces 4, 5. The door leaf outer surfaces 4, 5 each face the surroundings of the fire protection door 1 according to the invention. The casing 2 is made of UHPC in this embodiment and encloses the thermally insulating inner body 3, which in this embodiment is made of expanded concrete.

In order to increase the load-bearing capacity of the casing 2, a lattice-shaped reinforcement 6 is provided so that the composite of UHPC and the reinforcement can absorb both tensile and compressive loads and ensures good stability of the fire protection door 1 according to the invention. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a lattice-shaped reinforcement 6 is arranged on both sides of the surfaces of the inner body 3 facing the door leaf outer surfaces 4, 5, which is embedded in the casing 2 and in this exemplary embodiment is made of carbon fibers, whereby the mass of the fire protection door 1 according to the invention is reduced. This structure of the fire protection door 1 according to the invention is particularly evident in the Fig. 2 and 3 visible, whereby the Fig.2 a sectional view of the fire protection door 1 according to the invention according to Fig.1 the section line AA, and the Fig.3 shows an axonometric view of the upper region 10 of the fire door 1 according to the invention, with a part cut away.

The Fig.4-7 show a second embodiment in which the inner body 3 is made of rock wool, which is held within several frame parts 12 that run horizontally and vertically parallel to one another. In this embodiment, the inner body 3 is thus formed from the frame parts 12 and the rock wool arranged within the frame parts 12 as a thermally insulating material. The casing 2 in turn encloses the inner body 3 at least in the area of the surfaces of the inner body 3 facing the outer surfaces 4, 5 of the door leaf.

In order to be able to open the fire door 1 according to the invention in its installed position, two suspension elements 7 are arranged in the upper area 10 of the door leaf, as shown in Fig.1 or 6 Furthermore, in a lower area 11 of the door leaf, at least one guide element 8 is arranged to guide a sliding movement parallel to the door leaf plane, as shown in Fig.2 or 7 taken In the embodiments shown, the fire door 1 according to the invention comprises a total of four guide elements 8, which are designed as guide rollers. However, these are approximately Fig.1 not visible because they are covered by the first outer surface 4.

The two suspension elements 7 are inserted into the inner body 3 in the upper area 10 and cast into the casing 2. Both suspension elements 7 each have a toothed strip-like section 9 that engages in the grid-like reinforcement 6. By using the toothed strip-like sections 9, the suspension elements 7 are securely anchored in the door leaf. They also make it easier to manufacture the fire door 1 because they fix the reinforcement 6 while the concrete is being poured to produce the casing 2, so that the grid-like reinforcement 6 cannot slip while the concrete is being poured.

Furthermore, the casing 2 can also have outgassing openings (in the Fig. 1-7 not shown) which extend from one of the door leaf outer surfaces 4, 5 to the thermally insulating inner body 3 and are closed with a sealing material which has a melting temperature which can only be reached in the event of a fire. In the event of a fire, the sealing material melts and allows the escape of gases from the inner body 3 which can form due to the high temperatures.

The invention thus provides a fire protection door 1 that is easier to open than known designs and is resistant to environmental influences while at the same time being highly resilient to alternating tensile and compressive loads. Furthermore, the fire protection door 1 is more cost-effective and easier to manufacture than known designs.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

1

Fire door

2

Sheathing

3

Inner body

4

first door leaf outer surface

5

second door leaf outer surface

6

reinforcement

7

Suspension element

8th

Guide element

9

toothed strip-like section

10

upper area

11

lower area

12

Frame parts

Claims (10)

1. Fire door (1) for closing an opening of a traffic tunnel, comprising a door leaf which is formed from a thermally insulating inner body (3) and a casing (2) which encloses the inner body at least in the region of the surfaces of the inner body that face the outer surfaces (4, 5) of the door leaf, characterized in that the casing (2) is made of a mineral cast material, and a reinforcement (6) designed in a lattice-shaped manner is embedded in the casing (2).
2. Fire door (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement (6) designed in a lattice-shaped manner is made of glass fibers and/or carbon fibers.
3. Fire door (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mineral cast material of the casing (2) is an epoxy resin-bonded mineral casting or a cement-bonded ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).
4. Fire door (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inner body (3) is made of expanded concrete.
5. Fire door (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inner body (3) is made of rock wool, which is held within a plurality of frame parts (12) extending horizontally and vertically parallel to each other.
6. Fire door (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one suspension element (7) is arranged in an upper region (10) of the door leaf, which is fastened to the inner body (3) and/or the casing (2) and has a section (9) designed like a toothed strip, which engages in the reinforcement (6) designed in a lattice-shaped manner.
7. Fire door (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an additional bar-shaped reinforcement is arranged in the casing (2) in an upper region (10) of the door leaf.
8. Fire door (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one guide element (8) for guiding a sliding movement directed parallel to the door leaf plane is arranged in a lower region (11) of the door leaf.
9. Fire door (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the casing (2) has at least one outgassing opening which extends from one of the outer surfaces (4, 5) of the door leaf to the thermally insulating inner body (3).
10. Fire door (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the at least one outgassing opening is sealed with a sealing material which has a melting temperature that can only be reached in the event of fire.

Images