EP1640550B1 - Explosion resisting window - Google Patents

Abstract

A building has a window with a frame and glazing designed to minimise the effect of explosion. The window has armoured glazing and is hinged in a tilt frame facilitating ventilation and movement to a first tilt position. The window has a further tilt-limiter that limits the angular movement of the frame in the event of an explosion to a second position.

Description

The invention relates to a blast resistant window with a frame and a sash, which receives a filling and is tiltably mounted in hinges on the frame about at least one axis, the sash rests in a closed position in the frame, and wherein the filling is made of bulletproof glass and the window at least one Kippbegrenzungselement, by means of which a induced by an explosive effect tilting of the sash in the hinges beyond a Kippgrenzstellung is inhibited and at least one displacement limiting element by means of which induced by the explosive action displacement of the sash perpendicular to a tilt axis in the hinges is inhibited ,

The term "tiltable" or "tilting" in the sense of the present application is intended to mean a rotation or pivoting of the casement about an arbitrary axis. In addition to the classic "tilting" about a horizontal axis of rotation at the bottom of the sash is z. B. also includes a "flap" about a horizontal axis of rotation at the top of the casement or a "rotation" about a vertical axis of rotation of the meaning of the term "tilting" in this application. In particular, combined turn-tilt windows should also fall within the scope of the present application.

A window similar to that of the type described above is for example from the DE 34 20 883 C2 and from the DE 34 32 021 C2 known. The two previously known window constructions are designed as a so-called double window. It is located in front of the actual window, which has a frame and a rotatably mounted therein sash, another fixed glazing. Between the fixed glazing and the soffit there are connecting cross-sections to the space between the two glazings and the sash, so that in the case where the sash of the inner glazing is opened, some air circulation can take place through the double glazing.

The task of the double glazing is to mitigate the effect of a detonation on the outside of the building in such a way as to maximize the presence of people in the building not to be harmed. Through the openings between the edge of the outer glazing and the window reveal a pressure compensation takes place in an explosives stop, so that the resulting pressure in the explosion while the outer glazing can destroy, but this is the pressure peak is reduced, so that the maximum pressure on the Internal glazing can not affect, especially as a compression of the air within the space between the two glazings because of the openings can not be made to a dangerous extent. Therefore, it is possible to provide the inner glazing with a pivotable or rotatable sash within the frame, so that the provided for pressure relief openings between the outer glazing and the window reveal can be used for room ventilation.

A disadvantage of the previously known window construction, it is to be considered that on the one hand due to the two glazings, the production costs are relatively high. On the other hand, a considerable risk for the persons in the building from the outer glazing, which is usually destroyed in the event of a detonation, then arises when the sash of the inner glazing is in its open position. In this case, namely broken glass can enter through the open casement into the interior of the room, creating a significant risk of injury. In addition, there is the danger that when the casement is wide open the pressure increase inside the building after a bursting of the outer glazing is still so great that persons suffer damage as a result. A sufficiently high level of security of persons in the room is therefore basically only given if the sash of the inner glazing is in its closed position.

Due to the limitation on the one hand of tilting and the other hand, the displacement of the sash frame from the frame and the use of an armored filling inhibits the window described above on the one hand an explosive effect in the same way as the known double windows, on the other hand, the risks associated with an internal standard windows are effectively avoided.

Object of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a blast resistant retentive trained window in which no external attachment glazing is required and still - while ensuring a sufficient safety in explosive attacks - in the open position of the casement can fulfill a demand as permanent ventilation function.

solution

Starting from the known explosion-retardant windows is proposed according to the invention that by at least one Verschiebungsbegrenzungselement by a induced by the explosive displacement of the sash over a Kippgrenzstellung addition is inhibited and at least one associated with the frame and / or the window reveal displacement limiting element, the at one The hinges opposite side of the sash is arranged and by means of which from the Kippgrenzstellung and from any position between this and the closed position a induced by the explosive displacement of the sash in a plane of the filling perpendicular to the tilting axis is inhibited by the fact that the sash on a circular segment-shaped stop abuts the displacement limiting element.

Such an additional displacement limiting element initially requires no change to the hinges, and thus offers itself in particular for use with standard frames. On the other hand, a use together with in the manner described above reinforced hinges is conceivable.

Preferably, the hinges are reinforced on a window according to the invention and thereby formed as a displacement limiting elements. By using hinges reinforced with respect to a standard window, the tearing out of the sash frame from the frame is avoided to a selectable amount. For reinforcement, on the one hand, a material of higher value compared to the conventional tool steel, for example a high-strength steel, can be used. On the other hand, the number of hinges arranged along the tilting axis can be increased.

It is also advantageous to use at least one two-part displacement limiting element, which is arranged in the tilting axis, and which has a matrix connected to the frame and a patrix connected to the casement, wherein the die and the male part have hook-shaped locking elements, wherein in the tilting limit position and in each position between this and the closed position, the displacement is inhibited by the fact that the locking elements formed on the die and male engage in each other. The use of such displacement limiting elements and their design is generally known in burglar-resistant windows. In contrast, to achieve a blast resistance, they can turn - as described above for the hinges - be reinforced.

Such a displacement limiting element in turn initially allows the use of casement and frame of a standard window, when the die and male are dimensioned so that they can be arranged in an existing gap between casement and frame. By combining with the above-described displacement limiting elements, the effect of the individual elements can be increased depending on the application and the explosive effect to be ensured.

Preferably, the male of such a displacement element is connected to a mounted on the sash of a window according to the invention push rod and with this along the tilt axis so far displaced that the locking elements no longer engage in each other. The use of push rods is basically known from standard windows, which in addition to the tilt function also allow pivoting of the sash around an axis perpendicular to the tilt axis. Thus, an inventive window can be formed as a combined turn-tilt window.

In a window according to the invention, at least one tilt-limiting element is preferably arranged on the side of the casement which is opposite the hinges and against which the casement strikes in the tilting limit position. Such an additional displacement limiting element initially requires no change to the hinges, and thus offers itself in particular for use with standard frames. Such Kippbegrenzungselement can be particularly advantageously combined with a trained in the manner described above with a circular segment stop formed displacement limiting element in such a way that the end of a circular segment-shaped stop rail forms the Kippbegrenzungselement at its end.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, in each case such a Kippbegrenzungselement is arranged at both ends of the hinge opposite side of the sash. In comparison to a rod-shaped training substantially over the entire length of the hinge opposite side of the sash, the support effect of the sash itself is used by the formation of two individual Kippbegrenzungselemente at the corners. This can be improved by a reinforcing insert or otherwise reinforced version of this side of the sash. By using separate Kippbegrenzungselemente these can be used virtually as modular elements in windows according to the invention of different widths.

Particularly preferably, the sash is supported in the Kippgrenzstellung by means of a holding device both against a continuation of the rotational movement and against a directed away from the window movement in the direction of the plane of the filling, and in the region of the hinges of the sash connecting frame leg are positive locking elements between the Sash frame and the frame present, the opening angle is in the tilt limit position of the sash between 5 ° and 50 °.

The window according to the invention pursues the philosophy that an explosion-resistant window can also be located in a slightly open position of the casement without prefabricated glazing in the event of detonation, as long as the thus released opening cross-sections are small enough and despite the pressure wave occurring an uncontrolled further opening of the sash over the Kippgrenzstellung addition is prevented. Under tilting limit should be defined by the holding device position in the context of this application, in which the sash as far as possible is deflected from its closed position. Depending on the size of the space defined by the window, the opening cross-section, which is released in the tilting limit position, is preferably not more than 0.2 m ² to 0.4 m ² . In rooms with a very large volume also correspondingly larger opening cross-sections can be realized, since a large volume of space causes a larger buffer effect and therefore mitigates the pressure increase in the room. In such cross-sectional areas of the pressure is degraded even with a detonation of large amounts of explosive and at a small distance between the detonation site and the window according to the invention by the comparatively small cross-sectional area before entering the room, that usually no harmful effects located in the room People enter more. In the window according to the invention, it is thus not necessary to achieve sufficient safety to keep the sash in the closed position, but the window can - if desired - be kept permanently in the Kippgrenzstellung, creating a very thorough ventilation is possible.

In an externally acting on the open sash pressure load it is pressed with great force inwardly against the holding device, which is prevented by the inventive design of the holding device both further pivoting of the sash and a movement of the same in the radial direction away from the hinges , The positive locking elements in the region of the hinges connecting the hinges of the sash cause the tearing off of the sash from the frame in this area and thus a rotational movement about the abutment surface of the holding device is prevented. The sash is thus securely fixed in the Kippgrenzstellung despite the detonation-related pressure effect, so that takes place by the comparatively small size of the opening cross-section controlled and mitigated pressure increase in the space behind the window. Due to the unnecessary front glazing, the cost of the window according to the invention is comparatively low and the appearance on the outside of the building is not affected and does not differ from conventional windows.

Preferably, the holding device has a continuous support surface, which extends from the frame to a stop surface on which the casement in the Tilting limit is applied, wherein the support surface is parallel to the trajectory, which describes the leading edge of the sash in the shift from the closed position to the tilt limit. As a result, a tearing of the sash out of the hinges is prevented even if the sash is in any intermediate positions between the closed position and the Kippgrenzstellung.

The invention further ausgestaltend is provided that the holding device consists of a support surface having lower bracket and a perpendicular to the filling level extending upper bracket, wherein the lower bracket and upper bracket are connected to each other both in the region of the frame and the stop surface. As a result, an easy to manufacture, visually appealing and very torsionally rigid construction can be achieved. If an anchoring portion of the holding device is penetrated by an anchor connecting the frame with a building part, the load capacity of the holding device is particularly large, since a force is not required in the frame itself on special fasteners between holding device and frame, but a direct application of force in the supporting Building part is possible. A particularly good support of the entire window construction within the building opening is achieved in that the anchor for attachment of the frame is connected to a cross-sectionally L-shaped angle, with one leg parallel to a window reveal and with the other leg parallel to a viewing surface of the building. In this way, an edge strip of the viewing surface adjoining the opening can be used for large-scale introduction of compressive forces into the building part, whereby the risk of local exceeding of the strength limit is minimized.

In order to reduce at very large windows or very large opening angles released in the Kippgrenzstellung ventilation cross section and thus the pressure increase within the room in the detonation case, at least a part of the released from the sash in its Kippgrenzstellung opening cross-section of a perforated plate may be covered, for example the holding device or directly connected to a building part.

An advantageous attachment of the perforated plate is that this has two folded narrow-side edge strips and a longitudinal edge strip covering a connecting the upper bracket with the lower bracket connecting strut. In this way, a rudimentary box-shaped component is created, which is characterized by its high rigidity.

In order to mitigate force peaks during the initiation into the holding device in the event of an explosion, the stop surfaces for the casement frame should be formed by an elastomer material.

Furthermore, a further development of the invention is that the positive locking elements are formed by two angle profiles, which are each connected to a mounting leg with the sash and with the frame, preferably extend over the entire length of the associated frame legs and each with a support leg supported each other.

If the support legs abut each other in the tilting limit position and are aligned parallel to one another, the surface pressure acting on the angle profiles is minimized and the risk of deformation is particularly low.

embodiment

Fig. 1

eine Innenansicht eines ersten erfindungsgemäßen Fensters,

Fig. 2

einen vertikalen Schnitt im gekippten Zustand,

Fig. 3

einen horizontalen Schnitt im geschlossenen Zustand und

Fig. 4

einen horizontalen Schnitt in Wartungsstellung durch dieses erste Fenster,

Fig. 5

eine Außenansicht des zweiten Fensters;

Fig. 6a

einen Vertikalschnitt entlang der Linie II-II durch das Fenster gemäß Figur 5 in der Schließstellung;

Fig. 6b wie Fig. 6a',

jedoch in der Kippgrenzstellung;

Fig. 7

einen Horizontalschnitt entlang der Linie III-III durch das Fenster gemäß Figur 5 und

Fig. 8

eine Innenansicht des Fensters nach Fig. 5.

The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to drawing figures. These show each in the installed state in

Fig. 1

an interior view of a first window according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a vertical section in the tilted state,

Fig. 3

a horizontal section in the closed state and

Fig. 4

a horizontal section in the maintenance position through this first window,

Fig. 5

an exterior view of the second window;

Fig. 6a

a vertical section along the line II-II through the window of Figure 5 in the closed position;

Fig. 6b as Fig. 6a ',

however, in the tilt limit position;

Fig. 7

a horizontal section along the line III-III through the window of Figure 5 and

Fig. 8

an interior view of the window of FIG. 5th

A first window 20 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is designed as a combined turn-tilt window and can thus be tilted about a tilt axis which is horizontal when installed, or alternatively pivotable about a vertically extending pivot axis. The window 20 has the fittings known from standard windows - hinges and safety shears - on. (The tilting and pivoting axis as well as the tilting hinges and safety shears are not shown.) Hinge in the context of this application is understood to mean any component that causes a hinged connection of the sash with a frame and thereby a rotational, tilting or pivoting movement of the sash allows at least one axis of rotation.

The window 20 has in the tilting axis a plurality of distributed over the width 21 of a sash 22 first, each two-piece sliding limiting elements 23. The first displacement-limiting elements 23 each consist of a mold 25 connected to a frame 24 and a male part 26, which is attached to the push rod, not shown, and with this along the tilt axis is displaceable. The matrices 25 and the male parts 26 have a constant profile along the tilting axis and engage with hook-shaped locking elements 27 in one another. By means of the first displacement limiting elements 23 of the frame 24 and the sash 22 in the tilting limit 28 of FIG 2 and in each (not shown) intermediate position between this and the closed state according to Figures 1 and 3 are fixedly coupled together.

At the ends of the side 29 opposite the hinges, a respective stop 30 is mounted, which, together with a latch 31 attached to the casement 22, acts on the one hand as a second displacement limiting element 32 and on the other hand as a tilt limiting element 33. The stopper 30 is formed of flat steel and bolted to the frame 24 or with a neighboring building part. In this way, the stop 30 is at least indirectly also with the window reveal 34th connected, in which the window 20 is inserted. The stop 30 has a circular segment-shaped opening 35 (or alternatively also a circular segment-shaped guide rail), in each of which the associated latch 31 engages. The circle center assigned - not shown - circular center is located on the tilt axis. The two bars 31 are formed of round steel and guided parallel to the tilting axis of the sash 22. By pressing a lever 36 attached to the sash 22, the latches 31 are displaceable parallel to the tilt axis in the manner of a drive bolt. The function of the lever 36 may also take over a not shown - electrically driven, covered or separately lockable - transmission.

In order to pivot the sash 22 in the maintenance position 37 of Figure 4 about the vertical pivot axis, respectively by means of push rods, the male 26 of the first displacement limiting elements 23 in a manner not shown out of engagement with the matrices 25, the latch 31 of the second displacement limiting elements 32 according to (solid) representation in Figure 3 out of engagement with the breakthrough 35 brought.

An illustrated in Figure 5 without the surrounding building parts second window 1 has a frame 2, in which a sash 3 is movably mounted. In the casement 3, which has a filling 5 in the form of an insulating glass pane, is a tiltable skylight. A safety in detonations is given in the tilting wing in that it is fixed by a holding device 7 in its Kippgrenzstellung (Fig. 6b) and thereby releases only a well-defined, relatively small opening cross-section between space and environment, creating an uncontrolled pressure propagation from the outside the room is prevented.

As is apparent from Figure 6a, the holding device 7 consists of an arcuate sub-bracket 8, which is angled in an L-shape, and a likewise L-shaped upper bracket 9, the vertically extending leg acts as a connecting strut 10, disposed at the lower end of an elastomeric element 11 is that forms a stop surface 12 for an upper edge strip 13 of the sash 3. Lower bracket 8 and upper bracket 9 are connected by welding with each other, so that the result is a total bow-shaped, connection-rigid holding device 7. This is in the area of an end section of the Upper bracket 9 penetrated by a dowel 14, which connects the frame 2 with a structural part in the form of, for example, a hollow perforated tile 15.

It can be seen from FIGS. 6a and 6b that the lower bracket 8 with its underside facing the upper side of the sash frame 3 forms a support surface 28 'extending from the frame 2 to the stop surface 12. This support surface 28 'extends at a small distance parallel to the circular segment-shaped trajectory, which describes the leading edge 29' of the sash when laying from the closed position to the Kippgrenzstellung. As a result, there is in every position of the sash 3 a very high security against a radially outward movement, otherwise a tearing of the bands could take place.

The casement 3 is mounted on a lower frame member 16 of the frame 2 by means of not shown, but generally known joints in the form of so-called bands 4. In addition to this storage is an angle section 17 at a lower pivot joints receiving the lower frame legs 18 of the sash frame 3 and a 180 ° twisted arranged angular section 19 on the frame legs 16 of the frame 2. The two angle sections 17 and 19, which in cross-section L-. are each extending substantially over the entire length of the frame legs 16 and 18 and then supported with their vertically oriented support legs 20 'and 21' from each other when the sash 3 is in the Kippgrenzstellung, as shown in Fig. 6b is shown. Both angle sections 17 and 19 each have horizontally aligned mounting legs 22 ', 23', which are fastened in a manner not shown, for example by means of screws, to sufficiently strongly dimensioned parts of the frame legs 16 and 18.

The angle between the support leg 20 'and the mounting leg 22' of the angle section 17 is smaller than 90 °, so that the two support legs 20 'and 21' in the maximum tilting limit of the sash 3 flat, ie parallel to each other, abut each other. The angular difference to 90 ° corresponds to the opening angle of the sash 3, as it is limited by the stop surface 12.

An upper part of the opening of the wing frame 3 in its Kippgrenzstellung, above rectangular and laterally wedge-shaped opening cross-section is covered with a perforated plate 24. This results in particular from Fig. 7. The perforated plate 24 'has two folded narrow side edge strips 25' and a folded longitudinal edge strip 26 ', which cover the upper bracket 9 and the connecting strut 10 between the upper bracket 9 and the lower bracket 8. The perforated plate 24 'extends parallel to the upper bracket 9 into an area above the window frame 2 and, like the upper bracket 9, is penetrated by the armature 14 in an adapted bore. The perforated plate 24 'is in this way very firmly connected to the frame 2, but additionally connected by not shown screws and / or rivets to the upper bracket 9 and the connecting strut 10. In the case of an explosive stop on the attack-endangered side of the window 1 marked with an arrow 27 'and as a result an increase in pressure, the perforated plate in the area of the greatest opening width of the gap formed in the tilting limit position of the sash frame 3 causes a reduction of the pressure increase inside the building due to the throttle openings , without due to the secure attachment there is a risk that the perforated plate is torn off by the pressure wave. From the horizontal section shown in Figure 7 through the window 1 above the holding means 7 it can be seen that the two holding devices 7 are at a certain lateral distance from the window reveal. The upper bar 9 have a slightly smaller width than the lower bar. 8

It is self-evident that the embodiment of the window 1 according to the invention with a sash frame 3 in the form of a tilting wing described in the preceding embodiment can also be modified, for example, in that the sash frame secured in the manner according to the invention is a rotary sash. In this case, the holding devices 7 are each horizontally aligned and arranged vertically one above the other on one side of the associated frame and limit the opening angle to the specified range between 5 ° and 50 °, in the present case to about 10 °. In order to be able to cancel the limitation of the opening angle in such a construction of sash with a vertical axis of rotation, the holding device can be designed to be disassembled, for example, for purposes of cleaning the Temporarily remove window and the rotary wing - or even a tilting wing - temporarily swivel through 90 ° or 180 °.

Claims (16)

1. Explosion-resistant window (1, 20) comprising a window frame (2, 24) and a casement (3, 22) which receives a filling (5) and is mounted at hinges on the window frame (2, 24) so as to be able to tilt about at least one axis, the casement (3, 22) resting in the window frame (2, 24) in a closed position, and the filling (5) consisting of bullet-proof glass and the window (1, 20) having at least one tilt limiting element (7, 33), by means of which tilting of the casement (3, 22) in the hinges as induced by a blast effect beyond a tilt limiting position (11, 28) can be blocked, characterised in that the window (1, 20) has at least one displacement limiting element (23, 32), by means of which displacement of the casement (3, 22) perpendicular to a tilt axis as induced by the blast effect can be blocked in the hinges, and at least one displacement limiting element (7, 32) which is connected to the window frame (2, 24) and/or the window bay, is arranged on a side (29) of the casement (3, 22) opposing the hinges and by means of which, from the tilt limiting position (28) and from each position between the tilt limiting position and the closed position, displacement of the casement (3, 22) in a plane of the filling perpendicular to the tilt axis as induced by the blast effect can be blocked in that the casement (3, 22) strikes a stop (30) formed in the shape of a circular segment on the displacement limiting element (7, 32).
2. Window (1) according to the aforementioned claim, characterised in that the hinges are reinforced and are thus configured as displacement limiting elements (7).
3. Window (20) according to either of the aforementioned claims, characterised by at least one two-part displacement limiting element (23) which is arranged in the tilt axis and comprises a female part (25) joined to the window frame (24) and a male part (26) joined to the casement (22), the female part (25) and the male part (26) comprising hook-like locking elements, wherein, in the tilt limiting position (28) and in each position between the tilt limiting position and the closed position, the displacement can be blocked in that the locking elements (27) formed on the female part (25) and male part (26) engage with one another.
4. Window (20) according to the aforementioned claim, characterised in that the male part (26) is connected to a push-rod attached to the casement (22) and is displaceable therewith along the tilting axis to such an extent that the locking elements (27) do not engage with one another at least in a rotational position of the armature.
5. Window (1, 20) according to any one of the aforementioned claims, characterised by at least one tilt limiting element (7, 33) which is connected to the window frame (2, 24) and/or the window bay, is arranged on the side (29) of the casement (3, 22) opposing the hinges and which the casement (3, 22) strikes in the tilt limiting position (28).
6. Window (20) according to the aforementioned claim, characterised in that a respective tilt limiting element (33) is arranged at the two ends of the side (29) of the casement (22) opposing the hinges.
7. Window (1) according to any one of the aforementioned claims, characterised by a holding means (7), by means of which the window (1) is braced both against continuation of the rotational movement beyond the tilt limiting position, in the sense of the tilt limiting element, and against a movement directed away from the window (1) within the plane of the filling (5), in the sense of the displacement limiting element, and wherein form-fitting closing elements are present between the casement (3) and the window frame (2) in the region of a frame leg (18) connecting the pivotal joint of the casement (3), the opening angle (α) of the casement (3) in the tilt limiting position being between 5° and 50°.
8. Window (1) according to the aforementioned claim, characterised in that the holding means (7) has a continuous support surface (28') which extends from the window frame (2) up to a stop face (12) against which the casement (3) bears in the tilt limiting position, wherein the support surface (28') runs parallel to the trajectory which the front edge (29') of the casement (3) describes during displacement from the closed position into the tilt limiting position.
9. Window (1) according to either claim 7 or claim 8, characterised in that the holding means (7) is composed of a lower strap (8) provided with the support face (28') and an upper strap (9) running perpendicular to the plane of the filling (5), the lower strap (8) and upper strap (9) being connected to one another both in the region of the window frame (2) and also in the region of the stop face (12).
10. Window (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that an anchoring portion of the holding means (7) is penetrated by an anchor (14) connecting the window frame (2) to a part of the building structure.
11. Window (1) according to the aforementioned claim, characterised in that the anchor for fastening the window frame is connected to an angle piece of L-shaped cross section, which with one leg extends parallel to a window bay and with the other leg extends parallel to a visible face of the building.
12. Window (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterised in that at least a portion of the opening cross section is exposed by the casement (3) in its tilt limiting position is covered by a perforated metal sheet (24') which is connected to a holding means (7).
13. Window (1) according to the aforementioned claim, characterised in that the perforated metal sheet (24') is provided with two bent-over narrow-side edge strips (25') and one longitudinal-side edge strip (26') covering a connecting strut (10) that connects the upper strap (9) to the lower strap (8).
14. Window (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 13, characterised in that the stop face (12) is made of an elastomeric material (11).
15. Window (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 17, characterised in that the closing elements are formed by two angle profiles (17, 19) which are each connected by a fastening leg (22', 23') to the casement (3) and to the window frame (2), preferably extend over the entire length of the associated frame legs (16, 18) and are each braced against the other by a support leg (20', 21').
16. Window (1) according to the aforementioned claim, characterised in that the support legs (20', 21') bear against one another and are oriented parallel to one another in the tilt limiting position.

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