EP4111121A1 - Wärmeübertrager für die rückgewinnung von kälteleistung aus der regasifizierung tiefkalter verflüssigter gase - Google Patents
Wärmeübertrager für die rückgewinnung von kälteleistung aus der regasifizierung tiefkalter verflüssigter gaseInfo
- Publication number
- EP4111121A1 EP4111121A1 EP21708552.1A EP21708552A EP4111121A1 EP 4111121 A1 EP4111121 A1 EP 4111121A1 EP 21708552 A EP21708552 A EP 21708552A EP 4111121 A1 EP4111121 A1 EP 4111121A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant
- regasified
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/14—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically both tubes being bent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
- F28D2021/0064—Vaporizers, e.g. evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- Heat exchanger for the recovery of cooling capacity from the regasification of cryogenic liquefied gases
- Natural gas (LNG) is -162 ° C, is considerable for the liquefaction of the gases
- the final use of the cryogenic liquid requires its regasification.
- heat must be supplied to it, which in turn cools a heat emitter as a cooling power, whereby the exergy stored in the cryogenic liquid is transferred to it.
- the heat emitter during regasification can be the so-called refrigerant, with which the refrigeration capacity can be transferred to the various refrigeration applications.
- the propane is filled in such a way that it evaporates and condenses at -7 ° C.
- the transport of heat from the seawater to the LNG has to overcome several thermal resistances, namely the heat transfer from the seawater to the surface of the propane evaporator, the heat conduction through the evaporator tube wall, the heat transfer to the evaporating propane, the heat transfer from the condensing propane to the surface of the LNG Pipes, the heat conduction through the walls of these pipes and finally the heat transfer to the evaporating LNG.
- the temperature drops proportionally to the size of the resistance.
- the sum of the temperature drops corresponds to the difference between the sea water temperature and the LNG temperature.
- the transport chain is designed in such a way that the temperature drop that occurs when the heat is transferred from the seawater to the water-wetted surface of the propane evaporator leads to surface temperatures greater than 0 ° C.
- a solution operated alternatively with the intermediate medium propane is described in publication DE 102016006 121 and in PCT / DE2016 / 000253.
- the aim here is to recover small and medium-sized exergetically high-quality cooling capacities from the regasification of cryogenic liquids, especially in connection with storage tanks for LNG, LN 2 and L0 2 , whose atmospheric evaporators, which are usually used and operated with ambient air as the heat source, are then supplemented or replaced to save energy.
- the coolant preferably a synthetic heat transfer fluid suitable for low temperatures
- the coolant is operated with a view to the applications that are mainly in demand, such as low temperature storage, shock freezing, cold storage with phase change material and any process cooling temperature close to -60 ° C.
- the appropriate temperature of the evaporating and condensing propane can be determined in advance by weighing the corresponding mass into the closed cylindrical heat transfer container.
- the fact that only two coiled tubing fastened on one side are used for heat transfer provides security against impermissible mechanical stresses that can occur during operation as a result of the large local and temporal temperature changes.
- An additional function is that the pressure of the gas is selected to be significantly lower than the minimum LNG pressure, so that the pressure increase that occurs in the event of a leak as a result of the ingress of natural gas triggers the safety pressure switch provided for this purpose, and this triggers the blocking of the LNG supply.
- the object of the invention is derived from the prior art described above, in particular from its disadvantages. It focuses on cooling capacities that are intermittently available and also intermittently retrievable from decentralized tank and regasification systems, on the cooling capacities that are particularly extensive in the temperature range - 40 ° C to + 10 ° C and, under these boundary conditions, are designed to be as simple and cost-effective as possible Heat transfer.
- the latter assumes that the dangers resulting from the low temperature level and the large local and temporal temperature differences are mastered: namely the occurrence of impermissible mechanical stresses, the impermissible increase in the viscosity of the refrigerant and its impermissible transition into the solid phase.
- the aim of the invention namely to recover the refrigeration capacity available from regasification of cryogenic liquefied gases both technically and economically, is seen as the task of developing a tube-in-tube heat exchanger which constructively overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art described above.
- a tube-in-tube heat exchanger which is preferably designed as a U-tube, is used as a purposefully minimalist solution.
- the cryogenic liquefied gas to be regasified by evaporation and overheating is transported in the inner tube.
- the outer tube surrounds the inner tube coaxially and thus forms the flow channel for the refrigerant.
- Both tubes end in the tube sheet have a fixed connection with it and are also firmly and tightly connected to one another here. The free protrusion of the pipes prevents inadmissible mechanical stresses arising as a result of the temporal and local temperature differences.
- the tube-in-tube heat exchanger can alternatively be designed in a straight tube arrangement, the inner tube and the outer tube likewise being aligned as coaxially as possible.
- the outer tube is supported at its ends by tight and tight connections and, if necessary, supported by additional sliding spacer elements, which prevents vibrations and reduces turbulence in the jacket space that impairs the transfer of heat.
- the outer tube which is less pressure and temperature stressed than the inner tube, is advantageously equipped with a compensator that compensates for the thermal changes in length.
- refrigerant which is to be selected differently under two conditions, adapted to the temperature level of the refrigeration power requirement. Restrictions are in each case that, as a result of the cooling of the refrigerant, its solidus line and thus its phase change that prevents the flow is reached, and further that its viscosity increases to such an extent that it is no longer pumpable.
- the first way of choosing the coolant is based on the assumption that neither too high viscosity values nor the risk of the formation of a solid phase arise if, for example, mixtures of water with ethylene glycol or synthetic, low-temperature heat transfer fluids are used and at the same time appropriate values of the heat transport parameters such as pipe wall thickness, duct dimensions and Ensures flow velocities.
- the second way of choosing the refrigerant requires specific and defined solidification in order to gain thermal resistance with the solid layer forming on the outside of the inner tube, which contributes the required temperature drop on the transport route to the cryogenic liquefied gas.
- This solidified layer on the surface of which the solidification temperature of the refrigerant prevails, reaches a stationary thickness after the transient formation process has taken place and replaces the costly solutions available with the prior art in a cost-effective manner.
- the disadvantage is that the solidified layer reduces the heat transfer, which is, however, at least partially compensated for by the increase in the flow velocity and the enlargement of the heat transfer surface associated with the reduction in the flow cross section.
- the decisive factor for the heat transfer and thus for the required heat transfer area is in any case the heat transfer from the flowing coolant to the surface of the solidified layer.
- the invention provides for this, which can be implemented very easily and indirectly, to be monitored by measurement and, if the value falls below a threshold value, the supply of the liquid to be regasified is stopped in order to intermittently apply the solidified layer, which acts like a cold accumulator, with the refrigerant flowing further defrost.
- the aim which is important in the effort to achieve technical and at the same time economic effectiveness, is to make the heat transport, which leads to low temperatures over large temperature gradients, as user-friendly as possible.
- the practiced simplicity of the tube-in-tube heat exchanger as a U-tube offers the best prerequisites for this. It enables the use of a modular system so that the heat exchanger can be used universally as a standardized component based on the principle of modularity.
- the heat exchanger according to the invention for the recovery of cooling power from the regasification of cryogenic liquefied gases is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing (FIG. 1).
- the heat exchanger chosen as the exemplary embodiment is designed as a tube-in-tube heat exchanger in a U-shape.
- the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 3 are aligned as coaxially as possible, whereby a jacket space 9 is formed.
- the outer tube 3 is supported at its ends by a firm and tight connection in the form of a tube sheet 4.
- the inner tube 2 is freely cantilevered relative to the outer tube 3 from its ends located on the tube sheet side. This means that there is no need for a compensator to compensate for thermal changes in length.
- liquefied gas to be regasified can flow from the inlet 5 to the outlet 6 through the inner tube 2.
- the coolant flows from inlet 7 to outlet 8 through the flow channel formed by the jacket space 9 and thus transports the refrigeration capacity from the liquefied gas to be regasified to the refrigeration consumer.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020001338.4A DE102020001338A1 (de) | 2020-02-29 | 2020-02-29 | Wärmeübertrager für die Rückgewinnung von Kälteleistung aus der Regasifizierung tiefkalter verflüssigter Gase |
| PCT/DE2021/000011 WO2021170165A1 (de) | 2020-02-29 | 2021-01-27 | Wärmeübertrager für die rückgewinnung von kälteleistung aus der regasifizierung tiefkalter verflüssigter gase |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4111121A1 true EP4111121A1 (de) | 2023-01-04 |
Family
ID=74797667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21708552.1A Pending EP4111121A1 (de) | 2020-02-29 | 2021-01-27 | Wärmeübertrager für die rückgewinnung von kälteleistung aus der regasifizierung tiefkalter verflüssigter gase |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4111121A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020001338A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021170165A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE439679B (sv) * | 1982-11-18 | 1985-06-24 | Aga Ctc Vaermevaexlare Ab | Anordning for forangning av ett flytande medium |
| FR2931222B1 (fr) * | 2008-05-16 | 2014-02-21 | Batignolles Tech Therm | Systeme et procede de vaporisation d'un fluide cryogenique, notamment du gaz naturel liquefie, a base de co2 |
| JP5403039B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2014-01-29 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| DE102014102473B3 (de) * | 2014-02-25 | 2015-07-23 | Marine Service Gmbh | Einrichtung zur Verdampfung von tiefsiedenden verflüssigten Gasen |
| JP6633888B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-29 | 2020-01-22 | 住友精化株式会社 | 液化ガス用気化器、および液化ガス用気化システム |
| DE102016006121A1 (de) | 2015-12-28 | 2017-06-29 | Eco ice Kälte GmbH | Verfahren und Wärmeaustauscher zur Rückgewinnung von Kälte bei der Regasifizierung tiefkalter Flüssigkeiten |
| DE102017007009A1 (de) | 2017-07-25 | 2019-01-31 | Eco ice Kälte GmbH | Kälteversorgungsanlage, gekoppelt an die Regasifizierungseinrichtung eines Liquified Natural Gas Terminals |
-
2020
- 2020-02-29 DE DE102020001338.4A patent/DE102020001338A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-01-27 EP EP21708552.1A patent/EP4111121A1/de active Pending
- 2021-01-27 WO PCT/DE2021/000011 patent/WO2021170165A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020001338A1 (de) | 2021-09-02 |
| WO2021170165A1 (de) | 2021-09-02 |
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