EP4107450A1 - Dispositif et procédé de réfrigération à dilution - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de réfrigération à dilutionInfo
- Publication number
- EP4107450A1 EP4107450A1 EP21702045.2A EP21702045A EP4107450A1 EP 4107450 A1 EP4107450 A1 EP 4107450A1 EP 21702045 A EP21702045 A EP 21702045A EP 4107450 A1 EP4107450 A1 EP 4107450A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dilution
- refrigeration device
- working
- fluid
- pipes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N helium-3 atom Chemical compound [3He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-NJFSPNSNSA-N helium-6 atom Chemical compound [6He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/12—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using 3He-4He dilution
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
- F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
Definitions
- the invention relates to a dilution refrigeration device and method.
- the invention relates more particularly to a dilution refrigeration device for obtaining very low temperatures, in particular in the range between one milliKelvin and one hundred milliKelvin, comprising a loop working circuit containing a cycle fluid comprising a mixture of isotope 3 helium and isotope 4 helium, the working circuit comprising, arranged in series and fluidly connected via a first set of conduits, a mixing chamber, a boiler and a transfer member, the first set of pipes being configured to transfer cycle fluid from an outlet of the mixing chamber to an inlet of the boiler and from an outlet of the boiler to an inlet of the transfer member, the working circuit comprising a second assembly pipe connecting an outlet of the transfer member to an inlet of the mixing chamber, the working circuit comprising at least a first heat exchange portion between at least one e part of the first pipe assembly and the second pipe assembly, the first heat exchange portion being located between the boiler and the mixing chamber, the device further comprising at least one cooling member in heat exchange with the circuit working and configured to transfer frig
- Quantum phenomena give rise to theoretical and technological developments likely to implement them to perform operations (“quantum computing”) for the development of supercomputers (for example performing a billion billion calculations every second) by manipulating "qubits" »Superconductors at temperatures close to milliKelvin or silicon-based at a few hundred milliKelvin.
- the traditional means of obtaining refrigeration power at temperatures of the order of milliKelvin to hundreds of milliKelvin is the refrigerator diluting helium6 in helium4.
- An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
- the device according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it comprises at least one cryogenic pumping member located in the working circuit. between the boiler and the transfer unit.
- embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics: the transfer member comprises a compressor for the cycle fluid, the transfer member comprises a heat exchanger, the at least one cryogenic pumping member is located in the first set of pipes of the working circuit, in the operating configuration of the heating device.
- the cycle fluid being admitted at a cryogenic temperature, in particular between 0.5K and 80K
- the at least one cryogenic pumping member is configured to pump the cycle fluid having an inlet pressure of between 0.01mbar and 100mbar
- the device comprises a second heat exchange portion between at least part of the first pipe assembly and the second pipe assembly and located between the boiler and the transfer member, the at least one cryogenic pumping member being located between the second heat exchange portion and the boiler and / or between the second heat exchange portion and the transfer member
- the at least one cooling member isme comprises a cooling apparatus in heat exchange with the second assembly of pipes between the transfer member and the mixing member, the cooling member being configured to cool the cycle fluid of the dilution refrigeration device
- the device comprises a heat exchange portion between the second pipe assembly and the boiler
- the at least one cooling member comprises a cryogenic refrigerator comprising a working circuit forming a loop and containing a working fluid comprising helium, the working circuit forming a cycle comprising in series: a working fluid compression mechanism, a working fluid
- the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the characteristics above or below within the scope of the claims.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating a first example of the structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating a second example of the structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating a third example of the structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to the invention
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating a fourth example of the structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to the invention
- FIG. 5 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating a fifth example of the structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to the invention
- FIG. 6 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating a detail of a sixth example of the structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to the invention
- FIG. 7 is a schematic and partial view illustrating another detail of the sixth example of the structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 shows another simplified view of the fourth example of structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to the invention
- FIG. 9 shows another simplified view of the fifth example of structure and operation of a refrigeration device according to the invention.
- the dilution refrigeration device 1 shown in [Fig. 1] comprising a loop working circuit 20 containing a cycle fluid comprising a mixture of isotope 3 helium (“3He” or “helium 3”) and isotope 4 helium (“4He” or “helium 4 ”).
- This working circuit 20 comprises, arranged in series and fluidly connected via a first set of conduits 2, 4, a mixing chamber 3, a boiler 5 and a transfer member 6.
- the first set of pipes 2, 4 is configured to transfer cycle fluid from an outlet of the mixing chamber 3 to an inlet of the boiler 5 and from an outlet of the boiler 5 to an inlet of the transfer member 6. .
- the working circuit 20 comprises a second assembly of pipes 7 connecting an outlet of the transfer member 6 to an inlet of the mixing chamber 3.
- the boiler 5 (or evaporator) conventionally provides phase separation between helium 3 and helium 4 (the bath, which for example contains 1 mol% of helium 3 is for example at a temperature between 0.7 and 1K).
- the boiler 5 supplies the helium transfer member 6 3 via the first assembly 4 of pipes.
- the temperature may be of the order, for example, of 5 to 300 mK and in particular between 5 and 150 mK.
- the concentrated liquid helium 3 returned by the transfer member 6 to the mixing chamber 3 can be located in the upper part of this chamber 3, above a dilute liquid phase (containing for example 6 to 7% of helium 3).
- One end of the first pipe assembly 7 opens, for example, into this upper concentrated phase.
- the injected concentrated helium 3 phase is diluted in the diluted phase; it is this endothermic dilution process which produces the cooling capacity at the temperature of mixing chamber 3.
- the cold produced can be used to cool a user (symbolized by the reference 24 in [Fig. 1]).
- the working circuit 20 comprises at least a first portion 9 of heat exchange between at least part of the first set of pipes 2, 4 and the second set of pipes 7.
- the first portion 9 of heat exchange is located between the boiler 5 and the mixing chamber 3.
- This heat exchange portion 9 uses, for example, at least one counter-current heat exchanger which makes it possible to pre-cool the phase concentrated in Helium3 reinjected into the mixing box 3 by the diluted helium3 phase which rises from this box 5. mixing to the boiler 5.
- the transfer member 6 comprises for example a compressor for the cycle fluid.
- this compressor 6 operates at ambient temperature (for example outside a cold box 29 which contains the rest of the device). That is to say that this compressor 6 can be at a non-cryogenic temperature in the operating configuration of the dilution refrigeration device 1.
- the device 1 further comprises at least one cooling member 22 in thermal exchange with the working circuit 20 and configured to transfer frigories to the cycle fluid, that is to say to cool the cycle fluid.
- the cooling member 22 comprises a heat exchange with the working circuit 20 (second pipe assembly 7) to cool the fluid at the outlet of the transfer member 6 (for example at 1.3 to 1, 4K).
- the working circuit 20 further comprises a cryogenic pumping member 8 located between the boiler 5 and the transfer member 6.
- the device 1 therefore comprises at least one thermally insulated cold box 29 which contains all or part of the cold components (cryogenic of the device 1).
- the pumping member 8 is located in the cold box 29.
- This cryogenic pumping member 8 thus preferably operates at cold temperatures between the temperature of the boiler and the ambient temperature (ambient temperature excluded).
- the transfer member 6 is preferably located outside the cold box 29 (for example at room temperature) but could also be located in the cold box 29 in certain variants.
- This cryogenic pumping member 8 is configured to pump the fluid, for example at a temperature of 1.8K to 4K.
- This pumping member 8 comprises for example a turbo type pump molecular, "Holweck”, centrifugal wheel or any combination of these technologies.
- This pumping member 8 is configured for a low pressure (about 0.1 millibar for example) and a low temperature (for example about 700 / 850mK) in accordance with the operation of the boiler 5.
- This cryogenic pumping member 8 is preferably configured for pump helium3 having a pressure of about 0.1mbar or less.
- This architecture with a pumping member 8 in the cold part of the circuit 20 makes it possible to increase the flow rate of cycle fluid and therefore the cooling power produced.
- This arrangement makes it possible in particular to achieve cold powers produced which could not be achieved by known systems (due in particular to the sizes of the compressors 6 required and the expected efficiency).
- the device comprises several heat exchangers 9 countercurrently in the circuit 20 between the mixing chamber 3 and the boiler 5.
- the device 1 comprises a second portion 10 of heat exchange between at least one. part of the first pipe assembly 2, 4 and the second pipe assembly 7 and located between the boiler 5 and the transfer member 6.
- This second exchange portion 10 can comprise a heat exchanger countercurrent between the two sets of pipes 2, 7.
- This heat exchanger 10 can be in exchange of heat with a cooling member 12 which thus provides a pre- cooling of the cycle fluid (for example to a temperature of the order of 4K).
- Another (third) heat exchange portion 23 may be provided (in addition or alternately) between the pumping member 8 and the boiler 5.
- This third heat exchange portion 23 may be provided for example to ensure a pre-cooling of the cycle fluid (for example to a temperature of the order of 1.8K).
- the third heat exchange portion 23 can receive cold from a cooling member 22.
- the circuit 20 can include a portion 11 of heat exchange between the second assembly of pipes 7 and the boiler 5.
- This heat exchange can for example bring the cycle fluid to a temperature of the order of 0, 6 to 1K for example.
- the fluid can reach a temperature below 20mK, for example up to 5mK.
- the fluid in the boiler 5 has for example a pressure of between 0.05 and 0.1 mbar.
- This architecture allows pumping in the pipe 4, 2 to rise to ambient temperature at a higher pressure than in the configuration of known systems.
- This architecture makes it possible to limit the problems of pressure losses in the pumping line down to ambient temperature and a reduction in the volume flow rate in the compression member 6.
- This pumping member 8 provides cold compression which increases the flow rate while drastically reducing the size and the energy required for pumping (compared to architectures with compressions at ambient temperature).
- This pumping member 8 can pump the fluid for example with a delivery pressure of between 10 and 500mbar, in particular 300mbar.
- cryogenic pumping member 8 can be located at any cycle temperature 20 between the boiler 5 and the transfer member 6 (in the case of the compressor in particular) which is at ambient temperature.
- This pumping member 8 can, where appropriate, be thermalized (that is to say placed in cold or kept cold) by the aforementioned cooling member 22 (or another cooling member 12 of the device).
- the transfer member 6 comprises or consists of a heat exchanger 26 which is preferably also in the cold part of the device 1. That is to say that, at the outlet of the pumping member 8 cryogenic, the pumped fluid is kept cold before being returned to the second pipe assembly 7 of the circuit 20.
- This configuration can be obtained after starting the device which comprises a hot transfer member 6 such as a compressor as described. above. That is to say that the device is started for example in the configuration of [Fig. 2] then the compressor 6 switched off or bypassed by a cold exchanger 6 and the whole of the device 1 is cold (in a cold box for example).
- the exchanger 26 of the transfer member 6 can be configured to heat exchange with a cold source (a cooling member 22 for example) with a view to pre-cooling, for example at a temperature of 4K.
- the at least one cooling member 22, 12 which is provided for cooling or pre-cooling the cycle fluid preferably comprises a cryogenic refrigerator (and / or liquefier).
- a cryogenic refrigerator and / or liquefier.
- An example of a combination of such a refrigerator and a dilution refrigeration device is shown in [Fig. 4] (or more schematically in [Fig. 8]).
- the refrigerator 12 generally comprising a working circuit 13 forming a loop and containing a working fluid (preferably comprising helium and optionally at least one other gas: hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, etc.) cf. [Fig. 4].
- a working fluid preferably comprising helium and optionally at least one other gas: hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, etc.
- the working circuit 13 forms a cycle comprising in series: a mechanism 14 for compressing the working fluid (one or more compressors in series and / or in parallel), a mechanism 15 for cooling the working fluid (exchanger (s) of counter-current heat for example), a mechanism for expanding the working fluid (one or more expansion turbines 16 and / or expansion valves 17 of the Joule-Thomson or other type), a mechanism for heating the working fluid (eg counter-current exchanger (s) to heat the working fluid returning to the compression mechanism).
- a mechanism 14 for compressing the working fluid one or more compressors in series and / or in parallel
- a mechanism 15 for cooling the working fluid exchanger (s) of counter-current heat for example
- a mechanism for expanding the working fluid one or more expansion turbines 16 and / or expansion valves 17 of the Joule-Thomson or other type
- a mechanism for heating the working fluid eg counter-current exchanger (s) to heat the working fluid returning to the compression mechanism.
- At least one cold compressor 25 may be provided in the circuit before the countercurrent exchanger 15 and before the return to the compression mechanism 14.
- the working gas is subjected in the circuit to a thermodynamic cycle of the reverse Claude or Ericsson type.
- the refrigerator 12 has at least a portion 18, 27 of heat exchange between the working fluid expanded in the expansion mechanism 16 and at least a portion of the cycle fluid of the dilution refrigeration device 1, for cooling and / or pre-cool.
- the cryogenic refrigerator 12 preferably comprises at least one tank 19 for storing liquefied working gas downstream of the mechanism 16, 17 for expanding the working fluid.
- the refrigerator 12 is configured to liquefy the working fluid in the tank or tanks 19.
- the portion or portions 18, 27 of heat exchange between the expanded working fluid and at least part of the cycle fluid of the dilution refrigeration device 1 preferably comprises a heat exchange between the liquefied working fluid located in the at least one. minus a tank 19 and the cycle fluid of the dilution refrigeration device 1.
- the cryogenic refrigerator 12 comprises two liquefied working gas storage tanks 19 located at separate locations of the working circuit.
- the refrigerator 12 is configured to liquefy the cycle fluid in said tanks 19 at distinct respective cycle temperatures (for example, according to the direction of circulation of the working fluid, respectively liquid helium at 4K and liquid at 1, 8K).
- the liquefied working fluids located in said tanks 19 are placed in thermal exchange with the cycle fluid of the dilution refrigeration device at respective separate locations 18, 27 of the working circuit of the dilution refrigeration device 1.
- the heat exchange between the liquefied fluid and the cycle fluid of the dilution refrigeration device 1 is symbolized by a heat exchange portion of the working circuit 20 with the bath of the tanks. More precisely, a first portion 27 of the second set 7 of pipes (and / or portion 18 of the first set of pipes 4) is in direct heat exchange with the interior of a tank 19 and a second portion 27 of the second set 7 pipe (and / or portion 18 of the first pipe assembly 2) is in direct heat exchange with the interior of the other tank 19).
- all the cold (cryogenic) parts of the installation can be placed in a cold box 29 thermally insulated and under vacuum. That is to say that only the transfer member 6 (compressor) and the mechanism 14 of compression, which are at a non-cryogenic temperature (eg ambient) are outside the cold box 29.
- the member (s) 12, 22 for cooling / pre-cooling the device of [Fig. 3] can include or consist of the same refrigeration device of [Fig. 4] described above, for example a Claude cycle precooling refrigerator having a cold power available at 4 to 5 K and 1 to 2K for example. That is to say, a liquefier or refrigerator 12 can supply all or part of the cold power to the dilution refrigeration device 1 of [Fig. 3].
- the cold transfer member 6 (cold heat exchanger 26) could also be in the cold box 29 (only the compression mechanism 14 would be placed outside).
- the dilution cooling device 1 may comprise several dilution loops each comprising a respective mixing chamber 3 and a boiler 5.
- the working circuit 20 of the cycle fluid can thus comprise several first sets of distinct pipes 2, 4 and several second sets of distinct pipes 7. That is to say that the production of cold can comprise several dilution systems which preferably share at least part of the constituent members.
- This is shown schematically in particular in [Fig. 5] where two dilution loops have been represented and two other potential loops have been symbolized by dotted lines.
- the elements already described are designated by the same numerical references and are not explained in detail a second. In [Fig. 9] only three dilution loops have been shown.
- At least part of the several dilution loops can comprise a common transfer member 6 (compressor and / or exchanger as described above). That is to say that the cycle fluid circulating in several dilution loops passes through the same unit 6 for shared transfer.
- the first sets of pipes 2, 4 and second sets of corresponding pipes 7 can thus be connected in parallel to the common transfer member 6.
- the several dilution loops may comprise a common pumping member 8, that is to say that the cycle fluid circulating in several dilution loops passes (is pumped) in the same member 8 of pooled pumping in a common collector pipe.
- the first sets of pipes 2, 4 and / or the corresponding second sets of pipes 7 can then be connected in parallel to said common pumping member 8.
- one or more or all of the different dilution loops can comprise one or more own pumping member (s) which is not shared. That is to say that, in addition to the shared pumping member (s) 8, one or more dilution loops may include one or more pumping member 8 located on a pipe which is not shared with another pumping loop. dilution.
- all or part of these multiple dilution refrigeration systems can be precooled and / or cooled by a single cooling / precooling member 12, 22.
- the common cooling apparatus can thus comprise a cryogenic refrigerator 12 as described above (comprising a working circuit 13 forming a loop and containing a working fluid containing for example helium, the working circuit 13 forming a cycle comprising in series: a mechanism 14 for compressing the working fluid, a mechanism 15 for cooling the working fluid, a mechanism 16, 17 for expanding the working fluid and a mechanism 15 for heating the working fluid).
- This refrigerator 12 comprises at least a portion 18 of heat exchange between the working fluid expanded in the expansion mechanism 16 and at least a portion of the cycle fluid of the several distinct dilution loops of the dilution refrigeration device.
- the cryogenic refrigerator forming the common cooling apparatus may comprise at least one tank 19 for storing liquefied working gas (in particular two tanks).
- the device comprising a transfer pipe 21 connecting each storage tank 19 to at least a portion 18 of at least part of the several distinct dilution loops of the dilution refrigeration device to ensure heat exchange between the working fluid and the cycle fluid in each of said dilution loops of the dilution refrigeration device.
- the fluid used to cool / pre-cool the dilution loops is returned to the working circuit 13 via a respective return pipe 121.
- the [Fig. 6] shows a schematic view of a possible exemplary part of the structure of a part of one of the dilution loops of [Fig. 5].
- the cryogenic pumping unit 8 is pooled (and is not shown). That is to say that the fluid leaving the boiler 5 is returned to the common pumping member 8.
- the pre-cooling of the dilution loop comprises a first reserve 18 of liquefied cooling fluid (for example at a temperature of 4K) in heat exchange with the dilution loop (the second assembly 7 of pipes in particular) before the boiler 5.
- the pre-cooling of the dilution loop comprises a second reserve 18 of liquefied cooling fluid (for example at a temperature of 1.8K) in heat exchange with the dilution loop (the second assembly 7 of pipes in particular) between the first reserve and the boiler 5.
- a second reserve 18 of liquefied cooling fluid for example at a temperature of 1.8K
- FIG. 7 shows the possible arrangement of the fluidic connections of the different dilution loops in the common refrigerator.
- the transfer conduits 21 supplying respectively the reserves 18 of six liquefaction loops with a view to their pre-cooling and the six respective return conduits 121 returning the liquefied cryogenic fluid having served to pre-cool six dilution loops.
- the transfer conduits 21 can each comprise a valve 28 for controlling or stopping the flow.
- the transfer pipes 21 are connected to a first tank 19 for storing liquefied working gas.
- the return pipes 121 are connected to the working circuit.
- the ends of the first sets 2 of pipes are connected to a collecting pipe comprising the common cryogenic pumping member 8.
- transfer conduits 21 supplying respectively the reserves 18 of six liquefaction loops with a view to their cooling and the six respective return conduits 121 returning the liquefied cryogenic fluid having served to cool six dilution loops.
- the transfer pipes 21 are connected to a second tank
- the return pipes 121 are connected to the working circuit.
- the device 1 allows a distributed architecture comprising several (six in this example but which could be any other, for example ten or more) distinct dilution loops producing cold and cooled by a member 12 or central cryostat ensuring pre-cooling fluids cycles from room temperature to a target cryogenic temperature (e.g. 4K or / and 1.8K)
- a target cryogenic temperature e.g. 4K or / and 1.8K
- cryogenic pumping member 8 of the boiler 5 of the cold stages of the satellite dilutions is pooled.
- this architecture with multiple dilution loops makes it possible, in addition to its modularity, to isolate one or more loops for repair while the other dilution loops are active.
- the common cooling member 12 enables efficient cooling of the various components.
- the invention makes it possible to increase the pumping flow capacity which increases the cold power produced by dilution.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2001727A FR3107586B1 (fr) | 2020-02-21 | 2020-02-21 | Dispositif et procédé de réfrigération à dilution |
PCT/EP2021/052495 WO2021165042A1 (fr) | 2020-02-21 | 2021-02-03 | Dispositif et procédé de réfrigération à dilution |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4107450A1 true EP4107450A1 (fr) | 2022-12-28 |
EP4107450B1 EP4107450B1 (fr) | 2024-04-03 |
Family
ID=71111536
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21702045.2A Active EP4107450B1 (fr) | 2020-02-21 | 2021-02-03 | Dispositif et procédé de réfrigération à dilution |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230107973A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4107450B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3168530A1 (fr) |
FI (1) | FI4107450T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3107586B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021165042A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR3099818B1 (fr) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-11-04 | Air Liquide | Dispositif de réfrigération et installation et procédé de refroidissement et/ou de liquéfaction |
WO2023077222A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-05-11 | Anyon Systems Inc. | Réfrigérateur à dilution comprenant un liquéfacteur d'hélium à écoulement continu |
FR3129201B1 (fr) * | 2021-11-16 | 2024-01-19 | Air Liquide | Système de pompage cryogénique et intégration innovante pour la cryogénie Sub Kelvin inférieure à 1,5K |
FR3129465B1 (fr) * | 2021-11-19 | 2024-06-14 | Air Liquide | Dispositif de réfrigération à dilution |
WO2023147671A1 (fr) * | 2022-02-07 | 2023-08-10 | Anyon Systems Inc. | Réfrigérateur à dilution à cryostats multiples |
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FR2574914B1 (fr) * | 1984-12-17 | 1987-03-06 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Cryostat a dilution |
JP3580531B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-20 | 2004-10-27 | 大陽東洋酸素株式会社 | 希釈冷凍機 |
JP3644683B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-28 | 2005-05-11 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 希釈冷凍機 |
JP4791894B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-14 | 2011-10-12 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 希釈冷凍機 |
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2020
- 2020-02-21 FR FR2001727A patent/FR3107586B1/fr active Active
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2021
- 2021-02-03 US US17/800,982 patent/US20230107973A1/en active Pending
- 2021-02-03 EP EP21702045.2A patent/EP4107450B1/fr active Active
- 2021-02-03 FI FIEP21702045.2T patent/FI4107450T3/fi active
- 2021-02-03 WO PCT/EP2021/052495 patent/WO2021165042A1/fr unknown
- 2021-02-03 CA CA3168530A patent/CA3168530A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP4107450B1 (fr) | 2024-04-03 |
FI4107450T3 (fi) | 2024-05-15 |
FR3107586B1 (fr) | 2022-11-18 |
US20230107973A1 (en) | 2023-04-06 |
CA3168530A1 (fr) | 2021-08-26 |
FR3107586A1 (fr) | 2021-08-27 |
WO2021165042A1 (fr) | 2021-08-26 |
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