EP4104238A1 - Imidazolinylid-verbindung zur verwendung als shut-down-additiv für lithium-ionen-batterien sowie elektrolyt und batterie - Google Patents
Imidazolinylid-verbindung zur verwendung als shut-down-additiv für lithium-ionen-batterien sowie elektrolyt und batterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4104238A1 EP4104238A1 EP21712955.0A EP21712955A EP4104238A1 EP 4104238 A1 EP4104238 A1 EP 4104238A1 EP 21712955 A EP21712955 A EP 21712955A EP 4104238 A1 EP4104238 A1 EP 4104238A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- imidazolinylid
- compound
- additive
- compound according
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical group CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 hydrogen fluoride amine salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical class [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- VVQCUKJZYCYDFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1C(N(CC1)C)=C1C(C=CC=C1)B(Cl)Cl Chemical compound CN1C(N(CC1)C)=C1C(C=CC=C1)B(Cl)Cl VVQCUKJZYCYDFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001190 organyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical class Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101150041968 CDC13 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VIRGYRUIPULNIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1C(N(CC1)C)=C1C(C=CC=C1)B(F)F Chemical compound CN1C(N(CC1)C)=C1C(C=CC=C1)B(F)F VIRGYRUIPULNIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPIMZAKRTOXRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N[C]N Chemical class N[C]N MPIMZAKRTOXRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100023874 RING-box protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710178917 RING-box protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004630 atomic force microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- NCQDQONETMHUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(phenyl)borane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 NCQDQONETMHUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002037 dichloromethane fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- AYIZUGQPPRPVJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoro(methyl)borane Chemical compound CB(F)F AYIZUGQPPRPVJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKZIUSOJQLYFSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoroboron Chemical compound F[B]F OKZIUSOJQLYFSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002221 fluorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001566 impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical class ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDADIYYMSXQJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilicon Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)Cl PPDADIYYMSXQJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000925 very toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Imidazolinylid compound for use as a shut-down additive for lithium-ion batteries as well as electrolyte and
- the invention relates to an imidazole ylide compound for use as a shut-down additive for lithium-ion batteries as well as an electrolyte and a battery.
- the electrolyte has a key function with regard to performance, service life and safety due to the interaction with all other active and inactive materials used.
- the liquid electrolyte has a significant influence on many chemical and technological aspects of a battery.
- the spectrum ranges from conductivity - due to the dissolving power of the conductive salts - to electrochemical and thermal stability, flammability and wettability to the formation of the "Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)" on the anode and the "Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) "at the cathode.
- the liquid electrolyte as the core component of every battery cell consists of a conductive salt (LiPF ö ) and a mixture of selected linear and cyclic organic carbonates, also known as the standard electrolyte.
- LiPF ö conductive salt
- a disadvantage of this electrolyte is that it does not have any intrinsic chemical overcharge protection. This can lead to a thermal runaway of the cell during overcharging (M. Yoshio, R J. Brodd, A. Kozawa, Lithium-Ion Batteries: Science and Technologies, ISBN 978-0-387-34444 -7. Springer-Verlag New York, 2009, p 91.).
- overcharge protection additives By adding overcharge protection additives to the standard electrolyte, the charging process can be stopped at a certain potential and thus the thermal continuity of the battery can be prevented.
- overcharge protection additives Two different types are known in the literature. The so-called “redox shuttle” additives are oxidized at the cathode and the product obtained then migrates to the anode, where it is reduced. The problem with these additives is that their chemical stability is too low (a] K. Xu, Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 11503-11618; b] K. Xu, Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4303- 4417 .).
- shut-down additives decompose on the electrode and thereby switch off the cell before the cell can pass through thermal energy.
- the problem with these compounds is that they have a negative influence on the cyclization of the cell (a] MQ Xu, J. Power Sources, 2008. 184, 427-431; b] S. Tobishima, Y. Ogino, Y. Watanabe , J. Appl. Electrochem., 2003. 33, 143-150.).
- NHC-PF5 and NHC-PF4CF3 contain a phosphate group which can be converted into toxic substances such as PF5 if the battery is damaged or exposed to thermal stress, such as a car accident.
- NHC-BF3 has this problem does not arise, but is limited by a decomposition voltage of 4.5 V to use at correspondingly lower voltages.
- the object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.
- it is an object of the invention to provide a class of shutdown additives which have only a slight or essentially no influence on the cyclization of the cell.
- a further object of the invention is to provide shutdown additives which enable the use of a higher working voltage, the provision of cells with an increased service life and cells with a higher energy efficiency.
- an imidazolinylide compound for use as a shut-down additive for lithium-ion batteries of the formula (I) where R 1 to R 4 are each independently a linear or branched CI to CI6 alkyl group or a C2 to C16 alkenyl group or a C3 to C8 cycloalkyl group or a C3 to CI6 arene group, where R 2 and / or R 3 can also be H, where R 1 to R 4 are each independently completely, partially or non-fluorinated, where R 1 to R 3 can each also have 0 as a heteroatom.
- the compounds according to the invention enable the use of a higher working voltage, the provision of cells with an increased service life and higher energy efficiency.
- the compounds according to the invention which allow a higher decomposition voltage during use, it is possible to operate cells at a higher working voltage while an unintentional shutdown of the cell can be avoided.
- a higher capacity retention improves the service life of the cells with electrolytes according to the invention, while a higher Coulombic efficiency contributes to the higher energy efficiency during use.
- a “shutdown” of the cell is understood to mean, in particular, a blocked ion transport and a reduced specific capacity.
- a “shutdown” can also be referred to as “shutdown” or “shutdown”.
- the shutdown effect is caused, for example, by the fact that the additive decomposes at a defined potential and a passivation layer is formed on the cathode surface, thereby blocking the transport of lithium ions.
- NMCIII cell is understood to mean a cell with a molar ratio of nickel-manganese-cobalt of 1: 1: 1.
- the shutdown potential can be influenced and tailored to the appropriate application
- the different substituents have different effects on the shutdown potential.
- the shutdown additive can be adapted to the desired requirement through the selective selection of the substituents.
- the cut-off voltage increases the higher the fluorine content.
- An embodiment of the group R 1 as fluorinated group leads to an average increase in the cut-off voltage.
- a configuration of the groups R 2 and R 3 as a fluorinated group only leads to a slight increase in the switch-off voltage.
- the switch-off voltage can be increased further. The following applies here: the higher the total fluorine content of the compound, the higher the switch-off voltage.
- Another possibility for increasing the switch-off voltage is the introduction of aromatic groups, in particular the configuration of R 4 as a phenyl group.
- the solubility of the imidazolinylide compound can be increased by using heteroatoms in the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 or R 4.
- the polarity of the imidazole ylide compound can be reduced.
- the stability of the imidazole ylide compound can be increased by using aromatic groups in the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 or R 4.
- R 2 is preferably the same as R 3 .
- R 4 is preferably CF 3 , CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , C 2 F 5 , phenyl or C 5 F 6 .
- the object is achieved by a process for the preparation of an imidazolinylid compound with the following steps:
- halogen derivative of the imidazolinylid compound wherein the halogen derivative corresponds to the imidazoline ylide compound in which a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom is present instead of the fluorine atoms bonded to the boron atom,
- the halogen derivative of the imidazolinylid compound is provided, for example, by the reaction of an organic boron dihalide RBX2 with a tetrachlorosilane-carbene complex.
- triethylamine trihydrogen fluoride is used as the hydrogen fluoride amine salt.
- the electrolyte contains an imidazole ylide compound described above.
- the invention also relates to a battery which contains an electrolyte as described above.
- Hexafluorophosphate EC ethylene carbonate. DEC diethyl carbonate.
- XPS- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy English: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
- AFM - atomic force microscope, also atomic force microscope or atomic force microscope English: Atomic Force Microscopy).
- FIG. 1 four diagrams with cycling of NMC111
- the number of cycles 115 is indicated on the abscissa in each of the four graphs.
- the ordinate in each case indicates the specific capacity in milliamperes per gram 105 .
- an empty box symbol represents the specific capacity that is applied during charging and a filled box symbol represents the specific capacity that is reached during discharging.
- the potential 107 fluctuates between approximately 3 volts and approximately 4.25 volts during charging and discharging up to the 10th cycle. This can also be observed in the lower left graph 103, so the shutdown additive has no influence on the potential 107 before overcharging. From the 11th cycle, the upper right graph 101 and the lower left graph 103 An overcharging can be observed in each case: the potential 107 approaches approximately 5 volts in the upper right graph 101. In the lower left graph 103, the potential 107 approaches only about 4.5 volts until decomposition of the shutdown additive 111 is observed and the potential 107 initially only rises slightly.
- Production example shutdown additive 1 [36] 20 ml of solvent CH 2 Cl 2; Yield 85% white solid.
- the shut-down additive 2 was produced in the same way as the shut-down additive 1.
- shut-down additive 3 was produced in the same way as the shut-down additive 1.
- the shut-down additive 4 was produced analogously to the shut-down additive 1.
- a microporous separator was used Ceramic-coated film used (under the brand name Separion ® from Evonik Industries AG). The cells were formed with a C rate of 0.1C and a subsequent C rate of IC was galvanostatically cycled at 20 ° C. The C-rate describes the charging (or discharging) current of a battery in relation to the capacity C.
- shut-down additive 1 in one case without the addition of shut-down additive 1, in the other case with the addition of 1% shut-down additive 1 (% by weight) to each 5th cycle, an overcharge was carried out at 3.0-4.95 V vs. Li / Li +.
- shut-down effect was carried out by means of galvanostatic cycling, as well as by means of impedance spectroscopy (strong increase in charge transfer resistance observed), by means of XPS (decomposition products of the additive were identified and the thickness of the passivation layer was determined ).
- the shut-down effect was visualized using the imaging methods AFM and SEM.
- Table 1 shows the decomposition voltage, the retention of capacity and the Coulombic efficiency of the compounds according to the invention (NHC-BF 2 -Ph and NHC-BF 2 -CH 3 ) and the compounds from the prior art (NHC-BF 3 and NHC -PF 4 - CF 3 ), in each case when used in an electrolyte under the above-mentioned conditions.
- the shut-down additive was used in a 0.1 M concentration in each case.
- Table 1 Decomposition voltage, the retention of capacity and the Coulombic efficiency of the compounds according to the invention and the compounds from the prior art.
- a cell with an electrolyte containing NHC-BF 2 -Ph as a shut-down additive shows a significantly better galvanostatic cycle behavior than an otherwise identical cell with a shut-down additive from the prior art (both NHC-BF 3 or NHC-PF 4 -CF 3 ).
- the cycle behavior can be read from the decomposition voltage, the capacity retention and the Coulomb efficiency.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102020103326.5A DE102020103326A1 (de) | 2020-02-10 | 2020-02-10 | Imidazolinylid-Verbindung zur Verwendung als Shut-Down- Additiv für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien sowie Elektrolyt und Batterie |
PCT/DE2021/200011 WO2021160226A1 (de) | 2020-02-10 | 2021-02-09 | Imidazolinylid-verbindung zur verwendung als shut-down-additiv für lithium-ionen-batterien sowie elektrolyt und batterie |
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EP4104238A1 true EP4104238A1 (de) | 2022-12-21 |
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EP21712955.0A Pending EP4104238A1 (de) | 2020-02-10 | 2021-02-09 | Imidazolinylid-verbindung zur verwendung als shut-down-additiv für lithium-ionen-batterien sowie elektrolyt und batterie |
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US (1) | US20230099524A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4104238A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2023513253A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20220139316A (de) |
CN (1) | CN115280570A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020103326A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021160226A1 (de) |
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DE102012102535A1 (de) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | Jacobs University Bremen Ggmbh | 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-yliden tetrachlorsilizium(IV) als Carben-Transfer-Reagenz zur Darstellung von Carben-Komplexen von Übergansmetallen und Hauptgruppenelementen |
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2020
- 2020-02-10 DE DE102020103326.5A patent/DE102020103326A1/de active Pending
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2021
- 2021-02-09 CN CN202180013948.9A patent/CN115280570A/zh active Pending
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CN115280570A (zh) | 2022-11-01 |
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JP2023513253A (ja) | 2023-03-30 |
KR20220139316A (ko) | 2022-10-14 |
DE102020103326A1 (de) | 2021-08-12 |
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