EP4098539B1 - Navire pour le transport ou l'utilisation d'un fluide froid - Google Patents

Navire pour le transport ou l'utilisation d'un fluide froid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4098539B1
EP4098539B1 EP22173908.9A EP22173908A EP4098539B1 EP 4098539 B1 EP4098539 B1 EP 4098539B1 EP 22173908 A EP22173908 A EP 22173908A EP 4098539 B1 EP4098539 B1 EP 4098539B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
threshold value
cofferdam
internal space
transverse
vessel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP22173908.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4098539A1 (fr
Inventor
Mohamed Sassi
Laurent Spittael
Nicolas ANQUEZ
Gregory DULAC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Publication of EP4098539A1 publication Critical patent/EP4098539A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B11/00—Interior subdivision of hulls
    • B63B11/04—Constructional features of bunkers, e.g. structural fuel tanks, or ballast tanks, e.g. with elastic walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • B63J2/14—Heating; Cooling of liquid-freight-carrying tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
    • F17C2203/0383—Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/032—Avoiding freezing or defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of vessels for transporting a cold fluid.
  • the invention relates to the field of ships comprising watertight and thermally insulating tanks for the transport of a liquefied gas, in particular LNG, and to ships powered by liquefied gas, for example powered by LNG.
  • Liquefied natural gas is stored in sealed and thermally insulating tanks, in a state of two-phase liquid/vapor equilibrium, at cryogenic temperatures, in particular Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is at approximately -162°C at atmospheric pressure.
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • the tank can be produced using different techniques, notably in the form of an integrated membrane cargo tank or a self-supporting tank.
  • the thermal insulation barriers of liquefied natural gas storage tanks and adjacent compartments are the site of a thermal flow tending to heat the contents of the tanks, which results in evaporation of the liquefied natural gas.
  • the gas resulting from natural evaporation is generally used to supply a gas-consuming organ, in order to valorize it.
  • the evaporated gas is used to power the power train to propel the ship.
  • it makes it possible to recover the gas resulting from natural evaporation in liquefied gas transport tanks, it does not make it possible to reduce its quantity.
  • Boil-Off Rate (BOR) of the liquid contained in the tank is a significant problem leading in particular to a loss of part of the cargo.
  • liquefied natural gas it is also common for liquefied natural gas to be shipped to constitute the, or at least one of, the fuel ensuring the propulsion of ships of all types, for example LNG carriers or LNG ships, oil tankers, but also container ships.
  • LNG carriers or LNG ships we then speak of a ship powered by LNG or in English “LNG Fueled Ship” or LFS.
  • LNG Fueled Ship In such ships, it is common for at least one LNG tank to be located near a heat source, for example an engine room. Examples of LNG transport vessels are described in US 2016/159438 A1 , KR 2015 0011439 A2 Or JP 2006 143003 A .
  • An idea underlying the invention is to provide a vessel whose temperature can be lowered in the internal space of a transverse cofferdam in order to reduce the heat flows between this internal space and an adjacent tank and therefore the rate of evaporation in the tank containing cold liquid.
  • An objective is for example to reduce the BOR by 5% or 6%.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to reduce the heat flows between hollow spaces of the ship adjacent to the LNG storage tanks and the external environment, in particular ballast water and atmospheric air, for example reducing the flows thermals passing through the periphery of the cofferdams.
  • Another idea underlying the invention is to reduce the heat flows in the cofferdams located between a hot source and an LNG tank in order to protect said hot source and said LNG tank from changes in temperature.
  • Another idea behind the invention is to manage the gaseous atmosphere in the cofferdams of a ship.
  • Another idea underlying the invention is to reduce the temperature in the cofferdams in order to reduce the BOR in the tanks storing the LNG.
  • Another idea underlying the invention is to obtain an equilibrium temperature in the cofferdams, for example -15 degrees Celsius (°C) or -25°C, while preserving its integrity.
  • the invention thus proposes to integrate a gas management installation to manage a gaseous atmosphere in a hollow space of the ship such as the cofferdams to solve the technical problems presented.
  • fluid includes liquids and gases.
  • cold or “cryogenic” is defined as a low temperature, for example negative temperatures (in °C) such as -50°C or -162°C.
  • cofferdam is defined as being a hollow separation space in a ship adjacent to at least one tank, it can also be called “cofferdam” or “dry mesh”.
  • valve means a gate or valve.
  • the pressure of the gas atmosphere in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam is regulated so as to remain higher than the ambient pressure, so that spontaneous entry of ambient air and humidity is prevented.
  • the gas management installation makes it possible to maintain the relative pressure in a positive range between the second threshold value and the first threshold value despite temperature variations in the internal space and variations in ambient pressure. Thanks to the first threshold value, it is possible to limit the pressure which will be exerted on the pair of transverse partitions and the upper wall of the transverse cofferdam.
  • such a vessel may include one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the pressure regulator is further configured to: close the inlet valve when the pressure in the internal space becomes greater than a third threshold value between the second threshold value and the first threshold value.
  • the operation of the inlet valve is optimized and also makes it possible to avoid too many openings or closings of the inlet valve which could lead to premature wear of the equipment.
  • a difference between the third threshold value and the second threshold value is less than 2 kPa (kilopascal) (20 mbarg).
  • a difference between the third threshold value and the second threshold value is between 0.5 kPa and 1.5 kPa, for example a difference of 1 kPa.
  • the pressure regulator is further connected to the evacuation valve, the pressure regulator is further configured to: open the drain valve when the pressure in the internal space becomes higher than the first threshold value.
  • the pressure regulator is further configured to: close the evacuation valve when the pressure in the internal space becomes lower than a fourth threshold value between the first threshold value and the second threshold value.
  • the operation of the evacuation valve is optimized and also makes it possible to avoid too many openings or closings of the evacuation valve which could lead to premature wear of the equipment.
  • a difference between the fourth threshold value and the first threshold value is less than 2 kPa (20 mbarg).
  • a difference between the fourth threshold value and the first threshold value is between 0.5 kPa and 1.5 kPa, for example a difference of 1 kPa.
  • the evacuation valve is a mechanically opening and closing evacuation valve configured to: open when a relative pressure in the internal space becomes greater than the first threshold value.
  • the evacuation valve is configured to: close when the pressure in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam becomes less than a fourth threshold value between the first threshold value and the second threshold value.
  • the evacuation valve is chosen from, a plug valve, a needle valve, a butterfly valve, a gate valve, a flap valve, a non-return flap valve, a piston valve, a diaphragm valve, a high speed vacuum pressure relief valve, a safety valve, a spring or poppet safety valve.
  • the second threshold value is between 1kPa (10 mbarg) and 10 kPa (100 mbarg), preferably between 2kPa (20 mbarg) and 5 kPa (50 mbarg).
  • the second threshold value is 2kPa or 5 kPa.
  • the first threshold value is between 12 kPa (120 mbarg) and 18 kPa (180 mbarg), preferably between 13 kPa (130 mbarg) and 15 kPa (150 mbarg).
  • the first threshold value is 14 kPa (140 mbarg).
  • the gas management installation further comprises a gas sampling valve, the gas sampling valve being mounted on the gas evacuation conduit, upstream of the evacuation valve in order to allow sampling of a volume of gas coming from the internal space of the transverse cofferdam.
  • the pair of transverse partitions is manufactured in a steel grade chosen from grade D, grade E, grade DH and/or grade EH.
  • a Grade D and/or Grade E steel grade is preferred.
  • the pair of transverse partitions has a thickness greater than or equal to 10 mm, for example a thickness between 10 mm and 50 mm, preferably a thickness between 15 mm and 20 mm.
  • the longitudinal walls of the cofferdam are manufactured in a grade of steel chosen from grade D, grade E, grade DH and/or grade EH.
  • grade D grade E
  • grade DH grade DH
  • grade EH grade D and/or Grade E steel grade is preferred.
  • the longitudinal walls of the cofferdam have a thickness greater than or equal to 10 mm, for example a thickness between 10 mm and 50 mm, preferably a thickness between 15 mm and 20 mm.
  • the transverse cofferdam comprises a thermal insulator.
  • the heat flows are reduced between the sealed and thermally insulating tank and the heat source(s) located near said tank.
  • the thermal insulator is located on an exterior surface of the cofferdam. According to one embodiment, the thermal insulator is located on an exterior surface of the pair of transverse partitions.
  • the thermal insulator is located in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam, the thermal insulator being preferably fixed on longitudinal walls of the transverse cofferdam including the upper wall and a portion of the internal shell.
  • the gas management installation allows the thermal insulation to be maintained in a dry state.
  • the thermal insulation is not damaged by humidity or waterlogged.
  • the thermal properties of the thermal insulation are therefore optimally preserved.
  • the thermal insulator when the transverse cofferdam is adjacent to a single tank, the thermal insulator also covers the partition of the pair of partitions which is furthest from said tank.
  • the thermal insulator is a thermally insulating glass wool covered on an external face by a metal foil or a thermally insulating foam.
  • the thermal insulator is thermally insulating glass wool covered on an external face with a metal foil, for example a layer of aluminum.
  • the thermally insulating foam is a polyurethane foam (PUF).
  • the density of the thermally insulating glass wool is between 20 kg/m 3 and 60 kg/m 3 , preferably the density is 22 kg/m 3 .
  • the density of the thermally insulating foam is between 20 kg/m 3 and 80 kg/m 3 , preferably the density is 50 kg/m 3 .
  • the thickness of the thermally insulating glass wool is between 100 mm and 400 mm, preferably between 200 mm and 350 mm, for example 200 mm.
  • the thickness of the thermally insulating foam is between 100 mm and 400 mm, preferably between 200 mm and 350 mm, for example 200 mm.
  • the dry air supply conduit passes through the upper wall.
  • the second end of the dry air supply duct opens near a bottom wall of the transverse cofferdam.
  • the gas evacuation conduit passes through the upper wall.
  • the first end of the gas evacuation conduit is located near the upper wall.
  • the dry air sent into the internal space of the transverse cofferdam makes it possible to more effectively evacuate the gas located in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam via the evacuation duct.
  • the dry air supply duct and the gas evacuation duct are made of steel or other material chosen from steel: stainless, grade D, grade E, grade DH and/ or EH guard.
  • a humidity level in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam is maintained below 25%, for example below 15% and preferably below 5%. According to one embodiment, the humidity level in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam is close to 0%.
  • the dry air has a dew point temperature lower than -15°C, preferably a temperature lower than -20°C, for example a temperature less than or equal to -45°C or for example a temperature between -20°C and -40°C or -25°C and -30°C.
  • the pressure sensor is a piezoresistive pressure sensor measuring the gauge pressure (PG).
  • the sensor is made from corrosion-resistant steel and resistant to negative temperatures, for example made from SUS316L steel.
  • the pressure sensor includes a diaphragm.
  • the pressure regulator is electronic.
  • the inlet valve and/or the outlet valve are solenoid valves.
  • inlet valves are mounted in series or in bypass on the dry air supply duct. These inlet valves may be different.
  • several evacuation valves are mounted in series or in bypass on the gas evacuation conduit. These drain valves may be different.
  • the dry air generator is a device which dries atmospheric air by heating.
  • the dry air generator is a device which supplies dry air having a dew point temperature lower than -40°C, preferably at a dew point temperature of -45°C.
  • the dry air generator supplies dry air into the interior space of the transverse cofferdam with a flow rate of between 10,000 m 3 /h and 20,000 m 3 /h, for example 15,000 m 3 /h to fill the transverse cofferdam with dry air.
  • the dry air generator supplies dry air into the interior space of the transverse cofferdam with a flow rate of between 50 and 500 m 3 /h in order to manage the gaseous atmosphere in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam.
  • the dry air generator used is a dry air generator already installed on the ship. This allows costs to be reduced by avoiding the need for a dry air generator specific to the gas management installation to manage the gas atmosphere in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam.
  • the first dry air generator, the dry air supply conduit and the first inlet valve are components usually present in an LNG ship.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous in that it limits the additional components to be installed on the vessel.
  • the dry air generator is connected to said pressure regulator and the pressure regulator is further configured to: activate the emission of dry air by the dry air generator in the supply duct when the relative pressure in the internal space becomes lower than the second threshold value, or in other words when the inlet valve is open.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage installation or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipes from or to the floating or terrestrial storage installation to or from the vessel's tank.
  • the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipelines from or to a floating or land-based storage facility to or from the ship's tank.
  • the BOR can be reduced by 2% to 6%, preferably by 5 to 6%.
  • Certain aspects of the invention start from the idea of drying the internal space of the transverse cofferdam in order to allow a reduction in the temperature in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam without damaging the ship.
  • Such a ship's gas management installation can be integrated via piping and valves already existing in the ship, for example already existing in an LNG carrier.
  • additional management or safety valves can be integrated into the vessel.
  • step 1 represents a diagram representing the variations of the temperature T (°C) of a cofferdam as a function of time (t).
  • step 1 consists of draining the ship's ballast tanks of sea water and the temperatures of the cofferdams adjacent to the cryogenic tanks cool significantly due to the heat flow from the tank to the cofferdams.
  • step 2 when the ship unloads or uses LNG, part of the tanks are emptied and the ballast tanks are filled with sea water in order to optimize navigation.
  • the temperature of the cofferdams varies via thermal transfer from the seawater present in the ballast tanks to the cofferdams.
  • stage 2 the temperature in the cofferdam increases. The ship thus carries out cycles repeating stage 1 and stage 2. It is therefore difficult to regulate the temperature in the cofferdams.
  • FIG. 2 represents a ship 3 equipped with a liquefied natural gas storage and transport installation which includes four watertight and thermally insulating tanks 4.
  • Each tank 4 is associated with a degassing mast 5 which is provided on the deck 12 of the ship 3 and allowing the escape of gas in the vapor phase during excess pressure inside the associated tank 4.
  • a machinery compartment 6 which conventionally comprises a mixed-feed steam turbine capable of operating either by combustion of diesel or by combustion of evaporation gas coming from the tanks 4.
  • the tanks 4 have a longitudinal dimension extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship 3.
  • Each tank 4 is bordered at each of its longitudinal ends by a pair of transverse partitions 7, 8 delimiting a space waterproof interlayer, known under the term "cofferdam" 9.
  • the tanks 4 are thus separated from each other by a transverse cofferdam 9.
  • the tanks 4 are each provided inside a supporting structure which is constituted, on the one hand, by the double hull of the ship 3 and, on the other hand, by one of the transverse partitions 7, 8 of each of the cofferdams 9 bordering the tank 4.
  • the vessels according to the embodiments of the invention can include several types of tank without being limited to a particular tank, for example a membrane tank for storing liquefied gas.
  • the tank 4 has a multilayer structure not shown comprising, from the outside towards the inside, a secondary thermally insulating barrier comprising insulating elements resting against a supporting structure, a secondary sealing membrane resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier, a primary thermally insulating barrier comprising insulating elements resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank.
  • the primary sealing membrane defines an internal space of the tank 4 intended to receive the liquefied gas.
  • the liquefied gas intended to be stored in the tanks may in particular be liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gas mixture comprising mainly methane as well as one or more other hydrocarbons.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the liquefied gas can also be ethane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), that is to say a mixture of hydrocarbons resulting from petroleum refining essentially comprising propane and butane.
  • FIG. 3 represents a sectional and perspective view of a transverse cofferdam 19 according to one embodiment in a double-hulled ship comprising an external hull 10 and an internal hull 15.
  • the transverse cofferdam 19 comprises a pair of transverse partitions delimiting an internal space 13 of the transverse cofferdam 19. Only one of the two transverse partitions 17 is shown on this Figure 3 in order to allow visualization of the internal space 13 of the transverse cofferdam 19.
  • the transverse cofferdam 19 further comprises an upper wall 37 closing said internal space 13.
  • the upper wall 37 can be a wall parallel to the deck upper 12 of the ship.
  • a portion of the internal hull 15 located opposite the upper wall 37 defines the bottom of the internal space of the transverse cofferdam 19.
  • the ship also has a ballast 41 located outside the transverse cofferdam 19. The ballast 41 is formed by a bottom portion of the space located between the internal hull 15 and the external hull 10 of the ship.
  • the transverse cofferdam 19 further comprises a structure of stiffeners 14 crisscrossing the internal space 13 in a non-sealed manner.
  • the internal space 13 of the transverse cofferdam 19 can contain a heating system 16 making it possible to control the temperature of the transverse cofferdam 19.
  • the heating device consists of a tortuous conduit in which glycol or another heated antifreeze solution circulates.
  • transverse cofferdam 19 represents an embodiment of a transverse cofferdam 19 further comprising a thermal insulator 40 located in the internal space 23 of the transverse cofferdam.
  • the thermal insulator 40 is fixed on the longitudinal walls of the transverse cofferdam 29 including the upper wall 37 and a portion of the internal shell 15. If the transverse cofferdam 19 is located between two tanks 4, only the two transverse partitions 17 are not covered with thermal insulation 40.
  • the transverse cofferdam 29 comprises a pair of transverse partitions 107, 109 delimiting an internal space 23 of the transverse cofferdam and an upper wall 37 closing said internal space.
  • the transverse cofferdam 29 comprises a thermal insulator 40 located in the internal space 23 of the transverse cofferdam, the thermal insulator 40 being fixed on the longitudinal walls of the transverse cofferdam 29 including the upper wall 37 and a portion of the internal shell 15.
  • the ship's gas management installation includes: a dry air supply conduit 30 passing through the upper wall 37 of the transverse cofferdam 29 and comprising a first end located outside the transverse cofferdam 29 and connected to a dry air generator 31 supplying dry air, and a second end opening into the internal space 23 of the transverse cofferdam 29, near the portion of the internal shell 15 which is located near the bottom of the cofferdam, that is to say located opposite the upper wall 37.
  • Such a gas management installation can be integrated for example to regulate the gaseous atmosphere of the cofferdams 9 and 19 presented previously.
  • FIG. 6 represents a gas management installation for managing a gaseous atmosphere in the internal space 23 of the transverse cofferdam 29 according to another embodiment.
  • the pressure regulator 136 is connected to the pressure sensor 35 and the inlet valve 32 as before.
  • This embodiment differs from the figure 5 in that the evacuation valve 134 is a mechanically opening and closing evacuation valve 134 which is not connected to the pressure regulator 136 and which opens and closes autonomously depending on the pressure present in the internal space 23.
  • the evacuation valve with mechanical opening and closing 134 is configured to open when a relative pressure in the internal space 23 becomes greater than the first threshold value and to close when it returns to - below this value, possibly with hysteresis.
  • the evacuation valve with mechanical opening and closing 134 comprises for example a spring closing mechanism or a flap closing mechanism.
  • This evacuation valve with mechanical opening and closing 134 fulfills a safety function because it allows in particular to avoid damage that could be caused by overpressure in the internal space 23 of the transverse cofferdam 29.
  • the gas management installation further comprises a gas sampling valve 18.
  • the gas sampling valve 18 is mounted on the gas evacuation conduit 33 outside the transverse cofferdam 29 and upstream of the valve evacuation device with mechanical opening and closing 134.
  • a sample of a volume of gas from the internal space 23 of the transverse cofferdam 29 can be carried out in order to analyze the gaseous atmosphere or the temperature of the internal space 23 of the transverse cofferdam 29.
  • the embodiments described via the figures are not limited to one type of transverse cofferdam in particular, for example the embodiment described in the Figure 6 can be applied in the cofferdam described in one of the previous figures.
  • the transverse cofferdam 29 comprises a thermal insulator 40 covering the internal surface of the longitudinal walls of the transverse cofferdam 29, including the upper wall 37 and the internal shell 15, over the entire periphery of the internal space 23 in a manner similar to the figure 5 .
  • the transverse cofferdam 29 further comprises a thermal insulator 140 on the internal surface of the transverse partition 107, located opposite the adjacent tank 4.
  • the thermal insulator 40 limits the heat flows with the ballast water and the ambient air and the thermal insulator 140 further limits the heat flows with the compartments adjacent to the transverse partition 107, thereby limiting example the heat flows with the machinery compartment 6 or any other heat source whose temperature is higher than that of the temperature of the tank 4.
  • the thermal insulation 40 or 140 can be glass wool covered on an external face by a vapor barrier, for example a layer of aluminum.
  • the glass wool can be fixed by projecting points (not shown) having a first end welded to the walls of the transverse cofferdam 29 and which pass through the glass wool.
  • a locking means is added over the glass wool on a second end of the tips, for example a tightening clasp.
  • the ship 80 comprises a waterproof and thermally insulating tank 4 positioned between two cargo tanks 42 filled with cargo, for example filled with oil.
  • the oil has a temperature higher than the temperature of the LNG present in tank 4.
  • the oil is also capable of being heated by a heating device in order to increase its viscosity so as to facilitate its loading or unloading. For example, it can have a temperature of 60°C.
  • Each cargo tank 42 is spaced from the sealed and thermally insulating tank 4 by a transverse cofferdam 39.
  • the transverse cofferdam 39 is similar to the transverse cofferdam 29 presented above and comprises a thermal insulator on at least the internal surface of a partition transverse, thus limiting the heat flows 43 with the adjacent compartments, that is to say limiting the heat flows between the tank 4 and the cargo tanks 42, in particular by limiting the transfer of heat from the cargo tanks 42 towards the tank 4.
  • the tank 4 is thermally insulated from the oil stored in the cargo tank 42 at a temperature higher than that of the liquefied gas stored in the tank 4.
  • the cargo tanks 42 are thermally insulated LNG present in tank 4.
  • the ship 90 illustrated on the Figure 9 is an LNG-powered vessel.
  • the ship 90 can be a container ship or a bulk carrier.
  • the bulk carrier is a ship designed for the transport of solid products in bulk.
  • the ship 90 comprises, in front of its castle 44 in a longitudinal direction X'-X of the ship 90, one or more holds 45 for transporting a solid product in bulk.
  • the holds 45 are spaced in the longitudinal direction X'-X of the ship 90 in a manner known per se. It should be noted that only one of these holds 45, namely the hold 45 closest to the castle 44, is represented schematically on the Figure 9 .
  • the ship 90 further comprises a waterproof and thermally insulating tank 4 comprising LNG which is intended to power a propulsion system 46.
  • the tank 4 is located behind the castle 6 in the longitudinal direction X'-X.
  • the tank 4 is spaced from the heat sources, namely: the castle, the propulsion system 46 and the hold 45, via a transverse cofferdam 49.
  • the transverse cofferdam 49 notably comprises thermal insulation and the management installation gas as described previously.
  • the values indicated can be adapted according to the desired gas management.
  • a cutaway view of an LNG ship 70 shows a watertight and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary waterproof barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary waterproof barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproof barrier and the secondary waterproof barrier and between the secondary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72.
  • loading/unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • FIG. 7 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipeline 76 and an onshore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74.
  • the mobile arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can connect to the loading/unloading pipes 73.
  • the adjustable mobile arm 74 adapts to all LNG carrier templates.
  • a connection pipe not shown extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG tanker 70 from or to the onshore installation 77.
  • the underwater pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG ship 70 at a long distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and/or pumps fitted to the on-shore installation 77 and/or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
  • the gas management installation for managing a gaseous atmosphere in the internal space of the transverse cofferdam can for example also comprise branch pipes comprising a manual valve spanning for example the inlet valve or the evacuation valve or even alarm systems (PAL, PAH, PALL, PAHH) linked to the pressure sensor without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • branch pipes comprising a manual valve spanning for example the inlet valve or the evacuation valve or even alarm systems (PAL, PAH, PALL, PAHH) linked to the pressure sensor without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • Usable hardware components are specific ASIC integrated circuits, FPGA programmable logic networks or microprocessors.
  • Software components can be written in different programming languages, for example C, C++, Java or VHDL. This list is not exhaustive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP22173908.9A 2021-05-31 2022-05-17 Navire pour le transport ou l'utilisation d'un fluide froid Active EP4098539B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2105639A FR3123305A1 (fr) 2021-05-31 2021-05-31 Navire pour le transport d’un fluide froid

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KR (1) KR20220162083A (pl)
CN (1) CN115476967B (pl)
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GB1407602A (en) * 1972-01-31 1975-09-24 Conch Int Methane Ltd Vessels for the transportation of liquefied gases
JP4727212B2 (ja) * 2004-11-19 2011-07-20 三菱重工業株式会社 液化ガス運搬船
CN101245603B (zh) * 2008-01-23 2010-06-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 浮式拱围堰及其施工方法
CN102159451B (zh) * 2008-08-21 2014-08-06 大宇造船海洋株式会社 液化气储罐和包含液化气储罐的海运结构
NO2539222T3 (pl) * 2010-02-22 2018-01-20
RU2016105234A (ru) * 2013-07-22 2017-08-29 Дэу Шипбилдинг Энд Марин Инджиниринг Ко., Лтд. Теплоизолирующая система плавучего сооружения
US20160159450A1 (en) * 2013-07-22 2016-06-09 Daewoo Ship Building & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd Floating marine structure and method for controlling temperature thereof
KR20150011439A (ko) * 2013-07-22 2015-02-02 대우조선해양 주식회사 부유식 해상구조물 및 온도 제어 방법
SG11201805042VA (en) * 2016-01-12 2018-07-30 Excelerate Liquefaction Solutions Llc Natural gas liquefaction vessel
FR3077617B1 (fr) * 2018-02-07 2022-08-19 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Installation pour le stockage et le transport d'un gaz liquefie
FR3080832B1 (fr) * 2018-05-02 2020-10-30 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante equipee d'une tour de chargement/dechargement

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FR3123305A1 (fr) 2022-12-02
PL4098539T3 (pl) 2024-08-05
CN115476967B (zh) 2025-08-29
TW202300406A (zh) 2023-01-01
EP4098539A1 (fr) 2022-12-07
KR20220162083A (ko) 2022-12-07
ES2984355T3 (es) 2024-10-29

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