EP4082104A1 - Moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais doté d'un comportement vibratoire amélioré - Google Patents

Moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais doté d'un comportement vibratoire amélioré

Info

Publication number
EP4082104A1
EP4082104A1 EP20830268.7A EP20830268A EP4082104A1 EP 4082104 A1 EP4082104 A1 EP 4082104A1 EP 20830268 A EP20830268 A EP 20830268A EP 4082104 A1 EP4082104 A1 EP 4082104A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
brushes
coils
commutated
electric motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20830268.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Schulze
Eugen Elmiger
Kacper Emmrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maxon International AG
Original Assignee
Maxon International AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maxon International AG filed Critical Maxon International AG
Publication of EP4082104A1 publication Critical patent/EP4082104A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
    • H02K23/30—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings having lap or loop windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/10—Arrangements of brushes or commutators specially adapted for improving commutation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/58—Motors or generators without iron cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/04—Connections between commutator segments and windings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brush-commutated DC electric motor according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • a brush-commutated DC electric motor of the generic type has a stator, wel cher comprises a permanent magnet, with a number p of pole pairs, and a rotatable relative to the stator rotor, which has a hollow cylindrical ironless winding with a geometric axis and a number Q of partial coils , and a collector with a number K of collector lamellas, the partial coils being arranged distributed over the circumference of the rotor, and the brush-commutated DC electric motor also having at least one pair of brushes which are in contact with the collector and via which the Part coils are energized.
  • the stator of such a brush-commutated electric motor can have a cylindrical permanent magnet which is arranged inside the hollow cylindrical ironless winding. On the outside there is usually a magnetically conductive yoke that also serves as the housing of the electric motor. Due to the ironless winding, such electric motors do not have a cogging torque, so that a jerk-free run is possible even at low speeds. This is accompanied by low vibrations and noises. Due to the lack of iron in the rotor, there are no iron losses and a constant applied magnetization takes place. This leads to a high degree of efficiency. In addition, the generated torque remains proportional to the motor current even with high currents. The low mass inertia of the rotor is also an advantage, which leads to high dynamics and short run-up times.
  • brush-commutated DC electric motors are widely used and usually have good operating behavior, it has been shown in practice that oscillations occur at times in the area of the collector, which modulates the current, which in turn leads to a This feedback leads to amplification of the vibrations.
  • the current in a coil section is initially brought to a standstill by short-circuiting the same via the brush and then built up again with the opposite sign.
  • a dia metrically resulting force or a torque acting transversely to the axis of rotation is associated with the current.
  • a brush-commutated DC electric motor according to the preamble of independent claim 1 is known for example from EP 3171498 B1.
  • This document is concerned with the attempt to counteract the effects explained above by arranging the coil plane of a sub-coil rotated by a correction angle between 45 ° and 135 ° around the axis of the rotor to the collector plane of the associated collector lamellas.
  • the present invention has therefore set itself the task of providing a brush-commutated DC electric motor of the generic type in which the problems described are prevented as completely as possible.
  • the partial coils have a uniform shape, at least in one projection onto a jacket of the hollow cylindrical ironless winding.
  • the shape of the individual coil sections is completely uniform.
  • the uniform shape of the partial coils is completely variable. Suitable shapes are known from EP 1780871 A1, DE 1801263 A1 and DE 1188709 B, for example.
  • the n part-coils arranged rotationally symmetrically to one another and subjected to the same current at the same time can be traversed by the current in the same direction.
  • the n sub-coils arranged rotationally symmetrically to one another and subjected to the same current at the same time are in opposite directions from the current are flowed through.
  • Graphite brushes are preferably used as brushes.
  • the hollow cylindrical ironless winding is preferably self-supporting, and the partial coils are preferably not wound onto a core or the like.
  • the n sub-coils which are arranged rotationally symmetrically to one another and are always energized at the same time are connected in series.
  • the connection of the series-connected partial coils can be implemented via the coil wire itself or via the collector. In the latter case, the connection of the series-connected partial coils is preferably implemented via a collector circuit board of the collector.
  • the application of the same current can also be achieved in that the beginning and end of the n sub-coils are each at the same electrical potential, provided that the sub-coils are always traversed by a magnetic flux of the same amplitude and phase due to symmetry.
  • the n each of the n sub-coils which are arranged rotationally symmetrically to one another and are always energized at the same time, are connected in parallel.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for brush-commutated DC electric motors with a single pole pair.
  • the number p of pole pairs is thus equal to 1, the collector having an odd number K> 3 of collector lamellae, the number Q of sub-coils being 2-K, and the number n of each being rotationally symmetrical sub-coils 2 arranged to one another and always energized at the same time is.
  • the two partial coils, which are energized at the same time, are diametrically opposite one another and are preferably connected in series.
  • each coil section is connected at one end to a collector lamella and at the other end to the diametrically opposite coil section.
  • the invention is also suitable for brush-commutated DC electric motors with more than one pole pair.
  • the two brushes of the pair of brushes each have a width that corresponds to the sum of half a collector pitch and the distance between two collector lamellas, the two brushes being arranged in such a way that the start of commutation The transition of one brush in the pair takes place at the same time as the commutation process of the other brush in the pair is completed.
  • the width of the brush means the width directly on the circumference of the collector, i.e. on the contact surface between the brush and the collector. The actual width thus corresponds to the chord resulting from half the division and distance.
  • a further particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention can provide that the pair of brushes is a first pair of brushes, the brush-commutated DC electric motor also having at least one further pair of brushes which are also in contact with the collector, the two brushes of the further pair of brushes each having a width which is less than the width of the brushes of the first pair of brushes. It is particularly advantageous if the brushes of the at least one further pair of brushes are made of a material which has a higher conductivity than the material from which the brushes of the first pair of brushes are made.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for brush-commutated DC electric motors whose rotor has partial coils which are long and / or inclined with respect to the axis of the rotor.
  • Figure 1 a schematic exploded view of a brush commutated DC
  • FIG. 2 a schematic representation of the partial coil interconnection of a two-pole brush-commutated DC electric motor according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 the illustration from FIG. 2 with additionally shown brushes
  • FIG. 4 a development of the hollow cylindrical ironless winding of the exemplary embodiment from FIGS. 2 and 3 with an illustration of the winding geometry and the associated interconnection of the individual sub-coils
  • FIG. 5 a schematic representation of the partial coil interconnection of a four-pole brush-commutated DC electric motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 a schematic representation of the partial coil interconnection of a four-pole brush-commutated DC electric motor according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • a brush-commutated DC electromotor 4 The essential components of a DC electric motor 4 with ironless winding are the stator 5 and the rotor 7, which is rotatably mounted with respect to the stator Stator 5 are essential components of a permanent magnet 6, which can be designed as a hollow cylinder, a flange 13 that positions the permanent magnet 6, a magnetic yoke 16 made of iron and used as a housing, and a further flange 14, which acts as a brush or housing cover serves and on which two collector brushes 3a and 3b are pivotably attached in the embodiment shown.
  • the positioning of the permanent magnet 6 to the flange 13 takes place in the illustrated case by means of a sleeve 11.
  • the rotor 7 comprises as essential components a self-supporting hollow cylindrical, ironless winding 8 and a collector consisting of several collector lamellas and connected to the winding 10.
  • the self-supporting hollow cylindrical ironless winding 8 rotates in the air gap between the The outer surface of the permanent magnet 6 and the inner surface of the yoke 16.
  • the hollow cylindrical ironless winding 8 consists of several sub-coils of the same shape. According to the invention it is provided that the arrangement of the brushes and the interconnection of the partial coils are selected such that a number n> 2 of partial coils, which are arranged rotationally symmetrically offset from one another by 360 ° / n with respect to the axis of the rotor, are at the same time Time can be applied with the same current.
  • the stator not shown, has a diametrically magnetized two-pole permanent magnet.
  • the rotor has a total of ten sub-coils (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 2j), the collector having five collector lamellas (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e).
  • the partial coils form five pairs (2a, 2f), (2c, 2h), (2e, 2j), (2g, 2b), (2i, 2d) of partial coils which are arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the rotor axis and which are connected in series with one another are.
  • each coil section is connected at one end to a collector lamella and at the other end to the diametrically opposite coil section. Partial coils lying diametrically opposite one another are therefore always traversed by the same current due to the compulsory switching. It should be noted that the illustration is only of a schematic nature. The partial coils are represented by the symbol for coils. In the illustration, all connections to the collector lamellas are to be understood as electrical connections, but all line crossings are not to be understood as electrical connections. The current is supplied via the two collector brushes 3a and 3b shown in FIG. 3, which are preferably designed as graphite brushes.
  • the two brushes 3a and 3b each have a width which corresponds to the sum of half a collector pitch and the distance between two collector lamellas, the brushes 3a, 3b being arranged in such a way that the start of the commutation process of the one brush takes place at the same time as the commutation process of the other brush is completed.
  • FIG. 4 shows a development of the hollow cylindrical ironless winding of the exemplary embodiment from FIGS. 2 and 3 with a representation of the winding geometry and the associated interconnection of the individual sub-coils.
  • the solid lines show the connections between the collector lamellas (1a, 1b, 1c, 1 d, 1 e) and the partial coils (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 2j).
  • the dashed lines illustrate the electrical connections between the sub-coils of each sub-coil pair.
  • the connections between the sub-coils of each sub-coil pair can be made via the coil wire itself or via the collector circuit board.
  • the current direction in the two sub-coils (2a, 2f) arranged rotationally symmetrically offset from one another by 180 ° is illustrated by the two arrows shown in FIG.
  • the two partial coils (2a, 2f) in this embodiment when looking at the respective partial coil from the outside on the jacket of the hollow cylindrical ironless winding, consequently flows through the current in opposite directions, i.e. one of the two partial coils in the original sense and the the other of the two sub-coils counterclockwise.
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram for the rotor of a four-pole DC electric motor according to the invention with ten collector segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1 f, 1g, 1h, 1 i, 1 j) and ten sub-coils (2a, 2b , 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 2j).
  • the sub-coils form five pairs (2a, 2f), (2c, 2h), (2e, 2j), (2g, 2b), (2i, 2d) of sub-coils arranged point-symmetrically with respect to the rotor axis, which are arranged in series with one another are connected and the two ends of which are conductively connected to a pair of collector lamellas.
  • the opposite collector lamellae are connected to one another in five pairs (1a, 1 f), (1c, 1h), (1e, 1 j), (1g, 1b), (1 i, 1d), so that they are connected to one another by means of switching are at the same electrical potential.
  • the partial coils of a partial coil pair are traversed by the current in the same direction as in the exemplary embodiment from FIGS. Since opposite collector lamellas are connected to one another, even the four-pole electric motor shown can generally be operated with just one pair of brushes. In the preferred embodiment shown, the DC electric motor is equipped with two pairs of brushes. In general, it is preferable to use as many pairs of brushes as there are pole pairs. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first pair of brushes 3a, 3b is designed analogously to the exemplary embodiment from FIG.
  • the two brushes 3a , 3b are arranged in such a way that the start of the commutation process of one brush 3a takes place at the same time as the end of the commutation process of the respective other brush 3b.
  • the brushes 3a, 3b of the first pair of brushes are made of a material with a relatively low conductance.
  • the second pair of brushes 3c, 3d is made somewhat narrower and consists of a material with a higher conductance.
  • FIG. 6 shows a modification of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 4.
  • the partial coil pairs are not connected in series but in parallel here.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais, ayant un stator, qui comprend un aimant permanent muni d'un nombre p de paires de pôles, et ayant un rotor, qui peut tourner par rapport au stator et qui présente un enroulement sans fer cylindrique creux muni d'un axe géométrique et un nombre Q de sous-bobines, et a également un collecteur muni d'un nombre K de stratifications de collecteur, les sous-bobines étant agencées de manière répartie sur la périphérie du rotor, et le moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais comportant en outre au moins une paire de balais qui sont en contact avec le collecteur et au moyen desquels les sous-bobines sont excitées. Selon l'invention, une disposition est prévue pour l'agencement des balais et l'interconnexion des sous-bobines à sélectionner de telle sorte que, dans chaque cas, un nombre n ≥ 2 de sous-bobines, qui sont chacune agencées décalées de 360°/n de manière symétrique en rotation par rapport à l'axe du rotor, est toujours alimenté par le même courant en même temps.
EP20830268.7A 2019-12-23 2020-12-23 Moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais doté d'un comportement vibratoire amélioré Pending EP4082104A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19219406.6A EP3843251A1 (fr) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais à comportement vibratoire amélioré
PCT/EP2020/087765 WO2021130312A1 (fr) 2019-12-23 2020-12-23 Moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais doté d'un comportement vibratoire amélioré

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4082104A1 true EP4082104A1 (fr) 2022-11-02

Family

ID=69005612

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19219406.6A Withdrawn EP3843251A1 (fr) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais à comportement vibratoire amélioré
EP20830268.7A Pending EP4082104A1 (fr) 2019-12-23 2020-12-23 Moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais doté d'un comportement vibratoire amélioré

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19219406.6A Withdrawn EP3843251A1 (fr) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Moteur électrique à courant continu à commutation par balais à comportement vibratoire amélioré

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20230013171A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP3843251A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114868326A (fr)
WO (1) WO2021130312A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191081A (en) * 1961-04-13 1965-06-22 Faulhaber Fritz Permanent magnet miniature motor
DE1188709B (de) 1958-04-26 1965-03-11 Faulhaber Fritz Elektrischer Kleinstmotor
DE1801263C3 (de) 1968-08-29 1978-05-18 Interelectric Ag, Sachseln (Schweiz) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Zylinderwicklung für elektrische Maschinen
JP2893228B2 (ja) * 1992-08-03 1999-05-17 セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 コアレスモータ
JP3954504B2 (ja) * 2003-01-23 2007-08-08 アスモ株式会社 モータ
DE102005051059B4 (de) 2005-10-25 2016-09-15 Maxon Motor Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektromotors und Elektromotor mit mehrlagigen rautenartigen Einzelspulen aus Draht
US7893587B2 (en) * 2008-10-23 2011-02-22 Electromag Sa Brushless DC electric motor
DE102011116652A1 (de) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Nidec Motors & Actuators (Germany) Gmbh Ripple Counter für Mehrpol-Motoren
EP2642636B1 (fr) * 2012-03-21 2020-01-15 Lakeview Innovation Ltd. Enroulement cylindrique creux non ferreux
EP3171497A1 (fr) 2015-11-19 2017-05-24 Lakeview Innovation Ltd. Électromoteur cc à commutation à balais bipolaires
DE102018101227A1 (de) * 2017-01-20 2018-07-26 Minebea Co., Ltd. Bürsten-Gleichstrommaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114868326A (zh) 2022-08-05
US20230013171A1 (en) 2023-01-19
EP3843251A1 (fr) 2021-06-30
WO2021130312A1 (fr) 2021-07-01

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