EP4082004A1

EP4082004A1 - Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly comprising a thermal and acoustic insulation product and a membrane at the front face

Info

Publication number: EP4082004A1
Application number: EP20829300.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gary JACQUS; Carole DURANTET; Pierre Leroy
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Isover SA France
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Isover SA France
Priority date: 2019-12-23
Filing date: 2020-12-21
Publication date: 2022-11-02
Also published as: CN114787909A; FR3105552B1; FR3105552A1; WO2021130190A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal and acoustic insulation assembly comprising: - a thermal and acoustic insulation product (1) made of mineral wool and comprising a first face, referred to as the front face (1a), intended to be directed towards the interior of a part, and a second face, referred to as the rear face (1b), intended to be directed towards a wall (2), - a microperforated membrane (3) arranged on the front face (1a) of the thermal and acoustic insulation product (1). The invention makes it possible to significantly improve the acoustic absorption while not degrading the acoustic insulation.

Description

DESCRIPTION

TITLE: THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION KIT INCLUDING A THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION PRODUCT AND A

FRONT FACE MEMBRANE

The invention relates to a thermal and acoustic insulation assembly for marine applications, such as, for example, ships, making it possible to insulate the metal walls of ships.

It is known to use thermal insulation products made from mineral wool such as, for example, the product Ultimate sold by the company Saint-Gobain Isover to insulate this type of wall. In order to improve sound insulation, a membrane is placed on the front face of the thermal and sound insulation product, i.e. the face of the product which is intended to face the room to be insulated (face opposite to that intended to be turned towards the wall). This membrane typically has a surface density of between 2 and 10 kg / m ² and a volume density of between 2000 and 2200 kg / m ³ to make it possible to significantly improve sound insulation. However, the major drawback of this membrane is that it is airtight, which has a negative impact on sound absorption. The noise level in the sound-emitting rooms can then be significantly increased.

There is therefore a need for a thermal and acoustic insulation assembly, comprising a thermal and acoustic insulation product and a membrane on the front face, which makes it possible to significantly improve the acoustic absorption while not degrading the insulation. acoustic.

For this, the invention provides a set of thermal and acoustic insulation comprising:

- a thermal and acoustic insulation product in mineral wool comprising a first face, called the front face, intended to be turned towards the inside of a part, and a second face, called the rear face, intended to be turned towards a wall ,

- a micro-perforated membrane placed on the front face of the thermal and acoustic insulation product. According to another feature, the micro-perforated membrane has an air flow resistance of between 0.5 kPa.s / m and 10 kPa.s / m, preferably between 1 kPa.s / m and 5 kPa.s / m.

According to another feature, the micro-perforated membrane has, for a thickness L, a perforation rate f and a perforation diameter D such that fϋ ² = 32h ^c U (oL) where oL denotes the resistance to flow of the membrane air and h the dynamic viscosity of the air.

According to another feature, the micro-perforated membrane has:

- a perforation rate of between 0.01 and 5%, preferably between 0.05% and 2%, or even between 0.1% and 1%,

a perforation radius of between 0.01 and 0.5 mm, preferably between 0.1 and 0.25 mm.

According to another particular feature, the micro-perforated membrane has a density over face of between 2 and 10 kg / m ² . According to another feature, the thermal and acoustic insulation product has a density of between 13 kg / m3 and 200 kg / m3, preferably between 13 kg / m3 and 100 kg / m3, or even between 24 kg / m3 and 100 kg / m3.

According to another feature, the thermal and acoustic insulation product has a thickness between 10 mm and 150 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 150 mm, or even between 20 mm and 150 mm.

According to another feature, the thermal and acoustic insulation product is essentially composed of aluminosilicate type glass fibers.

According to another feature, the micro-perforated membrane is glued or bonded or coupled at least in part to the front face of the thermal and acoustic insulation product.

According to another feature, the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly further comprises a mineral wool surfacing disposed on the face of the micro-perforated membrane opposite the thermal and acoustic insulation product.

According to another feature, the surfacing has a surface density of between 0.01 kg / m ² and 10 kg / m ² , preferably between 0.1 kg / m ² and 5 kg / m ² .

According to another feature, the surfacing has a density of between 20 kg / m3 and 200 kg / m3, preferably between 30 kg / m3 and 150 kg / m3, or even between 30 kg / m3 and 90 kg / m3. According to another particular feature, the surfacing has a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 15 mm, or even between 5 mm and 15 mm.

The invention also relates to the use of the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly described above on a metal wall of a ship. Other features and advantages of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings in which:

• Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to the present invention mounted on a metal wall of a ship. The reference numbers which are identical in the various figures show similar or identical elements.

The invention relates to a set of thermal and acoustic insulation comprising:

- a micro-perforated membrane placed on the front face of the thermal and acoustic insulation product.

Micro-perforations in the membrane control both sound absorption and sound insulation. Indeed, the membrane behaves like a resistive veil allowing greater dissipation of the wave in the thermal and acoustic insulation product located behind the membrane. The presence of micro-perforations only slightly reduces sound insulation compared to a non-perforated membrane while improving sound absorption. The dimensions of the perforations and the perforation rate are dimensioned to control both sound absorption and sound insulation. A low rate of perforation makes it possible to limit the degradation of the insulation (compared to the case of a waterproof membrane of the prior art). Furthermore, the dimensions of the perforations are small so as to optimize the dissipation of energy by viscous friction of the air set in motion by the acoustic wave. Acoustic absorption is thus greatly improved.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to the present invention, mounted on a wall 2, which is for example a metal wall made of steel or aluminum of a ship. All thermal and acoustic insulation comprises a thermal and acoustic insulation product 1 in mineral wool comprising a first face, called the front face 1a, intended to be turned towards the inside of a part to be insulated, and a second face, called rear face 1b, intended to be turned towards a wall 2 of a room to be insulated. In this figure, the rear face 1b of the thermal and acoustic insulation product is placed against the wall 2.

The thermal and acoustic insulation product is made of glass wool or rock wool, consisting essentially of glass fibers of the aluminosilicate type comprising aluminum oxide, AI2O3, in a mass fraction of between 13% and 28%.

The thermal and acoustic insulation assembly further comprises a micro-perforated membrane 3 which is positioned on the front face 1a of the thermal and acoustic insulation product 1 made of mineral wool.

The micro-perforated membrane 3 typically has a surface density of between 2 and 10 kg / m ² . It is therefore a heavy membrane which provides good acoustic insulation to the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly.

The micro-perforated membrane 3 is typically a viscoelastic layer optionally having at least one of the following properties:

- a structural damping h, equal to tanô and a function of the frequency, which is greater than or equal to 5% whatever the frequency, and / or

- a Young's modulus E, also a function of the frequency, which is less than or equal to 500 MPa. This "low" Young's modulus value imparts some elasticity / workability to the membrane, which is particularly useful for laying on ship walls. Typically, the micro-perforated membrane 3 has an air flow resistance of between 0.5 kPa.s / m and 10 kPa.s / m, preferably between 1 kPa.s / m and 5 kPa. s / m. Air flow resistance is measured according to ISO 9053.

The resistance to air flow of the micro-perforated membrane 3 is representative of a limited capacity for air to pass through it, which is linked to the presence of the micro-perforations in the membrane. The resistance to air flow of the micro-perforated membrane 3 being between 0.5 kPa.s / m and 10 kPa.s / m, it introduces an energy dissipation by viscous friction of the air set in motion by the acoustic wave. Thus, absorption is greatly improved, especially at low frequencies. If the resistance to air flow is too low, the sound attenuation caused by internal friction is minimal and the absorption effect provided by the membrane is low. However, the high permeability of the membrane allows the wave to be absorbed by the thermal and acoustic insulation product just behind. If the resistance is too great, most of the sound waves are reflected and the absorption weakens. Typically, below 0.5 kPa.s / m, or even below 1 kPa.s / m, the sound insulation is degraded. Above 10 kPa.s / m, there is no longer any gain in absorption. Preferably, the micro-perforated membrane 3 has in addition, for a thickness

L, a perforation rate f and a perforation diameter D such that fϋ ² = 32h ^c U (oL) where oL denotes the resistance to air flow of the membrane and h the dynamic viscosity of the air. For a given air flow resistance, it is thus possible to define a perforation rate / perforation diameter pair. The micro-perforated membrane can be pierced with multi-diameter micro-perforations. The perforations can have any shape of geometry, for example a circular, oblong or even slot-shaped shape.

Thus, the micro-perforated membrane 3 has for example:

- a perforation rate (in percentage of hole area / total area) of between 0.01 and 5%, preferably between 0.05% and 2%, or even between 0.1% and 1%,

The range of perforation rates of between 0.01 and 5%, preferably between 0.05% and 2%, or even between 0.1% and 1%, makes it possible to optimize both the sound insulation and the acoustic absorption: for lower perforation rate values, the tendency is towards the waterproof membrane, while for higher perforation rate values, there is a risk of greatly degrading the insulation. A perforation rate of between 0.01% and 5% thus advantageously makes it possible to obtain an acceptable compromise between a significant gain in sound absorption and a very moderate loss in sound insulation.

The micro-perforated membrane 3 is preferably glued or linked or coupled at least in part to the front face 1a of the thermal and acoustic insulation product 1. The bond or adhesion is preferably carried out by gluing, for example in the form of spots or lines of glue. The entire surface of the back layer of the membrane is not necessarily coated with glue.

Furthermore, the thermal and acoustic insulation product 1 typically has a density of between 13 kg / m ³ and 200 kg / m ³ , preferably between 13 kg / m ³ and 100 kg / m 3, or even between 24 kg / ^{m 3.} m ³ and 100 kg / m ³ . This density range gives the thermal and acoustic insulation product sufficient mechanical strength properties for the envisaged application, namely the insulation of substantially vertical walls of ships.

The thermal and acoustic insulation product 1 also typically has a thickness of between 10 mm and 150 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 150 mm, or even between 20 mm and 150 mm. This range of thickness allows good mechanical strength of the thermal and acoustic insulation product and sufficient absorption of acoustic waves for the intended application.

Preferably, the thermal and acoustic insulation product 1 has a Young's modulus of between 5 kPa and 2 MPa and a damping of between 0% and 50%. The Young's modulus and damping measurements are carried out according to the ISO 18437 standard and according to the article by C. Langlois, R. Panneton and N. Atalla: Po lynomial relations for quasi-static mechanical characterization of isotropy poroelas- tic materials, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110: 3032-3040, 2001. Young's modulus is significant for sound insulation properties.

Optionally, the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly further comprises a mineral wool surfacing 6 arranged on the face of the micro-perforated membrane opposite to the thermal and acoustic insulation product 1, therefore on the front face of the membrane. the micro-perforated membrane 3, the rear face of the micro-perforated membrane 3 being placed against the front face 1 a of the thermal and acoustic insulation product 1. The surfacing 6 is a thin layer compared to the thermal and acoustic insulation product 1. The surfacing 6 makes it possible to further improve sound absorption, in particular at a higher frequency than the micro-perforated membrane 3. The surfacing 6 typically has a surface density of between

0.01 kg / m and 10 kg / m, preferably between 0.1 kg / m and 5 kg / m. This range of surface density gives the surfacing 6 sound insulation properties.

The surfacing 6 typically has a density of between 20 kg / m ³ and 200 kg / m ³ , preferably between 30 kg / m ³ and 150 kg / m ³ , or even between 30 kg / m ³ and 90 kg / m ³ . This density range gives the surfacing 6 mechanical strength properties.

The surfacing 6 typically has a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 15 mm, or even between 5 mm and 15 mm. This density range gives the surfacing 6 properties of mechanical strength and sound absorption.

According to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the assembly formed by the thermal and acoustic insulation product 1 and the micro-perforated membrane 3 is fixed to the metal wall 2 by means of needles 5 and washers 4, the needles 5 passing through the washers 4, the micro-perforated membrane 3 and the thermal and acoustic insulation product 1 and being planted in the wall 2. The surfacing 6, when present, can also be held by the needles 4 and washers 5 or, as shown in Figure 1, be glued over the micro-perforated membrane. The coupling of the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly to the metal wall 2 can be done by any other known means for attaching membranes to insulation products.

Three sets of thermal and acoustic insulation have been tested for acoustic absorption and acoustic insulation:

- a first reference set which includes a thermal and acoustic insulation product and a waterproof membrane;

- a second set which comprises the same thermal and acoustic insulation product and a micro-perforated membrane according to the invention;

- a third assembly which comprises the same thermal and acoustic insulation product, a micro-perforated membrane according to the invention and a surfacing. The thermal and acoustic insulation product common to the three thermal and acoustic insulation assemblies is a mineral wool panel of the Ultimate brand from Saint-Gobain Isover, with a density of 24 kg / m ³ and a thickness of 50 mm.

The waterproof membrane of the first set of thermal and acoustic insulation has an air flow resistance of 70 kPa.s / m. This is the SeaProtect dB Flex Alu brand membrane from Saint-Gobain Isover.

The micro-perforated membrane of the second and third sets of thermal and acoustic insulation is the same membrane from the SeaProtect dB Flex Alu brand from Saint-Gobain Isover, but which has been perforated. After perforation, it has an air flow resistance of 0.640 kPa.s / m, a thickness of 1.7 mm, a surface density of 3 kg / m ² , a perforation rate of 0.4% and a micro-perforation radius of 0.319 mm. The micro-perforated membrane has a surface density of 3.25 kg / m ² .

The surfacing of the third set of thermal and acoustic insulation is the surfacing of the Ultimate brand at Saint-Gobain Isover. It has a face density of 0.36 kg / m ² , a density of 24 kg / m ³ and a thickness of 15 mm.

The first set of thermal and acoustic insulation has a sound absorption aw of 0.05 and a sound insulation R _w of 51 dB.

The second set of thermal and acoustic insulation has a sound absorption aw of 0.25 and a sound insulation R _w of 50 dB.

The third set of thermal and acoustic insulation has a sound absorption aw of 0.65 and a sound insulation R _w of 51 dB.

Sound absorption and sound insulation were measured on all three products. The sound absorption as is measured according to the ISO 354 standard. The aw indicator is then calculated according to the ISO 11654 standard.

Sound insulation is measured according to the ISO 10140-2 standard. The R _w indicator is then calculated according to the ISO 717-1 standard.

It was observed a gain in acoustic absorption (aw) of 0.2 and a loss in acoustic insulation (R _w ) of -1dB between the second set of thermal and acoustic insulation (according to the invention) and the first set of thermal and acoustic insulation (reference), and a gain in acoustic absorption (aw) of 0.6 and without loss of acoustic insulation between the third set of thermal and acoustic insulation (according to the invention) and the first set of thermal and acoustic insulation (reference). It has therefore been demonstrated that the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to the invention does indeed make it possible to greatly improve the acoustic absorption by barely degrading, if at all, the acoustic insulation, an effect of all the more marked when the surfacing is present in addition.

The invention also relates to the use of the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to the invention on a metallic, steel or aluminum wall of a ship with the aim of greatly improving the acoustic absorption in hardly, if at all, degrading the sound insulation of a ship's room.

Claims

1. Thermal and acoustic insulation set comprising:

- a thermal and acoustic insulation product (1) in mineral wool comprising a first face, called the front face (1a), intended to be turned towards the inside of a room, and a second face, called the rear face (1b ), intended to be turned towards a wall (2),

- a micro-perforated membrane (3) placed on the front face (1a) of the thermal and acoustic insulation product (1).

2. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to claim 1, wherein the micro-perforated membrane (3) is a viscoelastic layer, optionally having:

- a structural damping h which is greater than or equal to 5% whatever the frequency, and / or

- a Young's modulus E which is less than or equal to 500 MPa whatever the frequency.

3. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the micro-perforated membrane (3) has an air flow resistance of between 0.5 kPa.s / m and 10 kPa. .s / m, preferably between 1 kPa.s / m and 5 kPa.s / m.

4. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the micro-perforated membrane (3) has, for a thickness L, a perforation rate f and a perforation diameter D such that fϋ ² = 32h ^c U (oL) where oL denotes the resistance to air flow of the membrane and h the dynamic viscosity of the air.

5. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the micro-perforated membrane (3) has:

6. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the micro-perforated membrane (3) has a surface density of between 2 and 10 kg / m ² .

7. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 1 to 6 in which the thermal and acoustic insulation product (1) has a density of between 13 kg / m ³ and 200 kg / m ^3. , preferably between 13 kg / m ³ and 100 kg / m ³ , or even between 24 kg / m ³ and 100 kg / m ³ .

8. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which the thermal and acoustic insulation product (1) has a thickness between 10 mm and 150 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 150 mm, or even between 20 mm and 150 mm.

9. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which the thermal and acoustic insulation product (1) consists essentially of aluminosilicate type glass fibers.

10. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the micro-perforated membrane (3) is glued or bonded or coupled at least in part to the front face of the thermal insulation product. and acous tick.

11. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a surfacing (6) of mineral wool disposed on the face of the micro-perforated membrane (3) opposite to the product (1). ) thermal and acoustic insulation.

12. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to claim 11, wherein the surfacing (6) has a surface density of between 0.01 kg / m and 10 kg / m, preferably between 0.1 kg / m and 5. kg / m.

13. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the surfacing (6) has a density between 20 kg / m ³ and 200 kg / m ³ , preferably between 30 kg / m ³ and 150 kg / m ³ , or even between 30 kg / m ³ and 90 kg / m ³ .

14. Thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 11 to 13, in which the surfacing (6) has a thickness between 0.5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 15 mm, or even between 5 mm and 15 mm.

15. Use of the thermal and acoustic insulation assembly according to one of claims 1 to 14 on a metal wall of a ship.