EP4077908A1 - Einspritzdüse zur einspritzung von kraftstoff unter hohem druck - Google Patents
Einspritzdüse zur einspritzung von kraftstoff unter hohem druckInfo
- Publication number
- EP4077908A1 EP4077908A1 EP20820920.5A EP20820920A EP4077908A1 EP 4077908 A1 EP4077908 A1 EP 4077908A1 EP 20820920 A EP20820920 A EP 20820920A EP 4077908 A1 EP4077908 A1 EP 4077908A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blind hole
- injection
- section
- needle
- sealing surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1873—Valve seats or member ends having circumferential grooves or ridges, e.g. toroidal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1866—Valve seats or member ends having multiple cones
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/06—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle or plug shaped extensions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1893—Details of valve member ends not covered by groups F02M61/1866 - F02M61/188
Definitions
- Injector nozzle for injecting fuel under high pressure
- the invention relates to an injection nozzle for injecting fuel under high pressure, such as is used, for example, to introduce fuel under high pressure into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- Injection nozzles for introducing fuel under high pressure have been known for a long time from the prior art.
- Such injection nozzles preferably form part of a fuel! injector, which is electrically controlled and can introduce high-density fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- the fuel is finely atomized when it is injected into the combustion chamber, so that an ignitable fuel-air mixture is created there.
- this is ignited by compressing the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber and burns with high efficiency due to the good atomization of the fuel.
- the injection nozzle which contains the injection holes through which the fuel ultimately emerges, controls the opening and closing of these injection openings via a piston-shaped, longitudinally displaceable nozzle needle which is arranged in the nozzle body of the injection nozzle.
- the nozzle needle is mostly moved hydraulically, which means that the closing force is generated by the hydraulic pressure in a control chamber.
- the pressure in the control room is, for example, via a controlled electromagnetic valve, so that the injection can ultimately be precisely controlled via the electromagnet.
- the nozzle needle has a conical sealing surface at its end facing the injection openings.
- the nozzle needle interacts with this sealing surface to open and close a flow cross-section with a body seat which is formed in the injection nozzle.
- the conical body seat is adjoined by a blind hole which is designed as a blind bore and from which the actual injection openings extend.
- the main purpose of the blind hole is to supply all injection openings with the same amount of fuel and thus ensure even combustion.
- the nozzle needle in its closed position, d. H. in contact with the body seat, it closes the blind hole and thus also the injection openings against the pressure chamber, which is filled with compressed fuel and surrounds the nozzle needle.
- the gap between the sealing surface and the body seat represents the narrowest cross-section that limits the flow of fuel into the blind hole.
- the fuel that flows through this gap reaches the blind hole, where, due to the significantly larger flow cross-section, there is a pressure drop and the flow is slowed down. This favors the creation of vortex structures in the fuel flow and a change from a laminar to a turbulent flow.
- the pressure drop when the fuel enters the blind hole favors the emergence of cavitation bubbles, which implode in the further course and can lead to damage to the sealing surface of the nozzle needle and to the body seat.
- a large overall injection hole cross-section i.e. the sum of the cross-sections of all injection openings, causes the gap between the sealing surface and the body seat to form the smallest flow cross-section over a relatively large needle stroke, which accordingly extends the period in which cavitation can occur .
- a large blind hole area has an equally unfavorable effect, i. H. a blind hole with a large flow cross-section within the blind hole, which leads to the injection openings, since this increases the pressure drop when the fuel flows into the blind hole and promotes the formation of cavitation.
- a large-volume blind hole also supports the formation of eddies, which increases the dwell time of the cavitation bubbles within the blind hole and increases the likelihood that they will impode there and cause damage.
- an injection nozzle for introducing fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine which operates according to the principle described above.
- the nozzle needle has a conical sealing surface which cooperates with a likewise conical body seat for opening and closing a flow cross-section.
- a Düsenna delspitze is formed, which partially protrudes into the blind hole of the injection nozzle.
- the transition from the conical sealing surface to the needle tip is rounded so that the flow cross-section, starting from the gap between the sealing surface and the body seat, widens relatively quickly and the pressure drop described above takes place before the fuel enters the blind hole.
- An injection nozzle of this type is also known from DE 10 2005 037 955 A1, in which the sealing surface has a significantly different cone angle than the body seat, so that the bearing of the sealing surface on the body seat occurs essentially on a circumferential sealing edge.
- a further, narrow cross section is formed between a second part of the sealing surface and the edge which is formed at the transition from the body seat to the blind hole, so that the flow here flows unevenly from an area with high flow velocity in an area with low and then again in an area with high flow velocity.
- the injection nozzle according to the invention has the advantage that the formation of cavitation in the injection nozzle, in particular below the sealing seat and in the blind hole, is prevented or reduced to a level that excludes harmful cavitation erosion. This improves the service life of the fuel injection valve and the precision of the injection over a longer service life.
- the injection nozzle has a nozzle body in which a pressure chamber that can be filled with fuel under high pressure and a conical body seat are formed.
- the conical body seat merges with the formation of a transition edge into a blind hole from which several injection holes go out, the sum of the flow cross-sections of all injection holes forming a total injection hole cross-section.
- a nozzle needle is arranged in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the pressure chamber and cooperates with a conical sealing surface with the body seat to open and close a flow cross-section, the nozzle needle having a needle tip at its end facing the body seat which, when the sealing surface rests on the body seat, goes into the blind hole enters.
- an injection cross-sectional area is formed between the sealing surface and the transition edge, through which the fuel can flow from the pressure chamber into the blind hole.
- the needle tip is conically shaped and has an opening angle that is smaller than the opening angle of the conical sealing surface, and a conical section is formed in the blind hole, which has an opening angle and which connects to the transition edge, the needle tip in a partial stroke the nozzle needle is arranged at the level of the conical portion of the blind hole.
- the nozzle needle tip and the blind hole form a flow cross-section which is largely constant and which, in particular in the partial stroke area of the nozzle needle, i.e. at the beginning of the opening stroke movement, forms a flow cross-section which leads to a calming of the flow and thus to a laminar flow of fuel into the injection hole .
- This is achieved by the design of the nozzle needle tip on the one hand and the blind hole on the other, between which the flow cross-section is fixed. Since there is little or no pressure drop when the fuel flows into the injection hole, the formation of cavitation is suppressed at this point, which otherwise could lead to the known cavitation damage in the area of the injection holes or the blind hole.
- the partial stroke of the nozzle needle is in particular the area of the nozzle needle stroke in which the ratio of seat cross-sectional area and total injection hole cross-section is no more than 1.3. Only when the total injection hole cross-section is greater than 1.3 times the seat cross-sectional area is there a risk of cavitation formation in the blind hole, since the injection holes then form the smallest flow cross-section and consequently there is no pressure drop when the fuel flows into the pressure chamber the blind hole is coming.
- the inventive design of the sealing surface effectively prevents the tendency to cavitation in the partial stroke area of the nozzle needle.
- the flow cross-section between the needle tip and the wall of the blind hole up to the upper edge of the injection hole is at most twice the cross-sectional area of the seat, the upper edge of the injection hole being the line that runs around the blind hole through the inlet edge of the injection holes facing the body seat the wall of the blind hole is marked.
- a shoulder is formed at the transition from the sealing surface of the nozzle needle to the needle tip, which, in cooperation with the transition edge at the transition from the body seat to the blind hole, leads to a favorable configuration of the flow cross-section in this area.
- a transition cone is formed on the nozzle needle between the needle tip and the sealing surface Opening angle is different from the opening angle of the sealing surface and from the opening angle of the needle tip. Also in cooperation with the transition edge at the beginning of the blind hole, an optimization of the flow can be achieved in order to adapt the nozzle needle to different configurations of the spray hole or the body seat.
- the opening angle of the conical needle tip and the opening angle of the conical blind hole are equal. This results in a uniform flow cross-section between these components and thus an equalization of the flow.
- the diameter of the upper edge of the spray hole can still be greater than the diameter of the transition edge in an advantageous embodiment. It can thereby be achieved that the flow cross-section between the nozzle needle and the wall of the blind hole is constant between the transition edge and the upper edge of the spray hole, so that the flow is made more uniform.
- FIG. 1 shows an injection nozzle as it is known from the prior art in a longitudinal section
- Figure 2 is an enlargement of the known from the prior art blind hole with the nozzle needle and a definition of the geometric sizes
- FIG. 3 a nozzle also known from the prior art, further flow cross-sections being defined here,
- FIG. 4 shows a first embodiment according to the invention of the injection nozzle according to the invention in the same representation as FIG. 2 and FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 further exemplary embodiments of the invention. Description of the exemplary embodiments
- FIG. 1 is a fuel! injector 1 shown in longitudinal section, as is known from the prior art, with only the area of the injection nozzle of the fuel! injector is shown, which is sufficient for the following explanation of the inven tion.
- the injection nozzle has a nozzle body 2 which, with the interposition of a throttle disk 3, is braced against a holding body 5 in a liquid-tight manner by means of a clamping nut 7.
- a pressure chamber 9 is formed, which can be filled with fuel under high pressure via a high-pressure bore 12, which is formed in the holding body 5 and the throttle plate 3.
- a piston-shaped nozzle needle 14 is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable.
- the nozzle needle 14 is guided in a guide section 15 within the pressure chamber 9, the fuel flow in this guide section 15 being ensured by a plurality of polished sections 16 on the nozzle needle 14, which are so large that there is no throttling of the fuel flow in this area .
- a body seat 25 is formed in the pressure chamber 9, which is conically shaped and which interacts with a conical sealing surface 27 formed on the nozzle needle 14.
- the conical body seat 25 is followed by a blind hole 32, from which a plurality of injection holes 30 extend, through which the fuel exits.
- the nozzle needle 14 is in a sleeve 18 leads ge.
- the sleeve 18 is pressed against the throttle plate 3 by a closing spring 19 surrounding the nozzle needle 14 and is thus held stationary in this position.
- the nozzle needle 14, the sleeve 18 and the throttle plate 3 delimit a control chamber 22, which via an inlet throttle 23 with the high pressure bore 12 is connected.
- the control chamber 22 can be connected via an outlet throttle 21 to a low-pressure chamber in the holding body 5 which is not shown in detail in the drawing.
- a control valve 20 is formed in Hal tek Congresss 5, which opens and closes this connection, driven by an electromagnetic or piezoelectric actuator.
- the control valve 20 opens the connection between the control chamber 22 and the low-pressure chamber by releasing the outlet throttle 21. Due to the pressure drop in the control room 22 the hydraulic closing force acting in the direction of the body seat 25 decreases, and the nozzle needle 14 lifts off the body seat 25 and releases a flow cross-section between the sealing surface 27 and the body seat 25 through the fuel from the pressure chamber 9 into the blind hole 32 and from there the injection openings 30 can flow.
- the fuel exits through the injection holes 30, is finely atomized in the process and, together with the air in the combustion chamber, forms an ignitable mixture.
- the control valve 20 is closed again, and the fuel flowing out of the high-pressure bore 12 via the inlet throttle 23 pushes the nozzle needle 14 back into its closed position, that is, in contact with the body seat 25.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged illustration of the section of FIG. 1 labeled II. Since the nozzle body 2 and also the nozzle needle 14 are designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal axis 10, only one side of the injection nozzle is shown here for the sake of clarity.
- the conical body seat 25 has an opening angle g, which is defined here as the angle between the longitudinal axis 10 and the body seat 25.
- the body seat 25 merges into a blind hole 32 forming a transition edge 35, the blind hole 32 having a conical section 132 and is delimited by a dome 34 at the end on the combustion chamber side.
- the opening angle of the conical blind hole 32 is denoted here by s and is significantly smaller than the opening angle g of the body seat 25.
- the sealing surface 27 on the nozzle needle 14 is also conical and interacts with the body seat 25.
- the opening angle of the sealing surface 27 is denoted by a and in this embodiment is slightly larger than the opening angle g of the body seat 25.
- the injection holes 30 are distributed over the circumference of the blind hole 32, for example five or six injection holes 30, the injection holes 30 being an upper one Form inlet edge 31, that is to say the area of the round inlet edge of the injection holes 30 which is closest to the body seat 25.
- the flow of fuel from the pressure chamber 9 into the blind hole 32 and further into the injection holes 30 takes place through different flow cross-sections, as shown in FIG.
- the flow cross-section between the sealing surface 27 and the transition edge 35 forms a seat cross-sectional area As.
- This sitting Cross-sectional area As forms the smallest flow cross-section when the nozzle needle is in a partial stroke, ie when it has moved only a little away from the body seat 25 at the beginning of the opening stroke movement.
- the fuel flows through the seat cross-sectional area As into the blind hole 32 and passes through the area Aso, which is formed by the upper edge 33 of the injection hole.
- the injection hole upper edge 33 is defined as the imaginary line on which the Einlaufkan th 31 lie.
- All spray holes 30 together form an overall spray hole cross section A S L, SO that the flow within the blind hole 32 is determined in particular by the ratio of these flow cross sections to one another.
- other geometric variables also have an influence on the flow of the fuel, in particular the so-called L dimension, which is marked with L in FIG. 3 and which marks the distance between the transition edge 35 and the center of the injection holes 30. If the nozzle needle 14 has only passed through a small part of its maximum opening stroke, the seat cross-sectional area As forms the smallest cross-section, while the area of the top edge Aso is relatively large.
- FIG. 4 shows, in the same representation as FIG. 3, a first exemplary embodiment of the injection nozzle according to the invention.
- a needle tip 28 is then formed on the conical sealing surface 27, which protrudes into the blind hole 32.
- the needle tip 28 is also conical and has an opening angle ⁇ which is smaller than the opening angle ⁇ of the sealing surface 27.
- the opening angle ⁇ corresponds roughly to the opening angle s of the blind hole wall, so that a largely constant flow cross section is formed between the needle tip 28 and the wall of the blind hole 32.
- This flow cross-section extends up to the level of the upper edge of the spray hole 33, so that the flow in this area between the seat cross-sectional area As and the spray holes 30 is made more uniform.
- the diameter DBI of the settling edge 17, which is formed between the sealing surface 27 and the needle tip 28, is smaller than the diameter Ds of the transition edge 35 (see FIG. 2), which forms the transition between the body seat 25 and the blind hole 32 marked.
- FIG. 5 a further embodiment of the injection nozzle according to the invention is shown.
- a transition cone 24 is formed here on the nozzle needle 14 between the sealing surface 27 and the needle tip 28.
- the opening angle t of the transition cone 24 is greater than the opening angle a of the sealing surface 27 and smaller than the opening angle ⁇ of the needle tip 28, so that an edge is also formed at the transition from the sealing surface 27 to the transition cone 24.
- the diameter DA of this transition edge 37 between the sealing surface 27 and the transition cone 24 is greater than the diameter of the transition edge 35 in order to shape the corresponding flow path to the 30 injection holes.
- FIG. 6 shows a further variant of the blind hole of an injection nozzle according to the invention.
- the injection hole 32 has here subsequently to the conical section 132, which is bounded by the transition edge 35 and an intermediate edge 36 be, a cylindrical section 232, to which a rounded tip 34 is connected.
- the interaction with the correspondingly shaped nozzle needle 14 is shown in FIG.
- the conical needle tip 28 is here over a large part of the needle stroke opposite the conical section 132 of the blind hole 32 and thus forms the flow cross section which leads to a calming of the flow.
- a nozzle needle 14 can be used here, which has a transition cone 24 between the sealing surface 27 and the needle tip 28.
- a further exemplary embodiment of the injection nozzle according to the invention is shown.
- a shoulder 26 is formed here, through which the offset edge 17 is formed.
- the corresponding angles and distances must be coordinated so that during the partial stroke of the nozzle needle, in which the seat cross-sectional area As is only slightly larger than the total injection hole cross-section ASL, SO, that no flow slowdown occurs when entering the blind hole 32, but only when entering the injection holes 30.
- the diameter Ds of the transition edge 35 is greater than the diameter of the intermediate edge 36 and is at most 1.6 times this diameter Ds2.
- the cone angle ⁇ of the needle tip 28 is in the range of +/- 20 ° of the opening angle s of the conical section 132 of the blind hole 32.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019220072.9A DE102019220072A1 (de) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Einspritzdüse zur Einspritzung von Kraftstoff unter hohem Druck |
PCT/EP2020/085101 WO2021122166A1 (de) | 2019-12-18 | 2020-12-08 | Einspritzdüse zur einspritzung von kraftstoff unter hohem druck |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4077908A1 true EP4077908A1 (de) | 2022-10-26 |
Family
ID=73748143
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20820920.5A Pending EP4077908A1 (de) | 2019-12-18 | 2020-12-08 | Einspritzdüse zur einspritzung von kraftstoff unter hohem druck |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230077533A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4077908A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN115135867A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019220072A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021122166A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2726074A1 (de) * | 1977-06-10 | 1978-12-21 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Kraftstoff-einspritzduese |
DE3605082A1 (de) * | 1986-02-18 | 1987-08-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kraftstoff-einspritzduese fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
DE19820513A1 (de) * | 1998-05-08 | 1999-11-11 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
DE10207189A1 (de) * | 2001-03-03 | 2002-09-12 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh | Schaltbare Einspritzeinrichtung zur Einspritzung unterschiedlicher Kraftstoffmengen |
DE102005025135A1 (de) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kraftstoffeinspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE102005037955A1 (de) | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Teilentdrosseltes Einspritzventilglied für Kraftstoffinjektoren |
DE102008039920A1 (de) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-04 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Düsenkörper, Düsenbaugruppe und Kraftstoffinjektor, sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Düsenkörpers |
-
2019
- 2019-12-18 DE DE102019220072.9A patent/DE102019220072A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-12-08 WO PCT/EP2020/085101 patent/WO2021122166A1/de unknown
- 2020-12-08 EP EP20820920.5A patent/EP4077908A1/de active Pending
- 2020-12-08 CN CN202080097017.7A patent/CN115135867A/zh active Pending
- 2020-12-08 US US17/786,861 patent/US20230077533A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN115135867A (zh) | 2022-09-30 |
WO2021122166A1 (de) | 2021-06-24 |
DE102019220072A1 (de) | 2021-06-24 |
US20230077533A1 (en) | 2023-03-16 |
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