EP4077546A1 - Liquide ionique pour stabiliser la viscosité de revêtements à base de silicate - Google Patents

Liquide ionique pour stabiliser la viscosité de revêtements à base de silicate

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Publication number
EP4077546A1
EP4077546A1 EP20829578.2A EP20829578A EP4077546A1 EP 4077546 A1 EP4077546 A1 EP 4077546A1 EP 20829578 A EP20829578 A EP 20829578A EP 4077546 A1 EP4077546 A1 EP 4077546A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
alkyl
cycloalkyl
groups
aryl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20829578.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ralf Bohlander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP4077546A1 publication Critical patent/EP4077546A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
    • C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
    • C04B14/305—Titanium oxide, e.g. titanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/12—Nitrogen containing compounds organic derivatives of hydrazine
    • C04B24/128—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
    • C09D1/04—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates with organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/44—Thickening, gelling or viscosity increasing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/54—Pigments; Dyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/3442—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
    • C08K5/3445—Five-membered rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
    • C08K5/372—Sulfides, e.g. R-(S)x-R'
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/41—Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/42—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/50—Phosphorus bound to carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
    • C08K5/5205—Salts of P-acids with N-bases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
    • C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2

Definitions

  • the presently claimed invention relates to the use of ionic liquids for stabilizing the viscosity of an aqueous silicate-based coating composition and a method for stabilizing the composi tion thereof.
  • the presently claimed invention is also directed to an aqueous composition com prising ionic liquids.
  • Coatings such as paints, containing inorganic silicate-based binder are known to require little or no biocide and therefore are gaining prominence. Further, the compatibility of silicate- based paints or coatings provide good aqueous compatibility and therefore are economically feasible.
  • viscosity increase in silicate-based coating compositions is noted to be a critical issue, wherein the coating compositions are incapable of being processed.
  • stabilizers form a critical part of silicate-based coating compositions.
  • WO 2000/73237 A1 relates to materials such coatings containing silicate binder and one or more water-soluble nitrogen compound as stabilizer.
  • the nitrogen compounds are selected from quaternized amines.
  • EP 1 222 234 B1 describes quaternary bishydroxylammonium salts as stabilizers. Flowever, such hydroxide salts are highly toxic. Additionally, such compounds are typically used in the form of dilute formulations, thereby reducing their industrial processability.
  • US 2019/0177558 A1 relates to stabilizers for reducing the viscosity of silicate paints and dispersion-based silicate paints.
  • Said stabilizers mainly belong to the category of tertiary di- alkylglucamines.
  • EP 1 431 354 B1 reveals the use of tertiary amine compounds as viscosity stabilizers. Such compounds have low toxicity, however, the stabilization potential of these is markedly lower than the stabilization potential of quaternary ammonium salts.
  • ionic liquids are capable of stabilizing the viscosity of a silicate- based aqueous coating composition, while being compatible with most commonly used com ponents of aqueous coatings including fillers and dispersants.
  • the main aspect of the presently claimed invention is directed to the use of an ionic liquid for stabilizing the viscosity of an aqueous coating composition comprising at least one silicate binder, wherein the at least one ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of
  • [A] m+ is i) a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; or ii) a cationic compound comprising two or more cationic groups which are selected independently from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; and
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [A 7 ] 4+ [A 2 ] + [Y] n - (lll.h), wherein n 5, and wherein [A 1 ] 24 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + , [A 4 ] 2+ , [A 5 ] 3+ , [A 6 ] + , and [A 7 ] 4+ are monovalent, diva lent, trivalent or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monova lent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion; and (IL4) mixed salts of the general formulae (IV. a) to (IV.
  • [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + , and [A 3 ] + are monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations se lected from [A] m+ ;
  • [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion;
  • [M 1 ] + , [M 2 ] + , and [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ are divalent metal cations and [M 5 ] 3+ are trivalent metal cations.
  • the presently claimed invention provides a method for stabilizing the vis cosity of an aqueous coating composition comprising at least one silicate binder and at least one white pigment, wherein the method comprises at least the step of adding to the aqueous coating composition, at least one ionic liquid selected from the group consisting of (I LI) salts of the general formula (I) wherein m, n, p, and q are each 1, 2, 3, or 4 and the product of p and m is equal to the product of q and n;
  • [A] m+ is i) a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; or ii) a cationic compound comprising two or more cationic groups which are selected independently from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; and
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [A 4 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [A 4 ] + [Y] n - (II. c), wherein n 4, and wherein [A 4 ] + , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + and [A 4 ] + are monovalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions;
  • [A 7 ] 4+ [A 2 ] + [Y] n- (lll.h), wherein n 5, and wherein [A 1 ] 24 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + , [A 4 ] 2+ , [A 5 ] 3+ , [A 6 ] + , and [A 7 ] 4+ are monovalent, diva lent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monova lent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and (IL4) mixed salts of the general formulae (IV. a) to (IV. j)
  • [A 1 ] 4 [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] (IV. j), wherein n 3, and wherein [A 1 ] 4 , [A 2 ] + , and [A 3 ] + are monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations se lected from [A] m+ ; [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and [M 1 ] 4 , [M 2 ] + , and [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ are divalent metal cations and [M 5 ] 3+ are trivalent metal cations.
  • the presently claimed invention provides an aqueous composition com prising: i) at least one ionic liquid selected from the group consisting of (I LI) , (IL2), (IL3), and (IL4), ii) at least one white pigment; and iii) at least one silicate binder, wherein
  • [A] m+ is i) a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; or ii) a cationic compound comprising two or more cationic groups which are selected independently from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; and
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [A 1 ] 4 [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [A 4 ] + [Y] n - (II. c), wherein n 4, and wherein [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + and [A 4 ] + is are monovalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mix ture of these anions;
  • [A 7 ] 4+ [A 2 ] + [Y] n - (lll.h), wherein n 5, and wherein [A 1 ] 24 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + , [A 4 ] 2+ , [A 5 ] 3+ , [A 6 ] + , and [A 7 ] 4+ are monovalent, diva lent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monova lent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and (IL4) mixed salts of the general formulae (IV. a) to (IV. j)
  • [A 1 ] 4 [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] (IV. j), wherein n 3, and wherein [A 1 ] 4 , [A 2 ] + , and [A 3 ] + are monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent cations se lected from [A] m+ ; [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and [M 1 ] 4 , [M 2 ] + , and [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ are divalent metal cations and [M 5 ] 3+ are trivalent metal cations.
  • a group is defined to comprise at least a certain number of embodiments, this is meant to also encompass a group which preferably consists of these embodiments only.
  • the terms 'first', 'second', 'third' or V, ' ⁇ ', 'iii', etc. and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the presently claimed invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein.
  • ranges defined throughout the specification include the end values as well, i.e. a range of 10 to 50 implies that both 10 and 50 are included in the range. For the avoidance of doubt, applicant shall be entitled to any equivalents according to applicable law. Further, the value selectable within the range need not be only integers such as 12, 14, 45, 48, and so on, but also non-integral numbers such as 12.5, 14.2, 45.2, 48.5, and so on.
  • the terms “at least one”, “one or more” or similar expressions indicating that a feature or element may be present once or more than once typically will be used only once when introducing the respective feature or element.
  • the expressions “at least one” or “one or more” will not be repeated, non-withstanding the fact that the respective feature or element may be present once or more than once.
  • silicate-based compositions are typically done using alkaline quaternary hydroxides, which are hazardous and often corrosive. Also, these com pounds are used in the form of dilute aqueous solutions, since any increase in strength can lead to unwanted increase in viscosity. Flowever, the usage of dilute solutions leads to an increased cost of processing. Surprisingly, it was found that ionic liquids were capable of stabilizing the viscosity of silicate binder-based aqueous coating compositions.
  • the viscosity- stabilization was found to be comparable to traditional alkaline quaternary hydroxides, how ever, the ionic liquids only have limited or no hazard classification, thereby making them a non-toxic and environmentally benign choice for the use in paints among others.
  • one aspect of the presently claimed invention is embodiment 1, which is directed to the use of an ionic liquid for stabilizing the viscosity of an aqueous coating composition comprising at least one silicate binder, wherein the at least one ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of (I LI) salts of the general formula (I) wherein m, n, p, and q are each 1, 2, 3, or 4 and the product of p and m is equal to the product of q and n;
  • [A] m+ is i) a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation selected from ammo nium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; or ii) a cationic compound comprising two or more cationic groups which are selected independently from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; and
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [A 7 ] 4+ [A 2 ] + [Y] n - (lll.h), wherein n 5, and wherein [A 1 ] 24 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + , [A 4 ] 2+ , [A 5 ] 3+ , [A 6 ] + , and [A 7 ] 4+ are monovalent, diva lent, trivalent or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monova lent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion; and (IL4) mixed salts of the general formulae (IV. a) to (IV. j)
  • [A 1 ] 4 [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] n- (IV. j), wherein n 3, and wherein [A 1 ] 4 , [A 2 ] + , and [A 3 ] + are monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations se lected from [A] m+ ; [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion; and [M 1 ] 4 , [M 2 ] + , and [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ are divalent metal cations and [M 5 ] 3+ are trivalent metal cations.
  • embodiment 2 which is directed to a method for stabilizing the viscosity of an aqueous coating composition comprising at least one silicate binder and at least one white pigment, wherein the method comprises at least the step of adding to the aqueous coating composition, at least one ionic liquid of embodiment 1, selected from the group consisting of (I LI) salts of the general formula (I)
  • [A] m+ is i) a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation selected from ammo nium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; or ii) a cationic compound comprising two or more cationic groups which are selected independently from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; and
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [A 1 ] 4 [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [A 4 ] + [Y] n - (II. c), wherein n 4, and wherein [A 1 ] 4 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + and [A 4 ] + are monovalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions;
  • [A 7 ] 4+ [A 2 ] + [Y] n - (lll.h), wherein n 5, and wherein [A 1 ] 24 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + , [A 4 ] 2+ , [A 5 ] 3+ , [A 6 ] + , and [A 7 ] 4+ are monovalent, diva lent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monova lent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and (IL4) mixed salts of the general formulae (IV. a) to (IV. j)
  • [A 1 ] + [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] n- (IV. j), wherein n 3, and wherein [A 1 ] 4 , [A 2 ] + , and [A 3 ] + are monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations se lected from [A] m+ ; [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and [M 1 ] 4 , [M 2 ] + , and [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ are divalent metal cations and [M 5 ] 3+ are trivalent metal cations.
  • the term “ionic liquid”, as used herein, refers to organic salts which are liquid at temperatures below 180° C.
  • the melting points of the ionic liquids are in the range from -50° C to 180° C, preferably in the range from -20° C to 100° C, in particular in the range from -10° C to 70° C and especially in the range from 0° C to 30° C.
  • Cations and anions are present in the ionic liquids.
  • a proton or an alkyl radical can be transferred from the cation to the anion in an ionic liquid, resulting in two uncharged mole cules.
  • An equilibrium of anions, cations and uncharged molecules formed therefrom can thus be present in the ionic liquids used according to the presently claimed invention.
  • alkyl comprises linear or branched alkyl.
  • the alkyl group is pref erably linear or branched Ci-C 30 -alkyl, in particular CZ-C ⁇ -alkyl and very particularly prefera bly Ci-C 5 -alkyl.
  • alkyl groups are, in particular, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, Isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylbutyl, tert-pentyl, neopen tyl, n-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-l-pentyl, 3-methyl-l-pentyl, 4-methyl-l-pentyl, 2-methyl-2- pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2,2-di- methyl-l-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl-l-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-l-butyl, 2-ethyl-l-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3,3-d
  • R a is preferably hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl.
  • R aa is preferably hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or aryl.
  • alkyl radicals whose carbon chains are interrupted by one or two nonadjacent heteroatoms -O- are the following: methoxymethyl, diethoxymethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-eth- oxyethyl, 2-propoxyethyl, diethoxyethyl, 2-butoxyethyl, 2-octyloxyethyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 3- methoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 3-propoxypropyl, 2-isopropoxyethyl, 2-butoxypropyl, 3-butox- ypropyl, 4-methoxybutyl, 4-ethoxybutyl, 4-propoxybutyl, 6-methoxyhexyl, 3,6-dioxaheptyl (5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl), 3,6-dioxaoctyl (7-methoxy-4-oxaheptyl), 4,8-dioxanony
  • alkyl radicals whose carbon chains are interrupted by three or more than three nonadjacent heteroatoms -O- are also oligooxyalkylenes and polyoxyalkylenes, i.e. com pounds having repeating units which are preferably selected from among (CH 2 CH 2 0) xl , (CH(CH 3 )CH 2 0) x2 and ((CH 2 ) 4 0) x3 , where xl, x2 and x3 are each, independently of one another, an integer from 3 to 100, preferably from 3 to 80. The sum of xl, x2 and x3 is an integer from 3 to 300, in particular from 3 to 100.
  • polyoxyalkylenes which have two or three different repeating units
  • the order is immaterial, i.e. the repeating units can be arranged randomly, alternately or in blocks.
  • Examples are 3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 3,6,9-trioxaundecyl, 3,6,9-tri- oxadodecyl, 4,8,12-trioxatridecyl (ll-methoxy-4,8-dioxaundecyl), 4,8,12-trioxatetradecyl, 14-methoxy-5,10-dioxatetradecyl, 5,10,15-trioxaheptadecyl, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatridecyl, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecyl, 4,8,12,16-tetraoxaheptadecyl (15-methoxy-4,8,12-trioxa-penta- decyl), 4,
  • alkyl radicals whose carbon chains are interrupted by one or more, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or more than 4, nonadjacent heteroatoms -S- are the following: butylthiomethyl, 2-methylthi- oethyl, 2-ethylthioethyl, 2-propy Ithioethyl, 2-butylthioethyl, 2-dodecylth ioethyl , 3-methylthio- propyl, 3-ethylthiopropyl, 3-propy Ith iopropyl, 3-butylthiopropyl, 4-methylthiobutyl, 4-ethylthi- obutyl, 4-propylthiobutyl, 3,6-d ith ia he pty 1 , 3,6-dithiaoctyl, 4,8-dithianonyl, 3,7 -dithiaoctyl, 3,7 -dithianonyl,
  • alkyl radicals whose carbon chains are interrupted by one or two nonadjacent heteroatom-comprising groups -NR a - are the following: 2-monomethyl- and 2-monoethyla- minoethyl, 2-dimethylaminoethyl, 3-methylaminopropyl, 2- and 3-dimethylaminopropyl, 3- monoisopropylaminopropyl, 2- and 4-monopropylaminobutyl, 2- and 4-dimethylaminobutyl, 6-methylaminohexyl, 6-dimethylaminohexyl, 6-methyl-3,6-diazaheptyl, 3,6-dimethyl-3,6-di- azaheptyl, 3,6-diazaoctyl and 3,6-dimethyl-3,6-diazaoctyl.
  • alkyl radicals whose carbon chains are interrupted by three or more than three nonadjacent heteroatom-comprising groups -NR a - are also oligoalkyleneimines and poly- alkyleneimines.
  • polyoxyalkylenes applies analo gously to polyalkyleneimines, with the oxygen atom being in each case replaced by an NR a group in which R a is preferably hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
  • Examples are 9-methyl-3,6,9-triaza- decyl, 3,6,9-tri methy 1-3,6,9-triazadecyl , 3,6,9-triazaundecyl, 3,6,9-trimethyl-3,6,9-triazaun- decyl, 12-methyl-3,6,9,12-tetraazatridecyl, 3,6,9,12-tetramethyl-3,6,9,12-tetraazatridecyl and the like.
  • alkyl radicals whose carbon chains are interrupted by one or more, e.g. 1 or 2, nonadjacent groups -S0 2 - are 2-methylsulfonylethyl, 2-ethylsulfonylethyl, 2- propyl - su Ifony lethyl , 2-isopropylsu Ifonylethyl , 2-butylsulfonylethyl, 2-methylsulfonylpropyl, 3-me- thylsu Ifonyl propyl, 2-ethylsu Ifonyl propyl, 3-ethylsulfonyl propyl, 2-propylsulfonyl propyl, 3- propylsulfonyl propyl , 2-butylsulfonylpropyl, 3-butylsulfonylpropyl, 2-methylsulfonylbutyl, 4-methylsulfonylbutyl, 2-methyl
  • alkyl also comprises substituted alkyl radicals.
  • Cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, polycycloalkyl, polycycloalkyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl substituents of the alkyl groups may in turn be unsubstituted or substituted; suitable substituents are those mentioned below for these groups.
  • alkyl also applies in principle to the alkyl parts of alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylthio (a I kylsu Ifany I) , alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, etc.
  • Suitable substituted alkyl radicals are the following: alkyl which is substituted by carboxy, e.g. carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 3-carboxypropyl, 4- carboxybutyl, 5-carboxypentyl, 6-carboxyhexyl, 7-carboxyheptyl, 8-carboxyoctyl, 9-carbox- ynonyl, 10-carboxydecyl, 12-carboxydodecyl and 14-carboxytetradecyl; alkyl which is substituted by S0 3 R, where R is H, a cation equivalent or an alkyl radical.
  • the cation M+ serves merely as counter ion to neutralize the sulfonate group and can in principle be selected freely.
  • Prefer ence is therefore given to using alkali metal ions, in particular Na+, K+-, U+ ions, or onium ions such as ammonium, monoalkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, tetraalkylammonium, phosphonium, tetraalkylphosphonium or tetraarylphosphonium ions; alkyl which is substituted by carboxylate, for example alkoxycarbonylalkyl, e.g.
  • alkylaminocar- bonylalkyl such as methylaminocarbonylmethyl, methylaminocarbonylethyl, ethylcarbonylme- thyl, ethylcarbonylethyl and the like or dial ky lam inocarbonyla I kyl such as dimethylaminocar- bonylmethyl, dimethylaminocarbonylethyl, dimethylcarbonylpropyl, diethylaminocarbonylme- thyl, diethylaminocarbonylethyl, diethylcarbonyl propyl and the like; alkyl which is substituted by hydroxyl, e.g.
  • alkyl which is substituted by cyano e.g. 2-cyanoethyl, 3-cyanopropyl, 3-cyanobutyl and 4- cyanobutyl
  • alkyl which is substituted by halogen as defined below where the hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group can be partly or completely replaced by halogen atoms, for example Ci-C ⁇ -fluoroalkyl, e.g.
  • Ci-Ci 8 -chloroalkyl e.g.
  • Alkoxy is an alkyl group bound via an oxygen atom.
  • alkoxy are: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy, 1,1-dimethylethoxy, n-pentoxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dime- thylpropoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexoxy, 1-methylpentoxy, 2-methylpent- oxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1,1-dimethylbutoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1,3-dime- thylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1-ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-l-methyl
  • Alkylthio (a I kylsu Ifany I) is an alkyl group bound via a sulfur atom.
  • alkylthio are methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio and hexylthio.
  • Aryl-substituted alkyl radicals (“arylalkyl”) have at least one unsubstituted or substituted aryl group as defined below. Suitable substituents on the aryl group are those mentioned below.
  • the alkyl group in "arylalkyl” can bear at least one further substituent as defined above and/or be interrupted by one or more nonadjacent heteroatoms or heteroatom-comprising groups selected from among -0-, -S-, -NR a - and/or -S0 2 -.
  • Arylalkyl is preferably phenyl-C/- Ci 0 -alkyl, particularly preferably phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, e.g. benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl,
  • alkenyl comprises linear and branched alkenyl groups which, de pending on the chain length, can bear one or more double bonds (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or more than 4). Preference is given to C 2 -C 18 -, particularly preferably C 2 -C 12 -alkenyl groups.
  • alkenyl also comprises substituted alkenyl groups which can bear one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more than 5) substituents.
  • alkenyl also comprises alkenyl radicals whose carbon chain can be interrupted by one or more nonadjacent heteroatoms or heteroatom-comprising groups which are preferably selected from among -0-, -S-, -NR a - and -S0 2 -.
  • Alkenyl is then, for example, ethenyl (vinyl), 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-bu- tenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hex- enyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, penta-l,3-dien-l-yl, hexa-l,4-dien-l-yl, hexa-1,4- dien-3-yl, hexa-l,4-dien-6-yl, hexa-l,5-dien-l-yl, hexa-l,5-dien-3-yl, hexa-l,5-dien-4-yl, hepta-l,4-dien-l-yl, h
  • cycloalkyl comprises both unsubstituted and substituted mono- cyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups which generally have from 3 to 12 ring carbons, prefer ably C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclo- heptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl or cyclododecyl, in particular C 5 -C 12 - cycloalkyl.
  • Suitable substituents are generally selected from among alkyl, the substituents mentioned above for the alkyl groups, alkoxy and alkylthio.
  • Substituted cycloalkyl groups can have one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more than 5) substituents, in the case of halogen the cycloalkyl radical being partially or completely substituted by halogen.
  • cycloalkyl groups are cyclopentyl, 2- and 3-methylcyclopentyl, 2- and 3-ethylcy- clopentyl, chloropentyl, dichloropentyl, dimethylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 2-, 3- and 4-methyl- cyclohexyl, 2-, 3- and 4-ethylcyclohexyl, 3- and 4-propylcyclohexyl, 3- and 4-isopropylcyclo- hexyl, 3- and 4-butylcyclohexyl, 3- and 4-sec-butylcyclohexyl, 3- and 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, chlorohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, methoxycyclohexyl, dimethoxycyclohexyl, diethoxycyclohexyl, butoxycyclohexyl, methylthiocyclohexyl,
  • Cycloalkyloxy is a cycloalkyl group as defined above bound via oxygen.
  • cycloalkenyl comprises unsubstituted and substituted, monoun- saturated or doubly unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having from 3 to 5, from 3 to 8, from 3 to 12, preferably from 5 to 12, ring carbons, e.g. cyclopent-l-en-l-yl, cyclopent-2-en-l-yl, cyclopent-3-en-l-yl, cyclohex-l-en-l-yl, cyclohex-2-en-l-yl, cyclohex-3-en-l-yl, cyclohexa-2,5-dien-l-yl and the like. Suitable substituents are those mentioned above for cycloalkyl.
  • Cycloalkenyloxy is a cycloalkenyl group as defined above bound via oxygen.
  • polycyclyl comprises in the widest sense compounds which com prise at least two rings, regardless of how these rings are linked.
  • the rings can be carbocyclic and/or heterocyclic rings.
  • the rings can be saturated or unsaturated.
  • the rings can be linked via a single or double bond ("multiring systems"), be joined by fusion (“fused ring systems”) or be bridged ("bridged ring systems", “cage compounds”).
  • Preferred polycyclic compounds are bridged ring systems and fused ring systems.
  • Fused ring systems can be aromatic, hy droaromatic and cyclic compounds joined by fusion (fused compounds).
  • Fused ring systems comprise two, three or more than three rings.
  • bicyclo, tricyclo, tetracyclo com pounds, etc. which comprise two, three, four, etc. rings.
  • the expression "bicy cloalkyl” comprises bicyclic hydrocarbon radicals which preferably have from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, e.g.
  • a further example is the expression "bicycloalkenyl" which comprises monounsaturated, bi cyclic hydrocarbon radicals which preferably have from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, e.g. bicy clo [2.2.1] hept-2-en-l -y I .
  • Polycyclyloxy is a polycyclyl group as defined above bound via oxygen.
  • aryl comprises aromatic hydrocarbon radicals which have one or more rings and can be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • Aryl generally refers to hydrocarbon rad icals having from 6 to 10, up to 14, up to 18, preferably from 6 to 10, ring carbons.
  • Aryl is preferably unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, naph- thacenyl, chrysenyl, pyrenyl, etc., and particularly preferably phenyl or naphthyl.
  • Substituted aryls can, depending on the number and size of their ring systems, have one or more (e.g.
  • substituents are preferably selected independently from among alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, hetaryl, halogen, hydroxy, SH, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, COOFI, carboxylate, S0 3 FH , sul fonate, NE 5 E 6 , nitro and cyano, where E 5 and E 6 are each, independently of one another, hy drogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, polycyclyl, polycyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, aryloxy or hetaryl. Particular preference is given to aryl being phenyl which, if it is substituted, can generally bear 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably 1, 2 or
  • Aryl which bears one or more radicals is, for example, 2-, 3- and 4-methylphenyl, 2,4-, 2,5-,
  • substituted aryl in which two substituents which are bound to adjacent carbon atoms of the aryl ring form a fused-on ring or fused ring system are indenyl and fluoroenyl.
  • aryloxy refers to aryl bound via an oxygen atom.
  • arylthio refers to aryl bound via a sulfur atom.
  • heterocycloalkyl comprises nonaromatic, unsaturated or fully sat urated, cycloaliphatic groups which generally have from 5 to 8 ring atoms, preferably 5 or 6 ring atoms, and in which 1, 2 or 3 of the ring carbons have been replaced by heteroatoms selected from among oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and an -NR a - group and which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, Ci-C 6 -alkyl groups.
  • heterocycloaliphatic groups are pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperid iny I, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, morpholidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxa- zolidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydrothienyl, dihydrothienyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tet- rahydropyranyl, 1,2-oxazoli n -5-yl , l,3-oxazolin-2-yl and dioxanyl.
  • Nitrogen-comprising heter ocycloalkyl can in principle be bound either via a carbon atom or via a nitrogen atom.
  • heteroaryl as used herein comprises unsubstituted or substituted, het eroaromatic groups which have one or more rings and generally have from 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably 5 or 6 ring atoms, and in which 1, 2 or 3 of the ring carbons have been replaced by one, two, three or four heteroatoms selected from among 0, N, -NR a - and S, for example furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzthiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, indolyl, purinyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl
  • 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-comprising heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl radicals which may op tionally comprise further heteroatoms, are, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tria- zolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl or quinaldinyl, which can be unsubstituted or sub stituted as mentioned above.
  • Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • carboxylate and sulfonate preferably denote derivatives of a carboxylic acid function or a sulfonic acid function, in particular a metal carboxylate or sulfonate, a carboxylic acid ester or sulfonic ester function or a carbox amide or sulfonamide function.
  • esters with C 1 -C 4 -alkanols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol.
  • acyl refers to alkanoyl, hetaroyl or aroyl groups which generally have from 1 to 11, preferably from 2 to 8, carbon atoms, for example formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, 2-ethylhexanoyl, 2-propylheptanoyl, benzoyl or naphthoyl group.
  • the radicals E 1 , E 2 , E 3 and E 4 are selected independently from among hydrogen, alkyl, cyclo alkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and hetaryl.
  • the groups NE 4 E 2 and NE 3 E 4 are preferably N,N-di- methylamino, N,N-diethylamino, N,N-dipropylamino, N,N-diisopropylamino, N,N-di-n-butyla- mino, N,N-di-tert-butylamino, N,N-dicyclohexylamino or N,N-diphenylamino.
  • the metal cations [M 1 ] + , [M 2 ] + , [M 3 ] + , [M 4 ] 2+ and [M 5 ] 3+ mentioned in the formulae (III. a) to (lll.j) are generally metal cations of groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the Periodic Table.
  • Suitable metal cations are, for example, Li + , Na + , K + , Cs + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 3+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , V 5+ , Cr 3+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ag + , Zn 2+ and Al 3+ .
  • the positive charge of a cation of the ionic liquids can be localized on one atom in the mole cule of the cation or, according to a further possibility, be partially or completely delocalized over the molecule of the cation.
  • a nitrogen atom is a suitable carrier of the positive charge in the cation of the ionic liquids.
  • a cation can firstly be produced by quaterni- zation of the nitrogen atom of, for instance, an amine or a nitrogen heterocycle in the synthe sis of the ionic liquids. The quaternization can be effected by protonation of the nitrogen atom.
  • salts having different anions are obtained.
  • it can be formed in a further synthetic step.
  • the halide can be reacted with a Lewis acid, forming a complex anion of halide and Lewis acid.
  • a halide ion can be replaced by the desired anion. This can be achieved by addi tion of a metal salt with precipitation of the metal halide formed, by means of an ion ex changer or by displacement of the halide ion by a strong acid (with liberation of the hydrohalic acid).
  • Suitable processes are described, for example, in Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, pp. 3926-3945 and the references cited therein.
  • Preference is given to compounds which comprise at least one five- or six-membered heter ocycle, in particular a five-membered heterocycle, which has at least one nitrogen atom and, if appropriate, an oxygen or sulfur atom, with particular preference being given to compounds which comprise at least one five- or six-membered heterocycle which has one, two or three nitrogen atoms and a sulfur or oxygen atom, particularly preferably ones having two nitrogen atoms. Further preference is given to aromatic heterocycles.
  • Particularly preferred compounds are those which have a molar mass of less than 1500 g/mol, very particularly preferably less than 1000 g/mol and in particular less than 800 g/mol.
  • the viscosity of compositions is known to increase for a few days.
  • the com position is considered “stable”, if the increase in viscosity is minimal and a constant viscosity should be reached within 3 weeks. In other words, the increase in viscosity should be a factor of not more than 3, better a factor of only 2, above the initial value.
  • the viscosity of aqueous coating composition was measured using a Haake Rotovisco viscometer, wherein the viscosity was measured in Stromer Krebs units (SKT). Said units may be converted to centipoise using the procedure outlined in ASTM D562. Furthermore, the viscosity of said compositions were determined at two different shear rates, as an indication of in-can stability, over a period of 4 weeks in order to test the effectiveness of the stabilizers.
  • stabi lizers such as ionic liquids described herein
  • ionic liquids described herein ionic liquids described herein
  • compositions that show minimal increase are considered suitable.
  • the compositions reveal an increase in viscosity by a factor of up to 4 versus the initial viscosity.
  • Most preferably, the compositions reveal an increase in viscosity by a factor of up to 3 versus the initial viscosity.
  • the aqueous composition has a viscosity in the range of 20 to 120 SKT, after three weeks of measurement, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the aqueous composition has a viscosity in the range of 30 to 100 SKT, after three weeks of measurement, in embodi ment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the aqueous composition has a viscosity in the range of 30 to 80 SKT, after three weeks of measurement, in embodi ment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • m, n, p, and q are each 1, 2, 3, or 4 and the product of p and m is equal to the product of q and n; and [A] m+ is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • m, n, p, and q are each l, 2, 3, or 4 and the product of p and m is equal to the product of q and n;
  • [A] m+ is a monovalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phospho nium groups, in embodiment 1 or 2.
  • [A] m+ is selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.a) to (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (CCNE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl,
  • R 1 and R 3 or R 3 and R 5 in the compounds of the formula (V.x.l) together represent the second bond of a double bond between the ring atoms bearing these radicals, or the radicals R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are alkanediyl, cycloal kanediyl, alkenediyl or cycloalkenediyl which links a cation of one of the formulae (V.a) to (V.z) to a further cation of one of the formulae (V.a) to (V.z); wherein these radicals additionally function, via their sec ond point of bonding, as radical R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 of said further cation; and the radicals alkanediyl, cycloal kanediy
  • [A] m+ is selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (C)(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalky
  • the radicals R, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which are bound to a heteroatom are each, independently of one another, Ci-C 8 - alkyl, or cycloalkyl, and the radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a carbon atom are each hydrogen, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the radicals R, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which are bound to a heteroatom are each, independently of one another, Ci-C 5 - alkyl, or cycloalkyl, and the radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a carbon atom are each hydrogen, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the radicals R, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which are bound to a heteroatom are each, independently of one another, Ci- C 5 -a I kyl , and the radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a carbon atom are each hydrogen, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the compound of formula (V.e) is l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the compounds of the formula (V.u) are selected from the group consisting of methyltriethanolammonium, and di- methylcyclohexylammonium, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the compound of the formula (V.u) is methyltriethanolammonium, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the compound of the formula (V.u) is dimethylcyclohexylammonium, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the compounds of formula (V.y) are selected from the group consisting of tributylethylphosphonium, and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the compound of the formula (V.y) is tributylethylphosphonium, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the com pound of the formula (V.y) is tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium, in embodiment 1 or em bodiment 2.
  • [U] h ⁇ e selected from anions of: - the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr anions of hydroxycarboxylic acids and sugar acids; the group of carbonates and carbonic esters of the general formulae:
  • HCCV C0 3 2 h R C C(V; wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, or heteroaryl; radical
  • [Y] n - is selected from anions of: - the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • RO HRO H 2 P0 4- , R C P0 4 2 -, HR C P0 4- , R c R d P0 4 k the group of phosphonates and phosphinates of the general formulae:
  • R c R d P(V, R C HP(V, R c R d PCT, R c HPOk the group of carboxylates of the general formula:
  • R c COCr anions of hydroxycarboxylic acids and sugar acids; the group of carbonates and carbonic esters of the general formulae:
  • R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • RO HP0 4 2 -, H 2 POY, R C P0 4 2 -, HR C POY, R c R d P0 4 k the group of carboxylates of the general formula:
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • [A] m+ is selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (C)(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy, heterocycloalky
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [Y] n is selected from ROSCV, R c R d PC and R c CO(Y; wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen and Ci-C 8 -alkyl, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2. In a most preferred embodiment of the presently claimed invention, R c and R d selected inde pendently from each other from hydrogen and Ci-C 5 -alkyl, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2
  • [Y] n Ys selected from anions of: - the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COO-; anions of hydroxycarboxylic acids and sugar acids; the group of carbonates and carbonic esters of the general formulae:
  • [Y] n is selected from ROSO3-, R c R d PCV and R c COCT; wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen and Ci-C 8 -alkyl, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [Y] n is selected from anions of: - the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr anions of hydroxycarboxylic acids and sugar acids; the group of carbonates and carbonic esters of the general formulae:
  • [Y] n is selected from ROSCR, R c R d PCV and R c COCT; wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen and Ci-C 5 -alkyl, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl
  • [Y] n Vs selected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr anions of hydroxycarboxylic acids and sugar acids; the group of carbonates and carbonic esters of the general formulae:
  • HCO 3- C0 3 2 h R C C(V; wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, in embodiment 1 or embodi ment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy, heterocycloalky
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, in embodiment 1 or embodi ment 2.
  • [A] m+ is selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (C)(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalky
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, in embodiment 1 or embodi ment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid contains 1 to 8 carbon atoms, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, methyltriethan- olammonium methosulfate, tributylethylphosphonium diethylphosphate, bis(dimethylcyclohexylammonium) sulfate, and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is methyltriethanolammonium methosulfate, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is tributylethylphosphonium diethylphosphate, in embodiment 1 or embodi ment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is bis(dimethylcyclohexylammonium) sulfate, in embodiment 1 or em bodiment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate, in embodiment 1 or embodi ment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is present in an amount in the range from > 0.05 wt.% to ⁇ 5.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CC lME ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalky
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and at least one ionic liquid is present in an amount in the range from > 0.05 wt.% to ⁇ 5.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodi ment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is present in an amount in the range from > 0.2 wt.% to ⁇ 2.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (C)(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and at least one ionic liquid is present in an amount in the range from > 0.2 wt.% to ⁇ 2.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodi ment 2.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is present in an amount in the range from > 0.4 wt.% to ⁇ 1.2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), ( V.z) in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and at least one ionic liquid is present in an amount in the range from > 0.4 wt.% to ⁇ 1.2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodi ment 2.
  • the at least one silicate binder is selected from the group consisting of colloidal silica, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, lithium silicate, and combinations thereof, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the at least one silicate binder is colloidal silica, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 10.0 wt.% to ⁇ 50.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (C)(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy,
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 10.0 wt.% to ⁇ 50.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 15.0 wt.% to ⁇ 30.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (C)(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 15.0 wt.% to ⁇ 30.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 15.0 wt.% to ⁇ 22.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (C)(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 15.0 wt.% to ⁇ 22.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:1000 to 1:2, in em bodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:150 to 1:7.5, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:48 to 1:15, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloal
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c C0Cr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:1000 to 1:2, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloal
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c C0Cr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:150 to 1:7.5, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloal
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c C0Cr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:48 to 1:15, in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
  • embodiment 3 directed to an aqueous composition
  • an aqueous composition comprising: i) at least one ionic liquid of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, selected from the group consisting of (I LI), (IL2), (IL3), and (IL4), ii) at least one white pigment; and iii) at least one silicate binder, wherein
  • [A] m+ is i) a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; or ii) a cationic compound comprising two or more cationic groups which are selected independently from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; and
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [A 1 ] 4 [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [A 4 ] + [Y] n - (II. c), wherein n 4, and wherein [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + and [A 4 ] + is are monovalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mix ture of these anions;
  • [A 7 ] 4+ [A 2 ] + [Y] n - (lll.h), wherein n 5, and wherein [A 1 ] 24 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + , [A 4 ] 2+ , [A 5 ] 3+ , [A 6 ] + , and [A 7 ] 4+ are monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monovalent, di valent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and (IL4) mixed salts of the general formulae (IV. a) to (IV. j)
  • [A 1 ] 4 [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] (IV. j), wherein n 3, and wherein [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + , and [A 3 ] + are monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent cations se lected from [A] m+ ; [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and [M 1 ] + , [M 2 ] + , and [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ are divalent metal cations and [M 5 ] 3+ are trivalent metal cations.
  • the aqueous composition of embodiment 3 comprises the ionic liquid of embodiment 1 or 2. Therefore, all the preferred limitations, embodiments and definitions defined hereinabove, are applicable to embodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating composi tion further comprises at least one dispersant selected from the group of alkoxylated poly- carboxylates, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the alkoxylated polycar- boxylate is an ammonium polyacrylate, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one dispersant is present in an amount in the range from > 0.05 wt.% to ⁇ 2.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, ⁇ 30(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one dispersant is present in an amount in the range from > 0.05 wt.% to ⁇ 2.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one disper sant is present in an amount in the range from > 0.1 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, ⁇ 30(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one dispersant is present in an amount in the range from > 0.1 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating composi tion further comprises at least one filler selected from the group consisting of natural calcium carbonate, calcite, marble, chalk, mica, feldspar, beryl, wollastonite, quartz, talc, kaolin, poz- zolanic earth, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, zinc silicate, barium sulfate, and combinations thereof, in embodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating composition further comprises at least one filler selected from natural calcium carbonate, in embodiment 3. Synthetic or precipitated calcium carbonate was found to be less suited in comparison to natural carbonate.
  • the at least one filler is present in an amount in the range from > 5.0 wt.% to ⁇ 80.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloal
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c C0Cr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one filler is present in an amount in the range from > 5.0 wt.% to ⁇ 80.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one filler is present in an amount in the range from > 30.0 wt.% to ⁇ 60.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), ⁇ V.e) u> C ( V.z)
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (C)(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, ary
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one filler is present in an amount in the range from > 30.0 wt.% to ⁇ 60.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one white pigment is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, rutile, anatase, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, and combinations thereof, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one white pigment is titanium dioxide, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one white pigment is present in an amount in the range from > 1.0 wt.% to ⁇ 10.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, ⁇ 30(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy,
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one white pigment is present in an amount in the range from > 1.0 wt.% to ⁇ 10.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one white pigment is present in an amount in the range from > 3.0 wt.% to ⁇ 9.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CC lME ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one white pigment is present in an amount in the range from > 3.0 wt.% to ⁇ 9.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one silicate binder is selected from the group consisting of colloidal silica, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, lithium silicate, and combinations thereof, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one silicate binder is colloidal silica, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 10.0 wt.% to ⁇ 50.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, ⁇ 30(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c R d PCV
  • the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 15.0 wt.% to ⁇ 30.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, ⁇ 30(NE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 15.0 wt.% to ⁇ 30.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating composi tion further comprises at least one thickener selected from the group consisting of carbox- ymethyl cellulose, polyurethane, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydro- phobized urethane, xanthan gum, micro fibrillated cellulose, and combinations thereof, in em bodiment 3.
  • at least one thickener selected from the group consisting of carbox- ymethyl cellulose, polyurethane, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydro- phobized urethane, xanthan gum, micro fibrillated cellulose, and combinations thereof, in em bodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating composi tion further comprises at least one thickener selected from carboxymethyl cellulose, in em bodiment 3.
  • the at least one thick ener is present in an amount in the range from > 0.08 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CC lME ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and wherein the at least one thickener is present in an amount in the range from > 0.08 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one thickener is present in an amount in the range from > 0.2 wt.% to ⁇ 0.6 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloal
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the at least one thickener is present in an amount in the range from > 0.2 wt.% to ⁇ 0.6 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one filler is in the range from 1:1600 to 1:1, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy, heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one filler is in the range from 1:1600 to 1:1, in embodiment 3.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one filler is in the range from 1:300 to 1:15, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl;
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one filler is in the range from 1:300 to 1:15, in embodiment 3.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one dispersant is in the range from 1:40 to 100:1, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloal
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one dispersant is in the range from 1:40 to 100:1, in embodiment 3.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one dispersant is in the range from 1:5 to 20:1, in embod iment 3
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z),
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, poly- cyclyloxy, heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae: S0 4 2 -, HSCV, S0 3 2 k HSCV, ROSCV, R c S0 3 k the group of phosphates of the general formulae: RO HRO H 2 P0 4 , R C P0 4 2 -, HR C P0 4- , R c R d P(V; the group of carboxylates of the general formula:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one dispersant is in the range from 1:5 to 20:1, in embodiment 3.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:1000 to 1:2, in em bodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CO(NE 1 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloal
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:1000 to 1:2, in embodiment 3.
  • the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:150 to 1:7.5, in embodiment 3.
  • [A] m+ is se lected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.e), (V.u), (V.y) and (V.z), in which R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one an other, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CC lME ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, al- kylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo
  • [Y] n is se lected from anions of: the group of sulfates, sulfites and sulfonates of the general formulae:
  • R c R d PCV
  • R c C0Cr the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:150 to 1:7.5, in embodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating compo sition further comprises at least one anti-foaming agent selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, silicone oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, rice bran oil, olive oil, and combinations thereof and the at least one anti foaming agent is present in an amount in the range from > 0.08 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • at least one anti-foaming agent selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, silicone oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, rice bran oil, olive oil, and combinations thereof and the at least one anti foaming agent is present in an amount in the range from > 0.08 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the at least one anti foaming agent is present in an amount in the range from > 0.2 wt.% to ⁇ 0.6 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating com position further comprises at least one anti-foaming agent selected from mineral oil, in em bodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating composi tion further comprises at least one organic binder selected from the group consisting of sty rene acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate, vinyl propionate, and combinations thereof and the at least one organic binder is present in an amount in the range from > 2.0 wt.% to ⁇ 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • at least one organic binder selected from the group consisting of sty rene acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate, vinyl propionate, and combinations thereof and the at least one organic binder is present in an amount in the range from > 2.0 wt.% to ⁇ 20.0 wt.%
  • the at least one organic binder is present in an amount in the range from > 2.0 wt.% to ⁇ 10.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, in embodiment 3.
  • the aqueous composition has a viscosity in the range of 20 to 120 SKT, after three weeks of measurement, in embodiment 3. In a more preferred embodiment of the presently claimed invention, the aqueous composition has a viscosity in the range of 30 to 100 SKT, after three weeks of measurement, in embodi ment 3.
  • the aqueous composition has a viscosity in the range of 30 to 80 SKT, after three weeks of measurement, in embodi ment 3.
  • the aqueous coating com position further comprises at least one organic binder selected from styrene acrylate, in em bodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating composi tion further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of viscosity regulator, hydrophobing agent, and combinations thereof, in embodiment 3.
  • the aqueous coating composi tion further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of film forming solvent selected from any solvent suitable for lowering Tg of binder is suitable, in embodiment 3.
  • the viscosity regulator is se lected from the group consisting of siliconate and complexing agents.
  • the preferred siliconate is potassium siliconate.
  • the preferred complexing agents is methylglycinate. The complexing agent helps prevent unwanted side reaction capturing metal cations such as Mg 2+ , in embod iment 3.
  • the hydrophobing agent is se lected from the group consisting of silicone oil, potassium methyl siliconate, polymethylhy- drogensiloxane, octyltriethoxysilanes, iso-octyltriethoxysilane, and combinations thereof, in embodiment 3.
  • the hydrophobing agent is a beneficial additive in exterior application.
  • the aqueous composition may be dispensed in the form of interior paint, exterior paint, in embodiment 3.
  • ionic liquid of the presently claimed invention prevents unwanted increase in viscosity of the coating compositions, by stabilizing the viscosity of coating compositions, such that the compositions have a viscosity in the range of 30 to 80 SKT after 3 weeks of measurement.
  • the ionic liquid of the presently claimed invention is capable of being useful for a wide- variety of coating compositions, such as interior paints, exterior paints, among others.
  • the ionic liquid of the presently claimed invention is compatible with the common ingredi ents used as part of coating compositions.
  • the ionic liquids are noted to be compatible with a variety of fillers, thus increasing their applicability.
  • ionic liquid of the presently claimed invention ensures adherence to safety norms, since ionic liquids don’t have hazardous classification and are non-toxic.
  • the ionic liquid of the presently claimed invention are capable of being processed in pure or undiluted form, thereby increasing their industrial applicability.
  • At least one ionic liquid for stabilizing the viscosity of an aqueous coating com position comprising at least one silicate binder, wherein the at least one ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of:
  • [A] m+ is i) a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; or ii) a cationic compound comprising two or more cationic groups which are selected independently from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; and
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [A 7 ] 4+ [A 2 ] + [Y] n - (lll.h), wherein n 5, and wherein [A 1 ] 24 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + , [A 4 ] 2+ , [A 5 ] 3+ , [A 6 ] + , and [A 7 ] 4+ are monovalent, diva lent, trivalent or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monova lent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion; and (IL4) mixed salts of the general formulae (IV. a) to (IV. j)
  • [A 1 ] 4 [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] (IV. j), wherein n 3, and wherein [A 1 ] 4 , [A 2 ] + , and [A 3 ] + are monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion; and [M 1 ] 4 , [M 2 ] + , and [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ are divalent metal cations and [M 5 ] 3+ are trivalent metal cations.
  • a method for stabilizing the viscosity of an aqueous coating composition comprising at least one silicate binder and at least one white pigment, wherein the method comprises at least the step of adding to the aqueous coating composition, at least one ionic liquid selected from the group consisting of:
  • [A] m+ is i) a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; or ii) a cationic compound comprising two or more cationic groups which are selected independently from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; and
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [A 1 ] 4 [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [A 4 ] + [Y] n - (II. c), wherein n 4, and wherein [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + and [A 4 ] + are monovalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions;
  • [A 7 ] 4+ [A 2 ] + [Y] n - (lll.h), wherein n 5, and wherein [A 1 ] 24 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + , [A 4 ] 2+ , [A 5 ] 3+ , [A 6 ] + , and [A 7 ] 4+ are monovalent, diva lent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monova lent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and (IL4) mixed salts of the general formulae (IV. a) to (IV. j)
  • [A 1 ] 4 [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] (IV. j), wherein n 3, and wherein [A 1 ] 4 , [A 2 ] + , and [A 3 ] + are monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and [M 1 ] 4 , [M 2 ] + , and [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ are divalent metal cations and [M 5 ] 3+ are trivalent metal cat ions.
  • m, n, p, and q are each 1,, 3, or 4 and the product of p and m is equal to the product of q and n; and [A] m+ is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups.
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sul fonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (CCNE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl,
  • R 1 and R 3 or R 3 and R 5 in the compounds of the formula (V.x.l) together represent the second bond of a double bond between the ring atoms bearing these radicals, or the radicals R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are alkanediyl, cycloal ka ned iyl , al- kenediyl or cycloalkenediyl which links a cation of one of the formulae (V.a) to (V.z) to a further cation of one of the formulae (V.a) to (V.z); wherein these radicals additionally function, via their second point of bonding, as radical R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 of said further cation; and the radicals alkanediyl, cycloal-
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloal kyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, 00(NE 4 E 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfi- nyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, polycyclyloxy, heterocycloalkyl;
  • R c COCr anions of hydroxycarboxylic acids and sugar acids; the group of carbonates and carbonic esters of the general formulae:
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydro gen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
  • [Y] n is selected from ROSOY , R c R d POY and R c COCT; wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydro gen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl.
  • R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen and Ci-C 8 -alkyl.
  • R c and R d are selected inde pendently from each other from hydrogen and Ci-C 5 -alkyl.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, methyltriethanolammonium methosulfate, tributylethylphosphonium dieth yl phosphate, bis(dimethylcyclohexylammonium) sulfate, and tetrakis(hydroxyme- thy phosphonium sulfate.
  • the at least one silicate binder is selected from the group consisting of colloidal silica, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, lithium silicate, and combinations thereof.
  • An aqueous coating composition comprising: iii) at least one ionic liquid selected from the group consisting of (I LI) , (IL2), (IL3), and (IL4), iv) at least one white pigment; and iii) at least one silicate binder, wherein
  • [A] m+ is i) a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; or ii) a cationic compound comprising two or more cationic groups which are selected independently from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups; and
  • [Y] n - is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions
  • [A 1 ] 4 [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [A 4 ] + [Y] n - (II. c), wherein n 4, and wherein [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + and [A 4 ] + is are monovalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mix ture of these anions;
  • [A 7 ] 4+ [A 2 ] + [Y] n - (lll.h), wherein n 5, and wherein [A 1 ] 24 , [A 2 ] + , [A 3 ] + , [A 4 ] 2+ , [A 5 ] 3+ , [A 6 ] + , and [A 7 ] 4+ are monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; and [Y] n is a monovalent, di valent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and (IL4) mixed salts of the general formulae (IV. a) to (IV. j)
  • [A 1 ] 4 [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] n- (IV. j), wherein n 3, and wherein [A 1 ] 4 , [A 2 ] + , and [A 3 ] + are monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent cations selected from [A] m+ ; [Y] n is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent anion or a mixture of these anions; and [M 1 ] 4 , [M 2 ] + , and [M 3 ] + are monovalent metal cations, [M 4 ] 2+ are divalent metal cations and [M 5 ] 3+ are trivalent metal cations.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiment 26, wherein m, n, p, and q are each 1, 2, 3, or 4 and the product of p and m is equal to the product of q and n; [A] m+ is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiments 27, wherein m, n, p, and q are each 1, 2, 3, or 4 and the product of p and m is equal to the product of q and n; [A] m+ is a monovalent cation selected from ammonium groups, oxonium groups, sulfonium groups, and phosphonium groups.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 28, wherein [A] m+ is selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae (V.a) to (V.z), .
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sul fonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, (CCNE ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, polycyclyl, polycyclyloxy, heterocyclo
  • R 1 and R 3 or R 3 and R 5 in the compounds of the formula (V.x.l) together represent the second bond of a double bond between the ring atoms bearing these radicals or, the radicals R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are alkanediyl, cycloal kanediyl, al- kenediyl, or cycloalkenediyl which links a cation of one of the formulae (V.a) to (V.z) to a further cation of one of the formulae (V.a) to (V.z); wherein these radicals additionally function, via their second point of bonding, as radical R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 or R 9 of said further cation; and the radicals alkanediyl, cycloal- kaned
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, polycyclyl, heterocycloal kyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a ring carbon are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, a sulfo group, COOH, carboxylate, sulfonate, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, CC lME ⁇ 2 ), cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, SH, nitro, NE 3 E 4 , alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfi- nyl, alkylsu Ifonyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyloxy, poly cyclyl, polycyclyloxy, heterocycl
  • rad icals R, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which are bound to a heteroatom are each, independently of one another, Ci-C 8 -alkyl, or cycloalkyl, and the radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a carbon atom are each hydrogen.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of embodiments 29 to 31, wherein the radicals R, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 which are bound to a heteroatom are each, independently of one another, Ci-C 5 -alkyl, or cycloalkyl, and the radicals R 2 , R 3 and R 4 which are bound to a carbon atom are each hydrogen.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 29 to 32, wherein the compounds of formula (V.u), are selected from the group consisting of me- thyltriethanolammonium, and dimethylcyclohexylammonium.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 29 to 32, wherein the compounds of formula (V.y), are selected from the group consisting of tribu- tylethylphosphonium, and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium.
  • R c COCr anions of hydroxycarboxylic acids and sugar acids; the group of carbonates and carbonic esters of the general formulae:
  • R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydro gen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
  • R c COCr wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydro gen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of embodiments 36 to 38, wherein the radicals R c and R d are selected independently from each other from hydrogen, C 4 - C 8 -alkyl.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiment 26 to 40, wherein the at least one ionic liquid contains 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 41, wherein the at least one ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of 1 -ethyl -3- methylimidazolium acetate, methyltriethanolammonium methosulfate, tributyl- ethyl phosphonium diethylphosphate, bis(dimethylcyclohexylammonium) sulfate, and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate.
  • the at least one ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of 1 -ethyl -3- methylimidazolium acetate, methyltriethanolammonium methosulfate, tributyl- ethyl phosphonium diethylphosphate, bis(dimethylcyclohexylammonium) sulfate, and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 42, wherein the at least one ionic liquid is present in an amount in the range from > 0.05 wt.% to ⁇ 5.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiment 43 wherein the at least one ionic liquid is present in an amount in the range from > 0.2 wt.% to ⁇ 2.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 44, wherein the halide content of the aqueous coating composition is in the range from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt.% based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 44, wherein the aqueous coating composition further comprises at least one dispersant selected from the group of alkoxylated polycarboxylates.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiments 46 or 47, wherein the at least one dispersant is present in an amount in the range from > 0.05 wt.% to ⁇ 2.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiment 48 wherein the at least one dispersant is present in an amount in the range from > 0.1 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 49, wherein the aqueous coating composition further comprises at least one filler selected from the group consisting of natural calcium carbonate, calcite, marble, chalk, mica, feldspar, beryl, wollastonite, quartz, talc, kaolin, pozzolanic earth, calcium silicate, alu minum silicate, magnesium silicate, zinc silicate, barium sulfate, and combinations thereof.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiment 50 wherein the at least one filler is present in an amount in the range from > 5.0 wt.% to ⁇ 80.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 52, wherein the at least one white pigment is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, rutile, anatase, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, and combinations thereof.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiments 26 to 53, wherein the at least one white pigment is present in an amount in the range from > 1.0 wt.% to ⁇ 10.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiment 54 wherein the at least one white pigment is present in an amount in the range from > 3.0 wt.% to ⁇ 9.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 55, wherein the at least one silicate binder is selected from the group consisting of colloidal silica, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, lithium silicate, and combinations thereof.
  • the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 10.0 wt.% to ⁇ 50.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiment 57 wherein the at least one silicate binder is present in an amount in the range from > 15.0 wt.% to ⁇ 30.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 58, wherein the aqueous coating composition further comprises at least one thickener se lected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyurethane, carboxyme- thyl cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydrophobized urethane, xanthan gum, micro fibril- lated cellulose, and combinations thereof.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiment 59, wherein the at least one thickener is present in an amount in the range from > 0.08 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to embodiment 60 wherein the at least one thickener is present in an amount in the range from > 0.2 wt.% to ⁇ 0.6 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 61, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one filler is in the range from 1:1600 to 1:1.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 62, wherein the weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one dispersant is in the range from 1:40 to 100:1.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 63, wherein weight ratio of the at least one ionic liquid to the at least one silicate binder is in the range from 1:1000 to 1:2.
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 64, wherein the aqueous coating composition further comprises at least one anti-foaming agent selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, silicone oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, rice bran oil, olive oil, and combinations thereof and the at least one anti foaming agent is present in an amount in the range from > 0.08 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating com position.
  • at least one anti-foaming agent selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, silicone oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, rice bran oil, olive oil, and combinations thereof and the at least one anti foaming agent is present in an amount in the range from > 0.08 wt.% to ⁇ 1.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 65, wherein the aqueous coating composition further comprises at least one organic binder selected from the group consisting of styrene acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate, vinyl propionate, and combina tions thereof and the at least one organic binder is present in an amount in the range from > 2.0 wt.% to ⁇ 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating com position.
  • at least one organic binder selected from the group consisting of styrene acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate, vinyl propionate, and combina tions thereof and the at least one organic binder is present in an amount in the range
  • aqueous coating composition according to any of the embodiments 26 to 66, wherein the aqueous coating composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of viscosity regulator, hydrophobing agent, and combinations thereof.
  • Betolin ® Q44 dimethyltetraethanol-hexamethylenediammonium chloride 20% aq
  • Quadrol ® L tetrakis-[N-(2-hydroxy-propyl)]-ethylenediamine
  • Basionic ® FS01 - methyltriethanolammonium methosulfates >97%
  • Viscosity The viscosity was determined by analogy to DIN 53019-1:2008-09, using a Thermo- Plaake ® RotoVisco ® 1 rotational rheometer equipment under the CR mode at 22° C at rota tional speed of 180 U/min equivalent to INcm shear rate (setting 1); and rotational speed of 0.5Ncm (setting 4).
  • Example 1 Preparation of the aqueous coating composition and its testing
  • compositions were produced by mixing in the order mentioned hereinbelow to obtain 1 kg samples.
  • the mixing was carried out in PE beakers by means of a laboratory disperser at 1000 rpm at room temperature. After addition was complete, the mixture was stirred for an other 10 minutes to ensure homogenization.
  • a well stabilized silicate coating or paint composition would show a typical increase of vis cosity from initial reading - 20 - 40 (Stormer Krebs Units) (eq. to about 2000 mPa*s) to about 50-60 (eq. to about 6000 mPa*s) after a few days, that would stay constant at that level over the remaining test period indicating in-can stability of the composition.
  • any interference of silicate binders with other ingredients would lead to gelling of soluble silicate resulting in an unrestricted increase of viscosity.
  • Coating compositions of such high viscosity could not be applied by paint brush or roller any more (i.e., viscosity > 150 SKT). In fact, compositions with readings > 120 SKT would already mean cumbersome work in applying by roller to a wall to be painted.
  • Example 1A Paint composition A (for exterior use)
  • a stabilizer is considered acceptable if the aqueous coating composition has a vis cosity in the most preferred range of 30 to 80 SKT, after 3 weeks of measurement.
  • the Table 1 above identifies the viscosity of silicate-based exterior paint stabilized with a number of stabilizers.
  • the compatibility of stabilizers along with mentioned ingredients plays a crucial role in establishing a stable coating composition.
  • ethylenedia- mine-based stabilizers such as tetrahydroxypropylethylenediamine (QDL) was found to lead to an abnormal increase in viscosity (> 150 within 3 days), thus indicating its incompatibility with the other ingredients present in the composition.
  • QDL tetrahydroxypropylethylenediamine
  • CQT N,N,N',N'-tetramethylhexamethylenediammonium hydroxide
  • ionic liquids as stabilizer leads to achieving aqueous coating compositions that attain stability within 4 weeks.
  • imidazolinium-type, ammonium-type and phosphonium-type ionic liquids (LQ01, FS01 and Cyp 169) were found to be effective in stabilizing viscosity with minimal increase in viscosity, in spite varying shear rates, such that the compositions had a viscosity in the range of 30 to 80 SKT, after 3 weeks of measurement.
  • Example IB Paint composition B (for interior use)
  • Dispersant 5 Dispex AA4040 Silicate stabilizer(s) 10
  • Potassium silicate binder 140 Trasol KW-N Silica sol binder 100 Levasil 200
  • the Table 2 above identifies the viscosity of silicate-based interior paint stabilized with a number of stabilizers.
  • ethylenediamine-based stabilizers such as LOP 827 was found to lead to a high viscosity (120 after 7 days).
  • N,N,N',N'- tetraalkyl-alkylenediammonium hydroxide (Lop ST and Disp SPS) was considered as standard for comparison.
  • ionic liquids as stabilizer leads to achieving aqueous coating compositions that attain stability within 4 weeks.
  • imidazolinium-type, ammonium-type and phospho- nium-type ionic liquids (BC01, FS01, EMIM and Alb AD) were found to be effective in stabi lizing viscosity, such that the compositions had a viscosity in the range of 30 to 80 SKT, after 3 weeks of measurement.
  • EMIM was found to show high viscosity at higher shear rate, but at low shear rates the viscosity was found to be within required limits.
  • Example 1C Paint composition C (for interior use)
  • Residual water 37-47 The viscosity was measured as mentioned above and the results are presented below.
  • the Table 3 above identifies the viscosity of silicate-based interior paint stabilized with a number of stabilizers. As may be seen, the composition without stabilizer is noted to yield abnormally high viscosity. Addition ally, high viscosity was also found for the aqueous coating having ethylenediamine-based stabilizers such as LOP 827 and BQ40. On the other hand, N,N,N',N'- tetraalkyl-alkylenedi- ammonium hydroxide (CQT) was considered as standard for comparison.
  • CQT N,N,N',N'- tetraalkyl-alkylenedi- ammonium hydroxide
  • ionic liquids as stabilizer leads to achieving aqueous coat ing compositions that attain stability within 4 weeks.
  • imidazolinium-type, ammonium- type and phosphonium-type ionic liquids (FS01, BC01 and Cyp 169) were found to be effective in stabilizing viscosity in spite varying shear rates, such that the compositions had a viscosity in the range of 30 to 80 SKT, after 3 weeks of measurement.
  • the variation in viscosity on 28 th day versus the viscosity measured at 0 day was also found to be remarkably minimal.
  • the compatibility of stabilizer with ingredients is critical. Incompatibility with the dispersant may result in unwanted high viscosity, rendering the composition ineffec tive.
  • the ionic liquid (FS01) indicated an ability to stabilize viscosity of the composition, such that the viscosity of the composition was in the range of 30 to 80 SKT, after 3 weeks of measurement.
  • the stabilization was found to be comparable to the tetralkylammonium hydroxide standard (CQT).
  • the ionic liquid of the presently claimed invention have the additional benefit of being usable in pure undiluted form, therefore minor increase in amounts may be sufficient in effecting desired viscosity changes in the composition.
  • concentration of ionic liquid i.e. from 1.5g to 3g in 250g sample; FS01 dbl
  • FS01 dbl concentration of ionic liquid
  • Example 3A- composition comprising kaolin
  • the measured viscosity of said compositions indicated surprising compatibility of ionic liquid (ammonium-type; FS01), wherein the viscosity of the composition was in the range of 30 to 80 SKT, after 3 weeks of measurement.
  • Example 3B- composition comprising kaolin
  • Calcite marble flower (Calplex) are quite inert and are suitable as fillers for silicate paints.
  • the compatibility of stabilizers was tested for aqueous coating compositions compris ing calcite fillers (refer Table 8 below).
  • the measured viscosity of said compositions indicated surprising compatibility of ionic liquid (ammonium-type; FS01), wherein the viscosity of the composition was in the range of 30 to 80 SKT, after 3 weeks of measurement.
  • Tetraalkylammonium hydroxide was considered as standard (Cycloquart, Dis- persogen SPS and Lopon ST).
  • Ionic liquid (FS01) was found to be similar to the standard bis-quaternary ammonium hydrox ide solutions at same amount of dosage in formula. Furthermore, as noted above, by increas ing the concentration of ionic liquid, the viscosity levels could be reduced. Since ionic liquids can be added to compositions in pure undiluted form, even low concentrations may be enough to effect a required change in viscosity. Herein, an addition of 3g ionic liquid, i.e. FS01 dbl (per 250g composition) was found yield a composition, wherein the viscosity showed a minor increase from about 38 SKT (at day 0) to 57 SKT (at day 28).
  • ionic liquids perform admirably in comparison to the standard tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide stabilizers and are able to stabilize the viscosity of composition, such that the viscosity is in the range of 30 to 80 SKT, after 3 weeks of measurement.
  • the ionic liquids of the presently claimed invention are non-hazard- ous and also possess the ability to be processed in pure undiluted form, thus enhancing their industrial applicability.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation de liquides ioniques pour stabiliser la viscosité d'une composition de revêtement aqueuse à base de silicate et un procédé pour stabiliser la composition de cette dernière. La présente invention concerne également une composition aqueuse comprenant des liquides ioniques.
EP20829578.2A 2019-12-17 2020-12-16 Liquide ionique pour stabiliser la viscosité de revêtements à base de silicate Pending EP4077546A1 (fr)

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DE19925412A1 (de) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-07 Murjahn Amphibolin Werke Silikatgebundene Materialien wie Beschichtungs-, Form-, Klebe- und Spachtelmaterial, Bindemittel und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE10001831A1 (de) * 2000-01-18 2001-08-16 Keimfarben Gmbh & Co Kg Silikatische Beschichtungsmasse mit verbesserter Stabilität
DE10260540B3 (de) 2002-12-21 2004-07-29 Bk Giulini Chemie Gmbh & Co. Ohg Verwendung tertiärer Amine als Stabilisatoren für Wasserglassysteme
JP4508794B2 (ja) * 2004-09-14 2010-07-21 信越化学工業株式会社 防汚性縮合硬化型オルガノポリシロキサン組成物及び水中構造物
DE102006045853A1 (de) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Cognis Ip Management Gmbh Zusammensetzungen zur Viskositätsstabilisierung von Silikatbinder-haltigen Formulierungen
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