EP4048582A1 - Underwater window, with the surface thereof oriented towards the inside of its assembly structure having facets - Google Patents

Underwater window, with the surface thereof oriented towards the inside of its assembly structure having facets

Info

Publication number
EP4048582A1
EP4048582A1 EP20789636.6A EP20789636A EP4048582A1 EP 4048582 A1 EP4048582 A1 EP 4048582A1 EP 20789636 A EP20789636 A EP 20789636A EP 4048582 A1 EP4048582 A1 EP 4048582A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
window
face
oriented towards
porthole
glazing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20789636.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Benoît MAYEUX
Thomas TONDU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4048582A1 publication Critical patent/EP4048582A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B19/00—Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/48—Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/49—Floating structures with underwater viewing devices, e.g. with windows ; Arrangements on floating structures of underwater viewing devices, e.g. on boats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/42—Alternating layers, e.g. ABAB(C), AABBAABB(C)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2551/00—Optical elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B17/0018—Arrangements or devices specially adapted for facilitating access to underwater elements, e.g. to propellers ; Externally attached cofferdams or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B19/00—Arrangements or adaptations of ports, doors, windows, port-holes, or other openings or covers
    • B63B2019/0007—Ship's windows
    • B63B2019/0038—Ship's windows, other than bull's eyes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of portholes for ships, submarines or any aquatic equipment such as an oil platform having an outer face submerged and an inner face to the air having a field of vision allowing the observation of elements. close to the structure (ship hull, wall of submerged equipment).
  • this invention applies to the observation of the propellers of a ship, below the water level, and of the hydraulic flows near the propellers, from inside the structure.
  • the windows are flat panes with parallel faces, laminated or not, made of mineral glass and / or of polymer material.
  • the minimum viewing angle that can be achieved is limited to 49 ° around the normal to the glazing.
  • the accessible solid angle is then only 2.14 sr, ie 34% of the solid angle usually accessible through glazing. We cannot therefore look directly at the hull, wall ... To observe, for example, the hydraulic flows from upstream to downstream of a propeller, it is necessary to multiply the portholes with different positions.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a window of an immersed structure to see, from the inside of the structure in the air, outside the structure in the water, at the edge of the structure, so as to considerably reduce the constraints of positioning the window over the entire surface of the structure, and to reduce the number of windows itself, when it is desired to observe in different directions.
  • This objective is achieved by the invention which, consequently, relates to a submerged structure window, to see, from the inside of the structure to the air, to the outside of the structure in the water, to the side of the structure, characterized in that the face of the window oriented towards the inside of the structure comprises at least one planar section forming an angle of 20 to 40 ° with respect to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure .
  • submerged structure denote here both an at least partially static underwater structure such as an oil platform, wind turbine, and such a mobile structure such as a ship or a submarine.
  • this outer face of the window just like each of said flat sections can, independently of one another, be more or less curved.
  • the particular angle of each of the facets defining the invention is considered with respect to the section of the outer surface of the window which is opposite this facet, and whether one or the other, or both of this facet and of this section of the outer surface of the window is (are) curved, a mean rectilinear plane or direction is defined corresponding to the curved surface (s), to the arc of a circle or to the arcs of a circle considered, to determine the angle of the planar section with respect to the exterior face of the window.
  • the angles of the various interior flat sections relative to the exterior face of the window are different from each other.
  • Geometric optics allow these angles to be defined as a function of the position of the window and of the area to be observed.
  • a camera can be positioned inside the boat, facing each of the facets to observe a specific part of the external environment of the structure: hull or other wall, propeller, etc.
  • the number and inclination of the facets are therefore of course variable and selected on a case-by-case basis.
  • said angle is at least equal to 25 on the one hand, at most equal to 35, preferably 30 ° on the other hand.
  • the face of the window oriented towards the interior of the structure comprises at least one planar section parallel to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure.
  • the window of the invention comprises several said plane sections defining planes whose intersections two by two are straight lines substantially parallel to the face of the window facing outward, and parallel to each other.
  • the window of the invention comprises several said flat sections forming an angle of 20 to 40 ° with respect to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure, and conforming to a polyhedron.
  • the face of the window oriented towards the inside of the structure may comprise a planar section parallel to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure and forming a truncated face of said polyhedron.
  • the window comprises a monolithic glazing consisting of a single transparent sheet of mineral glass such as soda-lime, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, etc., optionally thermally toughened or chemically reinforced, or of a polymer material such as poly (methyl methacrylate) ( PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU), ionomer resin ... and / or a laminated glazing consisting of several such transparent sheets of mineral glass or of polymer material glued two by two by an intermediate adhesive layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) ), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ...
  • a monolithic glazing consisting of a single transparent sheet of mineral glass such as soda-lime, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, etc., optionally thermally toughened or chemically reinforced, or of a polymer material such as poly (methyl methacrylate) ( PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU
  • At least one of said flat sections is mounted with the face of the window facing outwards from the double-glazed structure with a layer of air or rare gas, for example such as krypton, argon, xenon, in triple glazing. with two blades of air or rare gas for example, or in multiple glazing with three blades of air or rare gas for example, at least.
  • the double glazing, respectively the triple glazing, respectively the multiple glazing consists of two, respectively three, respectively at least four monolithic glazing in mineral glass or in polymer material, or laminated consisting of several transparent sheets in mineral glass or in polymer material glued two by two by an intermediate adhesive layer as explained above.
  • Two neighboring monolithic or laminated glazing units in the structure of the double, triple or multiple glazing are mounted with a spacing defining an air or rare gas layer, for example.
  • each of these air or gas blades can be delimited by two main surfaces, which may or may not be parallel.
  • At least one of said flat sections can delimit a monolithic glazing and / or at least one of said flat sections can delimit a laminated glazing and / or at least one of said flat sections can delimit a multiple glazing (including double or triple).
  • these three glazing structures can coexist in a window of the invention.
  • the porthole is mounted in a frame consisting of a fixed frame with (such as welded to) the mounting structure of the porthole, a recap and screws, the seal between the porthole and the frame being obtained by through a dry or extruded seal.
  • Another subject of the invention is the application of a window as described above to a ship or a submarine, in particular as a propeller window, or to any structure or submerged equipment such as this. such as an oil rig, wind turbine, etc.
  • observation underwater flush with the porthole assembly structure, from inside it, is carried out under the best conditions.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial view of a window of the state of the art, showing its connection to the hull of a boat;
  • FIG. 2 is a complete view of the same window showing the optical path of a view from inside the boat to the water outside of it, through the window;
  • FIG. 3 shows three portholes identical to that of Figures 1 and 2, distributed over the hull of the boat so as to be able to observe the hydraulic flows from upstream to downstream of the propeller;
  • FIG. 4 is a complete view of a porthole according to the invention, in the mounted position on the hull of a boat, showing the optical path of a view from the inside of the boat towards the water outside. the latter, through a flat section or facet of the window;
  • FIG. 5 is a view identical to FIG. 4, showing the optical path of a view through each of the three facets of the window;
  • FIG. 6 is a distant view including that of Figures 4 and 5 as well as the propeller of the boat;
  • FIG. 7 is a complete view of a porthole according to the invention in the mounting position on the hull of a boat, porthole consisting of laminated glazing.
  • a window 4 consists of a planar window with parallel faces, monolithic in mineral glass or polymer material, or laminated.
  • a frame for mounting the porthole 4 comprises a frame 2 welded to the hull 1 of the boat, a snap 5 and a screw 6, which allow the glazing to be mounted by pinching.
  • the seal between the glazing 4 and the frame is ensured by a dry or extruded seal 3.
  • the optical path successively passes through the air inside the boat of refractive index 1, the glass of the porthole 4 (monolithic glazing made of soda-lime float mineral glass) of refractive index 1.5 and the water of refractive index 1.3.
  • the non-visible zone 7 is relatively large.
  • a porthole 4 according to the invention is assumed, for simplicity, to be monolithic in mineral glass, that is to say integral and in one piece, integrally obtained, obtained by any process. adapted: size, polishing ...
  • the porthole 4 comprises three facets defining a different angle from each other with respect to the flat face of the porthole 4 oriented towards the water on the outside of the boat.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 it appears how the implementation of the three facets on the inner face of the window 4 makes it possible to observe the propeller and the hydraulic flows on either side of it, from the window unique according to the invention.
  • a window 4 consists of three sheets 4 of mineral glass or polymer material such as PMMA bonded two by two by an intermediate adhesive layer 8 of PVB or TPU.
  • the intermediate sheet 4 is bevelled so as to constitute the upper facet, while the other two facets are obtained by complex shaping of the sheet 4 shown on the right in the figure.
  • one or more inclined face (s) (flat section (s), facet (s)) of the porthole 4 can be mounted in glazing multiple with one or more air or gas layer (s), with the vertical exterior face of the window 4.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 relating to the window of the invention represent an angle variation of said flat sections in two dimensions, that is to say illustrate the first main variant of the window of the invention, in which it comprises several said planar sections defining planes whose intersections two by two are straight lines substantially parallel to the face of the window facing outward, and mutually parallel.
  • the plane sections of the window in these figures can be designated from top to bottom by an angle with a positive sign, with respect to the face of the window facing outwards, or from top to bottom + 40 °, + 30 ° , + 20 ° for example, the figures do not necessarily represent these angles exactly.
  • a window having a single facet with an angle of + 25 ° provides, for a view from the inside in the air to the outside in the water, a solid angle of 2.46 sr, representing 39% of the angle maximum solid of 2P sr.
  • the solid angle of a window with parallel faces is 2.14 sr, or 34%.
  • an equivalent view could be obtained by eliminating the top and bottom window, and using above the middle window, a + 25 ° faceted window, without the constraints of positioning of the latter are very high.
  • This single-sided + 25 ° window allows the use of two windows instead of three.
  • a two-sided window of + 25 ° and 0 ° from top to bottom provides a solid angle of 3.25 sr, or 52%.
  • a three-sided window of + 25 °, 0 ° and -25 ° up and down provides a solid angle of 4.35 sr, or 69%.
  • the window of the invention comprises several said flat sections forming an angle of 20 to 40 ° with respect to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure, and conforming to a polyhedron.
  • the angle variations of said flat sections are here in three dimensions.
  • a tetrahedron of three facets at 25 ° and a base in an isosceles triangle parallel to the face of the window oriented towards the exterior of the structure provides a solid angle of 5.33 sr, or 85%.
  • the same values are obtained by truncating this tetrahedron, by adding a facet at 0 °.
  • a square-based pyramid (half-octahedron) of four facets at 25 ° and a square base parallel to the face of the porthole facing the exterior of the structure, provides a solid angle of 5.89 sr, or 94%. The same values are obtained by truncating this tetrahedron, by adding a facet at 0 °.

Abstract

The invention relates to a window (4) of an immersed structure (1) for viewing, from inside the structure (1) into the air, outside the structure (1) into the water, flush with the structure (1), characterised in that the face of the window (4) oriented towards the inside of the structure (1) comprises at least one flat section forming an angle of 20 to 40° in relation to the face of the window (4) oriented towards the outside of the structure (1).

Description

Description Description
Titre : Hublot subaquatique dont la surface orientée vers l'intérieur de sa structure de montage est à facettes Title: Underwater porthole with a faceted surface facing the inside of its mounting structure
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des hublots de navire, sous-marin ou tout équipement aquatique tel que plate-forme pétrolière ayant une face extérieure immergée et une face intérieure à l'air présentant un champ de vision permettant l'observation d'éléments proches de la structure (coque de navire, paroi de l'équipement immergé). En particulier, cette invention s'applique à l'observation des hélices d'un navire, sous le niveau de l'eau, et des flux hydrauliques à proximité des hélices, depuis l'intérieur de la structure. The invention relates to the field of portholes for ships, submarines or any aquatic equipment such as an oil platform having an outer face submerged and an inner face to the air having a field of vision allowing the observation of elements. close to the structure (ship hull, wall of submerged equipment). In particular, this invention applies to the observation of the propellers of a ship, below the water level, and of the hydraulic flows near the propellers, from inside the structure.
Actuellement, les hublots sont des vitrages plans à faces parallèles, feuilletés ou non, réalisés en verre minéral et/ou en matériau polymère. Currently, the windows are flat panes with parallel faces, laminated or not, made of mineral glass and / or of polymer material.
L'angle de vision minimal que l'on peut atteindre est limité à 49° autour de la normale au vitrage. L'angle solide accessible est alors uniquement de 2,14 sr soit 34 % de l'angle solide habituellement accessible à travers un vitrage. On ne peut donc pas regarder au raz de la coque, paroi... Pour observer par exemple les flux hydrauliques de l'amont à l'aval d'une hélice, il est nécessaire de multiplier les hublots avec différentes positions. The minimum viewing angle that can be achieved is limited to 49 ° around the normal to the glazing. The accessible solid angle is then only 2.14 sr, ie 34% of the solid angle usually accessible through glazing. We cannot therefore look directly at the hull, wall ... To observe, for example, the hydraulic flows from upstream to downstream of a propeller, it is necessary to multiply the portholes with different positions.
L'invention a pour but la mise à disposition d'un hublot de structure immergée pour voir, de l'intérieur de la structure à l'air, à l'extérieur de la structure dans l'eau, au raz de la structure, de manière à diminuer considérablement les contraintes de positionnement du hublot sur toute la surface de la structure, et à diminuer le nombre de hublots lui-même, quand on souhaite observer dans différentes directions. Cet objectif est atteint par l'invention qui, en conséquence, a pour objet un hublot de structure immergée, pour voir, de l'intérieur de la structure à l'air, à l'extérieur de la structure dans l'eau, au raz de la structure, caractérisé en ce que la face du hublot orientée vers l'intérieur de la structure comprend au moins une section plane formant un angle de 20 à 40° par rapport à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure. The object of the invention is to provide a window of an immersed structure to see, from the inside of the structure in the air, outside the structure in the water, at the edge of the structure, so as to considerably reduce the constraints of positioning the window over the entire surface of the structure, and to reduce the number of windows itself, when it is desired to observe in different directions. This objective is achieved by the invention which, consequently, relates to a submerged structure window, to see, from the inside of the structure to the air, to the outside of the structure in the water, to the side of the structure, characterized in that the face of the window oriented towards the inside of the structure comprises at least one planar section forming an angle of 20 to 40 ° with respect to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure .
Les termes « structure immergée » désignent ici aussi bien une structure au moins partiellement subaquatique statique telle que plate-forme pétrolière, éolienne, qu'une telle structure mobile comme un navire, un sous-marin. The terms “submerged structure” denote here both an at least partially static underwater structure such as an oil platform, wind turbine, and such a mobile structure such as a ship or a submarine.
Il doit être noté que cette face extérieure du hublot tout comme chacune desdites sections planes (également appelées « facettes » dans la suite) peuvent, indépendamment les unes des autres, être plus ou moins bombées. L'angle particulier de chacune des facettes définissant l'invention est considéré par rapport à la section de la surface extérieure du hublot qui est en vis-à-vis de cette facette, et si l'une ou l'autre, ou les deux de cette facette et de cette section de surface extérieure du hublot est (sont) bombée (s), on définit un plan ou une direction rectiligne moyen (ne) correspondant à la ou aux surfaces bombée(s), à l'arc de cercle ou aux arcs de cercle considérés, pour déterminer l'angle de la section plane par rapport à la face extérieure du hublot. Selon l'invention, les angles des différentes sections planes intérieures par rapport à la face extérieure du hublot sont différents les uns des autres. It should be noted that this outer face of the window just like each of said flat sections (also called “facets” hereinafter) can, independently of one another, be more or less curved. The particular angle of each of the facets defining the invention is considered with respect to the section of the outer surface of the window which is opposite this facet, and whether one or the other, or both of this facet and of this section of the outer surface of the window is (are) curved, a mean rectilinear plane or direction is defined corresponding to the curved surface (s), to the arc of a circle or to the arcs of a circle considered, to determine the angle of the planar section with respect to the exterior face of the window. According to the invention, the angles of the various interior flat sections relative to the exterior face of the window are different from each other.
L'optique géométrique permet de définir ces angles en fonction de la position du hublot et de la zone à observer. Geometric optics allow these angles to be defined as a function of the position of the window and of the area to be observed.
L'observation se faisant généralement par caméra, une seule, ou bien plusieurs sections planes de tailles réduites (facettes) avec des angles différents est (sont) réalisée(s) pour couvrir une grande zone visuelle avec un nombre réduit de hublots. Une caméra peut par exemple être positionnée à l'intérieur du bateau, face à chacune des facettes pour observer une partie propre de l'environnement extérieur de la structure : coque ou autre paroi, hélice... The observation is generally done by camera, only one, or several flat sections of reduced sizes (facets) with different angles is (are) made to cover a large visual area with a reduced number of windows. For example, a camera can be positioned inside the boat, facing each of the facets to observe a specific part of the external environment of the structure: hull or other wall, propeller, etc.
Le nombre et l'inclinaison des facettes sont donc bien entendu variables et sélectionnés au cas par cas. The number and inclination of the facets are therefore of course variable and selected on a case-by-case basis.
De préférence, ledit angle est au moins égal à 25 d'une part, au plus égal à 35, de préférence 30° d'autre part. Preferably, said angle is at least equal to 25 on the one hand, at most equal to 35, preferably 30 ° on the other hand.
De préférence, la face du hublot orientée vers l'intérieur de la structure comprend au moins une section plane parallèle à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure. Preferably, the face of the window oriented towards the interior of the structure comprises at least one planar section parallel to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure.
Selon une première variante, le hublot de l'invention comprend plusieurs dites sections planes définissant des plans dont les intersections deux à deux sont des droites sensiblement parallèles à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur, et parallèles entre elles. According to a first variant, the window of the invention comprises several said plane sections defining planes whose intersections two by two are straight lines substantially parallel to the face of the window facing outward, and parallel to each other.
Selon une deuxième variante, le hublot de l'invention comprend plusieurs dites sections planes formant un angle de 20 à 40° par rapport à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure, et conformes à un polyèdre. On cite une pyramide à base triangle, triangle isocèle (tétraèdre), ou à base carrée (demi-octaèdre), dont les bases sont parallèles à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure. Dans cette variante, la face du hublot orientée vers l'intérieur de la structure peut comprendre une section plane parallèle à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure et formant une face tronquée dudit polyèdre. De préférence, le hublot comprend un vitrage monolithique constitué d'une unique feuille transparente en verre minéral tel que sodocalcique, aluminosilicate, borosilicate..., éventuellement trempée thermiquement ou renforcée chimiquement, ou en matériau polymère tel que poly (méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyuréthane (PU), résine ionomère... et/ou un vitrage feuilleté constitué de plusieurs telles feuilles transparentes en verre minéral ou en matériau polymère collées deux à deux par une couche adhésive intercalaire en polyvinylbutyral (PVB), polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA)... According to a second variant, the window of the invention comprises several said flat sections forming an angle of 20 to 40 ° with respect to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure, and conforming to a polyhedron. We cite a pyramid with a triangle base, an isosceles triangle (tetrahedron), or a square base (half-octahedron), the bases of which are parallel to the face of the window facing the outside of the structure. In this variant, the face of the window oriented towards the inside of the structure may comprise a planar section parallel to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure and forming a truncated face of said polyhedron. Preferably, the window comprises a monolithic glazing consisting of a single transparent sheet of mineral glass such as soda-lime, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, etc., optionally thermally toughened or chemically reinforced, or of a polymer material such as poly (methyl methacrylate) ( PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU), ionomer resin ... and / or a laminated glazing consisting of several such transparent sheets of mineral glass or of polymer material glued two by two by an intermediate adhesive layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) ), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ...
De préférence, une desdites sections planes au moins est montée avec la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure en double vitrage avec une lame d'air ou de gaz rare par exemple tel que krypton, argon, xénon, en triple vitrage avec deux lames d'air ou de gaz rare par exemple, ou en vitrage multiple avec trois lames d'air ou de gaz rare par exemple, au moins. Le double vitrage, respectivement le triple vitrage, respectivement le vitrage multiple, est constitué de deux, respectivement trois, respectivement au moins quatre vitrages monolithiques en verre minéral ou en matériau polymère, ou feuilletés constitués de plusieurs feuilles transparentes en verre minéral ou en matériau polymère collées deux à deux par une couche adhésive intercalaire comme expliqué précédemment. Deux vitrages monolithiques ou feuilletés voisins dans la structure du vitrage double, triple ou multiple, sont montés avec un écartement définissant une lame d'air ou de gaz rare par exemple. Dans le hublot, chacune de ces lames d'air ou de gaz peut être délimitée par deux surfaces principales parallèles ou pas. Preferably, at least one of said flat sections is mounted with the face of the window facing outwards from the double-glazed structure with a layer of air or rare gas, for example such as krypton, argon, xenon, in triple glazing. with two blades of air or rare gas for example, or in multiple glazing with three blades of air or rare gas for example, at least. The double glazing, respectively the triple glazing, respectively the multiple glazing, consists of two, respectively three, respectively at least four monolithic glazing in mineral glass or in polymer material, or laminated consisting of several transparent sheets in mineral glass or in polymer material glued two by two by an intermediate adhesive layer as explained above. Two neighboring monolithic or laminated glazing units in the structure of the double, triple or multiple glazing are mounted with a spacing defining an air or rare gas layer, for example. In the window, each of these air or gas blades can be delimited by two main surfaces, which may or may not be parallel.
Dans le hublot de l'invention, au moins une desdites sections planes peut délimiter un vitrage monolithique et/ou au moins une desdites sections planes peut délimiter un vitrage feuilleté et/ou au moins une desdites sections planes peut délimiter un vitrage multiple (y compris double ou triple). Autrement dit, ces trois structures de vitrage (monolithique, feuilleté et multiple) peuvent coexister dans un hublot de l'invention. In the window of the invention, at least one of said flat sections can delimit a monolithic glazing and / or at least one of said flat sections can delimit a laminated glazing and / or at least one of said flat sections can delimit a multiple glazing (including double or triple). In other words, these three glazing structures (monolithic, laminated and multiple) can coexist in a window of the invention.
De préférence, le hublot est monté dans un cadre constitué d'un dormant solidaire de (tel que soudé à) la structure de montage du hublot, d'une rapplique et de vis, l'étanchéité entre le hublot et le cadre étant obtenue par l'intermédiaire d'un joint sec ou extrudé. Preferably, the porthole is mounted in a frame consisting of a fixed frame with (such as welded to) the mounting structure of the porthole, a recap and screws, the seal between the porthole and the frame being obtained by through a dry or extruded seal.
L'invention a également pour objet l'application d'un hublot tel que décrit ci-dessus à un navire ou un sous-marin, notamment comme hublot d'hélice, ou à toute structure ou équipement immergé(e) tel(le) que plate-forme pétrolière, éolienne... Dans cette application, l'observation sous l'eau au raz de la structure de montage du hublot, depuis l'intérieur de celle-ci, est réalisée dans les meilleures conditions . Another subject of the invention is the application of a window as described above to a ship or a submarine, in particular as a propeller window, or to any structure or submerged equipment such as this. such as an oil rig, wind turbine, etc. In this application, observation underwater flush with the porthole assembly structure, from inside it, is carried out under the best conditions.
Les dessins annexés illustrent l'invention. Les figures sont des représentations schématiques en coupe de hublots d'hélice comme mentionné précédemment. The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. The figures are schematic cross-sectional representations of propeller windows as mentioned above.
[Fig. 1] est une vue partielle d'un hublot de l'état de la technique, montrant sa liaison à la coque d'un bateau ; [Fig. 1] is a partial view of a window of the state of the art, showing its connection to the hull of a boat;
[Fig. 2] est une vue complète du même hublot montrant le chemin optique d'une vision de l'intérieur du bateau vers l'eau à l'extérieur de celui-ci, à travers le hublot ; [Fig. 2] is a complete view of the same window showing the optical path of a view from inside the boat to the water outside of it, through the window;
[Fig. 3] représente trois hublots identiques à celui des figures 1 et 2, répartis sur la coque du bateau de manière à pouvoir observer les flux hydrauliques de l'amont à l'aval de l'hélice ; [Fig. 4] est une vue complète d'un hublot selon l'invention, en position de montage sur la coque d'un bateau, montrant le chemin optique d'une vision de l'intérieur du bateau vers l'eau à l'extérieur de celui-ci, à travers une section plane ou facette du hublot ; [Fig. 3] shows three portholes identical to that of Figures 1 and 2, distributed over the hull of the boat so as to be able to observe the hydraulic flows from upstream to downstream of the propeller; [Fig. 4] is a complete view of a porthole according to the invention, in the mounted position on the hull of a boat, showing the optical path of a view from the inside of the boat towards the water outside. the latter, through a flat section or facet of the window;
[Fig. 5] est une vue identique à la figure 4, montrant le chemin optique d'une vision à travers chacune des trois facettes du hublot ; [Fig. 5] is a view identical to FIG. 4, showing the optical path of a view through each of the three facets of the window;
[Fig. 6] est une vue éloignée englobant celle des figures 4 et 5 ainsi que l'hélice du bateau ; et [Fig. 6] is a distant view including that of Figures 4 and 5 as well as the propeller of the boat; and
[Fig. 7] est une vue complète d'un hublot selon l'invention en position de montage sur la coque d'un bateau, hublot constitué d'un vitrage feuilleté. [Fig. 7] is a complete view of a porthole according to the invention in the mounting position on the hull of a boat, porthole consisting of laminated glazing.
En référence à la Figure 1, un hublot 4 est constitué d'un vitrage plan à faces parallèles, monolithique en verre minéral ou matériau polymère, ou bien feuilleté. Referring to Figure 1, a window 4 consists of a planar window with parallel faces, monolithic in mineral glass or polymer material, or laminated.
Un cadre de montage du hublot 4 comprend un dormant 2 soudé à la coque 1 du bateau, une rapplique 5 et une vis 6, qui permettent de monter le vitrage par pincement. L'étanchéité entre le vitrage 4 et le cadre est assurée par un joint sec ou extrudé 3. A frame for mounting the porthole 4 comprises a frame 2 welded to the hull 1 of the boat, a snap 5 and a screw 6, which allow the glazing to be mounted by pinching. The seal between the glazing 4 and the frame is ensured by a dry or extruded seal 3.
En référence à la figure 2, le chemin optique traverse successivement l'air intérieur du bateau d'indice de réfraction 1, le verre du hublot 4 (vitrage monolithique en verre minéral flotté sodocalcique) d'indice de réfraction 1,5 et l'eau d'indice de réfraction 1,3. La zone non visible 7 est relativement importante. With reference to FIG. 2, the optical path successively passes through the air inside the boat of refractive index 1, the glass of the porthole 4 (monolithic glazing made of soda-lime float mineral glass) of refractive index 1.5 and the water of refractive index 1.3. The non-visible zone 7 is relatively large.
Pour pouvoir observer les flux hydrauliques de l'amont à l'aval de l'hélice, il est donc nécessaire de répartir trois hublots selon l'état de la technique sur la coque du bateau, comme représenté à la figure 3. Les zones non visibles de chacun des trois hublots sont représentées hachurées. Les hublots de haut en bas permettent d'observer les flux hydrauliques après l'hélice, l'hélice elle-même et les flux hydrauliques avant l'hélice. In order to be able to observe the hydraulic flows from upstream to downstream of the propeller, it is therefore necessary to distribute three portholes according to the state of the art on the hull of the boat, as shown in FIG. visible from each of the three portholes are shown hatched. The top-to-bottom windows allow viewing of the hydraulic flows after the propeller, the propeller itself, and the hydraulic flows before the propeller.
Sur les figures 4, 5 et 6, un hublot 4 selon l'invention est supposé, pour simplifier, monolithique en verre minéral, c'est-à-dire intègre et d'une seule pièce, venu de matière, obtenu par tout procédé adapté : taille, polissage...Le hublot 4 comprend trois facettes définissant un angle différent les unes des autres par rapport à la face plane du hublot 4 orientée vers l'eau à l'extérieur du bateau. In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, a porthole 4 according to the invention is assumed, for simplicity, to be monolithic in mineral glass, that is to say integral and in one piece, integrally obtained, obtained by any process. adapted: size, polishing ... The porthole 4 comprises three facets defining a different angle from each other with respect to the flat face of the porthole 4 oriented towards the water on the outside of the boat.
Les mêmes indices de réfraction que ceux cités ci-dessus étant mis en œuvre, on voit sur la figure 4 que la zone non visible (représentée hachurée) de vision à travers la facette du haut est beaucoup moins importante que pour les hublots plans à faces parallèles de l'état de la technique. The same refractive indices as those mentioned above being implemented, it can be seen in figure 4 that the non-visible zone (shown hatched) of vision through the top facet is much less important than for flat-sided portholes. parallels of the state of the art.
Sur les figures 5 et 6, il apparaît comment la mise en œuvre des trois facettes sur la face intérieure du hublot 4 permet d'observer l'hélice et les flux hydrauliques de part et d'autre de celle-ci, à partir du hublot unique selon 1'invention . In FIGS. 5 and 6, it appears how the implementation of the three facets on the inner face of the window 4 makes it possible to observe the propeller and the hydraulic flows on either side of it, from the window unique according to the invention.
Sur la figure 7, un hublot 4 est constitué de trois feuilles 4 de verre minéral ou matériau polymère tel que PMMA collées deux à deux par une couche adhésive intercalaire 8 de PVB ou TPU. La feuille 4 intermédiaire est biseautée de sorte à constituer la facette supérieure, tandis que les deux autres facettes sont obtenues par un façonnage complexe de la feuille 4 représentée à droite sur la figure. In FIG. 7, a window 4 consists of three sheets 4 of mineral glass or polymer material such as PMMA bonded two by two by an intermediate adhesive layer 8 of PVB or TPU. The intermediate sheet 4 is bevelled so as to constitute the upper facet, while the other two facets are obtained by complex shaping of the sheet 4 shown on the right in the figure.
Selon une autre variante de l'invention, une ou plusieurs face (s) inclinée (s) (section(s) plane(s), facette (s)) du hublot 4 peu(ven)t être montée(s) en vitrage multiple à une ou plusieurs lame(s) d'air ou de gaz, avec la face extérieure verticale du hublot 4. Pour simplifier, les figures 4 à 7 relatives au hublot de l'invention représentent une variation d'angle desdites sections planes en deux dimensions, c'est-à-dire illustrent la première variante principale du hublot de l'invention, dans laquelle il comprend plusieurs dites sections planes définissant des plans dont les intersections deux à deux sont des droites sensiblement parallèles à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur, et parallèles entre elles. According to another variant of the invention, one or more inclined face (s) (flat section (s), facet (s)) of the porthole 4 can be mounted in glazing multiple with one or more air or gas layer (s), with the vertical exterior face of the window 4. To simplify, FIGS. 4 to 7 relating to the window of the invention represent an angle variation of said flat sections in two dimensions, that is to say illustrate the first main variant of the window of the invention, in which it comprises several said planar sections defining planes whose intersections two by two are straight lines substantially parallel to the face of the window facing outward, and mutually parallel.
Par convention, les sections planes du hublot sur ces figures peuvent être désignées de haut en bas par un angle à signe positif, par rapport à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur, soit de haut en bas +40°, +30°, +20° par exemple, les figures ne représentant pas nécessairement exactement ces angles. By convention, the plane sections of the window in these figures can be designated from top to bottom by an angle with a positive sign, with respect to the face of the window facing outwards, or from top to bottom + 40 °, + 30 ° , + 20 ° for example, the figures do not necessarily represent these angles exactly.
D'autres exemples ci-dessous sont dans le cadre de 1'invention. Other examples below are within the scope of the invention.
Un hublot ayant une unique facette d'angle +25° procure, pour une vision de l'intérieur à l'air vers l'extérieur dans l'eau, un angle solide de 2,46 sr, représentant 39% de l'angle solide maximal de 2P sr. A titre de comparaison, l'angle solide d'un hublot à faces parallèles est de 2,14 sr, soit 34%. Dans le dispositif représenté à la figure 3, une vision équivalente pourrait être obtenue en supprimant le hublot du haut et celui du bas, et en utilisant au-dessus du hublot médian, un hublot à facette de +25°, sans que les contraintes de positionnement de ce dernier soient très élevées. Ce hublot à unique facette de +25° permet ici d'utiliser deux hublots au lieu de trois. A window having a single facet with an angle of + 25 ° provides, for a view from the inside in the air to the outside in the water, a solid angle of 2.46 sr, representing 39% of the angle maximum solid of 2P sr. By way of comparison, the solid angle of a window with parallel faces is 2.14 sr, or 34%. In the device shown in Figure 3, an equivalent view could be obtained by eliminating the top and bottom window, and using above the middle window, a + 25 ° faceted window, without the constraints of positioning of the latter are very high. This single-sided + 25 ° window allows the use of two windows instead of three.
Un hublot à deux facettes de +25° et 0° de haut en bas procure un angle solide de 3,25 sr, soit 52%. A two-sided window of + 25 ° and 0 ° from top to bottom provides a solid angle of 3.25 sr, or 52%.
Un hublot à trois facettes de +25°, 0° et -25° de haut en bas procure un angle solide de 4,35 sr, soit 69%. Selon la deuxième variante principale du hublot de l'invention, il comprend plusieurs dites sections planes formant un angle de 20 à 40° par rapport à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure, et conformes à un polyèdre. Les variations d'angle desdites sections planes sont ici en trois dimensions. A three-sided window of + 25 °, 0 ° and -25 ° up and down provides a solid angle of 4.35 sr, or 69%. According to the second main variant of the window of the invention, it comprises several said flat sections forming an angle of 20 to 40 ° with respect to the face of the window oriented towards the outside of the structure, and conforming to a polyhedron. The angle variations of said flat sections are here in three dimensions.
Un tétraèdre de trois facettes à 25° et une base en triangle isocèle parallèle à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure, procure un angle solide de 5,33 sr, soit 85%. Les mêmes valeurs sont obtenues en tronquant ce tétraèdre, en ajoutant une facette à 0°. A tetrahedron of three facets at 25 ° and a base in an isosceles triangle parallel to the face of the window oriented towards the exterior of the structure, provides a solid angle of 5.33 sr, or 85%. The same values are obtained by truncating this tetrahedron, by adding a facet at 0 °.
Une pyramide à base carrée (demi-octaèdre) de quatre facettes à 25° et une base carrée parallèle à la face du hublot orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure, procure un angle solide de 5,89 sr, soit 94%. Les mêmes valeurs sont obtenues en tronquant ce tétraèdre, en ajoutant une facette à 0°. A square-based pyramid (half-octahedron) of four facets at 25 ° and a square base parallel to the face of the porthole facing the exterior of the structure, provides a solid angle of 5.89 sr, or 94%. The same values are obtained by truncating this tetrahedron, by adding a facet at 0 °.

Claims

Revendications Claims
1. Hublot (4) de structure (1) immergée, pour voir, de l'intérieur de la structure (1) à l'air, à l'extérieur de la structure (1) dans l'eau, au raz de la structure (1), caractérisé en ce que la face du hublot (4) orientée vers l'intérieur de la structure (1) comprend au moins une section plane formant un angle de 20 à 40° par rapport à la face du hublot (4) orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure (1). 1. Window (4) of structure (1) submerged, to see, from the inside of the structure (1) in the air, outside the structure (1) in the water, flush with the structure (1), characterized in that the face of the window (4) oriented towards the interior of the structure (1) comprises at least one planar section forming an angle of 20 to 40 ° with respect to the face of the window (4 ) oriented towards the outside of the structure (1).
2. Hublot (4) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit angle est au moins égal à 25°. 2. A window (4) according to claim 1, characterized in that said angle is at least equal to 25 °.
3. Hublot (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit angle est au plus égal à 35, de préférence 30°. 3. Window (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said angle is at most equal to 35, preferably 30 °.
4. Hublot (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la face du hublot (4) orientée vers l'intérieur de la structure (1) comprend au moins une section plane parallèle à la face du hublot (4) orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure (1). 4. Porthole (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the face of the porthole (4) oriented towards the inside of the structure (1) comprises at least one planar section parallel to the face of the porthole (4). ) oriented towards the outside of the structure (1).
5. Hublot (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend plusieurs dites sections planes définissant des plans dont les intersections deux à deux sont des droites sensiblement parallèles à la face du hublot (4) orientée vers l'extérieur, et parallèles entre elles. 5. Window (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises several said plane sections defining planes whose intersections two by two are straight lines substantially parallel to the face of the window (4) oriented towards the outside, and parallel to each other.
6. Hublot (4) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend plusieurs dites sections planes formant un angle de 20 à 40° par rapport à la face du hublot (4) orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure (1), et conformes à un polyèdre. 6. Porthole (4) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises several said flat sections forming an angle of 20 to 40 ° with respect to the face of the porthole (4) facing outwards. of structure (1), and conforms to a polyhedron.
7. Hublot (4) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la face du hublot (4) orientée vers l'intérieur de la structure (1) comprend une section plane parallèle à la face du hublot (4) orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure (1) et formant une face tronquée dudit polyèdre. 7. Window (4) according to claim 6, characterized in that the face of the window (4) oriented towards the inside of the structure (1) comprises a planar section parallel to the face of the window (4) oriented towards the outside of the structure (1) and forming a truncated face of said polyhedron.
8. Hublot (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un vitrage monolithique constitué d'une unique feuille transparente en verre minéral tel que sodocalcique, aluminosilicate, borosilicate..., éventuellement trempée thermiquement ou renforcée chimiquement, ou en matériau polymère tel que poly (méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyuréthane (PU), résine ionomère... et/ou un vitrage feuilleté constitué de plusieurs telles feuilles transparentes en verre minéral ou en matériau polymère collées deux à deux par une couche adhésive intercalaire en polyvinylbutyral (PVB), polyuréthane thermoplastique (TPU), éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA)... 8. Window (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a monolithic glazing consisting of a single transparent sheet of mineral glass such as soda-lime, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, etc., optionally thermally toughened or reinforced. chemically, or in a polymer material such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU), ionomer resin ... and / or a laminated glazing consisting of several such transparent sheets of mineral glass or of polymer material bonded two by two by an adhesive interlayer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ...
9. Hublot (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une desdites sections planes au moins est montée avec la face du hublot (4) orientée vers l'extérieur de la structure (1) en double vitrage avec une lame d'air ou de gaz rare par exemple tel que krypton, argon, xénon, en triple vitrage avec deux lames d'air ou de gaz rare par exemple, ou en vitrage multiple avec trois lames d'air ou de gaz rare par exemple, au moins. 9. Window (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of said flat sections is mounted with the face of the window (4) facing outward from the structure (1) in double glazing with a blade of air or rare gas for example such as krypton, argon, xenon, in triple glazing with two blades of air or rare gas for example, or in multiple glazing with three blades of air or rare gas by example, at least.
10. Hublot (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est monté dans un cadre constitué d'un dormant (2) solidaire de (tel que soudé à) la structure (1) de montage du hublot (4), d'une rapplique (5) et de vis (6), l'étanchéité entre le hublot (4) et le cadre étant obtenue par l'intermédiaire d'un joint sec ou extrudé (3). 10. Window (4) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is mounted in a frame consisting of a frame (2) integral with (as welded to) the structure (1) for mounting the window (4), a snap (5) and screws (6), the seal between the window (4) and the frame being obtained by means of a dry or extruded seal (3).
11.Application d'un hublot (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes à un navire ou un sous-marin, notamment comme hublot d'hélice, ou à toute structure ou équipement immergé(e) tel(le) que plate-forme pétrolière, éolienne... 11.Application of a porthole (4) according to one of the preceding claims to a ship or a submarine, especially as a propeller window, or to any submerged structure or equipment such as an oil rig, wind turbine, etc.
EP20789636.6A 2019-10-22 2020-10-19 Underwater window, with the surface thereof oriented towards the inside of its assembly structure having facets Pending EP4048582A1 (en)

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FR1911804A FR3102137B1 (en) 2019-10-22 2019-10-22 Underwater porthole whose surface facing the interior of its mounting structure is facetted
PCT/EP2020/079317 WO2021078668A1 (en) 2019-10-22 2020-10-19 Underwater window, with the surface thereof oriented towards the inside of its assembly structure having facets

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