EP4048082A1 - Utilisation de nanoparticules d'amidon chargees en molecules actives pour l'aquaculture - Google Patents
Utilisation de nanoparticules d'amidon chargees en molecules actives pour l'aquacultureInfo
- Publication number
- EP4048082A1 EP4048082A1 EP20790035.8A EP20790035A EP4048082A1 EP 4048082 A1 EP4048082 A1 EP 4048082A1 EP 20790035 A EP20790035 A EP 20790035A EP 4048082 A1 EP4048082 A1 EP 4048082A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- interest
- loaded
- nps
- vitamin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/184—Hormones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/195—Antibiotics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/205—Amine addition salts of organic acids; Inner quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. betaine, carnitine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/65—Tetracyclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7135—Compounds containing heavy metals
- A61K31/714—Cobalamins, e.g. cyanocobalamin, i.e. vitamin B12
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/04—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of starch nanoparticles loaded with active molecules to feed zooplankton for use in aquaculture.
- Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic organisms, such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs, and aquatic plants. It can be practiced in fresh water or salt water under controlled conditions. Aquaculture represents an alternative solution to overfishing and to the disappearance of certain sought-after aquatic organisms due to the growing needs for seafood. In 2008, it provided 76.4% of the freshwater fish consumed in the world, 64.1% molluscs, 46.4% of crustaceans and only 2.6% of seawater fish. Aquaculture also represents a solution to repopulate rivers or ponds whose species have disappeared, in particular because of overexploitation. In 2016, world production from aquaculture (according to FAO) reached 110 million tonnes, exceeding world production from fisheries.
- Aquaculture can also contribute to the proliferation of invasive species that can damage wildlife, such as the Nile perch or species that escape from farms.
- the wastes from aquaculture and produced by fish are organic and composed of nutrients necessary for all components of the aquatic food chain, but their excess inputs to the ocean floor can damage or even eliminate benthic life. They can also decrease dissolved oxygen levels in water and affect wildlife. Aquaculture also requires significant amounts of nutrients for the rearing of aquatic species.
- salmon farming requires a large amount of wild fish used for forage (i.e. feed for farmed fish).
- fish cannot produce the omega-3s or fatty acids that their body needs. They accumulate them either by consuming microalgae (this is the case with herring and sardines), or by consuming prey fish (this is the case with salmon).
- Carnivorous fish such as salmon require high nutritional intake of protein from forage fish. The problem is that to produce 1 kg of farmed salmon, several kilograms of forage fish are needed.
- the need for forage fish grows further. As a result, 75% of the world's fishing has exceeded or is on the way to exceeding its maximum sustainable yield.
- starch nanoparticles loaded or functionalized with at least one active molecule of interest made it possible to increase the size and density of zooplankton more rapidly, and more particularly, in live prey such as rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods, versus uncharged starch nanoparticles and charged or uncharged chitosan or alginate nanoparticles.
- live prey such as rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods
- the inventors have also demonstrated an effect of these charged starch nanoparticles on the spawning rate and the hatching rate of the eggs of these living prey, in particular in copepods.
- the present invention therefore relates to the use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest for nourishing zooplankton.
- the invention relates to the use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest to increase the size and / or density and / or the spawning rate of zooplankton, and / or or the hatching rate of zooplankton eggs.
- the zooplankton is a living prey chosen from rotifers, artemia, and copepods.
- the starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest has an average size of between 10 and 500 nm, between 20 and 450 nm, between 40 and 400 nm, preferably of about 40 , 80, 100, 200, or 400 nm, and even more preferably about 80 nm.
- the proportion by weight of said at least one active molecule of interest is between 0.01% and 10%, between 0.01% and 5%, preferably between 0.1% and 4% , and even more preferably between 1 and 3% relative to the total weight of the starch nanoparticle.
- said at least one active molecule of interest is chosen from vitamins, carotenoids, antibiotics, hormones, minerals, amino acids, peptides, proteins, fatty acids, and theirs. derivatives.
- the active molecule of interest is chosen from vitamin B 12, vitamin C, betaine, selenium, tetracycline, trimethoprim, oxolinic acid, taurine, methionine, glutathione, iodine , estrogen and estradiol.
- compositions comprising at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest as described in the present application and, optionally, a nutritive agent, in in particular a microalgae, to feed zooplankton, preferably a living prey chosen from rotifers, artemia, and copepods.
- a nutritive agent in in particular a microalgae
- the composition is in the form of a powder or a solution.
- the composition comprises a quantity of starch nanoparticles loaded with at least one active molecule of interest between 0.1 and 300 mg / L, between 1 and 200 mg / L, between 10 and 150 mg / L, between 10 and 100 mg / L, preferably between 10 and 80 mg / L, and even more preferably between 20 and 60 mg / L.
- the composition is applied daily.
- An additional object of the invention relates to a composition comprising at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with betaine, at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with vitamin C, and at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with vitamin B 12. Another The object also relates to the use of such a composition for feeding zooplankton, preferably a living prey chosen from rotifers, artemia, and copepods.
- Another additional object of the invention relates to a method for enriching the nutritional value of zooplankton, preferably living prey selected from rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods, comprising the application of at least one charged starch nanoparticle. of at least one active molecule of interest or of a composition as defined in the present application.
- Figure IA Evolution of the size of Artemia according to the type of food.
- Figure IB Evolution of the size of brine shrimps according to the type of food.
- Figure IC Evolution of the size of brine shrimps according to the type of food.
- Figure 2A Daily monitoring of rotifer densities according to the type of food.
- Figure 2B Daily monitoring of rotifer densities according to the type of food.
- Figure 2C Daily monitoring of rotifer densities according to the type of food.
- Figure 3 Daily monitoring of the number of eggs laid by female copepods according to the type of food.
- Figure 4 Hatch rate at one month of eggs laid by female copepods depending on the type of food.
- Figure 5 Daily monitoring of the growth in length and width of the copepods according to the type of food.
- starch nanoparticles loaded or functionalized with at least one active molecule of interest to increase more rapidly the size, density, spawning rate, and hatching rate of zooplankton, and more particularly in living prey such as rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods.
- These starch nanoparticles, loaded with at least one active molecule of interest can thus act as vectors of nutrient products to improve the nutrient profile and the performance of zooplankton in aquaculture.
- these charged starch nanoparticles are stable in salt water (seawater). They are used in relatively small quantities, thus limiting the impact on the environment and the development of bacterial resistance.
- the present invention therefore relates to the use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest for nourishing zooplankton, preferably a living prey selected from rotifers, artemia, and copepods.
- the invention also relates to a method or a method for feeding zooplankton, preferably a living prey selected from rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods, comprising applying at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with least one active molecule of interest on said living prey.
- the invention also relates to a use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest to enrich the nutritional value of zooplankton, preferably a living prey chosen from rotifers, artemia, and copepods.
- the invention also relates to a process or a method for enriching the nutritional value of zooplankton, preferably living prey selected from rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods, comprising applying at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with 'at least one active molecule of interest or of a composition comprising at least one charged starch nanoparticle as described in the present application.
- the invention relates to the use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest to increase the size and / or the density and / or the spawning rate of the zooplankton, preferably live prey selected from rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods, and / or zooplankton egg hatch rate.
- the invention also relates to a method or a method for increasing the size and / or density and / or the spawning rate of zooplankton, preferably live prey selected from rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods, comprising the application at least one starch nanoparticle charged with at least one active molecule of interest or with a composition comprising at least one charged starch particle as described in the present application.
- Starch is a polysaccharide, made up of chains of D-glucose molecules, representing the main source of energy for all living things. Starch is found in the seeds of cereals (corn, wheat), legumes (peas), roots, tubers and rhizomes (potato, sweet potato, cassava), and fruits (banana). Its chemical formula is [C x (H 2 0) y )] n .
- Starch is a mixture of two homopolymers which differ in their branching rate and degree of polymerization: amylose, slightly branched with short branches, consisting of 600 to 1000 units of D-glucose, resulting in a molar mass from 10 4 to 10 6 daltons, and amylopectin, with long branches, comprising from 10,000 to 100,000 molecules of D-glucose, resulting in a molar mass of 10 6 to 10 8 daltons.
- the starch nanoparticles (NPs), loaded with at least one active molecule of interest, used in the invention can be prepared by any technique known to those skilled in the art, and in particular, by the technique of " planetary grinding ”.
- This technique has the advantage of preparing starch NPs loaded with the active molecule of interest in large quantities and is therefore well suited to an industrial scale.
- this technique also makes it possible to prepare NPs of different sizes depending on the grinding cycles used.
- the size of the loaded starch NPs can thus be adapted to the target live prey species. Examples of grinding cycles are illustrated in Table 1 of Example 1 below.
- the starch NPs loaded with at least one active molecule of interest, have an average size of between 10 and 500 nm, between 20 and 450 nm, between 40 and 400 nm, preferably about 40, 80, 100, 200, or 400 nm, and even more preferably about 80 nm.
- the starch NPs are loaded with at least one active molecule of interest.
- charge is meant that the starch NPs comprise at least one active molecule of interest. It is also understood that the starch NPs are functionalized by at least one active molecule of interest.
- at least one active molecule of interest is meant that the starch NPs are necessarily charged. They can therefore comprise a multitude of combinations of different active molecules of interest, the number of which is at least, preferably between 1 and 10, between 1 and 5, and even more preferably between 1 and 3.
- the starch NPs are loaded with one, two, or three different active molecules of interest.
- the amount by weight of active molecule (s) of interest per particle can be adjusted according to the amount of active molecule (s) of interest wishing to be conveyed, given or administered. in the living prey.
- the starch NP will be all the more loaded with the active molecule (s) of interest.
- the starch NP is loaded with at least one active molecule of interest, in which the proportion by weight of the active molecule of interest is between 0.01% and 10%, between 0 , 01% and 5%, preferably between 0.1% and 4%, and even more preferably between 1 and 3% relative to the total weight of the starch nanoparticle.
- the starch NP is loaded with at least one active molecule of interest at 1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the starch NP.
- the starch NP is loaded with at least one active molecule of interest at 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the starch NP.
- active molecule of interest is meant any biologically active molecule that can be used in aquaculture, and more particularly any molecule having an effect on zooplankton, in particular in living prey such as brine shrimps, rotifers, and fish. copepods.
- active molecule of interest there may be mentioned, for example and without limitation, vitamins, carotenoids, antibiotics, hormones, minerals, amino acids, peptides, proteins, fatty acids, and theirs. derivatives.
- Vitamins are organic substances necessary for the metabolism of a living organism. They can also be synthesized in sufficient quantity by the living organism itself. An insufficient or lack of vitamin intake can be the cause of many illnesses. On the contrary, an excessive intake of vitamins can be toxic to the living organism.
- Vitamins are generally separated into two groups: water soluble vitamins and fat soluble vitamins.
- water-soluble vitamins we can mention vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B 2 (riboflavin), vitamin B 3 (nicotinamide, niacin), vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B8 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic acid), vitamin B 12 (or cobalamin), and vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
- vitamin A retinol
- vitamin D calciferol
- vitamin E tocopherol
- vitamin K1 phytoquinone
- vitamin K2 menaquinone
- Antibiotics are natural or synthetic substances that destroy or block the growth of bacteria.
- antibiotics include aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, cyclins, glycopeptides, macrolides, nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles, quinolones, phenicols, polypeptides, and sulfonamides.
- antibiotics penicillin, cephalosporins, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, gentamicin, trimethoprim, oxolinic acid, flumequine, rifampicin, chloramphenicol and florfenicol.
- Hormones are biologically active chemicals synthesized by glandular cells. Hormones send a message in chemical form and thus play a messaging role in the body. Without limitation, there may be mentioned as examples of hormones and derivatives estrogen and estradiol and also thyroid hormones such as thyroxine.
- minerals are, without limitation, iodine, selenium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, sodium, and potassium.
- the term "minerals” also includes inorganic compounds, such as potassium iodide (K1), potassium iodate (KIO3), sodium iodide, and sodium selenite.
- amino acids or amino acid derivatives are, without limitation, methionine, taurine, betaine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, cysteine, glycine, alanine, valine, lysine, histidine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine.
- peptides or peptide derivatives are, without limitation, glutathione, epinicidin, cristine, and bacitracin.
- Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with aliphatic chains. They are important sources of metabolic energy.
- fatty acids are, for example, butyric acid, valeric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid , arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.
- said at least one active molecule of interest is chosen from vitamins, carotenoids, antibiotics, hormones, minerals, amino acids, peptides, proteins, fatty acids, and their derivatives.
- said at least one active molecule of interest is chosen from vitamin B 12, vitamin C, betaine, selenium, tetracycline, trimethoprim, oxolinic acid, taurine, methionine, glutathione, iodine, estrogen and estradiol.
- An object of the invention relates to the use of a composition
- a composition comprising at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest as defined in the present application and, optionally, a nutritive agent, in in particular a microalgae, to feed zooplankton, preferably a living prey chosen from rotifers, artemia, and copepods.
- the composition can thus comprise one or more starch NPs loaded with at least one active molecule of interest.
- the composition comprises a number of at least two starch NPs loaded with at least one active molecule of interest, it can be said that the composition comprises a set of loaded starch NPs.
- the composition comprises a set of starch nanoparticles loaded with an active molecule of interest. According to this mode, the set of starch NPs is loaded with the same active molecule of interest.
- compositions according to this particular embodiment are, for example, a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with vitamin B 12, a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with betaine, a composition comprising a set of NPs starch loaded with vitamin C.
- the composition comprises a set of starch nanoparticles, each loaded with at least two active molecules of interest.
- the set of starch NPs is loaded with at least two different active molecules.
- compositions according to this particular embodiment are, for example, a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with both vitamin B 12 and betaine, a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with both vitamin B 12 and betaine. vitamin C and betaine, and a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with both vitamin B 12, vitamin C, and betaine.
- the composition comprises several sets of nanoparticles as described above.
- the composition comprises between 2 and 10, 2 and 9, 2 and 8, 2 and 7, 2 and 6, 2 and 5, 2 and 4, and even more preferably 2, 3, or 4 sets of charged starch nanoparticles.
- compositions according to this particular embodiment are, for example, a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with vitamin B 12 and a set of starch NPs loaded with betaine; a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with vitamin C and a set of starch NPs loaded with betaine; a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with vitamin B 12, a set of starch NPs loaded with vitamin C, and a set of starch NPs loaded with betaine; a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with both vitamin B 12 and vitamin C and a set of starch NPs loaded with betaine; a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with both betaine and vitamin C and a set of starch NPs loaded with vitamin B 12; and a composition comprising a set of starch NPs loaded with both vitamin B 12 and betaine and a set of starch NPs loaded with vitamin C.
- compositions comprising a set of starch nanoparticles loaded with at least two active molecules of interest as described in the present application, including the particular and preferred embodiments.
- Another object of the invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising at least two sets of starch nanoparticles loaded with at least one active molecule of interest as described in the present application, including the particular and preferred embodiments.
- a preferred composition according to the invention comprises at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with betaine, at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with vitamin C, and at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with vitamin B 12.
- This preferred composition therefore comprises a set of starch nanoparticles loaded with betaine, a set of starch nanoparticles loaded with vitamin C, and a set of starch nanoparticles loaded with vitamin B 12.
- the composition as defined in the present application further comprises a nutritive agent, in particular a microalgae.
- a nutritive agent in particular a microalgae.
- microalgae are T-isochrisis (T-iso) and Rhodomonas (Rhodo).
- the composition is in the form of a powder or a solution.
- the composition is in the form of a solution.
- the composition comprises a quantity of starch nanoparticles loaded with at least one active molecule of interest between 0.1 and 300 mg / L, between 1 and 200 mg / L, between 10 and 150 mg / L, between 10 and 100 mg / L, preferably between 10 and 80 mg / L, and even more preferably between 20 and 60 mg / L.
- the quantity of starch nanoparticles loaded with at least one active molecule of interest is expressed in weight / volume. More specifically, it is expressed in mg / L of water.
- the water is salt water, such as sea water.
- composition according to the invention comprises approximately 30 mg / L of starch NPs loaded with 3% betaine, approximately 5 mg / L of starch NPs loaded with 3% vitamin B 12, and approximately 5 mg. / L of starch NPs loaded with 3% vitamin C.
- composition according to the invention comprises approximately 200 mg / L of starch NPs loaded with 3% betaine, approximately 200 mg / L of starch NPs loaded with 3% vitamin B 12, approximately 200 mg / L of starch NPs loaded with 3% vitamin C, and about 200 mg / L of starch NPs loaded with 3% selenium.
- composition according to the invention comprises approximately 30 mg / L of starch NPs loaded with 1% or 3% betaine, approximately 5 mg / L of starch NPs loaded with 1% vitamin B 12 or 3%, and about 5 mg / L of starch NPs loaded with 1% or 3% vitamin C.
- a preferred object therefore relates to such a preferred composition for feeding zooplankton, preferably a living prey chosen from rotifers, artemia, and copepods.
- the starch NPs loaded with at least one active molecule of interest and the compositions as described in the present application are used to feed zooplankton, and in particular live prey used in aquaculture, such as rotifers, brine shrimps, and copepods.
- Zooplankton Live prey used in aquaculture is also called “zooplankton”.
- Zooplankton includes the animal part of plankton and represents living organisms in the water column in all aquatic environments (fresh water, brackish water and marine water) with limited locomotion capacities. Zooplankton are classified according to the size of the organisms. Mention may in particular be made of the class of microzooplankton ( ⁇ 200 ⁇ m) comprising rotifers, the first larval stages (nauplii) of copepods, protists, ciliates and planktonic foraminifers.
- Zooplankton also includes other classes of large organisms. sizes (macro- and megazooplankton) such as certain crustaceans (krill and mysids) and gelatinous zooplankton including molluscs, cnidarians (eg jellyfish), and ctenophores.
- most of the larval stages of aquatic animals develop in a planktonic form and are part of meroplankton as opposed to holoplankton, which includes all the organisms whose entire life cycle takes place in the water column.
- Artemia (Artemia salina) are crustaceans living in salt lakes or salt marshes (often in Latin America and California). A specific characteristic of brine shrimp is that they swim on their backs. They can live in water at very high salinities (up to around 300g / L). Their adult size is on average 8 to 10 mm but it can reach 15 mm depending on their environment. Their elongated body is divided into 20 segments and has 20 pairs of “legs”, or leaf-shaped appendages that oscillate at a regular rate. When the environment for brine shrimp is not favorable for their development, females can produce dormant eggs (a form of diapause) called cysts. These cysts can be stored for a long time without access to water. They can then be rehydrated to give rise to Artemia nauplii. Nauplii reach adulthood after 2 weeks at a temperature of 25 ° C. Artemia are the most widely used living prey in aquariums and aquaculture.
- a particular aspect of the invention relates to the use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or a composition comprising at least one such starch nanoparticle to feed brine shrimp.
- a preferred aspect of the invention relates to a use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or a composition comprising at least one such starch nanoparticle for increasing the size and / or density. and / or the rate of laying of the brine shrimps, and / or the rate of hatching of the eggs of the said brine shrimps.
- An even more preferred aspect of the invention relates to the use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or a composition comprising at least one such starch nanoparticle to increase the size of brine shrimp.
- Rotifers are metazoan plankton which represent a large part of micro zooplankton (small zooplankton). They inhabit different biotopes ranging from freshwater environments (fresh water) to hyper salty environments (salt lakes, etc.). However, depending on the environment, they are not also represented: very common in fresh and brackish water, they are less abundant at sea.
- the species Brachionus plicatilis is a euryhaline rotifer which belongs to the order of the monogononts whose reproduction is essentially parthenogenetic. Sexual reproduction phases can be triggered by exogenous (temperature, salinity, etc.) and / or endogenous (aging, etc.) stimuli.
- the male of Brachionus, and monogononts in general, is dwarf and has a large testis which occupies most of the body volume.
- these rotifers go through unfavorable periods in the form of eggs of duration (form of diapause) resulting from sexual reproduction: it is a slower state of life.
- the eggs will hatch and the female rotifers will reproduce parthenogenetically to colonize the environment.
- the physicochemical parameters are controlled and regulated in order to promote parthenogenesis. It is a mode of reproduction used by certain metazoan organisms.
- Females will produce eggs with 2n chromosomes which will develop without fertilization by a male gamete.
- Parthenogenesis is equivalent to cloning. Individuals from the same female are all identical females with each other and with their mother. In aquaculture (especially hatchery) and aquariology (the sections dedicated to live prey in aquariums), rotifers are commonly used to feed fish larvae during the early stages of development.
- a particular aspect of the invention relates to the use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or a composition comprising at least one such starch nanoparticle for feeding rotifers.
- a preferred aspect of the invention relates to a use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or a composition comprising at least one such starch nanoparticle for increasing the size and / or density. and / or the rate of laying of the rotifers, and / or the rate of hatching of the eggs of said rotifers.
- An even more preferred aspect of the invention relates to the use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or a composition comprising at least one such starch nanoparticle to increase the density of rotifers.
- copepod comes from two Greek roots: kope which means oar and pados which means foot.
- kope which means oar and pados which means foot.
- copepods There are over 20,000 species of copepods, the majority of which are marine. These small crustaceans represent one of the main components of zooplankton (60%) and play a key role in the food webs of aquatic environments. They are primary and secondary consumers and also serve as food for many invertebrates and fish larvae. Their way of life is very variable depending on the species, they can be planktonic, epi-benthic and benthic or live attached to a host such as a parasite.
- the diet also depends on the species: herbivore, omnivore and carnivore. Reproduction occurs by mating because the gametes are not expelled into the medium.
- Reproduction is daily but it is influenced by external factors such as temperature, quantity of food, salinity or the photoperiod.
- the male places a spermatophore on the urosome of the female. This is kept by the female to fertilize the eggs and incubate in an egg sac or release directly into the medium.
- the fecundity is important and corresponds approximately to between 20 and 40 eggs per day as for example in the species Acartia tonsa. When the environmental conditions become unfavorable, diapause eggs can be noticed. These will wait for a more favorable period to hatch.
- the life cycle is complex because it consists of numerous moults and metamorphoses before reaching the reproductive adult stage. However, despite their complexity, these organisms are endowed with a great capacity for adaptation.
- a particular aspect of the invention relates to the use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or a composition comprising at least one such starch nanoparticle to nourish the copepods.
- a preferred aspect of the invention relates to a use of a starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or a composition comprising at least one such starch nanoparticle to increase the size and / or the rate. egg-laying rate of the copepods, and / or the hatching rate of the eggs of said copepods.
- the starch NPs loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or the compositions comprising such NPs as described in the present application are applied daily (once a day) to the zooplankton, preferably a prey. living selected from rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods.
- An object of the invention is therefore also a daily use of at least one starch nanoparticle loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or with a composition comprising them, to feed zooplankton, preferably living prey. chosen from rotifers, artemia, and copepods.
- Another subject of the invention also relates to the use of a composition comprising a dose of starch nanoparticles as described in the present application of between 0.1 and 300 mg / L / day, between 1 and 200 mg / L / day, between 10 and 150 mg / L / day, between 10 and 100 mg / L / day, preferably between 10 and 80 mg / L / day, and even more preferably between 20 and 60 mg / L / day.
- Another object of the invention also relates to a process or a method for feeding zooplankton, preferably a living prey chosen from rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods, comprising the daily application of at least one nanoparticle of starch loaded with at least one active molecule of interest or with a composition comprising them on said living prey.
- zooplankton preferably a living prey chosen from rotifers, brine shrimp, and copepods
- Another subject of the invention also relates to a process or a method for feeding zooplankton, preferably a living prey chosen from rotifers, brine shrimps, and copepods, comprising the application of a composition comprising a dose of nanoparticles.
- starch as described in the present application between 0.1 and 300 mg / L / day, between 1 and 200 mg / L / day, between 10 and 150 mg / L / day, between 10 and 100 mg / L / day, preferably between 10 and 80 mg / L / day, and even more preferably between 20 and 60 mg / L / day.
- Starch nanoparticles (starch NPs)
- the bowl was placed under a hood and the NPs contained in the bowl were transferred to a closed tube.
- the tubes were then stored in a refrigerator at 4 ° C and in the dark to prevent the molecules of interest from degrading.
- a solution of NPs was prepared by weighing an exact amount of NPs in a tube, using a scale in a hood (the amount to be weighed varies depending on the species or the concentrations to be administered). Sea water was then added to the tube. This inhomogeneous solution was vortexed and sonicated for a few minutes until it became homogeneous. Finally, the solution was poured into a culture beaker containing the live prey, or stored at 4 ° C for a few days, the time of the experiment.
- Example 2 Experimental results on brine shrimp
- the aim of the experiment was to confirm the positive effects of functionalized starch nanoparticles in aquaculture and aquariology, by monitoring the increase in size of Artemia nauplii, a species widely used in the sector.
- Day 2 Separation: The Artemia nauplii were collected using a light beam, and separated in several IL beakers according to the type of food with medium bubbling. 4 handling treatments were carried out with 3 replicas per type of food, making a total of 12 beakers of IL comprising approximately 300 brine shrimp per beaker.
- Day 4 Feeding: From the 4th day, 50 mg of NPs as a homogeneous solution and 10 mL of algae T-iso were added to the beakers of IL sea water every day .
- Starch NPs had an average size of 80 nm, those of alginate about 250 nm, and those of chitosan about 250 nm.
- Example 6 show that brine shrimp fed with starch NPs loaded with both 1% vitamin C and 1% selenium see their size increase more significantly compared to brine shrimp. fed with T-iso algae or with starch NPs alone. In addition, brine shrimp fed with starch NPs alone saw their size increase more significantly compared to brine shrimp fed with alginate NPs. Handling 7:
- Example 7 show that brine shrimp fed with starch NPs loaded with both 1% vitamin C and 1% selenium and with starch NPs loaded with potassium iodide at 1% see their size increase more significantly compared to brine shrimp fed with T-iso algae or with starch NPs alone (fresh or stored). In addition, no difference was observed between fresh starch NPs and starch NPs stored for one month at 4 ° C. Starch NPs can therefore be stored without impacting the growth of Artemia.
- Example 8 show better results on the size of brine shrimp fed with starch NPs loaded with both 1% selenium and 1% betaine.
- Example 9 show better results on the size of brine shrimp fed with starch NPs loaded with DL-methionine or with starch NPs alone.
- Example 10 do not show better effects on the size of brine shrimp fed with starch NPs loaded with hormone or antibiotic.
- Example 11 show better results on the size of brine shrimp fed with starch NPs alone or loaded with an active molecule of interest compared to brine shrimp fed with chitosan NPs alone or loaded. with vitamin C 1%.
- chitosan NPs increase the mortality rate of brine shrimp and cloud the seawater of beakers containing these chitosan NPs.
- the aim of the experiment is to compare the evolution of populations of rotifers, belonging to the species Brachionus plicatilis, according to the addition of different nanoparticles.
- This study was carried out under the following conditions: temperature: 23-25 ° C, salinity: 25 g / L, pH: 7, 9-8, 3, water filtered and sterilized by sodium hypochlorite, aeration by pasteur pipettes, lighting : 16 h / 8 h, ammonia content ⁇ lmg / L, dissolved oxygen> 4 mg / L.
- Rotifers were grown in 30 liter cylindrical tanks.
- the tanks were inoculated with low densities (10-30 individuals per mL) and fed daily to satiety with T-isochrisis and Rhodomonas sp.
- the water in the tanks was completely renewed once a week.
- 24 beakers of rotifer culture IL were placed. These 24 beakers were divided into 6 groups (T-iso algae (control), starch alone, vitamin B 12, betaine, vitamin C and selenium) made up of 4 replicas. Each day, 100 mg of nanoparticles functionalized with 1% of a molecule of interest were introduced.
- Example 12 show that the best density is obtained with the rotifers fed with starch NPs loaded with 1% betaine. This is followed by starch NPs loaded with 1% vitamin B 12, starch NPs loaded with 1% vitamin C, and starch NPs loaded with 1% selenium.
- 24 beakers of rotifer culture IL were placed. These 24 beakers were divided into 8 groups (T-iso algae (control), starch alone, vitamin C and vitamin B 12, selenium and vitamin C, vitamin B 12 and betaine, selenium and vitamin B 12, vitamin C and betaine, selenium and betaine) made up of 3 replicas. Each day, 100 mg of nanoparticles functionalized with 1% of two molecules of interest were introduced.
- Example 13 show that the best density is obtained with the rotifers fed with starch NPs loaded both with betaine at 1% and with vitamin C at 1%. It is also observed that the best results are obtained with starch NPs loaded with at least 1% betaine. 4. Tests of NPs containing two molecules of interest
- the protocol which was used is identical to the protocol described above.
- Example 14 show that the best density is obtained with the rotifers fed daily with starch NPs at a concentration of 300 mg / L loaded with betaine and vitamin C at 3%.
- the protocol that was used is identical to the protocol described above without the molecules of interest.
- the protocol which was used is identical to the protocol described above.
- Example 16 show that the best density is obtained with the rotifers fed with 200 mg / L / day of starch NPs loaded with 3% betaine; 3% vitamin B 12, 3% vitamin C, and 3% selenium.
- the protocol which was used is identical to the protocol described above.
- Example 17 show that the best density is obtained with the rotifers fed with the starch NPs loaded with tetracycline.
- Example 18 show that the best density is obtained with the rotifers fed with the starch NPs loaded with 1% DL-methionine.
- the protocol which was used is identical to the protocol described above.
- Example 19 show no effect for the chitosan NPs which further impair the quality of the water. Starch NPs are therefore more efficient and applicable in the culture of rotifers.
- the aim of the experiment was to compare the egg production of copepods, belonging to the species Acartia tonsa, according to the addition of different nanoparticles.
- eggs were collected and counted to compare spawning rates with and without NPs. For this, the eggs were placed in an 1800 mL beaker and homogenized using strong bubbling. Then 5 mL were taken and counted and this on 3 occasions. The eggs were then stored at 3 ° C in an anoxic environment and in the dark. These eggs were then reused to perform comparative hatching rates. To achieve these hatch rates, a known number of eggs were incubated in 3 replicas in 80 mL beakers fed with Rhodomonas and T-isochrisis. After 48 hours of incubation at 18 ° C, unhatched eggs were counted to obtain the hatch rate.
- a dose of 25 mg / L of NPs was added daily.
- This dose consists of 8.3 mg of starch NPs functionalized with 3% betaine, 8.3 mg of Starch NPs functionalized with 3% vitamin C and 8.3 mg of starch NPs functionalized with 3% vitamin B 12 as well.
- Example 20 show an increase in the daily number of eggs laid per female by 20% on average with the functionalized NPs.
- Example 21 show an increase in the daily number of eggs laid per female of 44% on average with the functionalized NPs.
- composition of 40 mg / L of NPs comprising 30 mg of 1% betaine, 5 mg of 1% vitamin B12, and 5 mg of 1% vitamin C was added daily from D0 to D5. Then, a composition of 40 mg of NPs comprising 30 mg of 3% betaine, 5 mg of 3% vitamin B 12, and 5 mg of 3% vitamin C was added daily on D6.
- Example 22 show an increase in the daily number of eggs laid per female of 10% on average with the NPs functionalized at 1% and of 54% with the NPs functionalized at 3%.
- composition of 80 mg / L of NPs comprising 60 mg / L of 3% betaine, 10 mg / L of 3% vitamin B12, and 10 mg / L of 3% vitamin C was added daily. .
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR1911761A FR3102040B1 (fr) | 2019-10-21 | 2019-10-21 | Utilisation de nanoparticules d’amidon chargees en molecules actives pour l’aquaculture |
| PCT/EP2020/079504 WO2021078743A1 (fr) | 2019-10-21 | 2020-10-20 | Utilisation de nanoparticules d'amidon chargees en molecules actives pour l'aquaculture |
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| US (1) | US20220387324A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4048082A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2022553067A (fr) |
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| NL8203710A (nl) * | 1982-09-24 | 1984-04-16 | Artemia Nv | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het produceren van artemia nakomelingen; verpakking artemia nakomelingen; werkwijze voor het voeden van artemia's; werkwijze voor het bereiden van voer voor larven van vissen of kreeftachtigen; voeding omvattende met een voedingsadditief beklede deeltjes; en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van dierlijk voedsel. |
| US5739006A (en) * | 1992-05-28 | 1998-04-14 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Process of feeding juvenile fish with astaxanthin-containing zooplankton |
| US5698246A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1997-12-16 | Cargill, Incorporated | Foodstuff for and method of feeding crustaceans and fish |
| NL1010926C2 (nl) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-07-03 | Inst Voor Agrotech Onderzoek | Werkwijze voor de bereiding van zetmeeldeeltjes. |
| AU2003239484A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-22 | Advanced Bionutrition Corporation | Zooplankton enrichment with probionts and prebionts and uses thereof |
| NZ539900A (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2008-03-28 | Advanced Bionutrition Corp | Nutraceuticals and method of feeding aquatic animals |
| JP4813770B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2011-11-09 | 雅弘 林 | 動物プランクトン用飼料及びそれを用いた動物プランクトンの培養方法 |
| CN104473161A (zh) * | 2005-07-07 | 2015-04-01 | 帝斯曼营养品股份公司 | 含有输送装置的食物制品及其制造方法 |
| TW200911131A (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2009-03-16 | Blue Limit As | Feed composition for aquatic organisms |
| ES2386177B1 (es) * | 2010-09-21 | 2013-09-23 | Lipotec, S.A. | Nanocapsulas conteniendo microemulsiones |
| ES2712298T3 (es) * | 2014-10-15 | 2019-05-10 | Univ Santiago Compostela | Procedimiento de enriquecimiento de biomasa de microalgas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados |
| SG10201502463TA (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-28 | Nanyang Polytechnic | A drug delivery composition |
| WO2017159461A1 (fr) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 株式会社カネカ | Composition alimentaire, procédé de fabrication de zooplancton, zooplancton, et promoteur de croissance de zooplancton et amplificateur de taux de survie |
| CN106387503A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 广东越群海洋生物研究开发有限公司 | 一种大菱鲆苗种开口饲料的制备方法 |
| CN107183359A (zh) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-22 | 句容市北山水库管理所 | 一种刀鲚幼鱼饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
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| US20220387324A1 (en) | 2022-12-08 |
| WO2021078743A1 (fr) | 2021-04-29 |
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