EP4047157A1 - Method and device for producing a ceiling formwork - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing ceiling formwork (1) for the construction of reinforced concrete ceilings, a large number of main beams (6) being arranged at lateral distances from one another on a support device (2,4) supported on a floor (8) and subsequently, a plurality of crossbeams (7) is arranged on the main beams (6) at lateral distances from one another and transversely to the main beams (6) and then a formwork skin (9) is arranged on the crossbeams (7), whereby before the arrangement of the Formlining (9) on the crossbeams (7) and the crossbeams (7) on the main beams (6) the crossbeams (7) and at least one suspension device (10) at a pre-assembly location remote from the main beams (6) arranged on the support device to at least one self-supporting unit (11), the crossbeams (7) and the hanging device (10) of the or each unit (11) having at least one gripping device attached to the hanging device (10). g (18) are releasably clamped together, the crossbeams (7) of the or each unit (11) being in the same position relative to one another as they will be when placed on the truss beams (6), and the or each unit (11) is placed from above onto the truss beams (6) by means of a hoist that is detachably connected to the hanger (10), after which the hanger (10) is detached from the crossbeams (7) and lowered by means of the hoist is moved away from above.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a ceiling formwork for the construction of reinforced concrete ceilings, with a large number of main girders being arranged at lateral distances from one another on a support device which is supported on a floor, and a large number of transverse girders being arranged at lateral distances from one another and transversely to the main girders on the main girders is arranged and a formwork skin is arranged on the crossbeams.

The invention also relates to a device for producing ceiling formwork for the construction of reinforced concrete ceilings, the ceiling formwork having a multiplicity of laterally spaced main beams which are arranged on a support device which is supported on a floor, a multiplicity of laterally spaced cross beams which are transverse to the main beams are arranged running on the main beams, and has a formwork skin arranged on the cross beams.

When producing such a ceiling formwork, it is customary to place the crossbeams, also referred to in practice as decking beams, individually from below onto the main beams, which are already in their final position, usually at a lateral distance of 50 cm. The mostly from individual formwork panels The existing formlining is then placed from above on the crossbeams lying on the main beams. In the case of low ceiling heights, the main girders are supported by individual supports that are distributed in the room to be sealed off at the top with a reinforced concrete ceiling and stand upright on the floor, so that it is still relatively easy for the formworkers to move the cross girders up individually from the ground below the main girders to be raised beyond the main girders and placed and aligned on the main girders. In the case of greater ceiling heights, tower-like shoring is often used to support the main girders, which, due to the greater space required by the shoring compared to individual supports and the greater ceiling height, makes it more difficult for the formworkers to lift the crossbeams from underneath the main girders and place the crossbeams on the main girders is also associated with a greater risk of accidents than when constructing slab formwork for lower slab heights. Since the formlining is also applied from above to the crossbeams in their final position when slab formwork is being built for larger slab heights, and since the crossbeams are usually at a lateral distance of 50 cm, as is the case with slab formwork for low slab heights, there is a risk with such spaced crossbeams that Persons employed with the application of the formlining to the crossbeams can slip between the crossbeams not yet covered with formwork panels and fall down.

The object of the invention is to design the method for producing a ceiling formwork of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be carried out with less expenditure of time and less manual effort and with a lower risk of accidents for the people involved in the construction, and also one to achieve this and other goals and advantages of the method to specify a suitable device for the production of such a ceiling formwork, the device also being simple in construction, inexpensive to manufacture and reliable in use in rough construction site operation.

With regard to the method, the object of the invention is achieved in that before the formlining is arranged on the crossbeams and the crossbeams on the main beams, the crossbeams and at least one suspension device are assembled into at least one self-supporting unit at a pre-assembly location remote from the main beams arranged on the support device, the cross members and hanger of the or each unit being releasably connected together, the cross members of the or each unit having the same position relative to each other as they will have when placed on the main beams, and the or each unit by means of a hoist , which is detachably connected to the hanger, is placed from above on the main beams, after which the hanger is detached from the crossbeams and moved upwards away by means of the hoist.

With regard to the device, the object of the invention is achieved in that it has a suspension device that can be detachably coupled to a hoist, which has a carrying device that can be brought into contact with several laterally spaced crossbeams at the same time, an actuating device that can be pivoted in two opposite directions relative to the carrying device , A gripping device having a plurality of rotatably connected to the support device and the actuating device gripper by pivoting the actuating device in the one direction into a locking position, in which they act on the crossbeams that are in contact with the carrying device and hold them firmly on the carrying device, and by pivoting the actuating device in the other direction into a release position, in which they disengage from the are in contact with the support device and cross members are in contact with the support device and enable the support device and the cross members in contact with the support device to detach from one another, and has a safety device which has at least one safety lever rotatably connected to the actuating device and which can be rotated in a direction in a locked position and in the opposite direction to a released position, the at least one safety lever being in engagement with the support device in the locked position and preventing the actuating device from pivoting into its locked position, and disengaged in the released position f with the support device and allows a pivoting movement of the actuating device in its locked position.

Preferably the method is further such that before the hanger is releasably connected to the crossbeams of the or each unit, the crossbeams are brought at the pre-assembly site on a level staging area into the same position relative to one another as they will be when on the main beams are arranged, and that the suspension device is set down on the crossbeams brought into this position by means of the hoist and is detachably connected to the crossbeams.

The method is preferably also designed in such a way that after the hanging device has been set down on the in position brought crossbeams of the or each unit, a lock attached to the hanger is released, which in the released state allows a gripping device attached to the hanger to releasably clamp the crossbeams of the or each unit to the hanger when an upward pull is applied by operating the hoist the suspension device that is detachably coupled to the hoist.

Furthermore, the method can advantageously be designed in such a way that the suspension device is lifted upwards from the crossbeams placed on the main beams by actuating the hoist after the gripping device releases the crossbeams due to the effect of gravity and the Lock is closed again by the action of gravity.

It is also advantageous if the or each unit is formed from between five and thirty crossbeams and one hanging device per unit. In other embodiments of the invention, the or each unit may be formed from between eight and twenty-five in number of cross members and one hanger per unit. In still other embodiments of the invention the or each unit may be formed from between five and fifteen in number of cross members and one hanger per unit. For example, the or each unit is formed from eight, nine or ten cross members per unit.

It is also advantageous if before weaning the or each unit on the Jochträgern the or each unit by manually moving one or more of the Hanging device mounted at least on train belastable control elements such as ropes, the or each unit is moved so that the cross beams of the or each unit are arranged in a predetermined position on the truss beams and in a predetermined orientation to the truss beams.

The risk of people slipping down between the crossbeams when stepping onto the slab formwork that is still under construction and possibly injuring themselves is further reduced by the fact that the crossbeams are at a lateral distance of between about 10 cm and about 45 cm, or between about 20 cm and about 30 cm on the main beams.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the support device has at least two laterally spaced longitudinal supports, each of which has recesses spaced apart on its underside in the longitudinal direction of the respective longitudinal support for receiving the upper flanges of the crossbeams to be secured to the support device, the actuating device has at least two laterally spaced apart , operating rods running in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal members, one of which is arranged on the upper side of each of the longitudinal members, and at least two laterally spaced connecting rods running transversely to the operating rods, which are arranged between the operating rods and are firmly connected to the operating rods and each gripper of the gripping device has a two-armed lever which is rotatably connected at an upper end of an upper arm to a respective one of the actuating rods, at a point e.g between the two arms is rotatably connected to the respective longitudinal beam and at a lower end a lower arm has a hook-shaped section, wherein in the locking position of the actuating device the lower arm of the respective lever presses the upper chord of the respective cross member against a wall of the respective recess of the respective longitudinal member and the hook-shaped section of the lower arm of the lever grips under the upper chord of the respective cross member . It is advantageous if the grippers are arranged on both sides of each longitudinal beam and both sides of each actuating rod.

Preferably, the upper arms of all two-armed levers, which are each rotatably connected to one of the longitudinal beams and the actuating rod arranged on its upper side, run parallel to one another and each actuating rod moves parallel to one another during its pivoting movement between the locking position of the actuating device and the release position of the actuating device, without itself about to turn.

The at least one safety lever can be a two-armed lever which is connected to a handle part at an upper end of an upper arm, has a hook-shaped section at a lower end of a lower arm and is rotatably connected to a respective actuating rod at a point between the two arms , wherein the hook-shaped section engages in the locking position of the safety lever under a safety pin attached to the respective side member.

It is advantageous if the safety device has at least two two-armed safety levers, one of which is rotatably connected to one actuating rod and the other to the other actuating rod, the handle part running transversely to the actuating rods has a handle bar connecting the upper ends of the upper arms of both safety levers and each safety lever has a hook-shaped section at the lower end of each lower arm, a safety pin is attached to each longitudinal beam and each hook-shaped section in the release position of the actuating device under one respective safety pin engages.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the device is constructed in such a way that when the suspension device is set down with the crossbeams held on the support device on the main beams, the actuating device is moved into the release position by the effect of gravity and the at least one safety lever is moved into the blocking position.

Furthermore, the device is advantageously designed in such a way that a coupling device for detachably coupling the hanging device to the hoist is arranged on the actuating device. The coupling device can have at least four eyelets, two of which are fastened to one of the connecting rods at a distance from each other, and the suspension device can be connected to the hoist by means of coupling elements that act on the eyelets and can be subjected to at least tensile stresses, such as ropes, chains, rods or hooks be releasably connectable.

Preferably, several eyelets are attached to the support device, to which control elements that can at least be subjected to tension, such as ropes, chains, rods or hooks, can be connected, with which the crossbeams held on the support device can be moved to a predetermined Position and orientation can be brought relative to the trusses. Instead of eyelets, plates can also be used, each of which has a through hole roughly in the middle, which can be an elongated hole, for passing through or hooking in a control element, with each plate being fastened to a front end of each longitudinal beam of the carrying device.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Beispiels einer noch im Bau befindlichen herkömmlichen Deckenschalung für eine Stahlbetondecke;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer aus einer Hängevorrichtung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und mehreren mit der Hängevorrichtung aufzunehmenden Querträgern bestehenden Einheit, wobei die Greifer der Greifeinrichtung in der Freigabestellung sind und die Sicherungshebel (Arretierung) der Sicherungsvorrichtung in der Sperrstellung sind;

Fig. 3

eine Schnittdarstellung der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Vorrichtung, wobei der Schnitt entlang der Linie IIIIII in Fig. 2 gelegt ist und wobei die Greiferabweichend von der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Stellungin der Sperrstellung sind und wobei die Sicherungshebel - abweichend von der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Stellung - in der Lösestellung sind.

Fig. 4

eine ähnliche Schnittdarstellung der Vorrichtung wie Fig. 3, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, dass die Greifer wie in der Darstellung der Fig. 2 in der Freigabestellung sind und die Sicherungshebel ebenfalls wie in der Darstellung der Fig. 2 in der Sperrstellung sind.

Fig. 5 bis 8

verschiedene Zustände der Vorrichtung in schematischer Darstellung und im Schnitt, wobei die Greifer und die Sicherungshebel in Stellungen gezeigt sind, die sie einnehmen, wenn die Greifer in der Freigabestellung und die Sicherungshebel in der Sperrstellung sind (s. Fig.5), wenn die Greifer in der Sperrstellung und die Sicherungshebel in der Lösestellung sind (s. Fig. 7) und wenn sich die Greifer und die Sicherungshebel in Zwischenstellungen zwischen Freigabe- und Sperrstellung (Greifer) bzw. Sperr- und Lösestellung (Sicherungshebel) befinden (s. Fig. 6 und Fig. 8).

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the figures show:

1

a perspective view of an example of a conventional ceiling formwork for a reinforced concrete ceiling that is still under construction;

2

a perspective view of a unit consisting of a hanging device of a device according to the invention and a plurality of cross members to be accommodated with the hanging device, the grippers of the gripping device being in the release position and the safety lever (lock) of the safety device being in the blocked position;

3

a sectional view of the 2 shown device, the section along the line IIIIII in 2 is placed and wherein the grippers are different from those in 2 shown position are in the locked position and the safety levers - deviating from the in 2 shown position - are in the release position.

4

a similar sectional view of the device as 3 , but with the difference that the grippers are as shown in the 2 are in the release position and the safety levers also as in the representation of 2 are in the locked position.

Figures 5 to 8

Various states of the device in schematic representation and in section, showing the grippers and the safety levers in the positions they assume when the grippers are in the release position and the safety levers are in the locked position (see Fig. Fig.5 ) when the grippers are in the locked position and the safety levers are in the released position (see Fig. 7 ) and if the grippers and the safety levers are in intermediate positions between the released and locked position (gripper) or locked and released position (safety lever) (see 6 and 8 ).

1

Deckenschalung

2

Stützen mit Stativ

3

Stativ

4

Stützen ohne Stativ

5

Boden

6

Jochträger

7

Querträger

8

Schaltafeln

9

Schalhaut

10

Hängevorrichtung

11

Einheit

12

Tragvorrichtung

13

Längsträger

14

Aussparung

15

Betätigungsvorrichtung

16

Betätigungsstange

17

Verbindungsstange

18

Greifeinrichtung

19

Greifer

20

oberer Arm

21

unterer Arm

22

hakenförmiger Abschnitt

23

Pfeil (nach links)

24

Drehpfeil (im Gegenuhrzeigersinn)

25

Sicherungsvorrichtung

26

Sicherungshebel

27

Griffstange

28

hakenförmiger Abschnitt

29

Sicherungszapfen

30

Drehpfeil (im Gegenuhrzeigersinn)

31

Kuppelvorrichtung

32/33

Ösen

34

Eckverbindungselemente

35

Pfeil (nach oben)

36

Pfeil (nach unten)

Identical components of the invention are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures, which are described below:

1

slab formwork

2

Supports with tripod

3

tripod

4

Supports without a tripod

5

floor

6

yoke bearer

7

cross member

8th

formwork panels

9

formlining

10

hanging device

11

Unit

12

carrying device

13

side members

14

recess

15

operating device

16

operating rod

17

connecting rod

18

gripping device

19

gripper

20

upper arm

21

lower arm

22

hooked section

23

arrow (left)

24

Rotation arrow (counterclockwise)

25

safety device

26

safety lever

27

handle bar

28

hooked section

29

safety pin

30

Rotation arrow (counterclockwise)

31

coupling device

32/33

eyelets

34

corner fasteners

35

Up arrow)

36

arrow (down)

In 1 shows an example of a conventional slab formwork 1 still under construction for the production of a reinforced concrete slab, the slab formwork 1 having several main beams 6, which are supported on a floor 5 via several individual supports 2 with support stand 3 and several individual supports 4 without support stand. The trusses 6 can be made of wood or aluminum or plastic. The trusses 6 can have a polygonal cross section. In some embodiments, the main girders 6 can be or contain H20 type wooden girders, each of which has a double-T profile with a web and an upper and lower chord. As as can be seen, the truss beams 6 extend essentially parallel to one another in a horizontal plane, being at a predetermined lateral distance from one another. The ceiling formwork 1 also has a plurality of crossbeams 7 running transversely to the primary beams 6 and, in practice, also referred to as decking beams. The pad carrier 7 can be made of wood or aluminum or plastic. The lining carrier 7 can have a polygonal cross section. In some embodiments, the covering supports 7 can be wooden supports or contain such which each have a double-T profile with a web and an upper and a lower chord. As can be seen, the crossbeams 7 extend essentially parallel to one another in a horizontal plane, with a predetermined lateral spacing which is approximately 50 cm in the conventional ceiling formwork 1 shown. The lower chord of the crossbeams 7 rests on the upper chord of the main girders 6 , they being lifted up manually from the ground 5 below the main girders 7 in a conventional manner and placed on the main girders 7 . The ceiling formwork 1 also has a formwork skin 9, which is only partially laid in the example shown and is made up of close-lying, rectangular formwork panels 8, in practice also referred to as formwork covering, which can form the underside of the reinforced concrete ceiling to be produced after completion. As can be seen, the formwork panels 8 rest flat on the upper chord of the crossbeams 7, and they were placed individually on the crossbeams 7 from above.

Unlike the in 1 illustrated conventional ceiling formwork 1 are in the method according to the invention for the sake of simplicity also designated by the reference numeral 7 cross member not individually and manually lifted from below the main beam 6 from the top and on the Jochträgern 6 stored, but they are, as in 2 visible, at a pre-assembly location away from the main beams 6 in groups of nine crossbeams 7 in the example according to their position and alignment to be assumed in the finished ceiling formwork, also denoted by the reference number 1 for the sake of simplicity, on a flat preparation area, whereby they have a smaller lateral distance from each other than in the conventional ceiling formwork 1, namely a lateral distance between about 10 cm and about 45 cm, or between about 20 cm and about 30 cm. in the in figure 2 example shown, the distance between adjacent cross members 7 is about 25 cm.

The crossbeams 7 prepared in this way and a hanging device 10 of the device according to the invention are combined to form a self-supporting unit 11, with the crossbeams 7 and the hanging device 10 being detachably connected to one another, as described in more detail below, after which the entire unit 11 can be connected to a lifting device, not shown, such as e.g. a crane, is brought to the assembly site of the ceiling formwork 1 and is set down on the main beams 6 from above in a precisely positioned and correctly aligned manner. The hanging device 10 is reusable, so that it can be used repeatedly until the required number of crossbeams 7 is arranged on the main beams 6 with it. Several suspension devices of the same design can also be used alternately, so that the ceiling formwork according to the invention can be assembled faster than the conventional ceiling formwork.

As in the figures 2 , 3 and 4 visible, the hanging device 10 on a support device 12, the two in laterally spaced longitudinal members 13 running transversely to the cross members 7 of the unit 11, each of which has on its underside a number of rectangular recesses 14 corresponding to the maximum number (nine in the example) of receivable cross members 7, the shape and size of which are designed in such a way that the top chord of the respective cross member 7 can be accommodated in each recess 14 . The hanging device 10 also has an actuating device 15 which can be pivoted into a locking position and a release position and which has two actuating rods 16 which are spaced apart laterally and run in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal beams 13 , one of which is arranged on the upper side of each longitudinal beam 13 . Furthermore, the actuating device 15 has two laterally spaced, transverse to the actuating rods 16 connecting rods 17 which are arranged between the actuating rods 16 and connected to the actuating rods 16, z. B. are firmly connected by welding and corner connectors.

Further, the hanger 10 comprises a gripping device 18 having a plurality of grippers 19 each having a two-armed lever pivotally connected at an upper end of an upper arm 20 to a respective operating rod 16 at a location intermediate the upper arm 20 and a lower arm 21 is rotatably connected to a respective longitudinal member 13 and has a hook-shaped section 22 at a lower end of the lower arm 21 which, when the actuating device 15 is pivoted into the locking position, engages under the upper chord of the respective cross member 7, wherein the lower arm 21 of the two-armed lever of the respective gripper 19 presses the upper flange of the respective cross member 7 against the opposite wall of the recess 14 of the longitudinal member 13, so that each Cross member 7 is held on the longitudinal members 13 in the locked position of the actuating device 15.

The grippers 19 are all of the same design, are arranged at equal intervals and in the same number on two opposite sides of each actuating rod 15 and each longitudinal beam 13 . On each of these sides of the actuating rod 15 or the longitudinal beam 13 there is a number of grippers 19 corresponding to the maximum number of receivable crossbeams 7. With a maximum number of nine receivable crossbeams 7 in the example, there is four times the number of grippers, i.e. thirty-six grippers. When the actuating device 15 is pivoted into the locked position or into the release position, both actuating rods 16 are simultaneously moved in parallel without rotating. Simultaneously with the movement of the actuating rods 16, all the grippers 19 are also rotated about the axes of rotation on the longitudinal beams 13.

In the figures 2 ,and 4 15 the actuator 15 is shown in its release position in which the grippers 19 are rotated to their release position in which the lower arm 21 and hooked portion 22 of each gripper 19 are disengaged from the top chord of each cross member 7. In this position of the grippers 19, the hanging device 10 can be set down on the crossbeams 7 of the unit 11 provided at the pre-assembly site, with the top chords of the crossbeams 7 being able to be accommodated in the recesses 14. In this position of the grippers 19, however, the hanging device 10 can also be lifted upwards again from the crossbeams at the installation site of the ceiling formwork 1, after the crossbeams 7 have been deposited there on the main beams 6.

If the actuating device 15 is inserted into the in 3 shown locked position pivoted, wherein the actuating rods 16 in the direction of in 4 arrow 23 pointing to the left can be pivoted in parallel without rotating, all grippers 19 are simultaneously rotated counterclockwise about the axes of rotation on the longitudinal beams 13 in accordance with the Fig.4 registered rotation arrow 24 rotated. When the actuating device 15 is in the locked position, the grippers 19 are also in the locked position, in which the lower arms 21 press the upper chords of the crossbeams 7 against the opposite wall of the recesses 14 and the hook-shaped sections 22 grip under the upper chords of the crossbeams 7, so that the Crossbeams 7 are held on the longitudinal beams 13 and can be lifted from the deployment site with the hoist and brought to the installation site of the ceiling formwork and can be deposited there on the main beams 6.

The hanging device 10 also has a safety device 25 which has two two-armed safety levers 26 lying opposite one another, one of which is rotatably mounted on each actuating rod 16 . Like in particular 2 As can be seen, the safety device 25 has a handle bar 27 which runs transversely to the actuating rods 16 and is firmly connected to the upper ends of the upper arms of the two safety levers 26 . Each safety lever 26 has on its lower arm a hooked portion 28 engageable with a safety pin 29 provided on each side member 13. The safety levers 26 can be activated by pivoting the handle bar 27 in one direction figure 2 or 4 counterclockwise according to the rotary arrow 30 or 24 in a release position rotatable in which the hook-shaped portions 28 disengaged from the Are securing pins 29 and consequently allow pivoting movements of the actuating rods 16. By pivoting the handle bar 27 in the opposite direction in 2 or 4 clockwise the safety levers 26 are in the in 2 or 4 shown blocking position rotatable, in which, as can be seen, the hook-shaped sections 28 of the safety lever 26 are in engagement with the safety pin 29 and consequently a pivoting movement of the actuating rods 16 is prevented.

The hanger 10 is connected to a hoist, not shown, such. B. a crane detachably coupled. A coupling device 31 is provided on the actuating device 15 in order to be able to connect the suspension device 10 quickly and safely to the crane and also to be able to detach it from it again. The coupling device 31 has four eyelets 32 which are attached in pairs to each of the connecting rods 17, the two eyelets 32 of each eyelet pair being spaced apart on the connecting rods 17 in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rods 17. Cables or chains connected to the crane or other connecting means that can be subjected to tension can be guided through the eyelets 32 or hooked onto them in order to be able to raise the suspension device 10 with the crane, lower it and move it laterally while it is floating.

Furthermore, 12 eyelets 33 are attached to the ends of the longitudinal beams 13 of the support device, of which one eyelet 33 is provided at one end of the longitudinal beam 13 in each case. Cables or chains or other connecting or control means or elements that can be subjected to at least tensile stress can be guided through these eyelets 33 or hooked onto them, with which the crossbeams 7 are then manually aligned on the main beams 6 before the crossbeams 7 are set down and inserted into the predetermined position on the trusses 6 can be maneuvered. Instead of eyelets 33, plates (not shown) can also be attached to the front ends of the longitudinal beams 13, each of which has a through hole, e.g. B. have a slot through which the connection or control means out or where they can be hooked.

The device according to the invention for producing a ceiling formwork 1, in which the lateral distances between the crossbeams 7 are only about half as large as in conventional ceiling formwork, namely for example only 25 cm, is used as follows: After the crossbeams 7 to be picked up with the device on pre-assembly site are ready, the hanging device 10 is lowered by means of the crane with the grippers 19 in the release position and with the safety levers 26 in the locking position from above onto the prepared crossbeams 7, with the hanging device 10 being positioned and aligned relative to the crossbeams 7, see above that the top chords of the cross members 7 are accommodated in the recesses 14 of the longitudinal members 13. This results in an arrangement of the hanging device 10 relative to the crossbeams 7 as shown in 2 or 4 is shown. Before the unit 11 made up of the suspension device 10 and the crossbeams 7 can be lifted with a crane, the crossbeams 7 must be fixed to the support device 12 . This is done in that first the safety lever 26 by manually pivoting the handle bar 27 in the direction of the rotary arrow 24 or 30, ie counterclockwise in 4 or 2, are moved into the release position, in which the hook-shaped sections 28 of the safety lever 26 are disengaged from the safety pin 29. Then, by means of the crane, a pulling force is applied upwards, ie in the direction of arrow 35 (see Fig. Fig.3 ) about the the crane with the eyelets 32 connecting ropes or the like. Applied to the actuating device 15. As a result, the actuating rods 16 are lifted off the longitudinal beams 13 and moved in the direction of the arrow 23 (see Fig. 4 ) pivoted, moving in parallel without rotating. This movement of the actuating rods 16 is transmitted to the grippers 19 in such a way that the grippers 19 move in the direction of the rotation arrow 24, ie counterclockwise in 4 rotate, taking them out of the into the figures 2 and 4 shown release position in their in 3 reach the blocking position shown, in which the hook-shaped sections 22 reach under the upper chords of the crossbeams 7 and the lower arms 21 rest against the upper chords of the crossbeams 7 and press the upper chords of the crossbeams 7 against the opposite wall of the recesses 14. The pivoting movement of the actuating rods 16 in the direction of arrow 23 and the resulting forced rotary movement of the grippers 20 in the direction of the rotary arrow 24 are stopped by eliminating any play between the grippers 19 and the upper flanges of the crossbeams 7 on the one hand and between the upper flanges of the crossbeams 7 and the opposite wall of the recesses 14 is lifted on the other hand, ie that the grippers 19 are in the locked position (see Fig.3 ) condition. In the locked position of the grippers 19, the upper arms 20 of the grippers 19 continue to run obliquely upwards to the actuating rods 16, as a result of which the tensile force directed upwards on the actuating rods 16 by means of the crane in the direction of arrow 35 generates a turning torque in the direction of arrow 24 the grippers 19, causing the top chords of the crossbeams 7 to be firmly pinched between the lower arms 21 of the grippers 19 and the opposite wall of the recesses 14, and the hooked portions 22 of the claws 19 firmly against the top chords of the crossbeams from below 7 press so that the cross members 7 are held securely on the longitudinal members 13 of the support device 12 while they are brought from the pre-assembly to the assembly site of the ceiling formwork 1 floating with the crane.

The entire self-supporting unit 11, consisting of the suspension device 10 and the crossbeams 7 held on it, is then moved by means of the crane to a position above the main beams 6, the slab formwork 1 under construction and lowered onto the main beams 6, with the ropes or other connection or control means can be used to help bring the crossbeams 7 into the correct position and orientation relative to the yoke beams 6 when they are set down on the yoke beams 6. When the crossbeams 7 of the unit 11 are seated on the main beams 6 in the correct position and orientation, the pulling force exerted on the operating rods 16 by the crane is reduced and eventually eliminated, with the result that the operating rods 16 move by the action of gravity pivot back into their release position, as a result of which the grippers 19 are also pivoted into their release position and thus release the upper flanges of the crossbeams 7 to exit from the recesses 14 . Furthermore, the safety levers 26 are also rotated into their locking position by the action of gravity. If the safety levers 26 are again in their locked position, as in particular in 4 can be seen, the grippers 19 are held in their release position at the same time.

When the grippers 19 are in their release position and the crossbeams 7 are resting on the yoke beams 6, the hanging device 10 can be lifted upwards from the crossbeams 7 by means of the crane and brought back to the pre-assembly site for further use, in order to accommodate further crossbeams for the ceiling formwork 1 there if required. Once all the crossbeams 7 required for the floor formwork have been laid using the device according to the invention, in a further work step, as with conventional floor formwork 1, the formlining 9 is applied to the crossbeams 7, which are now closer together than in the case of conventional floor formwork 1, as a result of which the hitherto, particularly when applying the formlining 9, the risk of the formworkers falling is considerably reduced.

Based on Figures 5 to 8 is the above-described sequence of movements of the movable parts of a device according to the invention for the production of a ceiling formwork again illustrated, wherein the in the Figures 5 to 8 embodiment shown in comparison to that in FIGS Figures 2 to 4 illustrated embodiment is modified in the following parts. The hooked end of the grippers 19 is blunt rather than pointed to increase the contact surface of the hooked end with the cross member. The eyelets 33 at the front ends of the longitudinal beams 13 are replaced by plates with a slot (not shown), as a result of which the device is more compact in the longitudinal direction. In the Figures 5 to 8 the crossbeams 7 are not shown in order to make the recesses 14 more visible.

At the in figure 5 In the state of the device shown, the grippers 19 are in the release position, in which the crossbeams, not shown, are accommodated in the recesses 14 at the preassembly site and released again after being deposited on the truss beams at the assembly site be able. At the same time, the safety levers 26 are in their blocking or locking position.

At the in 6 shown state of the device are the safety lever 26 in the release position. By pulling up the actuating device 15 in the direction of the arrow 35, the actuating rods 16 are lifted off the longitudinal beams 13, as a result of which the actuating rods 16 pivot in the direction of the arrow 23 relative to the longitudinal beams. As a result, the grippers 19 rotate counterclockwise and approach their locked position.

At the in Fig.7 In the state of the device shown, the grippers 19 are in their locked position and the actuating rods 16 are in their raised end position, in which the distance between the actuating rods 16 and the longitudinal beams 13 is greater than in the case in 6 shown state of the device is. The hooked end of the safety levers 26 is in comparison to that in 6 State shown at a distance above the securing pin 29. In the in Fig.7 In the state of the device shown, the grippers 19 would hold the crossbeams firmly on the longitudinal beams if the crossbeams were accommodated in the recesses 14, so that they could be safely transported floating from the pre-assembly site to the assembly site on the crane and set down precisely on the main beams from above.

At the in Fig.8 In the state of the device shown, the actuating rods 16 are lowered in the direction of arrow 36 by the action of gravity to release the crossbeams after they have been placed on the yoke beams, which reduces their distance from the longitudinal beams 13 again. At the same time, the grippers 19 in rotated clockwise. The hook-shaped end of the safety levers 26 slides along the safety pins 29, so that the safety levers 26 also return to the locked position due to the effect of gravity. If the safety levers 26 are again in the locked position, the grippers 19 are fixed in the release position, so that the device can be lifted off the crossbeams placed on the main beams and brought back to the pre-assembly site in order to pick up further crossbeams there if necessary.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. The foregoing description is therefore not to be considered as limiting but as illustrative. It is to be understood in the following claims that a specified feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of other features.

Claims (15)

Method for producing a ceiling formwork (1) for the construction of reinforced concrete ceilings, in which a large number of main beams (6) are arranged at lateral distances from one another on a support device (2,4) which is supported on a floor (8) and subsequently a large number of transverse beams ( 7) is arranged on the main beams (6) at lateral distances from one another and transversely to the main beams (6) and then a formwork skin (9) is arranged on the cross beams (7),
characterized in that
before arranging the crossbeams (7) on the main beams (6), the crossbeams (7) and at least one hanging device (10) are assembled at a pre-assembly site remote from the main beams (6) arranged on the support device to form at least one self-supporting unit (11), the crossbeams (7) and the hanger (10) being releasably clamped with at least one gripping device (18) attached to the hanger (10), the crossbeams (7) having the same position relative to each other as they will have if they are arranged on the main beams (6), and the unit (11) is placed from above onto the main beams (6) by means of a hoist, which is detachably connected to the hanging device (10), after which the hanging device (10) is lifted from the Cross members (7) is released and moved away by means of the hoist upwards. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the hanger (10) has been set down on the positioned crossbeams (7) of the unit (11), a catch (25) attached to the hanger (10) is released which, in the released state, allows the gripping device (18) attached to the hanger (10) to releasably clamp the crossbeams (7) of the or each unit (11) on the hanger (10) when, by operation of the hoist, a pull upwards on the hanging device (10) that is detachably connected to the hoist. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the suspension device (10) is lifted upwards from the crossbeams (7) placed on the main beams (6) by actuating the hoist after, when the or each unit (11) is set down on the main beams ( 6) due to the effect of gravity, the gripping device (18) releases the crossbeam (7) and the lock (25) is closed again. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the unit (11) is formed from 5 to 30 crossbeams (7) and one hanging device (10) per unit or that the unit (11) is formed from 8 to 25 crossbeams (7) and a hanging device (10) per unit or that the unit (11) is formed from 5 to 15 crossbeams (7) and a hanging device (10) per unit. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that before the unit (11) is set down on the main beams (6), the unit (11) is moved by pulling on one or more connecting elements which are detachably attached to the hanging device (10) in such a way that the cross beams (7) the unit (11) in a predetermined position on the truss beams (6) and arranged in a predetermined alignment with the truss beams (6). Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the crossbeams (7) are arranged on the main beams (6) at a lateral distance of about 10 cm to about 45 cm, or of about 20 cm to about 30 cm. Device for producing ceiling formwork (1) for building reinforced concrete ceilings, the ceiling formwork (1) having: a plurality of laterally spaced truss beams (6) arranged on a support device (2, 4) supported on a floor surface (5), and a plurality of laterally spaced crossbeams (7) which are arranged on the main beams (6) running transversely to the main beams (6), and a formwork skin (9) arranged on the crossbeams (7), characterized by having a suspension device (10) that can be detachably coupled to a hoist a support device (12) which can be brought into contact with a plurality of laterally spaced crossbeams (7) at the same time, an actuating device (15) which can be pivoted in two opposite directions relative to the carrying device (12), a gripping device (18) having a plurality of grippers (19) rotatably connected to the support device (12) and the actuating device (15), wherein the grippers (19) can be moved in one direction into a locked position by pivoting the actuating device (15) in which they are in contact with the grip the crossbeams (7) located on the carrying device (12) and hold them firmly on the carrying device (12), and by pivoting the actuating device (15) in the other direction can be moved into a release position in which they are disengaged from the in contact with the carrying device (12) located crossbeams (7) and release the carrying device (12) and the crossbeams (7) located in contact with the carrying device (12) to detach from each other, and a securing device (25) which has at least one having a safety lever (26) which is rotatably connected to the actuating device (15) and which can be pivoted in one direction into a locking position and in the opposite direction into a release position, the at least one safety lever (26) being in engagement with the carrying device (12) in the locking position and preventing the actuating device (15) from pivoting movement in its locked position and disengaged from the supporting device in the released position echt (12) and allows a pivoting movement of the actuating device (15) in the locked position. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the carrying device (12) has at least two laterally spaced longitudinal members (13), each of which has recesses (14) spaced apart on its underside in the longitudinal direction of the respective longitudinal member (13) for receiving the upper flanges of the the carrying device (12) has a cross member (7) to be fixed, the actuating device (15) has at least two laterally spaced apart actuating rods (16) running in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal members (13), one of which is on the upper side of one of the longitudinal members (13) is arranged, and at least two laterally spaced connecting rods (17) running transversely to the actuating rods (16), which are arranged between the actuating rods (16) and are fixedly connected to the actuating rods (16), and each gripper (19) of the gripping device (18) has one comprises a two-armed lever which is pivotally connected at an upper end of an upper arm (20) to one of the respective operating rods (16), is pivotally connected to the respective longitudinal beam (13) at a point between the two arms (20, 21), and has a hook-shaped section (22) at a lower end of a lower arm (21), wherein in the locking position of the actuating device (15) the lower arm (21) of the respective gripper (19) presses the upper chord of the respective cross member (7) against a wall of the respective recess (14) of the respective longitudinal member (13) and the hook-shaped section (22) of the lower arm (21) of the gripper (19) grips under the upper flange of the respective cross member (7). . Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the upper arms (20) of all two-armed levers of the grippers (19), which are rotatably connected to one of the longitudinal beams (13) and the actuating rod (16) arranged on the upper side thereof, run parallel to one another and each operating rod (16) moves in parallel without rotating as it pivots between its locked position and its unlocked position. Device according to Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the at least one safety lever (26) is a two-armed lever which is connected to a handle part (27) at an upper end of an upper arm and having a hooked portion (28) at a lower end of a lower arm and pivotally connected to a respective operating rod (16) at a location between the two arms, the hooked portion (28) being in the locking position of the safety lever (26) engages under a securing pin (29) fastened to the respective side member (13). Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the safety device has at least two two-armed safety levers (26), one of which is rotatably connected to one actuating rod (16) and the other to the other actuating rod (16), the handle part being transverse to the operating rods (16) connecting the upper ends of the upper arms of both safety levers (26) together, and each safety lever (26) has a hook-shaped portion (28) at the lower end of each lower arm a safety pin is fastened to each longitudinal member (13) and each hook-shaped section (28) engages under a respective safety pin (28) in the release position of the actuating device (15). Device according to one of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that when the suspension device (10) is set down with the crossbeams (7) held on the support device (12) on the main beams (6), the actuating device (15) is activated by the effect of gravity Actuating device is moved into the release position and at the same time the at least one safety lever (26) is moved into the blocking position. Device according to one of Claims 7 to 12, characterized in that a coupling device (31) for detachably coupling the suspension device (10) to the hoist is arranged on the actuating device (15). Device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the coupling device has at least four eyelets (32), two of which are fastened at a distance from each other on each of the connecting rods (17), and the hanging device (10) can be released by means of the eyelets (32). connected fasteners can be detachably coupled to the hoist. Device according to one of Claims 7 to 14, characterized in that a plurality of eyelets (33) or perforated plates are fastened to the carrying device (12), with which connecting elements are detachably connected, with which the crossbeams (7) held on the carrying device (12) can be brought into a predetermined position and alignment relative to the main beams (6) before the cross members (7) are set down on the main beams (6).

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