EP4039843A1 - Antiferromagnetische legierung, herstellungsverfahren dafür und aus der legiuerung hergestellte komponente eines uhrwerks - Google Patents

Antiferromagnetische legierung, herstellungsverfahren dafür und aus der legiuerung hergestellte komponente eines uhrwerks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4039843A1
EP4039843A1 EP21155159.3A EP21155159A EP4039843A1 EP 4039843 A1 EP4039843 A1 EP 4039843A1 EP 21155159 A EP21155159 A EP 21155159A EP 4039843 A1 EP4039843 A1 EP 4039843A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
weight
temperature
manganese
content
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP21155159.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sandrine GUERIN DELETANG
Charlésia BRAGUIER
Christian David GEIßLER
Frédéric DIOLOGENT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Richemont International SA
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Richemont International SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Richemont International SA filed Critical Richemont International SA
Priority to EP21155159.3A priority Critical patent/EP4039843A1/de
Priority to EP22703324.8A priority patent/EP4288577A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2022/051955 priority patent/WO2022167327A1/fr
Publication of EP4039843A1 publication Critical patent/EP4039843A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antiferromagnetic alloy based on iron, manganese, chromium and vanadium as well as its preparation process (alloying and transformation).
  • the invention also relates to mechanical parts composed at least in part of this antiferromagnetic alloy.
  • the field of use of the present invention relates to watchmaking, in particular resonators for timepieces.
  • a resonator for a timepiece has the primary function of resonating invariably regardless of the environment in which it is located. This is the reason why a resonator is preferably made of an Elinvar material (consisting for example of 59% iron, 36% nickel, and 5% chromium), that is to say that its modulus d 'Young (or elasticity) remains insensitive to temperature variations (Charles-Edouard Council, 1920 Nobel Prize in Physics).
  • the documents EP 1 422 436 and EP 0 886 195 propose solutions making it possible to have materials which are, in addition, insensitive to magnetic fields. Generally, a resonator is made from complex and expensive alloys.
  • the alloys of which the resonators for timepieces are made generally include, in addition to iron and nickel, several additives such as chromium, silicon, titanium, manganese and beryllium.
  • This alloy known as the Nivarox alloy, is an Elinvar alloy exhibiting a Young's modulus insensitive to temperature changes. In addition, its Young's modulus varies very slightly in the temperatures considered (-15 to -50°C in general) but much less than most alloys ( figure 1 ).
  • the document GB 1284066 describes an alloy comprising 0.5-1.5% vanadium and at least 1% molybdenum.
  • the document JP 0941087 describes an alloy comprising 0.03-0.10% carbon, 0.05-0.50% silicon and 0.5-7% molybdenum.
  • the document US 3,735,971 describes an alloy comprising 0.03-1% carbon or a mixture of carbon and nitrogen.
  • GB 2128633 describes an alloy comprising silicon and cobalt.
  • the antiferromagnetic alloy according to the invention mainly consists of iron, manganese, chromium and vanadium. With regard to its composition and its method of preparation, it provides an inexpensive alternative that can be easily implemented compared to the materials of the prior art.
  • This alloy has a hardness advantageously between 250 HV and 600 HV, for example between 300 HV and 550 HV, even more preferably between 400 HV and 550 HV, which is suitable for use in the field of watchmaking. Hardness values are measured with an accuracy of ⁇ 30 HV.
  • This alloy has a Young's modulus advantageously between 140 GPa and 240 GPa, preferentially between 150 GPa and 200 GPa, which is suitable for use in the field of watchmaking.
  • the Young's modulus of this alloy only varies very slightly (+/- 1 GPa) as a function of temperature, notably between 5°C and 40°C.
  • the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing this antiferromagnetic alloy and its use in the field of watchmaking, for example for manufacturing a resonator for a timepiece.
  • the antiferromagnetic alloy according to the invention is free of cobalt, beryllium and nickel.
  • the percentages are expressed by weight relative to the weight of the antiferromagnetic alloy. Value ranges include upper and lower bounds. For example, the value ranges " 15.0 to 35.0 %" and " between 15.0 and 35.0 %” include the values 15.0 and 35.0%.
  • This alloy consists of the above elements. In other words, it does not include other elements. Thus, this alloy is devoid of cobalt, beryllium, molybdenum and/or nickel.
  • the alloy is advantageously free of residual impurities.
  • it advantageously comprises a total of less than 6000 ppm of residual impurities (metallic and non-metallic), relative to its weight, more advantageously less than 3000 ppm, even more advantageously less than 1500 ppm, and even more advantageously less than 600 ppm.
  • Any residual metallic impurities may include in particular the elements Co, Be, Mo, Zn or Ni.
  • the ppm are expressed by weight relative to the weight of the antiferromagnetic alloy (Fe+Mn+Cr+V+C+Si+Al).
  • Residual non-metallic impurities may correspond to at least one of the following elements: selenium, sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the oxygen or sulfur concentration is less than 500 ppm, advantageously less than 300 ppm, even more advantageously less than 100 ppm.
  • the nitrogen concentration is advantageously less than 100 ppm, advantageously less than 20 ppm.
  • the manganese content is between 15.0% and 35.0% by weight, preferably between 20.0% and 35.0% by weight, more preferably between 22.0 and 32.0% by weight.
  • Such manganese contents are important because iron alloys with such manganese contents become austenitic and antiferromagnetic. So enough is needed for the iron to no longer be ferromagnetic. On the other hand, it is useless to exceed the optimum manganese concentration.
  • the chromium content is between 4.0% and 15.0% by weight, preferably between 5.0% and 12.0% by weight, more preferably between 6.0 and 10.0% by weight. Chromium forms a protective oxide layer in contact with air (also called passivation layer) which improves the corrosion resistance of the material.
  • the vanadium content is between 1.0% and 5.0% by weight, advantageously between 1.6% and 3.5% by weight.
  • Vanadium allows the formation of stable and hard carbides, while guaranteeing, by synergy effect with chromium, a significant increase in hardness.
  • the addition of vanadium improves the mechanical characteristics of the alloy, thanks to a refining of the grain of the alloy induced by the precipitates of vanadium carbides.
  • the formation of stable and hard carbides within the alloy allows the shape to be fixed, in particular when the alloy is used to shape a watch movement, for example a resonator in the form of a spiral spring.
  • the carbon content is between 0.1% and 2.0% by weight, preferably between 0.1% and 1.0%, more preferably between 0.3% and 1.0% by weight.
  • the silicon content is between 0.1% and 1.0% by weight, advantageously between 0.1% and 0.5% by weight.
  • the alloy may comprise aluminum.
  • the aluminum content is between 0% and 2.0% by weight, advantageously between 0.5% and 2.0% by weight, and even more advantageously between 0.5% and 1.5% by weight.
  • the characteristics of invariable elasticity (Elinvar) and very low thermal expansion (Invar) are obtained simultaneously in a wide range of lower temperatures.
  • the Néel temperature (T N ) being defined as the magnetic phase transition temperature above which a material antiferromagnetic becomes paramagnetic. In other words, at temperature T N , the thermal energy is sufficient to break the microscopic magnetic order.
  • the amount of iron is adjusted according to the embodiments and corresponds to the amount necessary to reach 100% by weight. It is between 40.0 and 79.8%. As already indicated, the quantity of residual impurities is advantageously less than 6000 ppm.
  • the antiferromagnetic alloy according to the invention is used in the field of watchmaking, in particular for the manufacture of a watch movement component.
  • the present invention also relates to a watch movement component at least partly made of this antiferromagnetic alloy. It is advantageously made entirely of this alloy.
  • the watch movement component is a resonator, at least partly made of this antiferromagnetic alloy.
  • the resonator consists entirely of the antiferromagnetic alloy.
  • the resonator is in the form of a spiral spring, but it can also be a resonator with flexible blades, such as a tuning fork, or even a resonator of the virtual pivot type, using to the principle of flexible guidance.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one component consisting at least in part of this antiferromagnetic alloy.
  • the invention also relates to a watch comprising a watch movement of which at least one of the components comprises this antiferromagnetic alloy.
  • This watch comprises at least one component at least partly consisting of the antiferromagnetic alloy.
  • the component is a resonator and more preferably, the component is a spiral spring entirely made of the alloy according to the invention.
  • the process for manufacturing the antiferromagnetic alloy according to the invention comprises at least one melting and one purification step.
  • the cast iron makes it possible to form the alloy with the desired metals.
  • the second casting purifies the alloy by removing as many impurities as possible.
  • Particular attention is paid to manganese whose partial pressure of its gas is relatively high at the melting temperatures of the alloy.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to retain the same quantity of manganese before and after melting and a purification step.
  • the alloy has a total content of impurities less than or equal to 6000 ppm, advantageously less than 3000 ppm, more advantageously less than 1500 ppm, and even more advantageously less than 600 ppm.
  • the impurities are those mentioned above.
  • the purification step at pressure P is carried out in such a way as to limit the evaporation of manganese.
  • the variation in the manganese content resulting from the purification step carried out at pure temperature T and under pressure P does not exceed 5.0%.
  • the purification step results in a manganese variation advantageously less than or equal to 5.0% by weight, relative to the amount of manganese resulting from the melting step.
  • the pure temperature T is between 1250 and 1700°C, advantageously between 1350 and 1500°C.
  • the temperature of the step of melting the constituents of the alloy is between 1250°C and 1700°C, advantageously between 1350°C and 1500°C.
  • manganese tends to evaporate quite quickly above a certain temperature.
  • the manganese content of the final alloy being very important for obtaining certain properties of the material, it is important to resort to a process limiting its evaporation. While evaporation depends, above a certain temperature, on the pressure of exposure of the material to the process, a step carried out under pressure substantially reduces the variation in manganese concentration.
  • the purification step carried out at a temperature T according to the range stated above is carried out at a pressure P greater than 10 bar, advantageously greater than 20 bar, and even more advantageously greater than 40 bar.
  • the pressure P is less than or equal to 50 bar.
  • the melting step is not necessarily carried out at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. It can in particular be carried out under vacuum, for example in a vacuum induction furnace.
  • this alloy In order to use this alloy in the field of watchmaking, it is shaped using conventional techniques.
  • an ingot of the antiferromagnetic alloy is hot forged.
  • the forging of the ingot is carried out at a temperature below the melting temperature of the alloy, preferably less than or equal to 1100°C.
  • the forging temperature is advantageously above 800°C.
  • Forging makes it possible to obtain bars whose diameter is preferably between 10 mm and 40 mm, more preferably between 15 mm and 25 mm.
  • the bars obtained by hot forging are then hot and then cold rolled to a diameter of 5 mm.
  • the rolling is carried out after a heat treatment at a temperature preferably between 800° C. and 1200° C., more preferably between 900° C. and 1100° C. to lower its hardness.
  • the bars with a diameter of 5 mm are then cold drawn to the desired diameter, advantageously of the order of 0.5 mm.
  • one or more heat treatments can be implemented. These heat treatments are carried out at a temperature advantageously between 800°C and 1200°C, more advantageously between 900°C and 1100°C.
  • the alloy can then be drawn to a final diameter advantageously less than 100 ⁇ m then rolled, rolled up and fixed to form a spiral spring.
  • Table 2 conditions for preparing the alloys according to the invention INV-1 and INV-2. Terms INV-1 ( figure 2 ) INV-2 ( figure 3 ) Time 90 mins 90 mins Fixing temperature 610°C 600°C
  • the two alloys INV-1 and INV-2 have a Vickers hardness of 520 HV and 460 HV respectively +/- 30 HV.
EP21155159.3A 2021-02-04 2021-02-04 Antiferromagnetische legierung, herstellungsverfahren dafür und aus der legiuerung hergestellte komponente eines uhrwerks Withdrawn EP4039843A1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21155159.3A EP4039843A1 (de) 2021-02-04 2021-02-04 Antiferromagnetische legierung, herstellungsverfahren dafür und aus der legiuerung hergestellte komponente eines uhrwerks
EP22703324.8A EP4288577A1 (de) 2021-02-04 2022-01-27 Antiferromagnetische legierung, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und aus der legierung hergestellte uhrwerkskomponente
PCT/EP2022/051955 WO2022167327A1 (fr) 2021-02-04 2022-01-27 Alliage antiferromagnétique, son procédé de réalisation et composant de mouvement horloger fait de l'alliage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21155159.3A EP4039843A1 (de) 2021-02-04 2021-02-04 Antiferromagnetische legierung, herstellungsverfahren dafür und aus der legiuerung hergestellte komponente eines uhrwerks

Publications (1)

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EP4039843A1 true EP4039843A1 (de) 2022-08-10

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EP21155159.3A Withdrawn EP4039843A1 (de) 2021-02-04 2021-02-04 Antiferromagnetische legierung, herstellungsverfahren dafür und aus der legiuerung hergestellte komponente eines uhrwerks
EP22703324.8A Pending EP4288577A1 (de) 2021-02-04 2022-01-27 Antiferromagnetische legierung, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und aus der legierung hergestellte uhrwerkskomponente

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EP22703324.8A Pending EP4288577A1 (de) 2021-02-04 2022-01-27 Antiferromagnetische legierung, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und aus der legierung hergestellte uhrwerkskomponente

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WO (1) WO2022167327A1 (de)

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1284066A (en) 1969-10-03 1972-08-02 Japan Steel Works Ltd An alloy steel
US3735971A (en) 1967-05-13 1973-05-29 Inst Reinhard Straumann Ag Wal Strainable members exposed to temperature variations and materials therefor
CA1000971A (en) * 1973-10-01 1976-12-07 Katsuo Kaku Low temperature steel having high toughness and low thermal expansion coefficient
GB2128633A (en) 1982-10-25 1984-05-02 Cabot Corp Wear-resistant stainless steel
JPH0941087A (ja) 1995-05-22 1997-02-10 Kobe Steel Ltd 極低温用高Ｍｎ非磁性鋼及び製造方法
EP0886195A1 (de) 1997-06-20 1998-12-23 Montres Rolex Sa Selbstkompensierende Spiralfeder für mechanische Uhrwerkunruhspiralfederoszillator und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
EP1422436A1 (de) 2002-11-25 2004-05-26 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA Spiraluhrwerkfeder und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
WO2018083311A1 (fr) 2016-11-04 2018-05-11 Richemont International Sa Resonateur pour piece d'horlogerie
CN109023101A (zh) * 2018-09-21 2018-12-18 江西樟树市兴隆特殊钢有限公司 一种无磁性模具钢及其制备方法
JP6451545B2 (ja) * 2015-08-05 2019-01-16 新日鐵住金株式会社 高圧水素ガス用高Ｍｎ鋼鋼材およびその製造方法、ならびにその鋼材からなる、配管、容器、バルブおよび継手

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4552626A (en) 1984-11-19 1985-11-12 Michael Landney, Jr. Metal plating of polyamide thermoplastics

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3735971A (en) 1967-05-13 1973-05-29 Inst Reinhard Straumann Ag Wal Strainable members exposed to temperature variations and materials therefor
GB1284066A (en) 1969-10-03 1972-08-02 Japan Steel Works Ltd An alloy steel
CA1000971A (en) * 1973-10-01 1976-12-07 Katsuo Kaku Low temperature steel having high toughness and low thermal expansion coefficient
GB2128633A (en) 1982-10-25 1984-05-02 Cabot Corp Wear-resistant stainless steel
JPH0941087A (ja) 1995-05-22 1997-02-10 Kobe Steel Ltd 極低温用高Ｍｎ非磁性鋼及び製造方法
EP0886195A1 (de) 1997-06-20 1998-12-23 Montres Rolex Sa Selbstkompensierende Spiralfeder für mechanische Uhrwerkunruhspiralfederoszillator und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
EP1422436A1 (de) 2002-11-25 2004-05-26 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA Spiraluhrwerkfeder und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
JP6451545B2 (ja) * 2015-08-05 2019-01-16 新日鐵住金株式会社 高圧水素ガス用高Ｍｎ鋼鋼材およびその製造方法、ならびにその鋼材からなる、配管、容器、バルブおよび継手
WO2018083311A1 (fr) 2016-11-04 2018-05-11 Richemont International Sa Resonateur pour piece d'horlogerie
EP3327151A1 (de) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-30 Richemont International S.A. Resonator für uhr
CN109023101A (zh) * 2018-09-21 2018-12-18 江西樟树市兴隆特殊钢有限公司 一种无磁性模具钢及其制备方法

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Publication number Publication date
EP4288577A1 (de) 2023-12-13
WO2022167327A1 (fr) 2022-08-11

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