EP4026923A1 - Legierung auf der basis von gold und titan - Google Patents

Legierung auf der basis von gold und titan Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4026923A1
EP4026923A1 EP21150617.5A EP21150617A EP4026923A1 EP 4026923 A1 EP4026923 A1 EP 4026923A1 EP 21150617 A EP21150617 A EP 21150617A EP 4026923 A1 EP4026923 A1 EP 4026923A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
weight
ppm
parts
gold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21150617.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Céline GUIDOUX
Damien Colas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Officine Panerai AG
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Officine Panerai AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Officine Panerai AG filed Critical Officine Panerai AG
Priority to EP21150617.5A priority Critical patent/EP4026923A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2022/050214 priority patent/WO2022148817A1/en
Priority to EP22700363.9A priority patent/EP4274916A1/de
Publication of EP4026923A1 publication Critical patent/EP4026923A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an alloy based on gold and titanium.
  • This alloy which also comprises a specific amount of grain refiner, can be used in horology or jewelry.
  • gold-titanium based alloys Due to their properties, such as hardness or tensile strength, gold-titanium based alloys are commonly used in fields such as dentistry, ceramics, horology or jewelry.
  • WO 2008/018109 discloses an alloy comprising 25-75 wt% of gold and titanium, as well as 0-40 wt% of nickel.
  • Ti 3 Au (in mole fraction) exhibits hardness values above most steels and approximately four times those of titanium.
  • WO 2018/162745 discloses a material having a thin layer of Ti 1-x Au x , in which the atomic fraction x is from 0.22 to 0.28, for instance 0.25 as in Ti 3 Au.
  • WO 2016/107755 discloses an alloy comprising at least 750 wt% (18 carats) of gold. This alloy is made of:
  • this alloy comprises at least two alloying elements, as in Au 0.427 Ti 0.50 Fe 0.072 B 0 . 001 (in mole fraction) i.e., by weight, Au 750 Ti 213 Fe 36 B 1 , in which the total amount of iron and boron represents 37 000 ppm by weight vs gold and titanium.
  • the invention relates to a binary alloy (two main elements) having improved properties due to the presence of a small amount of a specific grain refiner.
  • This alloy is easy to shape by mechanical deformation since it exhibits a small shape memory effect, smaller than that of conventional gold-titanium alloys.
  • the invention relates to an alloy of formula Au x Ti y R z , wherein:
  • This alloys consists in gold, titanium and one or more grain refiner selected from a specific list of elements.
  • the amount of grain refiner is 30 to 200 ppm by weight with respect to the total amount of gold and titanium.
  • the alloy can therefore consists of three elements: gold, titanium and one grain refiner, for instance gold, titanium and iridium.
  • the amount z of grain refiner ranges from 30 to 200 ppm by weight when x + y is equal to 1000 parts by weight. According to a preferred embodiment, z ranges from 40 to 100 ppm, more preferably from 40 to 60 ppm, even more preferably z is equal to 50 ppm.
  • the amount x of gold ranges from 375 to 917 parts by weight. It preferably ranges from 580 to 760 parts by weight.
  • the amount y of titanium ranges from 83 to 625 parts by weight. It preferably ranges from 240 to 420 parts by weight.
  • the alloy has any one of the following formula (in weight fraction): Au 583 Ti 417 R z , Au 753 Ti 247 R z or Au 804 Ti 196 R z , wherein the amount z of grain refiner ranges from 30 to 200 ppm by weight of the total amount of gold and titanium.
  • the alloy has a molar ratio gold/titanium of between 25.39/74.61 (14 carats) to 54.86/45.14 (20 carats), more preferably from 42.17/57.83 (18 carats, based on the weight of titanium and gold) to 54.86/45.14 (20 carats).
  • the amount of gold approximately ranges from 9 to 22 carats as compared to the total amount of gold and titanium.
  • the alloy may comprise impurities.
  • impurities may result from the metals used to form the alloy.
  • these possible impurities amount to a total of less than 1000 ppm, more preferably, less than 500 ppm, more preferably less than 250 ppm, by weight of the alloy (x + y + z).
  • the alloy may comprise a total amount of impurities of less than 100 ppm.
  • the alloy may comprise more impurities than grain refiner.
  • the benefit resulting from the presence of a grain refiner is greater than any negative effect that might result from the presence of impurities, even when the amount of impurities exceeds that of grain refiner. Impurities do not affect the poor (or lack of) shape memory resulting from the presence of 30-200 ppm of grain refiner.
  • impurities can include any one or more of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the amount of oxygen is greater than that of nitrogen, which is greater than that of carbon.
  • the total amount of one or more of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen is preferably less than 1000 ppm, more preferably, less than 500 ppm, more preferably less than 250 ppm, by weight of the alloy (x + y + z).
  • the total amount of impurities other than carbon, nitrogen and oxygen is preferably less than 500 ppm, more preferably less than 250 ppm, even more preferably less than 230 ppm, by weight of the alloy (x + y + z).
  • These other impurities may include but not limited to hydrogen, sulfur; silicon; phosphorous; selenium; halogens; metals other than gold titanium and the grain refiner R; metalloids other than the grain refiner R.
  • the grain refiner also contributes to the control of the precipitation step.
  • a smaller grain size reduces the macroscopic deformation of the alloy.
  • the grain refiner also improves the ductility of the alloy as its ability to elongate increases as compared to alloys that comprise less than 30 ppm or more than 200 ppm of grain refiner.
  • the Au x Ti y R z alloy has a grain size that preferably ranges from 10 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably from 20 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the Au x Ti y R z alloy preferably comprises between 10 and 70 % by volume of Ti 3 Au precipitates (Ti 3 Au or Ti 42.17 Au 57.83 by weight), more preferably between 20 and 60 %.
  • Ti 3 Au precipitates actually improves the hardness of the alloy.
  • Ti 3 Au precipitates are dispersed within the Au x Ti y R z matrix. They are located at the interface between the grains i.e. at the grain boundary and/or within the matrix.
  • the alloy has a hardness that preferably ranges from 400 to 650 Hv, for instance from 450 to 500 Hv.
  • the alloy Due to its hardness properties, the alloy resists to scratches. In addition, the grain refiner, which prevents crack initiation, improves the aesthetic properties of the alloy.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for preparing the alloy of formula Au x Ti y R z .
  • This process comprises the following steps:
  • the casting step consists in melting/solubilizing the Au, Ti and R elements at a temperature T CAST that may be greater than that of the respective melting points of these elements (or mixtures thereof) and below that of their (or mixtures thereof) respective boiling points.
  • T CAST melting/solubilizing the Au, Ti and R elements at a temperature T CAST that may be greater than that of the respective melting points of these elements (or mixtures thereof) and below that of their (or mixtures thereof) respective boiling points.
  • T CAST may be carried out at a temperature of more than 2466°C (melting point of iridium) and less than 2856°C (boiling point of gold).
  • the casting temperature T CAST may be below the melting point of Ti or R. It is preferably above the melting point of gold. Melted gold can then solubilize titanium and/or the grain refiner R.
  • the casting step 1/ may include making a pre-alloy. Making a pre-alloy allows a lower casting temperature.
  • the pre-alloying step is preferably carried out in an arc furnace.
  • the casting step may be carried out
  • the casting conditions (casting temperature and time) can be adjusted.
  • pre-alloying or casting (without pre-alloying) the alloy in particular in an arc furnace, is carried out at a temperature that preferably ranges from 2470 to 2850°C, more preferably from 2480 to 2700 °C.
  • the different elements of the alloy are preferably maintained at this temperature for 5 seconds to 30 minutes, for instance for 5 seconds to 20 minutes. For instance, it can last from 5 seconds to 5 minutes, more preferably for 10 seconds to 2 minutes.
  • casting the alloy following a pre-alloying step, is carried out at a temperature of 1100 to 1500°C, more preferably from 1250 to 1450°C, in particular in an induction furnace or a cold crucible induction melting.
  • the different elements of the alloy are preferably maintained at this temperature for 5min to 60min, for instance for 10min to 30min.
  • Casting the different elements of the alloy can consist in casting the appropriate amounts of elements by any means, for instance any one of: arc furnace, induction furnace, cold crucible induction melting...
  • the casting step 1/ is followed by a cooling stage, for instance by air quenching or water quenching, preferably by water quenching.
  • the grain refiner may also act as seeding material for the Au x Ti y R z alloy as the material resulting from the casting step has an improved microstructure as compared to alloys consisting of gold and titanium. While thermal treatments increase the grain size, the grain refiner counterbalances this effect by slowing down the grain's growth.
  • the homogenizing step 2/ is carried out at a temperature, T HOM , of from 1200 to 1400°C, more preferably between 1250 and 1350°C.
  • the homogenizing step 2/ is preferably carried out for 2 hours to 12 hours, more preferably for 5 hours to 10 hours, for instance for 5 hours to 8 hours.
  • homogenizing step 2/ may be carried out between 1250 and 1350°C, for 5 hours to 10 hours.
  • the process preferably includes a cooling stage between steps 2/ and 3/.
  • the homogenized material is preferably rapidly cooled, by air quenching or water quenching, more preferably by water quenching.
  • Deforming step 3/ is preferably carried out by cold compression or by rolling compression or by hot forging, more preferably by cold compression.
  • the deformation is preferably comprised between 20 and 80%, more preferably between 30 and 70%.
  • the deforming step is preferably carried out at a temperature T DEF of between 0 and 50°C, more preferably between 20 and 30°C.
  • Precipitation step 4/ is preferably carried out at a temperature T PRE of from 400 to 1000°C, more preferably between 500°C and 700°C, for instance between 500°C and 600°C.
  • precipitation step 4/ is preferably carried out for 10 minutes to 300 minutes, more preferably for 30 minutes to 180 minutes, for instance for 30 minutes to 120 minutes.
  • precipitation step 4/ is preferably carried out for 1 hour to 15 hours, more preferably for 2 hours to 12 hours.
  • precipitation step 4/ may be carried out between 500°C and 600°C, for 30 minutes to 2 hours.
  • the alloy is cooled to room temperature (20 to 25°C), preferably by air quenching or water quenching, more preferably by water quenching.
  • the precipitation step 4/ promotes the formation of a Au x Ti y R z matrix comprising Ti 3 Au precipitates, resulting in an improved hardness.
  • step 2/ and/or step 4/ may increase the amount of oxygen impurity, which is preferably less than 1000 ppm.
  • At least one of steps 1/ to 4/ may be followed by a cooling stage to room temperature. Steps 1/ to 4/ are preferably followed by a cooling stage to room temperature, preferably by water quenching.
  • T CAST is greater than T HOM , which is greater than T DEF .
  • T PRE is generally greater than T DEF but smaller than T HOM .
  • the grain refiner affords smaller grain size.
  • the deformation step and the precipitation step improve the hardness of the alloy.
  • the present invention also relates to an item comprising or consisting of the alloy of formula Au x Ti y R z . Accordingly, this alloy can be used in order to manufacture luxury goods.
  • it may be a watch component comprising (or consisting of) the alloy. It may be a jewel comprising (or consisting of) the alloy.
  • the item comprising or consisting of the alloy of formula Au x Ti y R z can be a jewel, a leather good, or a clothing accessory. It may also be a watch, a writing accessory, or a decorative item. For instance, it can be any of the followings: ring, ear ring, necklace, bracelet, pendant, watch or watch movement component (case, bezel, case back, crown, other case small parts, balance wheel, gear wheel, axis, screw%), buckle (belt, purse%), tie bar, cuff links, money clip, hair pin, pen, paper knife...
  • the alloy according to the invention can therefore be used in a field selected from the group consisting of: jewelry, horology, clothing, writing accessories, leather goods, and ornaments.
  • the process for preparing the different alloys comprises the following steps:
  • Table 1 shows that, depending on the experimental conditions, the alloy according to the invention exhibits a hardness that can range from 227 to 609 Hv.
  • the alloy hardness is improved when the process successively involves a homogenization step, a deformation step and a precipitation step. These steps are preferably following by a quenching step, for instance water quenching.
  • Figure 8 shows the grain size evolution of a sample after a homogenization step (1310°C for 7 hours).
  • the presence of 50 ppm of a grain refiner (Ir) in Au 750 Ti 250 affords smaller grains (less than 1 mm vs 2-3 mm).
  • the alloy according to the invention exhibits a more homogeneous deformation through the bulk, less segregation, and a better aesthetics since grains cannot be seen at a macroscopic scale.
  • figure 1 shows that the amount of grain refiner should be limited to 200 ppm in order to keep the smaller grain size benefit.
  • the grain refiner prevents crack initiation, it also improves the aesthetic properties of the alloy, especially after a polishing step. It improves the deformation of the alloy without generating cracks.
  • the homogenization step (samples 6-10) may be followed by a quenching step, preferably in water.
  • the deformation step preferably by cold compression, improves the hardness of the alloy (samples 11 and 12 vs samples 6 and 8).
  • the precipitation step is a thermal treatment, preferably at a temperature of at least 400°C and for 1 hour or more. This thermal treatment may be followed by a quenching step, preferably in water. It promotes the precipitation of Ti 3 Au.
  • Ti 3 Au precipitates improves the hardness of the alloy. As compared to Au 750 Ti 250 , the presence of 30-200 ppm of grain refiner promotes the Ti 3 Au precipitation kinetics. In general, the deformation step (in the presence of a grain refiner or not) contribute to this phenomenon as well.
  • the above precipitation step 4/ promotes a mixed structure of Au-Ti and Ti 3 Au. More specifically, the resulting alloy comprises Ti 3 Au precipitates within a gold-titanium, or gold-titanium-grain refiner, matrix ( figures 3-6 ).
  • Figure 7 shows the recovered deformation of different alloys (Au 750 Ti 250 and Au 750 Ti 250 Ir 50ppm ) after an incremental cold deformation of 0-15% and a mild heating step between 450°C and 700°C.
  • Step 2/ is a homogenizing step carried out at 1310°C for 7 hours while step 4/ is a precipitation step carried out at 750°C for 10 hours.
  • the alloy according to the invention exhibits a recovered deformation of 2% or less vs 3% or more for Au 750 Ti 250 . This is a significant improvement of roughly 33%.
  • the recovered deformation relates to the difference between the size of a sample, following an incremental deformation stage (0-15%), and its final size after a mild heating step and the subsequent cooling stage.
  • This incremental deformation is not the deformation of step 3/.
  • the mild heating step following the incremental deformation is not a precipitation step 4/. This mild heating step allows change from martensitic phase to austenitic phase.
  • the alloy If upon cooling, the alloy recovers its initial size, it also loses the benefits of the mild heating step and means a return to its martensitic phase. Accordingly, it is highly beneficial to obtain a recovered deformation close to 0%, which results in an alloy that is easier to shape by mechanical deformation (stamping, cold rolling%) due to a reduced shape memory.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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EP21150617.5A 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 Legierung auf der basis von gold und titan Withdrawn EP4026923A1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21150617.5A EP4026923A1 (de) 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 Legierung auf der basis von gold und titan
PCT/EP2022/050214 WO2022148817A1 (en) 2021-01-07 2022-01-06 Gold and titanium based alloy
EP22700363.9A EP4274916A1 (de) 2021-01-07 2022-01-06 Gold- und titanbasierte legierung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21150617.5A EP4026923A1 (de) 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 Legierung auf der basis von gold und titan

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4026923A1 true EP4026923A1 (de) 2022-07-13

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EP21150617.5A Withdrawn EP4026923A1 (de) 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 Legierung auf der basis von gold und titan
EP22700363.9A Pending EP4274916A1 (de) 2021-01-07 2022-01-06 Gold- und titanbasierte legierung

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EP (2) EP4026923A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2022148817A1 (de)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5853661A (en) * 1994-07-05 1998-12-29 Cendres Et Metaux Sa High gold content bio--compatible dental alloy
WO2008018109A1 (en) 2006-08-11 2008-02-14 Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Precious metal alloys based on the nitiau system, with phase transformations in solid state and methods for the production and transformation thereof
WO2010027329A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Autium Pte Ltd Coloured gold alloy and method for forming the same
WO2016107755A1 (fr) 2014-12-29 2016-07-07 Montres Breguet S.A. Alliage précieux léger de titane et d'or et composant d'horlogerie ou de bijouterie réalisé dans un alliage précieux léger de titane et d'or
WO2018162745A1 (fr) 2017-03-10 2018-09-13 Lvmh Swiss Manufactures Sa Materiau comprenant une couche mince d'un alliage comportant du titane et de l'or et procede d'obtention d'un tel materiau

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5853661A (en) * 1994-07-05 1998-12-29 Cendres Et Metaux Sa High gold content bio--compatible dental alloy
WO2008018109A1 (en) 2006-08-11 2008-02-14 Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Precious metal alloys based on the nitiau system, with phase transformations in solid state and methods for the production and transformation thereof
WO2010027329A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Autium Pte Ltd Coloured gold alloy and method for forming the same
WO2016107755A1 (fr) 2014-12-29 2016-07-07 Montres Breguet S.A. Alliage précieux léger de titane et d'or et composant d'horlogerie ou de bijouterie réalisé dans un alliage précieux léger de titane et d'or
WO2018162745A1 (fr) 2017-03-10 2018-09-13 Lvmh Swiss Manufactures Sa Materiau comprenant une couche mince d'un alliage comportant du titane et de l'or et procede d'obtention d'un tel materiau

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DIETER OTT ET AL: "Grain size of gold and gold alloys", GOLD BULLETIN, 1 June 1981 (1981-06-01), pages 69 - 74, XP055353083, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://rd.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03214600.pdf> [retrieved on 20210526], DOI: 10.1007/BF03214600 *
E. SVANIDZE ET AL: "High hardness in the biocompatible intermetallic compound ?-Ti3Au", SCIENCE ADVANCES, vol. 2, no. 7, 20 July 2016 (2016-07-20), pages e1600319 - e1600319, XP055428076, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600319 *
FISCHER-BÜHNER J ED - CORTI C ET AL: "GOLD - Science and Applications, Metallurgy of Gold", 20 May 2010, GOLD : SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS, CRC PRESS, BOCA RATON, FLORIDA, USA, PAGE(S) 123 - 159, ISBN: 978-1-4200-6523-7, XP002609226 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4274916A1 (de) 2023-11-15
WO2022148817A1 (en) 2022-07-14

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