EP4012073A1 - Elektrodenstrukturen für elektrochemische reaktion und diese enthaltende elektrochemische reaktionssysteme - Google Patents

Elektrodenstrukturen für elektrochemische reaktion und diese enthaltende elektrochemische reaktionssysteme Download PDF

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EP4012073A1
EP4012073A1 EP20849318.9A EP20849318A EP4012073A1 EP 4012073 A1 EP4012073 A1 EP 4012073A1 EP 20849318 A EP20849318 A EP 20849318A EP 4012073 A1 EP4012073 A1 EP 4012073A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
intermediate layer
catalyst layer
electrochemical reaction
work function
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EP20849318.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4012073A4 (de
Inventor
Ki-Tae NAM
Heon-Jin HA
Moo-Young Lee
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SNU R&DB Foundation
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Seoul National University R&DB Foundation
Global Frontier Center For Multiscale Energy Systems
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Publication of EP4012073A4 publication Critical patent/EP4012073A4/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/052—Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
    • C25B11/053—Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate characterised by multilayer electrocatalytic coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
    • C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
    • C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
    • C25B11/063—Valve metal, e.g. titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
    • C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
    • C25B11/067—Inorganic compound e.g. ITO, silica or titania
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • C25B11/077—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the compound being a non-noble metal oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to electrode structures for electrochemical reaction, and electrochemical reaction systems including same, and more particularly, to electrode structures including a catalyst layer used for a water oxidation reaction and electrochemical reaction systems including the same.
  • An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an electrode structure for an electrochemical reaction which may secure catalytic properties regardless of an electrode material, and an electrochemical reaction system including the same.
  • an electrode structure for an electrochemical reaction includes an electrode for oxidation reaction, a catalyst layer coated on a surface of the electrode, and an intermediate layer disposed between the electrode and the catalyst layer, wherein the electrode has a first work function, and the intermediate layer has a second work function greater than the first work function.
  • an electrochemical reaction system includes a reactor including an electrolyte containing water, first and second electrodes at least partially immersed in the electrolyte, a catalyst layer coated on a surface of the first electrode and including a transition metal oxide, an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the catalyst layer and having a work function greater than that of the first electrode, and a power unit for applying an electrical signal to the first and second electrodes such that water is oxidized to generate hydrogen.
  • an electrode structure for an electrochemical reaction which may secure catalytic properties regardless of an electrode material and an electrochemical reaction system including the same may be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a water splitting system including an electrode structure for an electrochemical reaction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a water splitting system 100 may include an electrolytic cell 110, an aqueous electrolyte solution 120, a first electrode (anode) structure ES and a second electrode (cathode) 140.
  • the first electrode structure ES and the second electrode 140 may be connected to each other by a power supply unit 180.
  • the water splitting system 100 may further include a membrane formed of an ion-permeable material, which may divide the first electrode structure ES and the second electrode 140.
  • the water splitting system 100 may further include a product collecting unit.
  • the water splitting system 100 may be a system decomposing water in the aqueous electrolyte solution 120 and generating oxygen and hydrogen.
  • the first electrode structure ES may include a first electrode (anode) 130, a catalyst layer 150 coated on at least one surface of the first electrode 130, and an intermediate layer 160 disposed between the first electrode 130 and the catalyst layer 150.
  • the first electrode 130 may be an oxidation electrode
  • the second electrode 140 may be a reduction electrode.
  • Each of the first and second electrodes 130 and 140 may be formed of a conductive material such as a semiconductor or a metal.
  • the first and second electrodes 130 and 140 may include at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), rhodium (Rh), chromium (Cr), and stainless steel, for example.
  • the catalyst layer 150 may include a catalyst material promoting a water oxidation reaction, such as, for example, a metal oxide, and particularly, the catalyst layer 150 may include a p-type metal oxide.
  • the catalyst layer 150 may include a transition metal oxide, and may include, for example, an oxide of at least one of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn).
  • the catalyst layer 150 may include spherical or hexahedral metal oxide nanoparticles, and in this case, each of the nanoparticles may have a diameter of 60 nm or less.
  • the catalyst layer 150 may include manganese oxide (Mn 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles.
  • the form of the catalyst layer 150 is not limited to nanoparticles.
  • the intermediate layer 160 may be interposed between the first electrode 130 and the catalyst layer 150 to secure the function of a catalyst in an oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Specifically, the intermediate layer 160 may be involved in a charge transport process in the electrochemical reaction, such that the catalyst layer 150 may function as a catalyst without being affected by the material of the first electrode 130, which will be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7c below.
  • the intermediate layer 160 may be a coating layer coated on the surface of the first electrode 130 and may be an electrode surface treatment layer, and may be independent of the improvement of catalytic activity.
  • the intermediate layer 160 may have catalytic performance lower than that of the catalyst layer 150, or may not participate in the electrochemical reaction unlike the catalyst layer 150 in embodiments.
  • the intermediate layer 160 may include a metal material, such as, for example, at least one of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and stainless steel.
  • the intermediate layer 160 may be formed of a material having a work function greater than that of the first electrode 130, and a work function thereof may be 4.8 eV or more.
  • the electrolytic cell 110 may accommodate the aqueous electrolyte solution 120, and may further include an inlet portion and an outlet portion, such as an inlet pipe and a drain pipe.
  • the aqueous electrolyte solution 120 may work as a source of water used in the water splitting reaction and as an acceptor of protons formed during the water splitting reaction.
  • the aqueous electrolyte solution 120 may include, for example, at least one of potassium phosphate and sodium phosphate such as NaH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , and Na 3 PO 4 , or a mixture thereof.
  • the pH of the aqueous electrolyte solution 120 may be in the range of 2 to 14.
  • the aqueous electrolyte solution 120 may include a proton-accepting anion.
  • the proton-accepting anion may accommodate at least a portion of the protons, such that the pH decrease rate of the aqueous electrolyte solution 120 may be reduced.
  • the proton-accepting anion may include at least one of a phosphate ion, an acetate ion, a borate ion, and a fluoride ion.
  • the first electrode structure ES may participate in an oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is an oxidation reaction in the first electrode 130 represented by chemical equation 1 above. Accordingly, OER may be performed with a relatively low overpotential under the function of the stable catalyst layer 150.
  • OER oxygen evolution reaction
  • a water splitting system may be used, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the electrode structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be used for an electrode for oxidation reaction in various electrochemical reaction systems.
  • the method of manufacturing the electrode structure for an electrochemical reaction as illustrated in FIG. 1 may include washing the surface of the first electrode 130, coating the intermediate layer 160 on the surface of the first electrode 130, and coating the catalyst layer 150 on the intermediate layer 160.
  • the washing the surface of the first electrode 130 may include washing the surface of the first electrode 130 twice using acetone, ethanol, and distilled (DI) water in order and performing a heat treatment thereon in sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) solution of 0.5 M at 60°C for 1 hour.
  • the coating the intermediate layer 160 on the surface of the first electrode 130 may be performed using, for example, physical vapor deposition (PVD) such as thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, or sputtering, or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • the coating the catalyst layer 150 on the intermediate layer 160 may include synthesizing the material of the catalyst layer 150 and coating the material of the catalyst layer 150 by methods such as spin-coating or drop-casting or coating the material by preparing the material in the form of paste or ink.
  • the synthesizing the material of the catalyst layer 150 may include, when the catalyst layer 150 is a transition metal oxide in the form of nanoparticles, preparing a first solution containing a transition metal ion supply material and a fatty acid surfactant, preparing a second solution containing an alcohol surfactant, annealing the first and second solutions at a predetermined temperature, forming transition metal oxide nanoparticles by adding the second solution to the first solution, and annealing the transition metal oxide nanoparticles at a predetermined temperature.
  • a paste or ink to be prepared may be prepared by adding a carbon conductor, and in this case, the mass ratio of carbon/transition metal oxide may be 0.1 to 1.0.
  • the intermediate layer 160 may be deposited on the first electrode 130 by sputtering, and as for the catalyst layer 150, manganese oxide (Mn 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles of about 4 nm synthesized by the above-described preparing method was prepared, and was washed twice using toluene and acetone. The nanoparticles were spin-coated on the intermediate layer 160 together with n-hexane. The spin-coating was performed for a coating time of 10 seconds to 30 seconds at a rotation speed in the range of 1000 rpm to 4000 rpm, and the catalyst layer 150 was coated to have a thickness of about 150 nm.
  • the electrode structure was prepared by annealing at a temperature of about 200°C for 1 hour after the spin-coating.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrode structure for an electrochemical reaction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first electrode structure ES may include a first electrode 130, an intermediate layer 160, and a catalyst layer 150 stacked in order.
  • the first electrode 130 may have a thickness in the range of 0.1 mm to 4 mm
  • the intermediate layer 160 may have a thickness in the range of 10 nm to 1 mm
  • the catalyst layer 150 may have a thickness in the range of 50 nm to 500 nm, but an example embodiment thereof is not limited thereto.
  • electrons (e - ) created while H 2 O is oxidized to O 2 on the surface of the catalyst layer 150 may move along the charge transfer path including the interfacial surface (1) of the aqueous electrolyte solution 120 and the catalyst layer 150, the internal portion of the catalyst layer 150 (2), and the interfacial surface (3) between the catalyst layer 150 and the first electrode 130.
  • the studies on the catalytic properties of the catalyst layer 150 are focused on 1 and 2, whereas studies on the interfacial surface 3 which is not externally exposed in terms of charge transfer has not be conducted.
  • the function of the catalyst layer 150 may be secured by controlling the mechanism of the charge transfer on the interfacial surface, and accordingly, OER performance may improve.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b are graphs illustrating catalytic properties of a catalyst layer depending on an electrode material.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate catalytic properties of a comparative example in which the first electrode structure ES in the embodiment does not include the intermediate layer 160 to examine the influence of the catalytic properties by the interfacial surface 3 in FIG. 2 .
  • the catalyst layer 150 was prepared in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, and was coated on the first electrode 130 instead of the intermediate layer 160 by spin-coating.
  • As the first electrode 130 each of FTO, nickel (Ni), stainless steel, copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), and zirconium (Zr) was used.
  • a current-voltage graph for the electrode structure in the comparative example is illustrated in comparison to a normal hydrogen electrode (NHE). It may be determined that the catalytic properties may be excellent as the potential reaching a specific current density is smaller, and as illustrated, it is indicated that, when the material of the first electrode 130 was FTO, nickel (Ni), stainless steel, copper (Cu), titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr) in order, the catalyst properties were excellent in the above order.
  • FIG. 3b illustrates an overpotential value for reaching an OER current density of 1 mA/cm 2 in the electrode structure in the comparative example along with the work function of the material of the first electrode 130.
  • Ti titanium
  • Cu copper
  • FTO having a work function of 4.8 eV or less
  • the overpotential did not decrease and was constant, that is, a saturated state, even when the work function increased.
  • the catalytic properties may not be affected by the material of the first electrode 130, which may indicate that, when the work function of the material of the first electrode 130 is 4.8 eV or more, the catalyst properties may not be affected by the interfacial surface between the catalyst layer 150 and the first electrode 130, which is the interfacial surface 3 described above with reference to FIG. 2 .
  • the material of the electrode such as the first electrode 130 may be determined in consideration of various conditions such as durability, corrosion resistance, thermal resistance, lightness, and price, and as indicated in the above results, since the properties of the catalyst are also affected by the electrode material, this should be considered as well. Therefore, there may be a limitation in selecting the electrode material.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b are energy band diagrams for an electrode structure.
  • E FM and E FS represent the Fermi level of the first electrode 130 and the catalyst layer 150, respectively
  • E C and E V represent the conduction band level and the valence band level of the catalyst layer 150, respectively
  • ⁇ B represents a Schottky barrier height
  • V represents the magnitude of an applied voltage.
  • FIG. 4a are band diagrams of an electrode structure of a comparative example in which the intermediate layer 160 described above with reference to FIGS. 3a and 3b is not provided with respect to a state before a voltage is applied and a state in which a voltage is applied.
  • the size of the work function of the first electrode 130 corresponds to the size between the E FM and the vacuum level, and the Schottky barrier height in the Schottky contact with the p-type catalyst layer 150 may be determined according to the size of the work function.
  • the barrier of the hole may further increase by the applied potential. Accordingly, it is indicated that, when the work function is 4.8 eV or less as illustrated in FIG.
  • the Schottky barrier height may decrease as the work function increases, and accordingly, the holes from the first electrode 130 may increasingly move to the catalyst layer 150 such that the overpotential may decrease. Also, it is indicated that, when the work function is 4.8 eV or more, the movement of holes may sufficiently increase, and the step of determining the rate in the electrochemical reaction may be switched to another step, such that the overpotential may reach a saturation state.
  • the work function of the first electrode 130 as described above, the flow of holes may be controlled.
  • FIG. 4b is a band diagram of an electrode structure in an embodiment of the present disclosure in which the intermediate layer 160 is inserted with respect a state in which a voltage is applied.
  • the Schottky barrier height may be determined by the work function of the intermediate layer 160 irrespective of the material of the first electrode 130. Accordingly, the overpotential in the electrochemical reaction may be controlled by the intermediate layer 160 and the OER performance may be controlled.
  • a material having a work function of 4.8 eV or more was provided as the intermediate layer 160 between the catalyst layer 150 and the first electrode 130. Accordingly, constant catalytic properties may be expected regardless of the material of the first electrode 130. Accordingly, the material of the first electrode 130 may be selected without a limitation in consideration of durability, corrosion resistance, thermal resistance, lightness, and productivity, and the performance of the catalyst layer 150 may be secured by the intermediate layer 160 as well.
  • FIG. 5 is a current-voltage graph illustrating catalytic properties of a catalyst layer depending on a material of an intermediate layer in an electrode structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the results of the measurement in the example in which the first electrode 130 was formed of titanium (Ti), and gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) were used as the intermediate layer 160. Also, as a comparative example, the example in which FTO and titanium (Ti) were used as the first electrode 130 without using the intermediate layer 160 is also illustrated.
  • the catalyst layer 150 was prepared by spin-coating the catalyst layer 150 on the intermediate layer 160 as in the aforementioned embodiment.
  • a current-voltage graph for the electrode structure in an embodiment is illustrated in comparison to a standard hydrogen electrode (NHE).
  • NHE standard hydrogen electrode
  • the catalytic properties were excellent in the order of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu).
  • gold (Au) was used as the intermediate layer 160
  • the catalytic properties were more excellent than the example in which FTO was used as the first electrode 130, which is the example in which the most excellent catalytic properties were exhibited in the graph in FIG. 3a . That is, by including the intermediate layer 160 of gold (Au) while using titanium (Ti) as the first electrode 130, catalyst properties improved as compared to the example in which the first electrode 130 of FTO is used without the intermediate layer 160.
  • Gold (Au) may have a work function of 5.1 eV
  • platinum (Pt) may have a work function of 5.65 eV
  • nickel (Ni) may have a work function of 5.15 eV
  • titanium (Ti) may have a work function of 4.33 eV
  • copper (Cu) may have a work function of 4.65 eV. Accordingly, it is indicated that, as compared to copper (Cu) having a work function of 4.8 eV or less, gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and nickel (Ni) having a work function of 4.8 eV or more may have relatively superior catalytic properties.
  • cobalt (Co) 5.0 eV
  • nickel (Ni) 5.15 eV
  • iridium (Ir) 5.27 eV
  • palladium Pd
  • Au gold
  • stainless steel 4.83 eV
  • platinum Pt 5.65 eV
  • work function 4.8 eV or more
  • FIG. 6 is a current-voltage graph illustrating catalytic properties of a catalyst layer depending on a thickness of an intermediate layer in an electrode structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • catalyst properties were measured while changing the thickness of the intermediate layer 160 to be 10 nm, 50 nm, and 75 nm with respect to the electrode structure including the first electrode 130 formed of titanium (Ti) and the intermediate layer 160 formed of gold (Au). As illustrated in FIG. 6 , the changes in the thickness of the intermediate layer 160 did not affect the catalyst properties, which may be because the intermediate layer 160 did not participate in the electrochemical reaction.
  • FIGS. 7a to 7c are diagrams illustrating catalytic properties of a catalyst layer according to a material of an intermediate layer in an electrode structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate the Nyquist diagram measured at different voltages (1.30 V and 1.35 V vs. NHE) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and an impedance equivalent circuit model is illustrated in FIG. 7c .
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate the results of measurement in the example in which the first electrode 130 was formed of FTO and titanium (Ti), respectively, and gold (Au) was used as the intermediate layer 160.
  • Au gold
  • the catalyst layer 150 was prepared by spin-coating the catalyst layer 150 on the intermediate layer 160 as in the aforementioned embodiment.
  • Rs is the resistance of the aqueous electrolyte solution 120
  • R1 is the total OER charge transfer resistance
  • R2 is the resistance between the catalyst layer 150 and the aqueous electrolyte solution 120.
  • the diameter of the semicircle in the graphs in FIGS. 7a and 7b is proportional to the resistance R1, and the graphs illustrate the total OER charge transfer resistance, which may be the charge transfer dependent on the catalytic properties, in the electrode structure. Accordingly, the small semicircle may refer to low impedance in the catalyst of the electrode structure.
  • the intermediate layer 160 of gold (Au) was used on the first electrode 130 of FTO, the smallest impedance was exhibited, and when the intermediate layer 160 of gold (Au) was used on the first electrode 130 formed of titanium (Ti), the second lowest impedance was exhibited.
  • the intermediate layer 160 was not used, high impedance was exhibited.
  • FIG. 6b when titanium (Ti) is used as the first electrode 130 and the intermediate layer 160 is not provided, the extremely high impedance was exhibited, whereas, when the intermediate layer 160 was used, impedance significantly decreased.
  • the intermediate layer 160 there may be a difference in actual charge transfer, and that the impedance of the electrode structure may be optimized according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the electrode structure for an electrochemical reaction and an electrochemical reaction system including the same may be widely used in the field of nanotechnology and energy technology in which catalyst performance should be secured.
  • the electrode structure and the electrochemical reaction system for an electrochemical reaction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be used for environmentally friendly energy production including hydrogen energy production.

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EP20849318.9A 2019-08-07 2020-08-04 Elektrodenstrukturen für elektrochemische reaktion und diese enthaltende elektrochemische reaktionssysteme Pending EP4012073A4 (de)

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KR1020190096258A KR102305658B1 (ko) 2019-08-07 2019-08-07 전기화학반응용 전극 구조물 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학반응 시스템
PCT/KR2020/010278 WO2021025438A1 (ko) 2019-08-07 2020-08-04 전기화학반응용 전극 구조물 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학반응 시스템

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EP4012073A1 true EP4012073A1 (de) 2022-06-15
EP4012073A4 EP4012073A4 (de) 2022-11-23

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JP5105406B2 (ja) * 2007-02-27 2012-12-26 学校法人同志社 逆電解用電極
JP5359133B2 (ja) * 2008-09-05 2013-12-04 アタカ大機株式会社 酸素発生用電極
JP5522484B2 (ja) * 2011-09-13 2014-06-18 学校法人同志社 電解めっき用陽極および該陽極を用いる電解めっき法
EP2634290A1 (de) * 2012-02-28 2013-09-04 Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Department of Inorganic Chemistry Elektrolytische Wassertrennung unter Verwendung eines kohleunterstützten MnOx-Verbundstoffes
KR101670929B1 (ko) * 2014-10-21 2016-11-07 서울대학교산학협력단 산소 발생 촉매, 전극 및 전기화학반응 시스템
CN106011923B (zh) * 2016-07-05 2018-07-20 宋玉琴 含镧的电极及其制备方法
CN106283105A (zh) * 2016-08-22 2017-01-04 西安建筑科技大学 一种添加镍中间层制备低能耗、长寿命钛基PbO2阳极的方法
CN106906472A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2017-06-30 北京航空航天大学 一种含铂中间层的锑掺二氧化锡电极的制备方法
KR101986642B1 (ko) * 2018-08-27 2019-06-07 울산과학기술원 이산화탄소를 이용한 수소 발생장치를 구비하는 연료전지 시스템

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