EP4004473A1 - Echangeur de chaleur notamment pour véhicule automobile et procédé de fabrication d'un tel échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents
Echangeur de chaleur notamment pour véhicule automobile et procédé de fabrication d'un tel échangeur de chaleurInfo
- Publication number
- EP4004473A1 EP4004473A1 EP20754338.0A EP20754338A EP4004473A1 EP 4004473 A1 EP4004473 A1 EP 4004473A1 EP 20754338 A EP20754338 A EP 20754338A EP 4004473 A1 EP4004473 A1 EP 4004473A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protuberances
- hollow
- elements
- face
- heat exchange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
- F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
- F28F9/0131—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
- F28F1/424—Means comprising outside portions integral with inside portions
- F28F1/426—Means comprising outside portions integral with inside portions the outside portions and the inside portions forming parts of complementary shape, e.g. concave and convex
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F2001/027—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with dimples
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
- F28F2225/04—Reinforcing means for conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2240/00—Spacing means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
Definitions
- Heat exchanger in particular for a motor vehicle and method of manufacturing such a heat exchanger
- the present invention relates to the field of heat exchangers, in particular for motor vehicles, and to methods of manufacturing such heat exchangers.
- heat exchangers equip a large number of motor vehicles. These heat exchangers can for example be dedicated to cooling motors or batteries, or to the operation of air conditioning devices.
- Heat exchangers generally include a heat exchange bundle consisting of a set of superimposed hollow elements in which a first heat transfer fluid, such as glycol water or a refrigerant fluid, is intended to flow.
- This heat exchange bundle has a plurality of fins arranged between these hollow elements. These fins are configured to increase the heat exchange surface between the first coolant circulating inside the hollow elements and a second coolant, such as air, circulating between these hollow elements.
- a heat exchangers have a large number of parts and can be complex to assemble, in particular due to the mounting of the fins.
- Such a heat exchanger is for example described in document EP 2869015.
- finned heat exchangers generate a certain thermal resistance for the exchange between the first coolant, such as refrigerant, and the second coolant, such as air.
- the surface of the fins allowing to increase the exchange surface is not in direct contact with the two fluids. The heat exchanges between these two fluids with the heat exchangers of the prior art can therefore be improved.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger having improved heat exchange capacities compared to those known from the prior art and having good mechanical strength.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger of which the number of parts constituting it is limited.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger which is simple and quick to assemble.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger which is simple, fast and inexpensive.
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a heat exchange bundle between at least a first fluid and a second fluid.
- the heat exchange bundle is made up of at least two superimposed hollow elements each having a first and a second face, said hollow elements being configured to form a channel inside which the first fluid is intended to circulate and to allow circulation. of the second fluid in a space between the superimposed hollow elements,
- At least one of the hollow elements comprises a plurality of protrusions arranged on at least one of the first or second faces of the hollow element, said protuberances extending in the space defined for the circulation of the second fluid and the protuberances provide a mechanical connection.
- protuberances arranged directly on the hollow elements of the heat exchange bundle makes it possible to dispense with the use of fins between the hollow elements in order to promote thermal exchanges between the first and second fluids.
- these protuberances make it possible to reduce the number of constituents of this heat exchanger.
- these protuberances are configured to disturb the flow of the second fluid between the hollow elements, which also makes it possible to contribute to the improvement of the heat exchanges between the first and second fluids thanks to a better homogenization of the temperature of the second fluid linked to the disturbance of its flow.
- the assembly by brazing of the various constituent elements of the heat exchange bundle makes it possible to ensure good mechanical strength of this heat exchange bundle.
- the brazing is carried out at the level of the protuberances which makes it possible to guarantee easy compliance with the spacing between the hollow elements to ensure the passage of the second fluid between the constituent elements of the heat exchange bundle.
- the heat exchanger according to the present invention may further include one or more of the following features taken alone or in combination.
- the heat exchange bundle may further comprise two end elements arranged parallel to the superimposed hollow elements and respectively on either side of the superposition of hollow elements, each end element having a face disposed opposite a first or a second face of a hollow element and defining a space between the end element and the hollow element to allow the circulation of the second fluid, the face of at least an end element disposed opposite the first or the second face of the hollow element and / or the face of the hollow element disposed opposite the end element comprises a plurality of protuberances, and the protuberances carried by the end element and / or the hollow element provide a mechanical connection by brazing with the face of the adjacent element arranged opposite the protuberances.
- the superimposed hollow elements of the heat exchange bundle can be plates.
- the superimposed hollow elements of the heat exchange bundle can be flat tubes.
- the protuberances can be formed directly on the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements and / or on the face of at least one end element arranged opposite the hollow elements.
- the protuberances can be attached to the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements and / or of the face of at least one end element arranged opposite the hollow elements.
- the protuberances may have a shape of constant section, a first end of which is placed in contact with the face of the element which carries the protuberance and a second free end, opposite the first end, in contact with the adjacent element.
- the section of the protuberance can be circular, oblong, or even parallelepiped.
- the protuberances may have a shape of variable cross section, a first end of which is placed in contact with the face of the element which carries the protuberance, said first end having an area greater than that of a second free end, opposite the first end, in contact with the adjacent element.
- the protuberances can have a conical shape having a pointed or planar second free end, or a dome shape.
- the protuberances may have a cone angle which is a function of a distance between two adjacent elements of the heat exchange bundle and of a contact diameter of the second free end of the protuberance with the adjacent element of the bundle. heat exchange disposed opposite this second free end of the protuberance.
- the cone angle can be between 10 ° and 40 °.
- the second free ends of the protuberances carried by the faces of two adjacent elements arranged opposite one another can be in contact with each other in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle.
- the second free ends of the protuberances carried by a face of an element can be in contact with a surface of an adjacent element of the heat exchange bundle in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle.
- the second free ends of the protuberances carried by the first face of the first hollow element may be in contact alternately with the second free ends of the protuberances carried by one face of the adjacent element and with the face of the adjacent element arranged opposite the first face of the first hollow element in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle.
- the protuberances can be arranged on the faces of the elements so as to form a network in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle.
- the network formed by the protuberances in the assembled state of the heat exchange beam can correspond to a rectilinear network, a staggered network, a chevron network, a hexagonal network, or even a corrugated network.
- each node of the network is formed by at least one protuberance.
- the network can be configured to orient the second fluid as it passes between the superimposed hollow elements.
- the superimposed hollow elements can be made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 45 W.nrbK- 1 at 20 ° C.
- the superimposed hollow elements can be made of metal or of a metal alloy, in particular of aluminum.
- the protuberances can be carried by the hollow elements and by the face of the first and second end elements, respectively, arranged opposite the hollow elements.
- the protuberances can be carried only by the first and second faces of the hollow elements, the face respectively first and second end elements arranged opposite the hollow elements having a smooth surface.
- a subject of the present invention is also a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger as defined above.
- the process comprises the following steps:
- Such a method is therefore easy and quick to implement due in particular to the limited number of components of the heat exchange bundle.
- the brazing of the various constituent elements of the stack makes it possible to guarantee good mechanical strength of the heat exchange bundle of this heat exchanger.
- the manufacturing method according to the present invention may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination.
- the stack may further comprise two end elements arranged respectively on either side of the superposition of hollow elements and parallel to these hollow elements, said end elements having a face arranged facing a first or a second face of a hollow element, and the face of at least one of the end elements arranged facing the first or the second face of the hollow element and / or the face of the hollow element arranged opposite the end element comprises a plurality of protuberances.
- the protuberances can be produced directly on the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements or on the face respectively of the first and second end elements placed opposite the hollow elements during the step of producing the protuberances.
- the step of producing protuberances may comprise a first sub-step of forming protuberances on a strip distinct from the element and a second sub-step of positioning this strip having the protuberances on the first and / or or second faces of the hollow elements or on the face respectively of the first and / or of the second end elements arranged opposite the hollow elements.
- the protuberances can be produced by deformation of a surface of the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements or of the face respectively of the first and second end elements arranged opposite the hollow elements, and in particular by stamping , during the stage of realization of
- the protuberances can be produced by depositing material on a surface of the first and / or second faces of the hollow elements or of the face respectively of the first and second end elements arranged opposite the hollow elements during the step of making the protuberances.
- the material can be deposited by a cold metallization process on the surface.
- the cold metallization process can involve the use of a mask.
- the cold metallization process can implement a first sub-step of spraying particles composed of a first material followed by a second sub-step of spraying a second material, different from first material, on the surface.
- the cold metallization process uses a gas under a pressure which may be between 5 bars and 50 bars and at a temperature which may be less than or equal to 1100 ° C.
- the gas used in the cold metallization process can be chosen from argon, helium and dihydrogen, alone or as a mixture.
- the protuberances can be produced by a direct metal deposition process on the surface.
- the direct metal deposition process uses a laser whose power can be between 0.3 kW and 4 kW.
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective representation of a heat exchanger
- Figure 2 is a partial perspective schematic representation of a heat exchange bundle of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
- Figure 3A is a schematic perspective representation of a strip having protrusions
- Figure 3B is an exploded schematic perspective view of a heat exchange bundle with protuberances attached to hollow elements of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
- Figure 4A is a schematic perspective representation of a set of protuberances according to a first variant
- Figure 4B is a schematic perspective representation of a set of protuberances according to a second variant
- Figure 4C is a schematic perspective representation of a set of protuberances according to a third variant
- Figure 5A is a schematic perspective representation of a set of protrusions according to a fourth variant
- Figure 5B is a schematic perspective representation of a set of protuberances according to a fifth variant
- Figure 5C is a schematic representation of a set of
- Figure 6 is a schematic perspective representation of a set of protuberances according to a particular embodiment
- Figure 7 is a schematic partial front perspective representation of a heat exchange bundle according to a first alternative
- Figure 8A is a schematic partial front perspective representation of a heat exchange bundle according to a second alternative
- Figure 8B is a perspective schematic view from above of the heat exchange heat bundle of Figure 8A;
- Figure 9 is a schematic perspective view of a partial face of a heat exchange beam according to a third alternative
- Figure 10A is a schematic representation of a first arrangement of protrusions between two elements of the heat exchange bundle of Figure 2;
- Figure 10B is a schematic representation of a second
- Figure 10C is a schematic representation of a third arrangement of protrusions between two elements of the heat exchange bundle of Figure 2;
- Figure 10D is a schematic representation of a fourth arrangement of protrusions between two elements of the heat exchange bundle of Figure 2;
- Figure 10E is a schematic representation of a fifth arrangement of protuberances between two elements of the heat exchange bundle of Figure 2; and [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a schematic representation of a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing the heat exchanger of Figure 1.
- first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter or even first criterion and second criterion etc.
- first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter or even first criterion and second criterion etc.
- indexing does not imply a priority of one element, parameter or criterion over another and such names can easily be interchanged without departing from the scope of the present description.
- This indexation does not imply an order in time, for example, to assess such and such criteria.
- thermal conductivity is understood to mean the energy, or quantity of heat, transferred per unit of area and time, expressed in watts per meter-Kelvin (W.nrLK ⁇ 1 ).
- fluid in the following description, a body whose molecules have little adhesion and can slide freely with respect to each other (in the case of liquids) or move independently of one another (in the case of liquids). the case of gases), so that the body takes the form of the vessel which contains it.
- a heat exchanger 1 in particular for a motor vehicle.
- This heat exchanger 1 comprises a heat exchange bundle 3 between at least a first heat transfer fluid Fl and a second heat transfer fluid F2 (visible in FIG. 2).
- the heat exchange bundle 3 is composed of at least two hollow elements 31 superimposed.
- Each hollow element 31 forms a channel 35 (visible in FIG. 2) inside which the first fluid F1 is intended to circulate.
- the heat exchanger 1 further comprises a first 11 and a second 13 manifold boxes.
- the first 11 and second 13 manifolds are arranged at the ends of the hollow elements 31 and wheat with the heat exchange bundle 3 the heat exchanger 1.
- the first manifold 11 has for example an inlet 11a and the second manifold 13 has for example an outlet 13a in order to supply the hollow elements 31 with the first fluid F1.
- This first heat transfer fluid F1 can in particular be a liquid, such as for example glycol water or a refrigerant fluid.
- These first 11 and second 13 header boxes are attached to the heat exchange bundle 3 in order to form the heat exchanger 1.
- These first 11 and second 13 header boxes for the first fluid F1 can be attached to the heat exchange bundle 3 by brazing or by a mechanical connection, in particular by crimping, for example.
- the hollow elements 31 superimposed on the heat exchange bundle 3 may be plates in order to form a plate heat exchanger 1, or else be flat tubes in order to form a tube heat exchanger 1.
- the hollow elements 31 superimposed on the heat exchange bundle 3 can in particular be made of a material having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 45 W.nrbK ⁇ 1 at 20 ° C.
- these hollow elements can be made of metal or of a metal alloy, and in particular of aluminum.
- Such thermal conductivity for the material constituting the hollow elements 31 makes it possible to ensure good heat transfers between the first F1 and the second F2 fluids in this heat exchange bundle 3 in order in particular to allow heat exchanges of the first fluid F1.
- the hollow elements 31 each have a first 33a and a second 33b faces (visible in FIG. 2). These hollow elements are also configured to allow the circulation of the second fluid F2 in a space 37 (better visible in FIG. 2) between the hollow elements 31 in order to allow heat exchange between the first F1 and the second F2 fluids during the operation of this heat exchanger 1.
- the second coolant F2 may for example be air intended to circulate between the hollow elements 31 in order to exchange thermal energy with the first fluid F1 circulating inside the hollow elements 31 for example.
- At least one hollow element 31 comprises a plurality of protuberances 5 arranged on at least one of the first 33a and / or second 33b face of the hollow element 31.
- the protuberances 5 extend into the space 37 defined for the circulation of the second fluid F2.
- Such an arrangement of the protuberances 5 in the space 37 defined for the passage of the second fluid F2 makes it possible to create disturbances in the flow of the second fluid F2 through the heat exchange bundle 3, which allows, among other things, better homogenization of the temperature of this second fluid F2 and an improvement in the heat exchanges between the first F1 and the second F2 fluids circulating in the heat exchange bundle 3.
- the protuberances 5 can be carried by the first face 33a of a first hollow element 31a arranged opposite the second face 33b of a second hollow element 31b.
- the second face 33b of the second hollow element 31b has no protuberance 5.
- the space 37 then comprises protuberances 5 coming from a single hollow element 31.
- the protuberances 5 can be carried by the first 33a and second 33b faces of each hollow element 31 constituting the heat exchange bundle 3.
- the space 37 then comprises protuberances 5 coming from two adjacent hollow elements 31.
- the protuberances 5 provide a mechanical connection by brazing with the adjacent hollow element 31 having a face disposed opposite the protuberances 5 carried by the at least one hollow element 31.
- the term adjacent element is understood here to mean an element. of the heat exchange bundle 3 arranged opposite a first 33a or a second 33b face of a hollow element 31.
- the assembly of the heat exchange bundle 3 by brazing makes it possible to ensure good mechanical retention of this heat exchange bundle 3.
- it is the protuberances 5 which define the space 37 for the passage of the second fluid F2. In the case of heat exchangers of the prior art, this space was provided by the presence of fins arranged between the hollow elements 31.
- the presence of the protuberances 5 therefore makes it possible to limit the number of constituents of the heat exchange bundle 3, which in particular makes it possible to simplify its structure and its assembly by eliminating the presence of fins known from the prior art.
- Such a heat exchange bundle 3 therefore has relatively low production costs while ensuring good mechanical strength thereof.
- the heat exchange bundle 3 can further include two end elements 38, 39.
- the end elements 38, 39 of the heat exchange bundle 3 are arranged parallel to the ends. hollow elements 31 superimposed and respectively on either side of the superposition of hollow elements 31.
- These end elements 38, 39 have a face disposed facing a first 33a or a second 33b face of a hollow element 31.
- These end elements 38, 39 may in particular define a space 37 'between the end element 38, 39 and the adjacent hollow element 31 to allow the circulation of the second fluid F2.
- the second fluid F2 is intended to pass at the level of the first 33a and second 33b faces of each hollow element 31.
- These end elements 38, 39 can be produced by a plate, for example of metal, of a metal alloy, as per example in aluminum or aluminum alloy.
- the material constituting the end elements 38, 39 is identical to that forming the hollow elements 31.
- the face of this at least one end element 38, 39 disposed opposite the first 33a or the second 33b face of the hollow element 31 may include a plurality of protuberances.
- the protuberances define the space 37 ’for the circulation of the second fluid F2 between the hollow member 31 and the adjacent end member 38, 39.
- one, the other or both end elements 38, 39 may have protuberances arranged on the face of these end elements 38, 39 arranged respectively facing the first 33a or the second face 33b of a hollow element 31.
- the first 33a or second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31 arranged opposite the end elements 38, 39 may be planar, that is to say not present no protuberance.
- the space 37 'for the circulation of second fluid F2 is defined by the protuberances carried by the at least one end element 38, 39.
- the end element 38, 39 having no protuberances can be placed in contact with the adjacent hollow element 31.
- the first 33a and second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31 arranged facing the end elements 38, 39 have protrusions 5.
- the space 37, 37 'for the circulation of the second fluid F2 is defined between the different elements 31, 38, 39 constituting the heat exchange bundle 3.
- the faces of the end elements 38, 39 arranged opposite the first 33a or the second 33b face of the adjacent hollow element 31 are smooth, that is to say they do not have no protrusions, and the first 33a and second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31 have protrusions 5 (as shown with reference to Figure 2) in order to ensure the formation of the space 37, 37 'for the circulation of the second fluid F2 in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle 3.
- the protuberances 5 carried by the face of the hollow element 31 or by the end element 38, 39 provide a mechanical connection by brazing with the face of the adjacent element 31, 38, 39 arranged opposite the protrusions 5.
- adjacent element 31, 38, 39 is meant an element arranged facing a first 33a or a second 33b face of a hollow element 31.
- An adjacent element can therefore be another hollow element 31 or one of the end elements 38, 39.
- the protuberances 5 are formed directly on the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31.
- the protuberances can be formed on the face of the end elements 38, 39 disposed opposite the hollow elements 31.
- the protuberances 5 can be produced by deformation of a surface of the first 33a and second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31 or of the face of the end elements 38, 39 disposed opposite the hollow elements 31. So alternatively, these protuberances 5 can be formed by adding material to this surface as is more detailed later.
- the protuberances 5 may be attached to the first 33a and second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31 or to at least one of the end elements 38, 39 intended to present protuberances 5 when they are present.
- the protuberances 5 can in particular be formed on a strip 7, shown in FIG. 3A, distinct from the hollow elements 31 or else from the end elements 38, 39. This strip 7 is then placed opposite the first 33a and / or second 33b. faces of the hollow element 31 for example, as shown with reference to FIG. 3B, or of the face of at least one end element 38, 39 intended to include protuberances.
- 3B is an exploded view of the strip 7 and of the hollow elements 31, but this exploded view is only presented to clearly distinguish the strip 7 from the hollow elements 31.
- the fixing of this strip 7 on the surface of the elements 31, 38, 39 may be produced by brazing during a step of brazing the heat exchange bundle 3, for example as described in more detail
- the strip 7 can be made of the same material as the hollow elements 31.
- the strip 7 can in particular be made of metal or a metal alloy, such as for example aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the protuberances 5 can be formed on the strip 7 by deformation of the surface of this strip 7 or even by adding material to this strip 7.
- the protuberances 5 may have a shape of constant section.
- shape of constant section it is understood here that the protuberance 5 has a constant diameter over the whole of its length, that is to say over the whole of the space 37, 37 'disposed between the elements 31 , 38, 39 for the passage of the second fluid F2 in which it extends.
- the protuberances 5 have a first end 51 disposed in contact with the face of the element 31, 38, 39 which carries the protuberance 5 and a second free end 53, opposite the first end 51, in contact with the hollow element 31. or the adjacent end member 38, 39.
- two free end 53 opposite the first end 51, in contact with the hollow element 31. or the adjacent end member 38, 39.
- the protuberances 5 the second free ends 53 of which are disposed respectively in contact with one another.
- Such an arrangement of the protuberances 5 can offer a resistance to deformations associated with the passage of the second fluid F2 in the space 37, 37 'high.
- the section of the protuberance 5 may be oblong (FIG. 4A), parallelepiped (FIG. 4B), or even circular (FIG. 4C).
- the protuberances 5 may have a shape of variable section.
- shape of variable section is meant here that the protuberance 5 has a variable diameter over the whole of its length, that is to say over the whole of the space 37, 37 'disposed between the elements 31, 38, 39 for the passage of the second fluid F2 in which it extends.
- the protuberances 5 have a first end 51 disposed in contact with the face of the element 31, 38, 39 which carries the protuberance 5 and a second free end 53, opposite the first end 51, in contact with the hollow member 31 or the adjacent end member 38, 39.
- the first end 51 has an area greater than that of the second free end 53.
- protuberances 5 the second free ends 53 of which are disposed respectively in contact with one another.
- Such protuberances 5 can make it possible to limit the reduction in the flow speed of the second fluid F2 in the space 37, 37 'defined between a hollow element 31 and an adjacent element 31, 38, 39 while disturbing the circulation of this. second fluid F2 in space 37, 37 '.
- the protuberances 5 may have a conical shape having a second free end 53 which is pointed (FIG. 5A), flat (FIG. 5B), or else a dome shape (FIG. 5C).
- the shape of the protuberances 5 can be chosen as a function of the stresses which they may be subjected to during the operation of the heat exchanger 1 or even during the brazing of the exchange bundle. thermal 3.
- the shape of these protuberances 5 can also be chosen according to the disturbances of the flow of the second fluid F2 desired in the space 37, 37 '(visible in particular in FIG. 1) ⁇
- protuberances 5 can be carried respectively by two adjacent elements 31, 38, 39, such as for example two adjacent hollow elements 31 or else by a hollow element 31 and the end element 38, 39 (visible in FIG. 1) adjacent.
- the protuberances 5 are carried by the first face 33a of a first hollow element 31a and by the second face 33b of a second hollow element 31b.
- the first surface 33a of the first hollow element 31a is separated from the second surface 33b of the second hollow element 31b by a distance D.
- This distance D may for example be less than or equal to 20 mm, and in particular included between 0.5 mm and 11 mm.
- the first 31a and second 31b hollow elements are connected to each other by the second end 53 of the protuberances 5 carried respectively by these first 31a and second 31b hollow elements.
- the first end 51 of these protuberances 5 has a diameter d which may be less than or equal to 10 mm, and in particular between 1 mm and 5 mm.
- the second free ends 53 (visible in Figures 4A to 5C) of the protuberances 5 have a contact diameter d.
- This contact diameter d may for example be less than or equal to 10 mm, and in particular between 0 mm for a point contact and 5 mm.
- the protuberances 5 correspond to protrusions 5 having a conical shape having a second free end 53 planar as shown with reference to Figure 5B.
- the protuberances 5 have a cone angle ⁇ .
- This cone angle a is a function of the contact diameter d of the second free end 53 of the protuberance 5 with the adjacent element 31, 38, 39 of the heat exchange bundle 3 placed opposite this second free end 53 and of the distance D between two adjacent elements 31, 38, 39.
- the protuberance 5 is carried by the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a and is disposed opposite the second face 33b of the second hollow element 31b.
- the distance D therefore corresponds to the distance between the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a and the second face 33b of the second hollow element 31b.
- the contact diameter d corresponds to the diameter of the second ends 53 of the protuberances carried respectively by the first 33a and second 33b faces of the first 31a and second 31b hollow elements.
- the cone angle ⁇ may be between 5 ° and 45 °.
- a cone angle a included between these values makes it possible to give the protuberance 5 a sufficient resistance to the deformations that it may be caused to undergo during the passage of the second fluid F2 and also during the brazing of the heat exchange bundle 3.
- the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the faces of two adjacent elements 31, 38, 39 arranged facing each other are in contact with each other.
- the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a and the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the second face 33b of the second element hollow 31b are in contact with each other.
- Such cooperation of the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 makes it possible in particular to manufacture identical hollow elements 31.
- such cooperation between the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 can be envisaged in the case where the face arranged opposite the hollow elements 31 of the first 38 or of the second 39 end element also has protrusions 5.
- the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by one face of an element 31, 38, 39 are in contact with a surface of an adjacent element 31, 38, 39 . More particularly according to the particular embodiment of FIGS. 8A and 8B, the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a are in contact with the second face 33b of the second hollow element 31b and vice versa.
- Such cooperation is also conceivable for the cooperation of the second ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by a face of a hollow element 31 arranged opposite the end element 38, 39 (visible in FIG. 1) adjacent in the case of where the face of this end element 38, 39 is smooth.
- the protuberances 5 correspond to deformations of the first 33a and of the second 33b faces of the first 31a and second 31b hollow elements respectively.
- the first fluid Fl can circulate inside these protuberances 5 which further improves the heat exchange coefficient between the first Fl and the second F2 fluids circulating through this heat exchange bundle 3.
- the heat exchange bundle 3 offers a direct contact surface between the first Fl and second F2 fluids over the entire path made by these first Fl and second F2 fluids through this exchange bundle.
- thermal 3 which makes it possible in particular to improve the thermal exchanges between these first fluid F1 and second F2 and therefore the performance of the heat exchanger 1.
- the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 carried by the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a may be in contact alternately with the second free ends 53 of the
- the adjacent element corresponds to a second hollow element 31b, the second face 33b of which has protuberances 5 configured to have their second ends 53 placed in contact with certain protuberances 5 carried by the first face 33a of the first hollow element 31a and zones devoid of protrusions configured to be in contact with the second end 53 of protrusions 5 having a size equal to a height of the space 37 defined for the circulation of the second fluid F2 between the first 31a and second 31b hollow elements.
- Such a configuration of the protuberances 5 can make it possible to modify the disturbances of the second fluid F2 during its flow through the heat exchange bundle 3, and also to play on the speed of movement of this second fluid F2 inside it. space 37 during its passage through the heat exchange bundle 3.
- the protrusions 5 can be disposed on the first 33a and second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31, or also on the face arranged opposite the hollow elements 31 of the first 38 and second 39 end elements so as to form a network 55 in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle 3.
- the network 55 formed by the protuberances 5 can be configured to orient the second fluid F2 during its passage through the space 37, 37 '(visible in FIG. 1) between the superimposed hollow elements 31 in order to promote heat exchange between the first Fl and second F2 fluids .
- the network 55 formed by the protuberances 5 in the assembled state of the heat exchange bundle 3 can correspond to a rectilinear network (FIG. 10A), to a staggered network (FIG. 10B), to a chevron network ( FIG. 10C), to a corrugated network (FIG. 10D), or even to a hexagonal network (FIG. 10E).
- each node 57 of the network 55 is formed by at least one protuberance 5. More particularly, when the hollow elements 31 have protrusions 5, the second free end 53 of which is intended to come into contact with one face of an element 31. , 38, 39 adjacent, as shown with reference to Figure 8A, the nodes 57 of the network 55 are formed by a single protuberance 5.
- the second free end 53 is intended to come into contact with a second free end 53 carried by another adjacent element 31, 38, 39, as shown with reference to FIG. 7, the nodes 57 of the network 55 are formed by two protuberances 5.
- the protuberances 5 are arranged so as to form a network 55 in a staggered or chevron pattern.
- the protrusions 5 are arranged so as to form a rectilinear network 55.
- the manufacturing process 100 comprises a step of producing E1 protuberances 5 on at least one face of at least one hollow element 31. These protuberances 5 can be produced directly on the hollow element 31 or be produced upstream on the strip 7. (visible in Figures 3A and 3B).
- the protuberances 5 When the protuberances 5 are produced directly on the hollow element 31, they can be produced by deformation, and in particular by stamping, of a surface of the first 33a and / or second 33b face of the hollow element 31. Such a face preparation of the protuberances 5 is quick to implement and also allows the first fluid F1 to pass inside these protuberances 5, which makes it possible to improve exchanges between the first Fl and second F2 fluids when they pass through the heat exchange bundle 3.
- the protuberances 5 can be made on the hollow element 31 by adding material to a surface of the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31.
- Such additions of material can for example be made by a cold metallization process, or even by a direct metal deposition process, on this surface and in particular on the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31.
- Such embodiments of the protuberances by additive processes make it possible to for example have access to complex shapes for these protuberances which would only be difficult to access by a stamping process, or else to give the protuberances 5 thus produced particular properties.
- the cold metallization process can implement the use of a mask in order to be able to define sections of particular shapes for these protuberances.
- the cold metallization process corresponds to the projection of a material on the surface in order to allow the formation of protuberances 5.
- the cold metallization process uses a gas under a pressure which may be between 5 bars and 50 bars and at a temperature which may be less than or equal to 1100 ° C.
- the projection temperature of the material must be lower than the melting point of this material in order to avoid any crystalline modification or even any oxidation thereof.
- the use of pressurized gas makes it possible to give a sufficient speed to this material so that it undergoes a plastic deformation at the time of its impact on the hollow element 31 and forms the protuberance 5 by accumulation of material linked to this. plastic deformation.
- the gas used for this cold metallization process can for example be chosen from argon, helium and dihydrogen, alone or as a mixture.
- the cold metallization process can implement a first sub-step of spraying particles composed of a first material followed by a second sub-step of spraying a second material, different from first material, on the surface of the hollow elements 31.
- the second material may have brazing properties superior to those of the first material in order to facilitate a subsequent step of this manufacturing process 100.
- the first and second materials intended to form the protuberances 5 must have sufficient chemical compatibility to ensure the mechanical retention of the beam heat exchange 3. It is thus possible to modify certain physicochemical properties of the protuberances 5.
- the direct metal deposition process uses a laser whose power can be between 0.3 kW and 4 kW.
- the direct metal deposition process corresponds to the projection of a powder on the surface of the desired hollow element 31 and then to the irradiation of this powder with the aid of the laser in order to allow the latter to melt.
- This direct metal deposition process makes it possible to produce protuberances 5 on the first 33a and / or the second 33b faces of the hollow element 31 having small thicknesses, and in particular being able to reach thicknesses of the order of 0.2 mm.
- the protuberances 5 can be produced on the strip 7 (shown with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B) distinct from the hollow elements 31.
- the production step E1 of the protuberances 5 comprises a first formation sub-step protrusions on the strip 7 then a second sub-step of
- this strip 7 having the protuberances 5 on the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow elements 31.
- the various techniques for forming the protuberances 5 described above, as well as regards the deformation of a surface of the strip 7 that as regards the deposit of material on the surface of the strip 7 in order to form the protuberances 5, can also be used during the first sub-step of forming the protuberances 5 on the strip 7.
- the second sub-step of positioning this strip 7 corresponds to the arrangement of this strip 7 facing the first 33a and / or second 33b faces of the hollow element 31. This strip 7 is therefore placed opposite the face of the element hollow 31 intended to present the
- the manufacturing process 100 then implements a step of preparing a stack E2.
- This stack comprises at least two hollow elements 31, at least one of which has at least one face comprising the protuberances 5. Furthermore, when the
- this stack further comprises the strip 7 arranged between the hollow elements 31.
- the stack may also include two end elements 38, 39. These end elements 38, 39 are arranged on either side of the superposition. Hollow elements 31 and parallel to these hollow elements 31. These end elements 38, 39 respectively have a face arranged opposite a first 33a or a second 33b face of a hollow element 31. On the other hand part, at least one of the elements
- ends 38, 39 may include a plurality of protuberances 5 on its face disposed opposite the first 33a or the second 33b face of the hollow element 31.
- these protuberances 5 can be produced directly on the end element 38, 39 by deformation of a surface of this end element 38, 39 or by depositing material on this surface as described above.
- the protuberances 5 can be produced directly on the end element 38, 39 by deformation of a surface of this end element 38, 39 or by depositing material on this surface as described above.
- protrusions 5 can be attached to the end element 38, 39 with the strip 7 described above.
- the manufacturing process 100 then implements a step of heating and compressing E3 of the stack in order to allow brazing of the second free ends 53 of the protuberances 5 with the adjacent hollow element 31 placed opposite these second free ends 53.
- the manufacturing method 100 is simple and quick to implement, in particular due to the reduction in the constituent elements of the heat exchange bundle 3 of the heat exchanger 1.
- the strip 7 having the protuberances 5 when it is present, is brazed on the faces of the hollow elements 31 presenting it during this heating and compression step E3.
- the heat exchange bundle 3 presents the end elements 38, 39
- these end elements 38, 39 are brazed with the hollow elements 31 during this heating and compression step E3.
- the manufacturing method 100 may include a final step of fixing (not shown) of the inlet 11 and outlet 13 (visible in FIG. 1) for the first fluid F1.
- the heat exchanger 1 having a heat exchange bundle 3 as defined above.
- the presence of protuberances 5 allows the joining of the various adjacent hollow elements 31 of the heat exchange bundle 3 and allows an increase in the heat exchange surface improving the exchanges between the first F1 and second F2 fluids.
- the joining of the various adjacent hollow elements 31 of this heat exchange bundle 3 by brazing at the level of the protuberances 5 makes it possible to simplify the structure of the heat exchange bundle 3 and also to ensure good mechanical strength of this heat exchange bundle 3 and therefore the heat exchanger 1.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1908477A FR3099239B1 (fr) | 2019-07-25 | 2019-07-25 | Echangeur de chaleur notamment pour véhicule automobile et procédé de fabrication d’un tel échangeur de chaleur |
| PCT/FR2020/051325 WO2021014094A1 (fr) | 2019-07-25 | 2020-07-22 | Echangeur de chaleur notamment pour véhicule automobile et procédé de fabrication d'un tel échangeur de chaleur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4004473A1 true EP4004473A1 (fr) | 2022-06-01 |
Family
ID=68501796
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20754338.0A Withdrawn EP4004473A1 (fr) | 2019-07-25 | 2020-07-22 | Echangeur de chaleur notamment pour véhicule automobile et procédé de fabrication d'un tel échangeur de chaleur |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4004473A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3099239B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021014094A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3810509A (en) * | 1971-10-15 | 1974-05-14 | Union Carbide Corp | Cross flow heat exchanger |
| US3757856A (en) | 1971-10-15 | 1973-09-11 | Union Carbide Corp | Primary surface heat exchanger and manufacture thereof |
| JP3146442B2 (ja) * | 1992-11-27 | 2001-03-19 | 株式会社ゼクセルヴァレオクライメートコントロール | 熱交換器用チューブおよびその製造方法 |
| US20070000652A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-04 | Ayres Steven M | Heat exchanger with dimpled tube surfaces |
| JP2007139376A (ja) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-06-07 | Nikkei Nekko Kk | 熱交換器 |
| FR2944591B1 (fr) * | 2009-04-17 | 2012-08-31 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Tube de circulation de fluide refrigerant, faisceau d'echange de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur comportant de tels tubes |
| EP2869015B1 (fr) | 2013-11-05 | 2017-09-20 | MAHLE International GmbH | Méthode d'utilisation d'ailettes ondulées asymétriques avec des persiennes |
-
2019
- 2019-07-25 FR FR1908477A patent/FR3099239B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2020
- 2020-07-22 WO PCT/FR2020/051325 patent/WO2021014094A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2020-07-22 EP EP20754338.0A patent/EP4004473A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3099239A1 (fr) | 2021-01-29 |
| FR3099239B1 (fr) | 2021-10-01 |
| WO2021014094A1 (fr) | 2021-01-28 |
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